Thesis Seminar

PRESENTED BYPRESENTED BY DAVENDRA KUMARDAVENDRA KUMAR

Id. No. – 1304/09Id. No. – 1304/09

THESIS PRESENTATIONTHESIS PRESENTATION ON ON

DEPARTMENT OF DEPARTMENT OF HORTICULTUREHORTICULTURESARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL UNIVERSITY OF SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL UNIVERSITY OF

AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY, MEERUT (U.P.), AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY, MEERUT (U.P.), 250 110 INDIA250 110 INDIA

• India is largest producer of vegetables in the world after China with an area around 8.45 mha, production 146.55 mt and productivity 17.30 mt/ha. India contribute 16% to the world vegetable production.(Anonymous, 2011)

• In India, West Bengal rank first in the total production of vegetable contributing more than one fifth of the vegetable production.

• India rank first in world pea production with an area of 0.37 mha, production 35.17 mt and productivity 9.5 mt/ha (Anonymous, 2011)

• The state U.P. with respected area is 0.89 mha, production is 1.76 mt and productivity is 21.3 mt/ha (Anonymous, 2011).

IntroductionIntroduction

Common Name : Garden pea

Botanical name : Pisum sativum L.

Family : Leguminoceae

Sub. Family : Fabaceae

Origin : Ethiopia

Pollination system : Self-pollinated

Chromosome no. : 2n = 14

Edible portion : Seed

Plant type : Herbaceous annual

Conti………..

Nutritional StatusMoisture

(%)Protein

(%)Fat(%)

Mineral matter

(%)

Fibre(%)

CHO. (%)

Calories

(K Cal)72.9 7.2 0.1 0.8 4 15.9 93

MineralsP

(mg/100g)K

(mg/100g)

Ca(mg/100g)

Mg(mg/100g)

Fe(mg/100g)

Na(mg/100g)

Cu(mg/100g)

139 79 20 34 1.5 7.8 0.23S

(mg/100g)Cl

(mg/100g)

95 20VitaminsCarotene

(mg/100g)Thiamine

(mg/100g)

Riboflavin(mg/100g)

Niacin(mg/100g)

Vit. C(mg/100g)

83 0.25 0.01 0.8 9

ObjectivesTo assess and analyze the genetic variability

present in the parents and their progenies.To understand the association between seed yield

and yield contributing traits.To estimate the direct and indirect effect of yield

and its components through path-coefficient analysis.

To elucidate the nature of inheritance of seed yield and other quantitative characters.

To facilitate the selection of parents for hybridization programme by estimating the combining ability effects.

To assess the nature and magnitude of heterosis for different quantitative characters.

Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance

Variability-The existence of phenotypic differences among

the genotypes of a population.

Heritability-Transmission of characters from parents to their

offspring.

Types of heritability :

1. Broad sense heritability

2. Narrow sense heritability

Genetic advance-Improvement or advancement in advance

generation (population) from the basic population.

Correlation and path coefficient

Correlation- A statistical measure which is used to find out the degree and direction of relationship between two or more variable.

Phenotypic correlation- The association between two variable which can be directly observed.

Genotypic correlation- The heritable association between two variables also called as genetic correlation.

Path coefficient – measures the direct and indirect contribution of various independent variables on the dependent variable.

Phenotypic path- Path coefficient that are worked out from all possible phenotypic correlation coefficient among various characters.

genotypic path- Path coefficient that are worked out from all possible genotypic correlation coefficient among various characters

Development of high yielding varieties and F1 hybrids have become

insatiate to face the challenges of increasing the production and

productivity in the years to come.

Genetic improvement in seed yield could normally be obtained

through various selection and breeding procedures that accumulate

and concentrate the favorable genes and gene complexes.

Information on combining ability and heterosis for seed yield and

its traits in garden pea will prove very useful in selection of

appropriate parents for the development of hybrids.

Combining ability and Heterosis

The line x tester analysis, a tool employed in the study of

genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance of

yield attributes may be helpful in selection of some useful

materials from the existing population.

It is also used in estimating GCA of the parents and SCA

of the hybrids and their effects.

The SCA and GCA are directly related to additive and non-

additive genetic variance in a cross. Predominance at

non- additive genetic variance is suggestive of adopting a

heterosis breeding programme while, prevalence of

additive gene action suggests that the use of

conventional breeding will be fruitful.

Conti..

Conti….

• Heterosis refers to the superiority of F1 hybrids over

their parents.

• In heterosis breeding, a knowledge of combining

ability, gene action and relative amount of additive

and non-additive components of genetic variance

helps in identification of best combiners and

feasibility of its utilization in the breeding programme.

• In Pea, limited information is available in the

magnitude of variability, heritability, genetic advance,

correlation coefficient, path coefficient, combining

ability and heterosis for yield and its component

characters.

Materials and MethodsThe details of the experiment is stated below.Total treatment : 15 genotypeNumber of lines : 12Number of testers : 3Number of F1 hybrids : 36Commercial check : 2 (Asuji and Pant uphar)Replication : 3Spacing : P X P : 10 cm.

R X R : 30 cm.Design : Randomized Block Design (RBD) Randomly 5 plants were selected from each genotype with each

replication for observation. Genotypes KS-156, KS-175, KS-149, AP-5, AP-2, AP-3,KS-256, KS-

216, KS-204, KS-205, KS-159 and KS-150 are used as Female parents (Lines)

Genotypes AP-1, Arkel and E-6 are used as Male parents (Testers)

ObservationsDays to floweringDays to maturityPlant height(cm)Productive branches/plantNumber of pods/plantPod length(cm)Pod width(cm)Number of seed/pod100-seed weight(g)Seed yield/plant(g)

F1 combinationS. N.

F1 Combinations

S. N.

F1 Combinations S. N.

F1 Combinations

1 KS-156 x AP-1

13 KS-156 x Arkel

25 KS-156 x E-6

2 KS-175 x AP-1

14 KS-175 x Arkel

26 KS-175 x E-6

3 KS-149 x AP-1

15 KS-149 x Arkel

27 KS-149 x E-6

4 AP-5 x AP-1

16 AP-5 x Arkel

28 AP-5 x E-6

5 AP-2 x AP-1

17 AP-2 x Arkel

29 AP-2 x E-6

6 AP-3 x AP-1

18 AP-3 x Arkel

30 AP-3 x E-6

7 KS-256 x AP-1

19 KS-256 x Arkel

31 KS-256 x E-6

8 KS-204 x AP-1

20 KS-204 x Arkel

32 KS-204 x E-6

9 KS-216 x AP-1

21 KS-216 x Arkel

33 KS-216 x E-6

10 KS-205 x AP-1

22 KS-205 x Arkel

34 KS-205 x E-6

11 KS-159 x AP-1

23 KS-159 x Arkel

35 KS-159 x E-6

12 KS-150 x AP-1

24 KS-150 x Arkel

36 KS-150 x E-6

F1 Combinations

Hybridization programme

Seed of male and female parents were sown during winter season 2010- 2011 for attempting cross in line x tester fashion. The total of 36 hybrids were developed by crossing 12 female parents (lines) with each of 3 male parents (testers).

Flower buds of male and female parents were selected on the previous evening prior to the day of their opening.

Flower buds of female parents were covered with butter paper bags after emasculation to avoid out crossing.

Pollination was carried out on the next day morning. After pollination, the pollinated buds were again covered with butter paper bags to avoid contamination and tagged with details of female and male parent with date of pollination.

Statistical Analysis Analysis of variance : ANOVA for testing the differences among

progenies and parents (Line x Tester) by standard procedure given by Panse and sukhatme (1985).

Estimation of variability parameters: Phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation, heritability, genetic advance for different characters will be suggested by Burton (1952) and Johnson et al. (1955).

Estimation of correlation coefficients : The phenotypic, genotypic coefficient of correlation were computed as per methods suggested by Al- Jibouri et al. (1958).

Path coefficient analysis : were suggested by Deway and Lu (1959).

Estimation of combining ability : estimated of combining ability variances and effects will be obtained using line x tester method suggested by Kempthorne (1957).

Estimation of heterosis : heterosis in F1 will be calculated as the difference of F1 hybrid performance from the standard check (standard heterosis) and better parents (heterobeltiosis) suggested by Kempthorne (1957).

Analysis of variance for 10 characters in parents and F1 generation of Garden pea

Sources

of

variation

d.f. Days to

flowerin

g

Days to

maturit

y

Plant

height

(cm)

Prod

uctiv

e

bran

ches/

Plant

No. of

pods

/ plant

Pod

Length

(cm)

Pod

Widt

h

(cm)

No. of

seed/

Pod

100-

Seed

Weigh

t (gm)

Seed

Yield/

Plant

(gm)

Replication 2 3.13 1.93 1.56 0.09 0.98 0.13 0.09 0.07 1.13 0.02

Treatment

s

50 165.55** 381.52** 662.60** 2.87*

*

142.68** 2.42** 3.02*

*

2.95** 7.14** 22.59**

Error 100 1.09 1.79 3.09 0.03 2.05 0.05 0.02 0.06 1.10 0.29

Continue…

S.No. Characters Heritability (%)

Genetic advance

Genetic advance as

% of mean

GCV (%) PCV (%)

1. Days to flowering 48.19 15.10 30.13 14.77 14.91

2. Days to maturity 58.65 23.01 20.54 10.04 10.11

3. Plant height (cm) 98.61 40.33 48.80 28.86 27.02

4. Productive branches/Plant 90.95 31.04 47.48 24.18 23.37

5. No. of pods/plant 95.84 43.81 57.48 38.51 39.12

6. Pod length (cm) 94.05 21.77 21.90 30.96 31.31

7. Pod Width (cm) 90.74 10.19 13.92 07.09 07.45

8. No. of Seed/Pod 84.51 21.97 36.30 33.14 33.51

9. 100-Seed Weight (gm) 74.65 22.35 30.81 26.53 28.12

10. Seed yield/plant (gm) 96.32 25.51 42.09 26.83 29.23

Parameters of variability for various traits studied in garden pea

Estimation of correlation coefficient for Genotypic (G) and Phenotypic (P) levels among different characters in garden

pea

S.No. Character

Days to

Flowering

Plant Height (cm)

Productive Branches/ Plant

No. of Pods/ Plant

Pod Length (cm)

Pod Width (cm)

No. of Seeds/ Pod

100-seed

Weight (gm)

Days to Maturity

Seed yield/p

lant

1 Days to Flowering

G 1.00 0.39** 0.33** -0.02 0.31** 0.32** -0.11 -0.04 0.05 -0.08

P 1.00 0.49** 0.23** -0.02 0.21** 0.31** -0.14 -0.09 0.08 -0.092 Plant

Height (cm)

G 1.00 0.14 0.01 -0.16 0.27** 0.36** 0.32** 0.10 0.06

P 1.00 0.11 0.02 -0.15 0.25** 0.25** 0.30** 0.13 0.07

3 Productive Branches/ Plant

G 1.00 0.36** 0.16 0.37** -0.01 0.09 0.05 -0.13

P 1.00 0.21** 0.14 0.33** 0.03 0.11 0.11 -0.14

4 Pods/ Plant

G 1.00 -0.08 -0.07 0.01 0.10 -0.02 0.73**

P 1.00 -0.08 -0.06 0.06 0.06 -0.03 0.75**

5 Pod Length (cm)

G 1.00 0.59** 0.64** 0.60** -0.04 0.35**

P 1.00 0.56** 0.60** 0.45** 0.11 0.39**

6 Pod Width (cm)

G 1.00 0.18 0.24** 0.53** 0.31**

P 1.00 0.23 0.29** 0.59** 0.39**

7 Seeds/ Pod

G 1.00 0.38** -0.01 0.33**

P 1.00 0.31** -0.09 0.28**

8 100-seed Weight (gm)

G 1.00 -0.05 0.30**

P 1.00 0.07 0.24**

9

Days to Maturity

G 1.00 0.11

P 1.00 0.13

Estimation of direct and indirect effect for various traits studied towards seed yield in

garden pea

S.No. Characters

Days to Flowerin

g

Plant Height (cm)

Productive

Branches/ Plant

No. of

Pods/ Plant

Pod Length (cm)

Pod Widt

h (cm)

No. of Seeds/

Pod

100-seed

Weight (gm)

Days to Maturit

y

Correlation with seed yield/plant

1 Days to Flowering

G 0.13 -0.21 -0.01 0.01 0.09 0.14 0.14 0.17 -0.15 -0.08

P 0.23 -0.16 -0.08 0.01 0.07 0.10 0.10 0.11 -0.16 -0.09

2 Plant Height (cm)

G -0.03 0.55 -0.02 0.07 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 -0.04 0.06

P 0.02 0.54 0.02 0.09 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.03 0.07

3 Productive Branches/ Plant

G -0.04 -0.08 -0.18 -0.04 -0.03 -0.07 0.75 -0.05 -0.02 -0.13

P -0.05 -0.09 -0.22 -0.05 -0.03 -0.07 0.77 -0.06 -0.02 -0.14

4Pods/ Plant

G -0.01 0.11 0.78 0.79 -0.07 -0.06 0.06 0.08 -0.02 0.73**

P -0.02 0.07 0.76 0.74 -0.06 -0.05 0.08 0.05 -0.01 0.75**

5 Pod Length (cm)

G 0.08 0.04 0.08 0.09 0.78 0.22 0.10 0.09 0.10 0.35**

P 0.02 0.02 -0.01 0.01 0.71 -0.06 -0.06 -0.05 0.03 0.39**

6Pod Width (cm)

G -0.02 -0.02 0.02 0.11 0.04 0.06 0.02 0.02 -0.04 0.31**

P -0.01 -0.01 0.02 0.04 0.03 0.05 0.02 0.01 -0.03 0.39**

7Seeds/ Pod

G 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.67 -0.17 -0.01 0.66 -0.1 0.11 0.33**

P 0.07 0.05 0.01 0.63 -0.13 -0.08 0.61 -0.07 0.08 0.28**

8 100-seed Weight (gm)

G 0.06 0.06 -0.05 -0.02 0.59 -0.06 -0.06 0.86 0.07 0.30**

P 0.01 0.01 -0.01 0.08 0.61 -0.01 -0.01 0.82 0.01 0.24**

9 Days to Maturity

G 0.31 0.29 0.04 -0.01 -0.13 -0.25 -0.16 -0.18 0.19 0.11

P 0.29 0.27 0.03 -0.01 -0.09 -0.17 -0.11 -0.1 0.16 0.13

Analysis of variance for 10 characters in parents and F1 generation of garden

pea

Source of Variations d.f.

Days to Flowerin

g

Days to Maturit

y

Plant Height (cm)

Productiv

e Branches/ Plant

No. of Pods/ Plant

Pod Lengt

h (cm)

Pod Widt

h (cm)

No. of

Seeds/

Pod

100-seed

Weight (gm)

Seed Yield/ Plant

Replication 2 1.23 2.56 6.68 0.07 0.70 0.02 0.05 0.04 1.92 1.01

Crosses 35 117.57**203.05*

* 309.06** 0.82 77.05** 2.02** 0.022.56*

* 6.23**18.48*

*

Line 11 203.76**538.10*

* 610.40**2.35*

*119.44*

* 6.06** 0.067.61*

* 15.51**58.52*

*

Tester 2 882.06**572.12*

* 1781.95** 0.90592.61*

* 0.69 0.02 1.87 14.05**30.98*

*

Line x Tester 22 4.97** 8.98** 24.49** 0.04 7.98** 0.11 8.88** 0.10 0.98

21.08**

Error 70 0.93 1.46 3.73 0.02 2.65 0.03 0.000.03*

* 1.35 0.15

Estimation of general combining ability effects of lines and testers with respect to 10 characters in

garden pea

Crosses

Days to Flowerin

gDays to Maturity

Plant Height (cm)

Productive

Branches/ Plant

No. of Pods/ Plant

Pod Length (cm)

Pod Width (cm)

No. of Seeds/

Pod

100-seed Weight (gm)

Seed Yield/ Plant

KS-156 4.96** 2.09** 12.02** 10.45** 2.03** 10.66** 20.10** 10.33** 21.01** 20.33**

KS-175 0.59 0.13 6.65** 0.14 3.34** -0.25 0.05 -0.14 1.29 0.74

KS-149 1.26 1.02 7.46** -0.62 6.12** 1.26 -0.05 9.42** 9.84** 7.72**

AP-5 2.26** 7.91** 10.76** 1.03 2.91** 0.05 0.02 -0.95 10.56** 11.13**

AP-2 10.70** 1.24 5.09** 0.14 5.05** -0.48 -0.02 21.28** -1.43 12.55**

AP-3 9.07** 0.20 -0.69 -0.04 -1.46 -0.45 0.06 1.05 -0.73 -0.84

KS-256 2.48** 3.46** 4.09** 10.31** 2.55** 10.77** 2.05** 3.36** 3.13** 2.66**

KS-204 -1.30 1.46 -0.69 -0.44 11.05** -0.08 -0.07 10.06** -1.70 -0.85

KS-216 0.37 10.69** 4.98** -0.46 3.81** -0.59 -0.12 -0.12 -0.95 3.26**

KS-205 -1.41 1.02 9.02** -0.46 4.42** 10.63** -0.04 11.16** -1.07 4.93**

KS-159 0.93 -1.87 11.69** -0.51 1.32 -0.52 -0.03 20.27** -0.61 -0.92

KS-150 0.15 -0.54 9.98** 0.47 13.75** 11.81** 2.19** 0.54 -0.16 22.34**

AP-1 3.01** 4.02** 8.06** 0.15 4.21** -0.16 -0.02 0.12 10.66** 10.15**

ARKEL 2.70** -0.06 4.88** 0.01 -0.33 0.07 0.02 0.15 0.09 10.50**

E-6 0.71 0.95 3.19** -0.16 3.88** 0.09 -0.01 -0.26 -0.58 20.10**

(5) (4) (10) (3) (10) (4) (3) (7) (4) (8)

SE [gi] (±) 0.15 0.21 0.19 0.05 0.17 0.07 0.02 0.07 0.30 0.18

SE [gj] (±) 0.17 0.20 0.29 0.02 0.14 0.03 0.05 0.03 0.17 0.09

SE [gi- gj] (±) 0.19 0.09 0.03 0.07 0.08 0.10 0.01 0.10 0.09 0.25

SE [gi- gj] (+_) 0.24 0.29 0.41 0.03 0.34 0.05 0.08 0.05 0.24 0.12

Continue…

Days to Flowering

Days to Maturity

Plant Height (cm)

S.No. Line AP-1 ARKEL E-6 AP-1 ARKEL E-6 AP-1 ARKEL E-6

1 KS-156 0.44 -0.59 0.16 -0.13 -0.38 0.51 5.95** 6.66** -0.70

2 KS-175 0.12 -0.15 1.27** 3.35** 0.40 -0.05 0.05 2.32** 2.37**

3 KS-149 0.12 2.81** 0.94 1.43** -0.49 -0.95 2.51** 2.10** 0.41

4 AP-5 1.21** 1.48* 0.27 -0.80 0.29 -0.49 0.27 0.88 0.15

5 AP-2 1.56** 1.74** -0.18 0.54 -0.05 -0.49 3.60** 0.79 -0.81

6 AP-3 -0.45 2.19** 1.73** -0.02 -0.27 0.29 1.38** 0.34 0.96

7 KS-256 -0.01 1.30** 0.29 0.98 -0.60 -0.38 2.60** 3.12** 0.52

8 KS-204 0.10 0.74 -0.84 -0.35 0.06 0.29 -0.95 -0.01 0.96

9 KS-216 1.10** -0.93 -0.18 -0.24 1.71** -0.94 2.05** 0.68 0.63

10 KS-205 0.88 1.15** 0.27 -0.35 0.06 0.29 1.38** -1.01 -0.37

11 KS-159 -0.12 0.52 -0.40 -0.69 -0.60 1.29** 2.62** 0.99 1.63**

12 KS-150 -0.34 0.37 1.71** -0.02 -0.60 0.62 0.71 -1.01 0.30

Sij (12) 0.86 (4) 1.02 (13) 1.45

Sij - Skl 1.79 2.13 3.01

Estimation of specific combining ability effect with respect to 10 characters in

garden pea

Productive Branches/ Plant

No. of Pods/ Plant

Pod Length (cm)

S.No. Line AP-1 ARKEL E-6 AP-1 ARKEL E-6 AP-1 ARKEL E-6

1 KS-156 0.27 -0.05 -0.21 0.35 -0.87 0.52 -0.07 0.13 -0.05

2 KS-175 3.99** 2.01** 0.10 0.11 1.69** 1.80** 2.46** 1.37** 4.09**

3 KS-149 -0.26 0.21 0.05 -0.17 0.91 -0.74 0.36 -0.07 -0.29

4 AP-5 0.09 -0.03 -0.06 1.94** -0.45 1.50** 0.07 1.13** 0.06

5 AP-2 2.02** -0.01 0.03 2.03** 1.67** 0.36 -0.17 0.13 0.05

6 AP-3 -0.04 -0.03 0.07 0.52 1.30** 0.78 0.07 -0.03 -0.04

7 KS-256 1.99** 3.01** 2.01** -2.30 -0.39 2.69** 0.05 -0.12 0.07

8 KS-204 0.02 -0.03 0.01 0.87 -0.86 -0.01 0.09 -0.07 -0.02

9 KS-216 -0.02 0.06 -0.04 1.34 0.25 1.60** 0.14 -0.10 -0.04

10 KS-205 -0.02 0.06 3.04** 1.30 0.34 1.64** -0.02 -0.18 0.20

11 KS-159 1.82** -0.10 0.07 0.93 1.99** 0.06 0.09 -0.03 0.02

12 KS-150 0.05 -0.08 0.03 2.87** 0.01 2.86** -0.06 2.10** -0.04

Sij (8) 0.14 (13) 1.18 (5) 0.18

Sij – Skl 0.29 2.45 0.38

Continue…

S.No. Line Pod Width (cm) No. of Seeds/ PodAP-1 ARKEL E-6 AP-1 ARKEL E-6

1 KS-156 0.05 -0.02 2.44** -0.05 -0.11 0.16

2 KS-175 2.02** 3.04** -0.02 2.02** -0.08 0.06

3 KS-149 0.06 0.58 0.20 -0.01 0.03 -0.03

4 AP-5 -0.01 0.4 1 0.1 0 -0.04 -0.13 0.17

5 AP-2 -0.08 0.51 0.91 -0.07 3.07** 0.14

6 AP-3 0.03 -0.02 -0.52 -0.04 0.10 -0.06

7 KS-256 0.09 -0.21 0.40 1.30** 0.21 2.51**

8 KS-204 0.01 -0.04 0.06 -0.16 0.08 0.09

9 KS-216 0.07 0.88 -0.41 0.06 -0.10 0.04

10 KS-205 0.85 1.87** 0.60 1.17* 0.01 -0.18

11 KS-159 1.99** 0.32 0.71 -0.05 -0.01 0.06

12 KS-150 0.01 -0.25 0.30 -0.13 0.08 0.05

Sij (4) 0.02 (5) 0.19

Sij - Skl 0.05 0.39

Continue…

100-seed Weight (gm) Seed Yield/ Plant

S.No. Line AP-1 ARKEL E-6 AP-1 ARKEL E-6

1 KS-156 -0.28 -0.31 0.58 0.17 -0.08 -0.10

2 KS-175 2.40** 0.29 2.11** 4.19** 3.11** 5.32**

3 KS-149 1.09* -0.78 -0.31 -0.04 -0.01 0.05 4 AP-5 -0.73 1.50** 0.23 -0.07 0.07 3.01**

5 AP-2 -0.39 0.06 0.33 0.18 -0.09 -0.09

6 AP-3 -0.27 -0.19 3.46** 5.13** 4.04** 0.08

7 KS-256 -0.12 3.29** -0.17 0.05 -0.15 0.10

8 KS-204 -0.25 0.07 0.18 2.05** 0.09 -0.14

9 KS-216 0.47 0.44 -0.91 -0.03 -0.01 3.50**

10 KS-205 0.47 -0.23 -0.24 -0.23 -0.11 0.34

11 KS-159 -0.15 -0.02 0.17 -0.04 0.06 -0.02

12 KS-150 0.56 -0.13 -0.43 3.11** 2.04** 0.07

Sij - (6) 0.86 (10) 0.44

Sij - Skl 1.80 0.92

Continue…

Continue…

S. No. Cross

Day to flowering

BP MP S. NoCross

BP MP

1 KS-156xAP-1 -2.92 -2.39 19 KS-256xAP-1 1.60 1.23

2 KS-156xARKEL 5.44** 4.47** 20 KS-256xARKEL 4.91** 4.70**

3 KS-156xE-6 -1.73 -2.93 21 KS-256xE-6 22.09** 20.74**

4 KS-175xAP-1 8.28** 8.43** 22 KS-204xAP-1 -3.16 -1.29

5 KS-175xARKEL -0.10 -0.63 23 KS-204xARKEL -2.53 0.98

6 KS-175xE-6 1.53 1.87 24 KS-204xE-6 21.52** 23.13**

7 KS-149xAP-1 0.19 0.31 25 KS-216xAP-1 -1.73 0.31

8 KS-149xARKEL 5.99** 5.00** 26 KS-216xARKEL 8.88** 8..53**

9 KS-149xE-6 17.96** 13.40** 27 KS-216xE-6 22.49** 21.87**

10 AP-5xAP-1 2.02 2.45 28 KS-205xAP-1 -1.97 -1.97

11 AP-5xARKEL 9.20** 8.56** 29 KS-205xARKEL 6.58** 5.02**

12 AP-5xE-6 1.69 1.47 30 KS-205xE-6 -0.39 -3.20

13 AP-2xAP-1 -0.98 -0.81 31 KS-159xAP-1 -0.79 -0.31

14 AP-2xARKEL 5.87** 5.46** 32 KS-159xARKEL -0.19 1.91

15 AP-2xE-6 2.03 2.21 33 KS-159xE-6 20.96** 20.38**

16 AP-3xAP-1 1.79 1.59 34 KS-150xAP-1 -0.11 -0.32

17 AP-3xARKEL 8.16** 9.31** 35 KS-150xARKEL 0.59 -1.30

18 AP-3xE-6 -1.00 -1.01 36 KS-150xE-6 6.58** 5.02**

(15) (14) SE 0.85 0.74

Estimation of better parents and mid parents’ heterosis in 36 F1 progenies

S. No. Cross

Day to maturityBP MP S. No. Cross BP MP

1 KS-156xAP-1 0.24 0.16 19 KS-256xAP-1 0.82 0.72

2KS-

156xARKEL 6.41** 6.85** 20 KS-256xARKEL 11.29** 11.81**

3 KS-156xE-6 9.29** 9.39** 21 KS-256xE-6 -1.17 1.71

4 KS-175xAP-1 4.54** 3.65** 22 KS-204xAP-1 5.99** 3.92**

5KS-

175xARKEL 8.31** 7.80** 23 KS-204xARKEL 8.99** 2.77**

6 KS-175xE-6 11.91** 12.09** 24 KS-204xE-6 11.99** 12.70**

7 KS-149xAP-1 5.63** 5.07** 25 KS-216xAP-1 0.34 0.63

8KS-

149xARKEL 1.46 1.83 26 KS-216xARKEL -1.26 -1.439 KS-149xE-6 1.94 1.10 27 KS-216xE-6 16.59** 12.36**

10 AP-5xAP-1 4.10** 4.91** 28 KS-205xAP-1 -1.60 -1.24

11 AP-5xARKEL 9.62** 5.31** 29 KS-205xARKEL 11.75** 12.53**12 AP-5xE-6 3.92** 3.50** 30 KS-205xE-6 -0.90 -0.7813 AP-2xAP-1 12.33** 13.71** 31 KS-159xAP-1 1.48 1.52

14 AP-2xARKEL 1.58 1.82 32 KS-159xARKEL 10.80** 10.00**15 AP-2xE-6 1.60 1.16 33 KS-159xE-6 1.47 1.4416 AP-3xAP-1 0.42 0.48 34 KS-150xAP-1 0.41 0.31

17 AP-3xARKEL -1.45 -1.49 35 KS-150xARKEL 11.40** 11.89**18 AP-3xE-6 10.56** 11.37** 36 KS-150xE-6 -1.68 -1.14

(19) (18) SE 1.02 0.88

Continue…

S. No. Cross

Plant height (cm)

BP MP SN Cross BP MP

1 KS-156xAP-1 10.63** 9.37** 19 KS-256xAP-1 0.35 0.26

2 KS-156xARKEL 28.70** 22.70** 20 KS-256xARKEL -0.21 -0.84

3 KS-156xE-6 1.25 1.96 21 KS-256xE-6 0.96 0.94

4 KS-175xAP-1 6.21** 5.36** 22 KS-204xAP-1 0.22 0.36


6 KS-175xE-6 0.24 0.49 24 KS-204xE-6 25.55** 25.30**

7 KS-149xAP-1 -1.63 -1.22 25 KS-216xAP-1 0.14 0.11

8 KS-149xARKEL 11.05** 11.03** 26 KS-216xARKEL 0.31 0.41

9 KS-149xE-6 5.05** 4.93** 27 KS-216xE-6 0.60 0.70

10 AP-5xAP-1 17.43** 14.40** 28 KS-205xAP-1 1.47 1.68


12 AP-5xE-6 0.78 0.07 30 KS-205xE-6 20.63** 23.55**

13 AP-2xAP-1 13.37** 16.34** 31 KS-159xAP-1 -2.99 -2.21

14 AP-2xARKEL -0.41 -0.53 32 KS-159xARKEL -1.92 -1.99

15 AP-2xE-6 1.23 1.34 33 KS-159xE-6 13.53** 18.83**

16 AP-3xAP-1 9.89** 8.08* 34 KS-150xAP-1 16.25** 15.17**

17 AP-3xARKEL 0.99 0.98 35 KS-150xARKEL -2.00** -1.15

18 AP-3xE-6 5.35** 5.49** 36 KS-150xE-6 28.78** 26.59**

(19) (18) SE 1.44 1.25

Continue…

S N Cross

Productive branches/plant

BP MPS.

No. Cross BP MP

1 KS-156xAP-1 30.56** 38.24** 19 KS-256xAP-1 27.89** 17.14**

2 KS-156xARKEL 31.11** 29.03** 20 KS-256xARKEL 2.63 21.88**3 KS-156xE-6 -2.78 -2.81 21 KS-256xE-6 -2.26 -2.03

4 KS-175xAP-1 5.71 10.45 22 KS-204xAP-1 -1.25 -1.09

5 KS-175xARKEL 2.86 18.03** 23 KS-204xARKEL 3.85 2.20

6 KS-175xE-6 30.00** 25.00** 24 KS-204xE-6 18.70** 13.64**7 KS-149xAP-1 28.12** 24.81** 25 KS-216xAP-1 2.37 2.458 KS-149xARKEL 17.69** 16.67** 26 KS-216xARKEL 17.69** 14.29**9 KS-149xE-6 1.55 1.98 27 KS-216xE-6 1.35 1.09

10 AP-5xAP-1 38.16** 30.86** 28 KS-205xAP-1 19.37** 13.73**11 AP-5xARKEL 30.00** 30.67** 29 KS-205xARKEL 27.69** 24.44**12 AP-5xE-6 1.12 1.43 30 KS-205xE-6 24.29** 20.00**13 AP-2xAP-1 2.70 1.14 31 KS-159xAP-1 1.37 1.4514 AP-2xARKEL -2.70 -1.29 32 KS-159xARKEL 3.85 2.0415 AP-2xE-6 18.11** 17.24** 33 KS-159xE-6 18.70** 13.64**16 AP-3xAP-1 22.38** 1.11 34 KS-150xAP-1 25.79** 25.71**17 AP-3xARKEL 16.45** 15.79** 35 KS-150xARKEL 25.26** 25.00**18 AP-3xE-6 23.23** 23.08** 36 KS-150xE-6 32.63** 32.20**

(21) (20) SE 0.14 0.12

Continue…

S. No. Cross

No. of pod/plant

BP MPS. No. Cross BP MP

1 KS-156xAP-1 67.05** 58.58** 19 KS-256xAP-1 0.57 0.21


3 KS-156xE-6 27.65** 25.89** 21 KS-256xE-6 43.24** 41.40**

4 KS-175xAP-1 64.72** 59.79** 22 KS-204xAP-1 2.05 2.56


6 KS-175xE-6 17.25** 16.52** 24 KS-204xE-6 1.24 1.51

7 KS-149xAP-1 42.40** 39.19** 25 KS-216xAP-1 1.45 1.43


9 KS-149xE-6 57.74** 52.18** 27 KS-216xE-6 0.03 0.21

10 AP-5xAP-1 56.50** 47.43** 28 KS-205xAP-1 0.03 0.29


12 AP-5xE-6 0.50 0.16 30 KS-205xE-6 -2.77 -1.1913 AP-2xAP-1 0.83 0.99 31 KS-159xAP-1 1.14 1.63

14 AP-2xARKEL 1.35 1.44 32 KS-159xARKEL 2.39 1.50

15 AP-2xE-6 0.52 1.05 33 KS-159xE-6 1.88 1.76

16 AP-3xAP-1 1.44 2.70 34 KS-150xAP-1 40.49** 35.51**

17 AP-3xARKEL 2.96 2.16 35 KS-150xARKEL 1.10 0.43

18 AP-3xE-6 2.02 11.50** 36 KS-150xE-6 46.49** 43.11**

(17) (16) SE 1.18 1.02

Continue…

S. No. Cross

Pod length (cm)


1 KS-156xAP-1 16.97** 13.97** 19 KS-256xAP-1 0.74 0.25

2 KS-156xARKEL 7.87** 8.04** 20 KS-256xARKEL -1.81 -1.32

3 KS-156xE-6 9.35** 9.80** 21 KS-256xE-6 16.50** 13.14**

4 KS-175xAP-1 0.74 11.74** 22 KS-204xAP-1 2.52 1.965 KS-175xARKEL 0.09 20.05** 23 KS-204xARKEL -0.15 -0.08

6 KS-175xE-6 0.12 0.08 24 KS-204xE-6 14.81** 12.48**7 KS-149xAP-1 1.04 1.70 25 KS-216xAP-1 1.77 1.55

8 KS-149xARKEL 1.88 1.52 26 KS-216xARKEL 19.45** 16.17**9 KS-149xE-6 0.72 0.87 27 KS-216xE-6 -1.69 -1.3710 AP-5xAP-1 1.78 1.29 28 KS-205xAP-1 14.67** 12.56**

11 AP-5xARKEL -1.36 -1.31 29 KS-205xARKEL -1.02 -0.9812 AP-5xE-6 0.25 0.16 30 KS-205xE-6 13.25** 10.70**13 AP-2xAP-1 14.67** 12.34** 31 KS-159xAP-1 2.70 1.59

14 AP-2xARKEL -0.51 -0.62 32 KS-159xARKEL 7.87** 8.68**15 AP-2xE-6 -0.25 -0.68 33 KS-159xE-6 0.07 0.8516 AP-3xAP-1 1.75 1.68 34 KS-150xAP-1 14.68** 16.54**

17 AP-3xARKEL -1.09 -1.07 35 KS-150xARKEL 14.76** 12.41**18 AP-3xE-6 -3.07 -2.42 36 KS-150xE-6 0.40 2.59

(13) (12) SE 0.18 0.15

Continue…

S. No. Cross

Pod Width (cm)


1 KS-156xAP-1 0.39 0.27 19 KS-256xAP-1 -2.12 -1.602 KS-156xARKEL -1.33 -1.24 20 KS-256xARKEL 12.33** 10.07**3 KS-156xE-6 0.24 0.16 21 KS-256xE-6 11.24** 9.13**4 KS-175xAP-1 6.08** 5.05** 22 KS-204xAP-1 3.14 2.415 KS-175xARKEL 7.58** 5.75** 23 KS-204xARKEL 13.95** 10.61**6 KS-175xE-6 9.09** 0.31 24 KS-204xE-6 12.44** 11.18**7 KS-149xAP-1 3.38 2.65 25 KS-216xAP-1 -1.22 -1.138 KS-149xARKEL 12.09** 10.55** 26 KS-216xARKEL 17.21** 15.81**9 KS-149xE-6 -1.48 -1.13 27 KS-216xE-6 -1.42 -1.1310 AP-5xAP-1 3.57 0.31 28 KS-205xAP-1 0.87 0.3811 AP-5xARKEL 7.67** 1.24 29 KS-205xARKEL -0.63 -0.4212 AP-5xE-6 2.66 2.53 30 KS-205xE-6 10.53** 9.35**13 AP-2xAP-1 3.36 2.62 31 KS-159xAP-1 -1.83 -1.3114 AP-2xARKEL 8.84** 6.70** 32 KS-159xARKEL 0.77 0.2415 AP-2xE-6 -1.97 -1.79 33 KS-159xE-6 -2.09 -1.8016 AP-3xAP-1 0.76 0.54 34 KS-150xAP-1 1.91 1.5117 AP-3xARKEL -1.65 -1.37 35 KS-150xARKEL 2.28 1.2318 AP-3xE-6 8.55** 6.21** 36 KS-150xE-6 13.37** 11.74**

(13) (11) SE 0.23 0.02

Continue…

S. No. Cross

Number of Seed/ Pod


1 KS-156xAP-1 3.05 2.57 19 KS-256xAP-1 -2.17 1.52

2 KS-156xARKEL 2.67 1.17 20 KS-256xARKEL -2.98 -2.57

3 KS-156xE-6 18.15** 16.74** 21 KS-256xE-6 1.84 1.30

4 KS-175xAP-1 0.08 0.64 22 KS-204xAP-1 -2.25 -1.325 KS-175xARKEL 7.83** 6.73** 23 KS-204xARKEL -2.92 -2.19

6 KS-175xE-6 9.00** 7.22** 24 KS-204xE-6 2.31 1.337 KS-149xAP-1 10.48** 9.45** 25 KS-216xAP-1 -0.17 0.888 KS-149xARKEL 2.22 1.24 26 KS-216xARKEL -0.83 -0.489 KS-149xE-6 0.96 0.42 27 KS-216xE-6 0.93 0.7610 AP-5xAP-1 15.83** 12.34** 28 KS-205xAP-1 15.83** 13.59**11 AP-5xARKEL 16.67** 13.26** 29 KS-205xARKEL 17.50** 14.54**12 AP-5xE-6 1.51 31.35** 30 KS-205xE-6 6.25** 5.26**13 AP-2xAP-1 20.42** 17.28** 31 KS-159xAP-1 -1.50 -1.3314 AP-2xARKEL 18.42** 16.80** 32 KS-159xARKEL -0.67 -0.4415 AP-2xE-6 3.13 2.20 33 KS-159xE-6 1.90 1.4716 AP-3xAP-1 9.65** 7.38** 34 KS-150xAP-1 2.67 2.1217 AP-3xARKEL 7.66** 6.43** 35 KS-150xARKEL 2.58 2.4618 AP-3xE-6 0.81 0.64 36 KS-150xE-6 13.85** 11.21**

(15) (14) SE 0.19 0.16

Continue…

S. No. Cross

100 seed weight (g)


1 KS-156xAP-1 2.71 1.24 19 KS-256xAP-1 10.86** 8.70**


3 KS-156xE-6 11.94** 9.54** 21 KS-256xE-6 -1.85 -1.13

4 KS-175xAP-1 16.81** 14.37** 22 KS-204xAP-1 16.81** 14.43**

5 KS-175xARKEL 1.81 1.22 23 KS-204xARKEL 14.76** 12.08**

6 KS-175xE-6 2.43 2.07 24 KS-204xE-6 21.24** 2.497 KS-149xAP-1 16.86** 14.14** 25 KS-216xAP-1 1.24 0.97

8 KS-149xARKEL 2.42 2.07 26 KS-216xARKEL -1.68 -1.589 KS-149xE-6 14.95** 12.94** 27 KS-216xE-6 1.72 1.7310 AP-5xAP-1 2.65 2.59 28 KS-205xAP-1 -2.32 -1.38

11 AP-5xARKEL 15.99** 12.87** 29 KS-205xARKEL -1.24 -0.1712 AP-5xE-6 18.03** 16.30** 30 KS-205xE-6 17.32** 14.30**13 AP-2xAP-1 22.16** 1.81 31 KS-159xAP-1 -1.10 -0.94

14 AP-2xARKEL 15.56** 14.95** 32 KS-159xARKEL -2.25 -1.7615 AP-2xE-6 16.38** 13.10** 33 KS-159xE-6 -257 -2.5416 AP-3xAP-1 -1.28 -0.49 34 KS-150xAP-1 13.09** 11.21**

17 AP-3xARKEL -1.53 0.79 35 KS-150xARKEL -0.69 -0.1718 AP-3xE-6 -2.82 -1.71 36 KS-150xE-6 -2.19 -1.54

(16) (14) SE 0.87 0.75

Continue…

S. No. Cross

Seed Yield/ Plant

BP MPS.

No. Cross BP MP

1 KS-156xAP-1 18.20** 17.19** 19 KS-256xAP-1 -0.30 -0.76


3 KS-156xE-6 34.08** 37.59** 21 KS-256xE-6 30.90** 26.39**

4 KS-175xAP-1 22.03** 14.98** 22 KS-204xAP-1 13.39** 15.71**


6 KS-175xE-6 33.43** 31.45** 24 KS-204xE-6 0.12 0.597 KS-149xAP-1 -1.65 -2.33 25 KS-216xAP-1 1.34 1.748 KS-149xARKEL 1.46 1.77 26 KS-216xARKEL 0.42 33.06**9 KS-149xE-6 21.04** 19.01** 27 KS-216xE-6 50.14** 42.78**10 AP-5xAP-1 15.43** 13.81** 28 KS-205xAP-1 30.05** 24.77**11 AP-5xARKEL -0.63 -0.23 29 KS-205xARKEL -0.29 -0.3412 AP-5xE-6 41.76** 35.11** 30 KS-205xE-6 51.67** 48.88**13 AP-2xAP-1 2.41 2.89 31 KS-159xAP-1 1.71 1.2614 AP-2xARKEL 16.21** 13.16** 32 KS-159xARKEL 31.15** 26.60**15 AP-2xE-6 30.34** 23.60** 33 KS-159xE-6 -0.05 -0.7416 AP-3xAP-1 0.26 0.94 34 KS-150xAP-1 1.20 33.56**

17 AP-3xARKEL 20.18** 19.94** 35 KS-150xARKEL 25.71** 17.28*818 AP-3xE-6 33.24** 30.40** 36 KS-150xE-6 35.14** 28.64**

(25) (23) SE 0.44 0.38

Continue…

Analysis of variance for all the genotypes in different characters indicating wide spectrum of variation.PCV and GCV were high (more than 25%) observed for plant height, number of pods per plant, pod length, number of seeds per pod, 100-seed weight and seed yield per plant.Moderate (10-25%) PCV and GCV was observed for productive branches per plant, days to flowering and days to maturity.Low (<10%) PCV and GCV was observed for pod width. High heritability (>60%) were observed for plant height, productive branches per plant, number of pods per plant, pod length, pod width, number of seeds per pod, 100- seed weight and seed yield per plant.

Conti…In general, high heritability coupled with high genetic advance were observed for, plant height, productive branches per plant, number of pods per plant, pod length, number of seed per pod, 100 seed weight and seed yield per plant showing the influence of additive gene action on these traits hence, may be useful for effective selection.

Seed yield exhibited significant and positive association with number of pods per plant followed by pod length, pod width, number of seed per pod, 100 seed weight at genotypic and phenotypic level. The present study on correlation indicated that higher seed yield can be obtained by increasing number of pods per plants, pod length, pod width, number of seed per pod and 100 seed weight.

Conti…Path coefficient analysis revealed high positive and direct influence of 100 seed weight followed by number of pods per plants, pod length, number of seed per pod and plant height. Indirect contributed towards seed yield mainly via pod length. Thus, effectiveness of selection for high seed yield could be enhanced by inclusion of pod length as a selection criterion along with the number of pods per plant and seeds per pod. Besides, selection on the basis of 100 seed weight and plant height can lead to considerable improvement of seed yield in garden pea.Among lines KS-156 and KS-256 were identified as good general combiner for all the characters.Line KS-175 for the characters plant height and number of pod per plant.

Conti…Line KS-149, AP-2, KS-205 and KS-150 for plant height, number of pods per plant, number of seed per pod, 100- seed weight and seed yield per plant.Line AP-5 are good general combiner for all the characters except productive branches per plant, number of seed per pod, pod length and pod width.Line AP-3 for days to flowering and days to maturity.Line KS-204 for number of pod per plant and number of seed per pod.Line KS-216 for days to maturity, plant height, number of pods per plant and seed yield per plant.Line KS-159 for plant height and number of seed per pod were identified as good general combiner.The crosses KS-175 X E-6 had the highest SCA for seed yield. Both the parents involved in these crosses is average general combiners, thus these crosses can be exploited for seed yield by heterosis breeding programme.

THANKS

Thesis Seminar

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