Thesis Final Draft4 Khumalo

8/9/2019 Thesis Final Draft4 Khumalo

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EMGS\NY 7

7!7 FA\YDLÊ\FDA

Bgav nedadbfu|u gyj~n |mg| fah`g|fda fu u|yfe|`v g bdan|gyv smnadbnada gal |mg|

fah`g|fda dee~yu zmna |mn yg|n dh jydz|m dh |mn bdanv u~ss`v fu mfjmny |mga |mn jydz|m

yg|n dh |mn nedadbv! \mfu fu |mn edaxna|fdag` bdan|gyfu| `fakgjn hydb |mn eyng|fda dh igun

bdanv |d fah`g|fda zmna |mn ena|yg` igak fuu~nu bdanv g| |mn yg|n |mg| n}ennlu |mn

lnbgal hdy egum ig`gaenu g| |mn n}fu|faj syfen `nxn`! \mn faeyngunl lnbgal fa |mn jddlu

bgykn| s~umnu ~s |mn syfen `nxn` gu |mn s~i`fe |yfnu |d jn| yfl dh f|u n}enuu egum md`lfaju!

F| fu |mn eda|na|fda dh |mnun nedadbfu|u |mg| |mn ena|yg` igak ega n`fbfag|n |mn `fak

in|znna i~ljn| lnhfef|u gal fah`g|fda iv ynh~ufaj |d bdan|fn |mn lnhfef|! Mfjmny lnhfef|

sd`fefnu bgv `ngl |d fah`g|fda fh |mn lnhfef| fu hfagaenl |myd~jm bdanv eyng|fda |md~jm

|mnv bgv gùd faeyngun syfen `nxn` nxna fh |mn lnhfef| fu hfagaenl |myd~jm |mn ug`n dh

idalu! I~| |mn yg|n bfjm| ad| in gu mfjm gu f| zd~`l in |mn egun zf|m bdanv eyng|fda! \mn

jdxnyabna| idyydzfaj ynw~fynbna| zf`` faeyngun |mn an| eynlf| fa |mn nedadbv, lyfxn ~s

|mn fa|nynu| yg|nu ynu~`|faj fa|d eydzlfaj d~| dh syfxg|n faxnu|bna|! \mn ynl~e|fda fa |mn

jydz|m yg|n dh |mn nedadbv zf`` `ngl |d g lneyngun fa |mn gbd~a| dh jddlu gxgf`gi`n hdy g

jfxna `nxn` dh egum ig`gaenu gal mnaen |mn faeyngun fa |mn syfen `nxn`!Ufaen |mn 76=3u, |mnyn mgu inna g jydzfaj edaunau~u da |mn fbsdy|gaen dh

bgeydnedadbfe u|gif`f|v gal b~em nbsmgufu zgu s`genl da syfen u|gif`f|v gal n}emgajn

yg|n u|gif`f|v! Syfen u|gif`f|v fa Ud~|m Ghyfeg ynbgfau |mn dxnyyflfaj `daj"|nyb dione|fxn

hdy bdan|gyv sd`fev! Mdznxny, i~ljn| lnhfef|u unnb |d lfu|~yi |mn nedadbv fa |mg| |mnv

`ngl |d fah`g|fda fh bdan|fnl! I~ljn| lnhfef| dee~yu fh |mn jdxnyabna| fu hdyenl |d usnal

invdal f|u |g} ynxna~n! Fa dylny |d e`ngy |mn lnhfef| |mn jdxnyabna| annlu |d nf|mny idyydz

dy eyng|n bdanv, i~| ~alny eny|gfa edalf|fdau -n!j! fa g jydzfaj nedadbv& eyng|fda dh

bdanv `nglu |d unfjafdygjn ynxna~n! @nnsny -7667& lnueyfinu g uf|~g|fda zmnyn hfueg`

lnhfef|u fbs`v |mg| fah`g|fda zf`` nxna|~g``v dee~y gu |mn dan zmnyn |mnyn fu ga ge|fxn hfueg`

sd`fev gal g sguufxn bdan|gyv sd`fev! U~em g uf|~g|fda fu gùd lnueyfinl gu g hfueg`

ldbfagaen! Zf|m hfueg` ldbfagaen, ga faeyngun fa jdxnyabna| lni| zf` nxna|~g``v

ynw~fyn ga faeyngun fa unfjafdygjn! G eda|yge|fdagyv bdan|gyv sd`fev gfbnl g| sydl~efaj

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`dzny fah`g|fda zf`` faf|fg``v `dzny unfjafdygjn ynxna~n gal ynw~fynu |mg| gllf|fdag` lni|

in fuu~nl! \mfu ~`|fbg|n`v `nglu |d mfjmny fah`g|fda! Fh |mn hfueg` g~|mdyf|v ldnu ad| glo~u|,

|mn bdan|gyv g~|mdyf|v zf`` in hdyenl nxna|~g``v fa|d sydl~efaj mfjmny fah`g|fda!

\mn `duu dh s~i`fe edahflnaen fa bdan|gyv dy n}emgajn yg|n |gyjn|faj ynjfbnu mgu

hdyenl igaku |d `ddk hdy g eynlfi`n adbfag` gaemdy! Fa |mfu eda|n}|, bgav ed~a|yfnu mgxn

ynena|`v glds|nl n}s`fef| fah`g|fda |gyjn|faj gu |mnfy bdan|gyv sd`fev ynjfbn! Ud~|m Ghyfeg

fu hd``dzfaj |mfu n}gbs`n, gu |mn ynunyxn igak s~|u fa s`gen gu ygsfl`v gu hngufi`n g hdybg`

fah`g|fda |gyjn|faj hygbnzdyk! Syfen u|gif`f|v fa gav nedadbv lnsnalu ud`n`v da |mn

ena|yg` igak falnsnalnaen gal |mn hfagaefg` bgykn| lnxn`dsbna|! Fh |mn ena|yg` igak fu

ad| falnsnalna| nad~jm |d i`dek d~| |mn n}|nyag` hdyenu |mg| zd~`l edbsn` f| |d eyng|n

bdanv ud gu |d hfagaen |mn lnhfef|, |mna |mn ed~a|yv fu `fkn`v |d n}snyfnaen mfjm fah`g|fda!

\mfu |mnynhdyn u~jjnu|u |mg| fah`g|fda bgagjnbna| `fnu fa |mn mgalu dh |mn ynunyxn igak

-ena|yg` igak& gal |mn hfagaefg` bgykn|!

7!9 IGEKJYD^AL

J`dig` edau~bny syfen fah`g|fda geen`nyg|nl xnyv `f||`n fa |mn vngy 9335 gal |mfu

iyd~jm| udbn edaenya ynjgylfaj |mn yfun fa |mn i~ljn| lnhfef| gal |mn fa|nyag|fdag` df`

syfenu! G`bdu| g`` ed~a|yfnu n}snyfnaen |mn sydi`nb dh mfjm i~ljn| lnhfef| guudefg|nl zf|m

mfjm fah`g|fda! F| fu fa ygyn egunu |mg| g sgy|fe~`gy ed~a|yv zf`` mgxn g ig`gaenl i~ljn|! Fh

jdxnyabna|u usnalfaj n}ennlu f|u ynxna~n, |mn ynu~`|faj lnhfef| mgu |d in hfagaenl nf|mny

|myd~jm idyydzfaj dy |myd~jm fuu~faj dh bdanv! Idyydzfaj iv |mn jdxnyabna| fu `fbf|nl

iv |mn s~i`feu egsgef|v dy zf``fajanuu |d md`l gllf|fdag` jdxnyabna| lni| gal bdan|gyv

n}sgaufda `nglu |d fah`g|fda!

\mn Ud~|m Ghyfega Ynunyxn Igak -7668& mgu g||yfi~|nl |mn u`dz"ldza fa fah`g|fda

l~yfaj |mn hfyu| mg`h dh |mn 7663u |d |mn edaufu|na| gss`feg|fda dh edaunyxg|fxn bdan|gyv

sd`fev ufaen |mn `g|n 76=3u gal |mn fbsge| dh |mn lygza d~| ynenuufda dh 76=6"7665 da

fah`g|fda n}sne|g|fdau gal zgjn un||`nbna|u! \mnun hge|dyu znyn u~ssdy|nl iv |mn yn`g|fxn

syfen u|gif`f|v fa Ud~|m Ghyfegu bgfa |yglfaj sgy|any ed~a|yfnu gal g udbnzmg| bdyn

u|gi`n n}emgajn yg|n dh |mn Ygal! L~yfaj |mn sgu| hd~y lneglnu fah`g|fda fa Ud~|m Ghyfeg

un`ldb na|nynl |mn bdlnyg|n ygajn, lnhfanl iv Ldyai~uem gal Hfuemny -7665& gu

snyufu|na| gaa~g` yg|nu dh syfen faeyngunu ygajfaj in|znna 7> gal 53.! \gi`n 7!9

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sydxflnu g edbsgyfuda dh fah`g|fda yg|nu fa Ud~|m Ghyfeg gal f|u bgfa |yglfaj sgy|anyu!

\mn |gi`n umdzu |mg| |mn fah`g|fda yg|n fa Ud~|m Ghyfeg ynbgfau edauflnygi`v mfjmny |mga

|mn fah`g|fda yg|nu dh |mn ed~a|yvu bgfa |yglfaj sgy|anyu!

\GI@N 7!9? FAH@G\FDA FA UD^\M GHYFEG GAL F\U BGODY \YGLFAJ

SGY\ANYU

Ed~a|yv Gxnygjn gaa~g` yg|n-.&

76=3"7663 7663"766=

Ud~|m Ghyfeg 7

\yglfaj sgy|anyu

Jnybgav 9!> 9!!= 9!6

âf|nl U|g|nu dh Gbnyfeg -ÛG&

Ud~yen? Zdy`l Igak -9337g, 9337i&

Fah`g|fda fu n}synuunl gu |mn gaa~g` snyena|gjn emgajn fa |mn edau~bny syfen faln}

-ESF&! Fah`g|fda zgu yn`g|fxn`v `dz ~a|f` |mn ngy`v 76:3u, gxnygjfaj 9!>. l~yfaj |mn

7683u! F| u~iunw~na|`v geen`nyg|nl gal na|nynl |mn ld~i`n"lfjf| ygajn fa 76:5! L~yfaj |mn

76:3u, |mn gxnygjn fah`g|fda yg|n zgu 73!5.! Gh|ny g snyfdl dh yn`g|fxn u|gif`f|v gyd~al g

`nxn` dh 77. fa |mn `g|n 76:3u, fah`g|fda ydun gjgfa fa |mn ngy`v 76=3u! \mn 76=3u znyn

emgyge|nyfunl iv mfjm, i~| yn`g|fxn`v u|gi`n yg|nu dh fah`g|fda ygajfaj hydb 77!> |d 7=!8.!

\mn gxnygjn fah`g|fda yg|n hdy |mn lnegln zgu 7

|mn ngy`v sgy| dh |mn 7663u! Gh|ny sngkfaj fa 76=8, |mn yg|n dh fah`g|fda injga lneyngufaj

gal fa 7665 f| lydssnl |d inang|m 73.! F| u~iunw~na|`v lneyngunl h~y|mny |d >!9. fa

7666! Da gxnygjn, edau~bny syfenu ydun iv 6!5. l~yfaj |mn 7663u! Bdanv u~ss`v gal

i~ljn| lnhfef| znyn unna |d in faeyngufaj fa |mdun vngyu! Gu i~ljn| lnhfef| faeyngunl

bdanv u~ss`v gùd faeyngunl, zmfem bfjm| sydxfln ga falfeg|fda |mg| |mn lnhfef| zgu

bdan|fnl gal |mg| ynu~`|nl fa|d fah`g|fda!

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7!5 U\G\NBNA\ DH \MN SYDI@NB

Ud~|m Ghyfegu m~jn i~ljn| lnhfef|u |d hfagaen f|u a~bnyd~u s~i`fe une|dy

~alny|gkfaju gal snyufu|na| mfjm fah`g|fda yg|nu fa |mn `gu| |zd lneglnu mgxn da`v eyng|nl

bguufxn sdxny|v gal g sd|na|fg``v n}s`dufxn udefdnedadbfe naxfydabna|! \mn ed~a|yvu

lfubg` nedadbfe snyhdybgaen ygfunu fa |mn bfalu dh ldbnu|fe sd`fev bgknyu gu zn`` gu

hdynfja glxfudyu |mn igufe w~nu|fda dh mdz |d eda|yd` fah`g|fda gal |mnyniv iyfaj igek |mn

nedadbv fa|d |ygek! \mn yn`g|fdaumfs in|znna |mn |zd xgyfgi`nu -i~ljn| lnhfef|u gal

fah`g|fda& adz iyfaju ~u igek |d |mn e`guufe sd`fev lnig|n in|znna |mn Knvanufgau gal |mn

bdan|gyfu|u! \mn hdybny zd~`l gyj~n hdy lygu|fe ynl~e|fda fa Ud~|m Ghyfegu i~ljn|,

zmnyngu |mn bdan|gyfu| zd~`l nbsmgufn da u|yfajna| eda|yd` dxny |mn ed~a|yvu bdanv

u~ss`v!

Ud~|m Ghyfeg n}snyfnaenl g bguufxn i~ljn| lnhfef|, mfjm jydz|m yg|nu dh bdanv

geedbsgafnl iv mfjm yg|n dh fah`g|fda! F| fu in`fnxnl |mg| |mn mfjm yg|n dh fah`g|fda |mg| zgu

n}snyfnaenl fa 768: zgu l~n |d |mn faeyngunl `nxn` dh i~ljn| lnhfef|! JLS g`ud hn`` iv 9

~af|u hydb < snyena| -FHU, 933!9 snyena| zgu ynjfu|nynl fa 7666

zf|m |mn lnhfef| u|galfaj g| 9!= snyena|, i~| fa |mn hd``dzfaj vngy fah`g|fda zgu >!5 zmf`n

i~ljn| lnhfef| zgu g| >!< snyena| -FHU 933


5/49

7!< DIONE\FXNU DH \MN U\^LV

\mfu u|~lv iydgl`v gfbu g| faxnu|fjg|faj |mn yn`g|fdaumfs in|znna i~ljn| lnhfef|,

bdanv jydz|m gal fah g|fda fa Ud~|m Ghyfeg dxny |mn snyfdl 76:>"9335! Usnefhfe

dione|fxnu gyn?\d faxnu|fjg|n |mn eg~ug` lfyne|fda in|znna fah`g|fda, bdanv jydz|m gal

i~ljn| lnhfef| gal |d nxg`~g|n |mn yn`g|fdaumfs in|znna fah g|fda gal i~ljn| lnhfef|

fah`g|fda gal bdanv jydz|m!

7!> MVSD\MNUNU \D IN \NU\NL

\mn mvsd|mnunu |d in |nu|nl gyn u|g|nl gu hd``dzu

\mnyn fu g sduf|fxn yn`g|fdaumfs in|znna fah`g|fda gal i~ljn| lnhfef|u gu ubg``

lnhfef|u ega mn`s |d eda|yd` fah`g|fda gal gxdfl ig`gaen dh sgvbna| sydi`nbu!

\mnyn fu g`ud g sduf|fxn yn`g|fdaumfs in|znna fah`g|fda gal bdanv jydz|m gu hdy |mn

e`guufeg`fu| sdfa| dh xfnz gal |mn bdanyg|fu|u hdyb~`g|fda!

7!8 O^U\FHFEG\FDA DH \MN U\^LV

Bgfa|gfafaj i~ljn| lfuefs`fan unalu ufjag` |mg| |mn ena|yg` jdxnyabna| fu |mn dan

da eda|yd`! \mn sg||nya dy |ynal fa jdxnyabna| usnalfaj gu g snyena|gjn dh JLS gal |mn

`nxn` dh usnalfaj gyn eyf|feg` hge|dyu fa eyng|faj g u|gi`n naxfydabna| hdy lnxn`dsbna|!

\mn Ud~|m Ghyfega bdan|gyv g~|mdyf|v, |mn Ynunyxn Igak fa f|u ge|fdau da |mn bdan|gyv

sd`fev |d bgfa|gfa nedadbfe u|gif`f|v fa |mn nedadbv!

Unxnyg` hge|dyu mgxn fah ~naenl |mn emdfen dh Ud~|m Ghyfeg! Hfyu|, xnyv `f||`n

nbsfyfeg` faxnu|fjg|fdau mgxn inna ldan zf|m ynusne| |d |mn `fak in|znna |mnun |mynn

xgyfgi`nu gal ineg~un dh |mn lnxn`dsnl ag|~yn dh |mn hfagaefg` bgykn| gu edbsgynl |d

d|mny Ghyfega ed~a|yfnu! Bdyndxny, n}fu|naen dh lnxn`dsnl hfagaefg` bgykn|u fa Ud~|m

Ghyfeg bgknu f| yn`g|fxn`v ngufny |d egyyv d~| g u|~lv dh |mfu ag|~yn! \mn u|~lv zf`` sydxfln

kadz`nljn |dzgylu ~alnyu|galfaj |mn yn`g|fdaumfs in|znna i~ljn| lnhfef|, bdanv jydz|m

gal fah`g|fda fa Ud~|m Ghyfeg!

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EMGS\NY 9

9!3 @F\NYG\^YN YNXFNZ

\mfu une|fda lfue~uunu |mn yn`g|nl `f|nyg|~yn da |mn u~ione|! Zn n}s`dyn id|m |mn

|mndyn|feg` gal nbsfyfeg` `f|nyg|~yn! ^alny |mn |mndyn|feg` `f|nyg|~yn zn n}s`dyn mdz |mn

ynusne|fxn xgyfgi`nu na|ny |mn bdln`, |m~u mn`su |d ln|nybfan |mn bgfa ln|nybfaga|u dh

fah`g|fda! \mn nbsfyfeg` `f|nyg|~yn sydxflnu g u~bbgyv dh n}fu|faj u|~lfnu da |mn u~ione|!

\mn |mndyn|feg` `f|nyg|~yn une|fda lnbdau|yg|nu mdz bdanv jydz|m gal i~ljn| lnhfef|u

ghhne| fah`g|fda!

9!7! \MNDYN\FEG@ @F\NYG\^YN

\mn |g} e~| gal |mn g||nalga| faeyngun fa |mn lnhfef| mgxn |zd bgody u|fb~`g|fxn

nhhne|u! Hfyu|, |mn |g} e~| faeyngunu lfusdugi`n faedbn! Unedal, fh |mn lnhfef| fu faeyngunl,

|mnyn fu ga faeyngun fa an| syfxg|n une|dy hfagaefg` guun|u! \mfu hd``dzu hydb |mn

nw~f`fiyf~b edalf|fda

\UJF +2+ -9!7!7&zmfem ega in zyf||na gu

FU\J 2 -9!7!9&

zmnyn F fu faxnu|bna|, J fu jdxnyabna| usnalfaj, U fu ag|fdag` ugxfaj gal \ fu |mn

|g} ynxna~n!

\J fu |mn jdxnyabna| lnhfef|! \mn u|fb~`g|fxn nhhne| dh |mn |g} e~| gal lnhfef|

faeyngun fu ynsynuna|nl iv ga ~szgyl umfh| dh |mn FU e~yxn! \mn n}sgaufdagyv nhhne| dh |mn

umfh| fa FU e~yxn zf`` lnsnal da zmn|mny |mn @B e~yxn umfh|u dy ad|! \mn bdxnbna| dh |mn

@B e~yxn zf`` lnsnal da mdz |mn lnhfef| fu hfagaenl! Fh gllf|fdag` ynunyxnu sydxflnl |d

|mn edbbnyefg` igaku gyn eyng|nl, |mn bdanv u~ss`v faeyngunu gal |mn @B umfh|u |d yfjm|,

gllfaj |d |mn n}sgaufdagyv nhhne| dh |mn lnhfef|! \mfu ~`|fbg|n`v `nglu |d g yfun fa |mn

jnanyg` syfen `nxn` -Iygauda, 76=6&

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Ngem jdxnyabna| mgu f|u i~ljn| edau|ygfa|; f| mgu |d sgv f|u if`ù o~u| `fkn

falfxfl~gù md~unmd`lu ld! F| naodvu |mn |zd ds|fdau dh sgvfaj f|u if`ù! F| ygfunu ynxna~n

iv `nxvfaj |g}nu dy jdfaj fa|d lni| iv fuu~faj jdxnyabna| idalu! Zgvu dh hfagaefaj

jdxnyabna| usnalfaj gyn zn`` lnhfanl iv ga n}synuufda kadza gu |mn jdxnyabna| i~ljn|

edau|ygfa|? zmfem u|g|nu |mg| jdxnyabna| i~ljn| lnhfef| -IL& zmfem fu nw~g` |d |mn n}enuu

dh jdxnyabna| usnalfaj -J& dxny |g} ynxna~n -\& b~u| nw~g` |mn u~b dh emgajnu fa |mn

bdan|gyv igun - BI & gal |mn emgajn fa jdxnyabna| idalu mn`l iv |mn s~i`fe - &I !

G`jniygfeg``v, zn ega zyf|n?

IBI\JIL +22 -9!7!5&

\mn jdxnyabna|u edau|ygfa| ynxngù |zd hge|u! Fh |mn jdxnyabna| lnhfef| fu

hfagaenl iv ga faeyngun fa idal md`lfaj iv |mn s~i`fe, |mnyn fu ad nhhne| da |mn bdan|gyv

igun gal mnaen da |mn bdanv u~ss`v! I~| fh |mn lnhfef| fu ad| hfagaenl iv faeyngunl idal

md`lfaju iv |mn s~i`fe, |mn bdan|gyv igun gal |mn bdanv u~ss`v faeyngun! \mfu idfù

ldza |d fah`g|fda fh |mn w~ga|f|v |mndyv md`lu! Hfagaefaj g snyufu|na| lnhfef| iv bdanv

eyng|fda zf`` `ngl |d g u~u|gfanl fah`g|fda -Bfumkfa 766:&! Fh f| fu |nbsdygyv, f| zd~`l ad|

sydl~en fah`g|fda! Fa |mn snyfdl zmna |mn lnhfef| dee~yu, |mnyn zf`` in ga faeyngun fa

bdanv |d hfagaen f|, gal |mn ynu~`|faj yfjm|zgyl umfh| dh |mn gjjynjg|n lnbgal e~yxn zf``

ygfun |mn syfen `nxn`! \mfu |n`ù ~u |mg| g lnhfef| ega in g ud~yen dh g u~u|gfanl fah`g|fda

da`v fh f| fu snyufu|na| yg|mny |mga |nbsdygyv gal fh |mn jdxnyabna| hfagaenu f| iv eyng|faj

bdanv yg|mny |mga iv fuu~faj idalu |d |mn s~i`fe!

â`fkn Bfumkfau synuna|g|fda, Bn|fa -7666& guu~bnu |mg| g`` s~i`fe lni| |gknu

|mn hdyb dh ada"fa|nynu| ingyfaj bdanv! \mn s~i`fe une|dy i~ljn| flna|f|v fu |mna

M\J 2 -9!7!&

zmnyn J fu |mn s~i`fe une|dy n}snalf|~yn, \ fu |mn s~i`fe une|dy ynxna~nu, V fu |mn yng`

faedbn, S fu |mn syfen `nxn` gal M fu |mn igun bdanv! Fa g u|nglv u|g|n jydzfaj nedadbv,

f| hd``dzu |mg|

2

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&-/ VSMSV

M+

2

-9!7!8&

Zmnyn fu |mn lfhhnynaen dsnyg|dy;M/, Sgal V gyn ueg`nl igun bdanv

SV

M ,

fah`g|fda gal |mn jydz|m yg|n dh yng` faedbn ynusne|fxn`v! F| fu guu~bnl |mg| |mn `daj y~a

faedbn n`gu|fef|v dh bdanv fu ~af|v! \mna |mn ufbs`fhfnl edau|ygfa| fu

&-//&- VSMSV

\JM +

2

-9!7!:&

Zmna ud`xnl hdy S zn mgxn

2S e VI + 97

-9!7!=&

ZmnynI fu |mn ueg`nl i~ljn| lnhfef|

M

\J, e fu |mn edau|ga| |nyb fa|nysyn|gi`n gu |mn

fany|fg` fah`g|fda yg|n gal 7 gal 9 gyn u`dsn ednhhfefna|u guudefg|nl zf|m |mn ueg`nl

i~ljn| lnhfef| gal |mn faedbn jydz|m! \mfu adz u|g|nu |mg| fah`g|fda fu n}s`gfanl iv igun

bdanv, i~ljn| lnhfef| gal yng` faedbn jydz|m!

Ugyjna| gal Zg``gen -76=7& sydsdunl ga gag`v|feg` hygbnzdyk, zmnyn unfjafdygjn

guu~bnu |mn ena|yg` yd`n hdy lnhfef| hfagaen! \mfu sydsduf|fda xfnzu |mn yn`g|fda igufeg``v

gu g jgbn in|znna |mn hfueg` gal |mn bdan|gyv g~|mdyf|fnu! ^alny |mn guu~bs|fda |mg| |mn

hfueg` g~|mdyf|v fu |mn hfyu| |d bgkn g bdxn, |mn bdan|gyv g~|mdyf|v fu `nh| zf|m g lfhhfe~`|

emdfen fa dylny |d ig`gaen |mn fa|ny|nbsdyg` i~ljn|! F| nf|mny `dunu f|u sd`fev fa |mn umdy|"

y~a |d gxdfl mfjm fah`g|fda fa |mn `daj"y~a, dy |fjm|nau f|u sd`fev |dlgv g| |mn n}snaun dh

ga fanxf|gi`n h~|~yn faeyngun fa fah`g|fda! \mn i~ljn| lnhfef| faeyngunu gal nxna|~g``v bgv

inedbn ~au~u|gfagi`n! Fa u~b, g hfueg` ldbfaga| ynjfbn fbs fnu ~agxdflgi`v g sduf|fxn

fa|ny|nbsdyg` edyyn`g|fda in|znna lnhfef|u gal fah`g|fda, zf|m eg~ug|fda y~aafaj syfbgyf`v

hydb lnhfef|u |d fah`g|fda -Ugyjna| gal Zg``gen 76=7&

Gad|mny gssydgem gyj~nu |mg| |mn bgfa emgaan` fu |mn nhhne| dh fah`g|fda da |mn yng`

xg`~n dh |mn u|dek dh lni| gal da |mn yng` fa|nynu| yg|n! Zmf`n Ugyjna| gal Zg``gen -76=7&

ugz |mnfy gssydgem gu ga nedadbfe sd`fev jgbn in|znna hfueg` gal bdan|gyv g~|mdyf|fnu,

Knvanu -76:7& ynjgylnl |mfu gssydgem gu g udefg` jgbn in|znna yna|fnyu gal zdyknyu!

6


10/49

Udefn|v ldnu ad| |d`nyg|n nxny"faeyngufaj |g}nu, gal |mnynhdyn, d|mny zgvu u~em gu

fah`g|fda b~u| in edauflnynl |d ynl~en |mn gee~b~`g|nl u|dek dh lni|! Geedylfaj |d |mfu

gag`vufu, eg~ug|fda y~au hydb i~ljn| lnhfef|u |d fah`g|fda!

D|mny `nuu ynhnyynl emgaanù ega in flna|fhfnl gal dan dh |mnb fu |mn zng`|m nhhne|,

g lnbgal ufln nhhne| zmfem zgu fa|ydl~enl iv Sg|fakfa -768>&! \mfu sdu|~`g|nu |mg| |mn

yfun fa |mn yng` xg`~n dh |mn u|dek dh idalu faeyngunu snyenfxnl syfxg|n zng`|m gal

|mnynhdyn usnalfaj, `nglfaj |d fah`g|fda! \mnyn bgv gùd in g u~ss`v"ufln nhhne| |myd~jm

|mn edu| dh hge|dyu; g lnhfef| eg~unl iv ga faeyngun fa eny|gfa s~i`fe n}snalf|~ynu bgv

g~jbna| |mn lnbgal hdy uegyen ynud~yenu, faeyngufaj |mnfy edu|! \mnun |zd nhhne|u bgv in

ynjgylnl gu ada"bdan|fg|fda nhhne|u dh |mn lnhfef|! \mn zng`|m nhhne| zgu lnafnl iv

Igyydu Yfegylfga Nw~fxg`naen sydsduf|fda! Igyyd -76:6& hde~unl da |mn sduf|fxn

yn`g|fdaumfs in|znna n}sne|nl fah`g|fda gal i~ljn| lnhfef|u! \mn bdanyg|fu| mvsd|mnufu fu

zn` u~ssdy|nl iv |mn Yfegylfga nw~fxg`naen mvsd|mnufu! Zf|m hf}nl |fbn sg|mu dh

jdxnyabna| usnalfaj gal bdanv eyng|fda, gav idal"hfagaenl emgajn fa e~yyna| |g}nu

fbs`fnu emgajnu fa h~|~yn fa|nynu| sgvbna|u |d in bgln iv |mn jdxnyabna|! Fh |mnun gyn |d

in hfagaenl iv `~bs"u~b |g}nu, gal fh |mn jdxnyabna| gal syfxg|n gjna|u hgen |mn ugbn

bgykn| fa|nynu| yg|nu, |mna |mn emgajn zf`` mgxn ad nhhne| da g ynsynuna|g|fxn syfxg|n

gjna|u fa|ny|nbsdyg` i~ljn| edau|ygfa|! âlny u~em edalf|fdau, |mna g idal"hfagaenl

emgajn fa |g}nu zf`` mgxn ad nhhne| da |mn gjna|u u~ss`fnu gal lnbgalu gal edaunw~na|`v

ad nhhne| da |mn syfen `nxn ! Yfegylfga nw~fxg`naen u|g|nu |mg| idal"hfagaenl lnhfef|u gyn

adafah`g|fdagyv! Geedylfaj |d |mfu mvsd|mnufu mfjmny fah`g|fda n}sne|g|fdau fbs`v mfjmny

yng` fa|nynu| yg|nu gal |mnynhdyn mfjmny lni| unyxfen edu|!

\mndyfnu dh bdanv ld u|g|n |mn yn`g|fdaumfs in|znna bdanv gal |mn syfen `nxn`!

Zn zf`` |mnynhdyn |~ya |d udbn lfhhnyna| |mndyfnu dh bdanv! Hfyu| zn u|gy| zf|m |mn

e`guufeg` |mndyv dh bdanv, zmfem lg|nu igek fa |mn nfjm|nna|m ena|~yv dy nxna ngy`fny! \mn

bgfa |nan| dh |mfu uemdd` fu Fyxfa Hfumny! Fa |mfu uemdd` g ufbs`n nw~g|fda dy flna|f|v fu

~unl |d umdz |mn yn`g|fdaumfs in|znna bdanv u~ss`v gal |mn syfen `nxn`! U~em |mndyv fu

ynhnyynl |d gu |mn w~ga|f|v |mndyv dh bdanv! F| fbs`fnu |mg| |mn jnanyg` syfen `nxn` -S& fa

|mn nedadbv lnsnalu da |mn u~ss`v dh bdanv -B&! \mn bdyn |mn w~ga|f|v dh bdanv zn

mgxn, |mn mfjmny zf`` in |mn syfen `nxn`! Zmg| fu glxdeg|nl fa |mfu |mndyv fu |mg| fah`g|fda fu

eg~unl iv g yfun fa bdanv u~ss`v! F| zgu hydb |mn gag`vufu dh mfu|dyfeg` n}snyfnaen |mg|

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11/49

|mn fah`~naen dh bdanv da syfenu zgu lnl~enl! Gbdaj |mdun zmd edaena|yg|nl da |mn

`fak in|znna bdanv gal |mn syfen `nxn` zgu Onga Idlfa! Mn g||nbs|nl |d n}s`gfa |mn

ynxd`~|fda zmfem uzns| |myd~jm N~ydsn gh|ny |mn Usgafum fa|ydl~enl jyng|ny w~ga|f|fnu dh

jd`l gal uf`xny fa|d |mg| eda|fana| hydb |mn Gbnyfega ed`dafnu fa |mn uf}|nna|m ena|~yv!

Hfumny gu fa @gfl`ny -7665& ~unl g ufbs`n gag`vufu zf|m g ufbs`n flna|f|v! Mfu

ynbgyk ynjgylfaj |mn nhhne| dh bdanv da edbbdlf|v syfenu zgu lnl~enl hydb |mg|

flna|f|v, zmfem gyfunu hydb |mn ge| dh n}emgajn! Ga ge| dh ug`n dy n}emgajn b~u|

naedbsguu id|m |mn s~yemgunu gal ug`n zf|m |zd sgy|fnu fa g |ygauge|fda! \mn |d|g` xg`~n

dh g`` s~yemgunu gyn nw~g` |d |mn gxnygjn u|dek dh bdanv -B& b~`|fs`fnl iv |mn gxnygjn

a~biny dh |fbnu |mg| bdanv u|dek zgu |~yanl dxny -X& dy usna| hdy jddlu gal unyxfenu! Fa

|mfu zgv, BX ynsynuna|u |mn |d|g` s~yemgunu bgln l~yfaj g eny|gfa snyfdl dh |fbn

-Bgkfana, 76::&! \mfu b~u| in nw~g` |d |mn xd`~bn dh |ygauge|fdau -\& b~`|fs`fnl iv |mn

syfen `nxn` -S&! \m~u |mn flna|f|v ega in zyf||na gu?

S\XB \u

-9!7!6&

Gu hdy Hfumny |mn xg`~n dh |ygauge|fdau -\& zgu lfhhfe~`| |d bngu~yn, gal |mn

w~ga|f|v |mndyv zgu hdyb~`g|nl fa |nybu dh gjjynjg|n d~|s~|! \ fu guu~bnl |d in

sydsdy|fdag` |d Vu~em |mg| V\ 2 ! Fh 72 , |mna V\ 2 ,|m~u |mn nw~g|fda dh n}emgajn

adz inedbnuSVXB \u 2

-9!7!73&

Hfumnyu xfnz |mg| xn`def|v fu hgfy`v edau|ga| fa |mn umdy|"y~a |ygauhdybu |mn

nw~g|fda dh n}emgajn fa|d |mn w~ga|f|v |mndyv dh bdanv! Ineg~un |mn e`guufeg` nedadbfu|u

|md~jm| |mg| zgjnu gal syfenu znyn edbs`n|n`v h`n}fi`n, |mnv in`fnxnl |mg| |mn `nxn` dh

gjjynjg|n d~|s~| -V& sydl~enl fa |mn nedadbv l~yfaj adybg` |fbnu zd~`l ynbgfa g| |mn

h~`` nbs`dvbna| `nxn`, ud V fa |mn nw~g|fda dh n}emgajn ed~`l in |yng|nl gu edau|ga| fa

|mn umdy|"y~a -Bfumkfa,766:&! \mfu |mnynhdyn fbs`fnu |mg| fh B ld~i`nu, S b~u| g`ud

ld~i`n fa |mn umdy|"y~a ineg~un Xgal Vgyn edau|ga|! Hdy |mn |nana|u dh |mfu |mndyv, |mfu

|mndyv sydxflnu n}s`gag|fda dh bdxnbna|u fa |mn syfen `nxn`, bdxnbna|u fa |mn syfen

`nxn` ynu~`| ud`n`v hydb emgajnu fa |mn w~ga|f|v dh bdanv!

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12/49

\mn `daj"y~a nhhne| dh ga faeyngun fa bdanv u~ss`v mn`su fa lnhfafaj |mn

fah`g|fdagyv sydenuu ~alny |mn e`guufeg` uemdd`! \mn faeyngun fa bdanv u~ss`v fu guu~bnl

|d edbn gid~| xfg |mn edbbnyefg` igakfaj une|dy! Jfxna |mg| |mn n}enuu ynunyxnu dh |mnun

igaku faeyngun, |mn igak knnsu da `nalfaj d~| |mn ynunyxnu iv i~vfaj idalu gal

u~ss`vfaj anz bdanv |d |mn bgykn| hdy `dgagi`n h~alu! \mfu sydenuu dh i~vfaj idalu iv

edbbnyefg` igaku mn`su ~u ynbnbiny mdz u~em igaku eyng|n bdanv! \mn faeyngun fa |mn

u~ss`v dh `dgagi`n h~alu zf`` |mna lyfxn ldza adbfag` fa|nynu| yg|n! \mn `dzny yg|n zf``

bgkn f| sydhf|gi`n |d ~alny|gkn gllf|fdag` faxnu|bna| synxfd~u`v snyenfxnl gu

~asydhf|gi`n! F| zf`` gùd hdyen falfxfl~gù |d ugxn `nuu gal edau~bn bdyn dh |mnfy faedbn,

|m~u `nglfaj |d ga n}enuu dh fa|nalnl faxnu|bna| dxny fa|nalnl ugxfaj!

\mn faeyngun fa edau~bs|fda -E& gal faxnu|bna| -F& |mnynhdyn mgxn |d hdyen ~s |mn

edbbdlf|v syfenu fa yn`g|fda |d |mn yfun fa bdanv u~ss`v -B& gu yng` d~|s~| -V& fu hf}nl

geedylfaj |d |mn e`guufeg` |mndyv! Lfunw~f`fiyf~b zf`` |mna in diunyxnl fa |mn uvu|nb, gal

|d bgfa|gfa nw~f`fiyf~b adbfag` zgjnu mgxn |d faeyngun gu ygsfl`v gu sduufi`n fa dylny |d

knns |mn yng` zgjn ~aemgajnl! Gu `daj gu igaku eda|fa~n |d bgkn bdanv, fah`g|fda zf``

snyufu| gal gjjynjg|n lnbgal zf`` yfun! Mdznxny, daen bdanv eyng|fda mg`|u, |mn adbfag`

yg|n dh fa|nynu| zf`` gjgfa in nw~g` |d |mn ag|~yg` yg|n gal |mn uvu|nb zf`` in igek |d

nw~f`fiyf~b! Fa |mfu zgv zf|m Xgal Vgu edau|ga| zf|m ynusne| |d B, |mna |mn w~ga|f|v

|mndyv b~u| md`l?

&-BhS2

Ga faeyngun fa bdanv u~ss`v ufbs`v `nglu |d fah`g|fda gu sdfa|nl d~| iv U`dbga

-766:&! \mfu fu |mn e`guufegù xfnz dh fah`g|fda hdyb~`g|fda ~ufaj |mn w~ga|f|v |mndyv dh

bdanv! \mn hfag` edae`~ufda dh |mn e`guufegù fu |mg| |mn nal ynu~`| dh bdan|gyv n}sgaufda

fu |mn faeyngun fa |mn syfen `nxn` gal fa|nynu| yg|nu! I~| d|mny xgyfgi`nu fa |mn uvu|nb zf``

in ~aghhne|nl! \m~u, bdanv fu unna |d in an~|yg` -Uadzlda 766


13/49

-7658&, Knvanu ynone|nl |mn e`guufeg` guu~bs|fda |mg| bgykn|u ld e`ngy! Lfunw~f`fiyf~b

ed~`l snyufu| gal ~anbs`dvbna| zd~`l eda|fa~n! U~em lfunw~f`fiyf~b ed~`l in unna id|m

fa |mn `gid~y bgykn| gal fa |mn hfagaefg` bgykn|u! Fa |mn `gid~y bgykn|, ineg~un dh |mn

yfjflf|v fa zgjnu, zgjn e~|u zd~`l ad| ud`xn |mn sydi`nb dh lnhfefna| lnbgal! I~| yg|mny,

|mn sydi`nb zd~`l snyufu| ineg~un falfxfl~gù zd~`l ynl~en |mnfy edau~bs|fda

n}snalf|~yn, zmf`n hfybu zd~`l ynl~en |mnfy lnbgal hdy `gid~y gu faxna|dyfnu zd~`l in

gee~b~`g|faj! Fa |mn hfagaefg` bgykn|, da |mn d|mny mgal, anf|mny ugxfaju ady faxnu|bna|

zd~`l in ynusdaufi`n |d emgajnu fa fa|nynu| yg|nu! F| fu fa hge|, in`fnxnl |mg| |mn n}sne|nl

i~ufanuu eve`n ln|nybfanu faxnu|bna| fa |mn h~|~yn zmf`n |mn `nxn` dh lfusdugi`n faedbn

ln|nybfanu ugxfaju! \mfu geedylfaj |d U`dbga -766:& u~jjnu|u |mg| fa id|m |mn `gid~y

bgykn| gal |mn hfagaefg` bgykn|, lfunw~f`fiyf~b zd~`l snyufu|!

Knvanu gùd ynone|nl |mn w~ga|f|v |mndyv da |zd jyd~alu! Mn lnafnl |mn flng |mg|

bdanv u~ss`v faeyngunu zd~`l `ngl |d faeyngunu fa syfenu! Mn ugfl, n}|yg faedbn -B& zf``

ad| g`` jd fa|d n}snalf|~yn, i~| udbn bfjm| in mn`l iv |mn falfxfl~gù! Fa |mg| zgv, |mn

gxnygjn usnnl g| zmfem bdanv efye~`g|nu -X& bgv in u`dznl ldza, zmfem bngau |mg| |mn

X fa |mn nw~g|fda dh n}emgajn SVBX 2 bgv xgyv gal ad| anenuugyf`v ynbgfa hf}nl!

Gjgfa, f| zgu gyj~nl |mg| faeyngunu fa bdanv u~ss`v bfjm| `ngl |d faeyngunu fa yng` d~|s~|

gal `ngxn syfenu -S& ~aemgajnl! \mnun gyj~bna|u znyn ygfunl |d ynh~|n Ugvu @gz, zmfem

u|g|nl |mg| u~ss`v zd~`l eyng|n f|u dza lnbgal! Knvanu gùd sdfa|nl d~| |mg| ~aynj~`g|nl

bgykn|u ed~`l ad| nau~yn u~hhfefna| lnbgal! \mn ~un dh lnbgal bgagjnbna| sd`fefnu |d

ubdd|m d~| |mn h`~e|~g|fdau fa |mn |ygln eve`n zgu |d in hydb |mn jdxnyabna|! Zn adz

|~ya gal n}gbfan |mn lfhhnynaen in|znna edu| gal lnbgal lyfxna fah`g|fdau!

Knvanu nbsmgufnl fah`g|fda gu g uf|~g|fda dh n}enuu lnbgal gal gu g ynu~`| dh ga

g~|dadbd~u faeyngun fa edu|u -Ig`` 76:5&! Zn |mnynhdyn mgxn zmg| fu |nybnl lnbgal gal

edu| s~um fah`g|fda! \mn hdybny fu guudefg|nl zf|m |mn yfjm|zgyl umfh| dh |mn gjjynjg|n

lnbgal -GL& e~yxn fa |mn GL"GU bdln`! N}djnad~u faeyngunu fa |mn adbfag` bdanv

u|dek, edau~bny usnalfaj, faxnu|bna| usnalfaj, jdxnyabna| usnalfaj gal n}sdy|

lnbgal gyn lnbgal hge|dyu! Gbdaj |mnun hge|dyu, zn zf`` lfue~uu da`v |mdun |mg| gyn dh

fa|nynu| |d |mfu u|~lv! G lnhfef| fu n}snyfnaenl fa ga fa|nyag` nedadbfe uf|~g|fda zmnyn

jdxnyabna| s~yemgunu n}ennl an| |g}nu! Fa |mfu egun, jdxnyabna| bgv eyng|n usnalfaj

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14/49

sdzny dy s~| udbn synxfd~u`v fl`n h~alu |d ~un! \mn gllf|fdag` lnbgal eg~unl iv

jdxnyabna| usnalfaj bngau |mg| ga g`ynglv dxny mng|nl nedadbv n}snyfnaenu g hynum

xg`~n dh syfen faeyngunu -Hd~yfn 76=9&!

Edu| s~um hge|dyu gyn |mdun zmfem eg~un ga ~szgyl umfh| dh |mn GUe~yxn! \mnun

fae`~ln faeyngunu fa adbfag` zgjnu dy zgjn yg|nu, sydhf| bgyjfau, fbsdy| syfenu gal

ynl~enl sydl~e|fxf|v! Zf|m |mfu sgy|fe~`gy egun gùd, zn zf`` edauflny da`v |mdun xgyfgi`nu

zmfem gyn sgy| dh d~y gag`vufu! \mn faeyngunl lnufyn hdy `nfu~yn xnyu~u yng` faedbn dy

synuu~yn hdy mfjmny zgjnu fa g mfjm`v ~afdafnl nedadbv gyn eg~unu dh edu| s~um

fah`g|fda! \mfu mgu |mn nhhne| dh ygfufaj d~|s~| syfen, zmfem fu bgln ~s dh fas~| edu| gal

sydhf| bgyjfau! \mnyn fu gùd edu| s~um fah`g|fda |mg| ega edbn hydb d~|ufln |mn ldbnu|fe

nedadbv! Fa |mn ngy`v 76:3u, dan u~em sgy|fe~`gy umdek egbn d~| dh |mn eyng|fda dh |mn

DSNE -Df` gal Sn|yd`n~b N}sdy|faj Ed~a|yfnu& egy|n` gal nadybd~u faeyngun fa df`

syfenu f| bgagjnl |d gemfnxn -Hd~yfn, 76=9&! Fbsdy|nl fah`g|fda bgv gùd iyfaj

fah`g|fdagyv nhhne|u fh hdynfja |ygln s`gvu g jyng|ny sgy| fa g sgy|fe~`gy ed~a|yv! \mg| fu,

emgaanù fa |mn syfen `nxnù giydgl b~u| anenuugyf`v ghhne| |mn ldbnu|fe syfen `nxn`! Gu

u~em, n}emgajn yg|n lnsynefg|fdau fbs`v mfjmny fbsdy| syfenu! Id|m |mn u~ss`v umdek gal

|mn fbsdy|nl fah`g|fda mgxn |mn nhhne| dh faeyngufaj |mn fas~| edu|u hdy |mn hfyb, zmfem gyn

sguunl da |d edau~bnyu gu faeyngunl syfenu hdy |mn hfafumnl sydl~e|u! \m~u, faeyngunu fa

syfenu dh fbsdy|nl fas~|u mgxn g sduf|fxn nhhne| da ldbnu|fe syfenu! \mfu |mnynhdyn

o~u|fhfnu |mn fae`~ufda dh fbsdy| syfenu fa|d d~y gag`vufu! \mn Knvanufga flnd`djv da |mn

d|mny mgal zd~`l gyj~n hdy |mn fae`~ufda dh |mn jdxnyabna| hfueg` lnhfef|, df` syfenu -g

syd}v hdy fbsdy|nl syfenu& gu xgyfgi`nu eg~ufaj fah`g|fda fa Ud~|m Ghyfeg!

\mn dy|mdld} bdan|gyfu| uemdd`, zmdun emfnh glxdeg|n zgu Hyfnlbga egbn |d

lnxn`ds |mn bdan|gyfu| |mndyv zmfem u|gy|nl zf|m n}|naufda dh |mn w~ga|f|v |mndyv dh

bdanv -Hyfnlbga, 76>6, Hyfnlbga gal Uemzgy|, 7685&! \mfu |mndyv bgfa|gfau |mg|

fah`g|fda fu g`zgvu gal nxnyvzmnyn g bdan|gyv smnadbnada! \mfu bngau |mg| zmnanxny

bdanv u~ss`v faeyngunu, |mn nal ynu~`| dh |mg| fu |mn yfun fa |mn jnanyg` syfenu!

7


15/49

9!9! NBSFYFEG@ @F\NYG\^YN

\mn u|~lv |yfnu |d faxnu|fjg|n |mn yd`n i~ljn| lnhfef| gal bdanv jydz|m s`gv fa |mn

fah`g|fdagyv sydenuu fa Ud~|m Ghyfeg! \mn fa|nyyn`g|fdaumfsu in|znna |mnun xgyfgi`nu mgxn

inna g| |mn mngy| dh |mn bdan|gyv nedadbfeu `f|nyg|~yn -Dbga, 9335&! I~ljn| lnhfef|u gyn

fah`g|fdagyv fa |mn bdan|gyfu| hygbnzdyk da`v |d |mn n}|na| |mg| |mnv gyn bdan|fnl! \mfu

une|fda ynxfnzu |mn n}fu|faj u|~lfnu zmfem |yfnl |d n}s`dyn |mn `fak in|znna i~ljn|

lnhfef|u, bdanv jydz|m gal fah`g|fda!

Fa Ud~|m Ghyfeg u|~lfnu fa fah`g|fda znyn egyyfnl d~| i~| adan dh |mnb unnbnl |d

bna|fda gav eda|yfi~|fda dh |mn i~ljn| lnhfef|u da |mn fah`g|fdagyv sydenuu! Dan dh |mdun

u|~lfnu fu iv U|yvldb -76:8& zmfem zgu edaenyanl zf|m gjjynjg|n lnbgal synuu~yn dy

bdan|gyv n}sgaufdagyv nhhne|u da syfenu! Mn xfnzu fah`g|fda gu |mn iv"sydl~e| dh g

u|y~jj`n dxny faedbn lfu|yfi~|fda fa zmfem na|ynsynan~yu gal zgjn ngyanyu hfjm| |d

synuu~yn dy faeyngun |mnfy umgyn dh |mn ag|fdag` faedbn! Mn ad|nu |mg| fah g|fda fu

jnanyg|nl xfg |mn fau|f|~|fdag` gusne|u dh |mn nedadbv! \mn nu|fbg|fda ynu~`|u dh |mg|

u|~lv ynxng`nl |mg| |mn xgyfgi`nu |mg| znyn fae`~lnl fa |mn bdln` znyn u|g|fu|feg``v

ufjafhfega|, |mg| fu, |mnv idyn n}sne|nl ufjau! \mn fbsdy| syfenu sgygbn|ny falfeg|nl |mn

|d|g` nhhne|u dh |mn hdynfja une|dy da |mn ldbnu|fe syfen `nxn`! F|u nhhne| zgu bdyn lfyne|

|mga d|mny bgjaf|~lnu! \mn bgafs~`g|fda dh |mg| bgjaf|~ln xfg |mn n}emgajn yg|n sd`fev

mgl unxnyn nhhne|u da |mn ldbnu|fe syfen `nxn`!

Gsgy| hydb U|yvldb -76:8& u|~lv, d|mny u|~lfnu znyn ~alny|gkna fa d|mny

ed~a|yfnu |d |nu| |mn bgeydnedadbfe nhhne|u dh bdanv jydz|m gal hfueg` i~ljn| lnhfef| da

fah`g|fda! \mnun u|~lfnu gyn bgfa`v hdy |mn ^af|nl U|g|nu gal |mn N~ydsnga ed~a|yfnu!

\mnv gssngynl |d mgxn faedae`~ufxn ynu~`|u ineg~un udbn u~ssdy|nl |mn mvsd|mnufu zmf`n

d|mnyu lfl ad| gal `ngxnu |mn w~nu|fda gu |d zmg| hge|dyu nedadbfnu ega |gyjn| |d ynl~en

fah`g|fda! Dan nbsfyfeg` u|~lv fu iv Lznvny -76=9&! Mn |nu|nl |mn `nglfaj n}s`gag|fdau

hdy |mn sduf|fxn `fak in|znna |mn `nxn` dh syfenu gal |mn jdxnyabna| lnhfef|u! Mn hd~al ad

7>


16/49

ufjafhfega| nxflnaen |d u~ssdy| |mn flng |mg| fah`g|fda fu eg~unl iv |mn lnhfef|u! Lgyyg|

-76=>& hde~unl da |mn `fak in|znna hnlnyg` lnhfef|u gal fah`g|fda iv yn`g|faj |mn yg|n dh

emgajn dh syfenu |d bdanv u~ss`v, lnhfef|u gal `gjjnl fah`g|fda yg|n! Mfu edae`~ufda zgu

|mg| id|m |mn bdan|gyv jydz|m gal |mn hnlnyg` lnhfef|u ufjafhfega|`v fah`~naenl fah`g|fda!

Hnlnyg` lnhfef|u idyn g u|ydajny gal bdyn yn`fgi`n yn`g|fdaumfs |d fah`g|fda |mga bdan|gyv

jydz|m!

Gkegv, Db~e~y gal G`sny -7668&u u|~lv zmdun bgfa gfb zgu |d jgfa ga faufjm|

fa|d zmfem |mn emgaanù |myd~jm zmfem |mn lnhfef| mgu inna dsnyg|faj fa \~yknv id|m fa

|mn sdu| zdy`l zgy FF nyg gal fa |mn sdu|"`finyg`fg|fda nyg zmnyn idal"hfagaefaj mgu inna

ga gllf|fda ud~yen dh lnhfef| hfagaefaj zgu ldan |d nu|gi`fum |mn n}fu|naen dh g u|gi`n `daj

y~a yn`g|fdaumfs in|znna lnhfef|u, bdanv jydz|m gal fah`g|fda! \mn umdy|"y~a lvagbfeu dh

fah`g|fdagyv sydenuu znyn gùd gag`vnl! \mnfy u|~lv nbs`dvnl |mn xne|dy g~|dynjynuufxn

gal xne|dy nyydy edyyne|fda usnefhfeg|fdau! \mn edfa|njyg|fda gag`vufu ynxng`nl |mg| |mnyn

znyn |zd edfa|njyg|faj xne|dyu, |md~jm |mn ednhhfefna|u dh lnhfef|u gal bdanv jydz|m mgl

anjg|fxn ufjau! \mn anjg|fxf|v dh |mn ednhhfefna| dh JAS fbs`fnl |mg| ga faeyngun fa |mn

JAS yg|fd unnbnl |d fbs`v g `dzny fah`g|fda yg|n g| u|nglv u|g|n gal ga faeyngun fa jydz|m

dh bdanv zgu guudefg|nl zf|m `dzny `daj"y~a fah`g|fda yg|n! Gkegv, Db~e~y gal G`sny

-7668&, mdznxny, u|g|nl |mg| gav `fangy edbifag|fda dh |mdun |zd edfa|njyg|faj xne|dyu

zgu gùd g `njf|fbg|n egalflg|n hdy emgyge|nyffaj |mn `daj"y~a yn`g|fdaumfs gbdaj |mn

|mynn xgyfgi`nu gal dan u~em edbifag|fda jgxn |mn edfa|njyg|fda yn`g|fda gu bdanv

jydz|m gal lnhfef|u infaj n}djnad~u xgyfgi`nu! \mn ednhhfefna| dh lnhfef| zgu u|g|nl gu

7!>6! ~alny u~em edfa|njyg|fda yn`g|fda, bdanv an~|yg`f|v zgu guu~bnl! \mfu |mnynhdyn,

ynxng`nl |mg| g dan ~af| faeyngun fa |mn lnhfef| JAS yg|fd ~alny bdanv an~|yg`f|v zd~`l

faeyngun |mn `daj"y~a fah`g|fda iv 7!>6 ~af|u! \mn anjg|fxn ednhhfefna|u falfeg|nl |mg|

n}enuu fah`g|fda na|nynl |mn nyydy edyyne|fda bnemgafub hdy fah`g|fda zf|m g anjg|fxn

ednhhfefna|! Fh |mnyn zgu n}enuu fah`g|fda, |mg| n}enuu zgu edyyne|nl |dzgylu |mn `daj"y~a

nw~f`fiyf~b an}| snyfdl iv ga gbd~a| |mg| fu jfxna iv |mn znfjm|faj ednhhfefna|!

\mn bdan|gyfu| n}s`gag|fdau dh fah g|fda mgxn hd` dznl |mn e`guufe u|~lv dh

mvsnyfah`g|fda iv Egjga -76>8& fa u|ynuufaj |mg| emgajnu fa bdanv |mg| fa udbn unaun

eg~un emgajnu fa syfenu! Fa |mg| Egjga -76>8& bdln`, |mnyn egbn g w~nu|fda dh

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17/49

~aflfyne|fdag` ag|~yn dh |mg| bdln`! Ugyjna| gal Zg``gen -76:5& u~jjnu|nl |mg| f| zgu

bdyn gssydsyfg|n |d `ddk g| eg~ug|fda in|znna bdanv gal syfenu gu y~aafaj hydb id|m

uflnu! Hynakn` -76::& gal Ogediu -76::& g`ud egbn zf|m |mn ugbn u~jjnu|fda! I~| fa |mnfy

u|~lfnu, |mnv nbsmgufnl |mg| g edbbda n}s`gag|fda hdy faeyngunu fa |mn bdanv u~ss`v

|mg| `nl |d fah`g|fda zgu l~n |d jdxnyabna|u hfueg` dsnyg|fdau! Gsgy| hydb |mnun u|~lfnu,

d|mny u|~lfnu `fkn |mg| edal~e|nl iv Gjmnxmf gal Kmga -76:=& mgxn ynedjafnl |mg| |mn

faeyngun fa |mn bdanv u~ss`v bfjm| ad| in falnsnalna| dh fah`g|fda! \mnv fa|ydl~enl |mn

flng |mg| fah`g|fda dee~yu fa g zflnafaj dh hfueg` lnhfef|u hfagaenl |myd~jm |mn igakfaj

uvu|nb, bdyn nusnefg``v iv |mn ena|yg` igak! Fh i~ljn| lnhfef|u znyn n}snyfnaenl,

hfagaefaj |mnb |myd~jm bdanv eyng|fda zd~`l ynu~`| fa |mn faeyngun fa fah`g|fda! \mn

s~ysdun dh Gjmnx f gal Kmgau -76:=& u|~lv zgu |d n}gbfan |mn `fak in|znna faeyngunu

fa bdanv u~ss`v gal fah`g|fda fa hd~y lnxn`dsfaj ed~a|yfnu, Iygf`, Ed`dbifg, Ldbfafega

Yns~i`fe gal \mgf`gal! \mnfy u|~lv hfyu| umdznl |mg| |mn xgyfgi`nu fa w~nu|fda znyn

`faknl fa g |zd"zgv yn`g|fda gal hd~al g `fak fa |mn hdyb dh ynge|fdau dh |mn jdxnyabna|

hfueg` lnhfef|u |d fah`g|fda! \mn edae`~ufda lygza hydb |mg| u|~lv zgu |mg| |mn hfagaefaj dh

|mn lnhfef| |myd~jm bdanv eyng|fda faeyngunl bdanv u~ss`v gal mnaen fah`g|fda! \mn

eda|yd` dh fah`g|fda ynw~fynl ln`finyg|n ge|fda iv i~ljn|gyv g~|mdyf|fnu fh |mn bdan|gyv

sd`fev zgu ad| |d in n}enuufxn!

Lgyyg| -9333& ynedauflnynl |mn fah g|fdagyv nhhne|u dh i~ljn| lnhfef|u gh|ny

Mdalydvfgaafu gal Sgsgsn|yd~ -766:& mgl lnafnl gav lfyne| fbsge| dh |mn lnhfef| da

fah`g|fda! Mn sdfa|nl d~| udbn sydi`nbu guudefg|nl zf|m |mn Mdalydvfgaafu gal

Sgsgsn|yd~ -766:& ynu~`|u |mg| syfenu znyn unedal"lfhhnynaen u|g|fdagyv i~| zmna

~alny|gkfaj |mn edfa|njyg|fda |nu| lng`| zf|m hfyu| lfhhnynaen! \mn unedal sydi`nb dh |mn

Mdalydvfgaafu gal Sgsgsn|yd~ -766:& ynu~`|u zgu |mg| |mnv snyhdybnl |mn edfa|njyg|fda

|nu| fa g ifxgyfg|n un||faj |mg| fae`~lnl da`v bdanv gal syfenu, zmnyngu |mnfy syfbgyv

hde~u zgu synu~bgi`v da |mn yd`n dh lnhfef|u fa |mn fah`g|fdagyv sydenuu! Lgyyg| -9333& yn"

n}gbfanl |mn edfa|njyg|fda yn`g|fdaumfs gbdaj bdanv, syfenu gal lnhfef|u ~ufaj |mn

Odmgauna"O~un`f~u edfa|njyg|fda gssydgem gal hd~al |mg| |mn edfa|njyg|faj xne|dy iv MS

zgu bfuusnefhfnl! Mfu nbsfyfeg` ynu~`|u ynsdy|nl |mg|, inuflnu bdanv jydz|m, mfjmny

i~ljn| lnhfef|u mgl g`ud s`gvnl g ufjafhfega| gal lfyne| yd`n fa Jynnk fah`g|fdagyv sydenuu!

7:


18/49

Dbga gal Kdy~ -9335& faxnu|fjg|nl |mn fa|nyyn`g|fdaumfsu in|znna i~ljn|

lnhfef|u, bdanv jydz|m gal fah`g|fda fa \~yknv! |mnv ~un g |yfxgyfg|n uvu|nb eda|gfafaj

bdanv jydz|m, i~ljn| lnhfef|u gal fah`g|fda! \mn hfyu| nw~g|fda zgu zmnyn fah`g|fda zgu

ynjynuunl da bdanv gal lnhfef|u gu infaj zngk`v n}djnad~u gal |mn d|mny ynbgfafaj

nw~g|fdau, bdanv jydz|m gal lnhfef|u znyn |mn lnsnalna| xgyfgi`nu! \mnfy |nu| ynu~`|u

u|ydaj`v u~ssdy|nl |mn w~ga|f|v |mndyv dh bdanv, |mg| gav emgajn fa |mn w~ga|f|v dh

bdanv zf`` emgajn syfenu gu zn`` gal eg~ug|fda zgu y~aafaj hydb id|m uflnu! Emd~lmgv

gal Sgygf -7667& gùd faxnu|fjg|nl |mn yd`n dh m~jn i~ljn| lnhfef|u fa Sny~u angy

mvsnyfah`g|fda! \mg| u|~lv ~unl |mn yg|fdag` n}sne|g|fdau bgeyd bdln` dh fah`g|fda |d hfal

d~| |mn nhhne| dh |mn ga|fefsg|nl i~ljn| lnhfef|u da fah`g|fda yg|nu iv ~ufaj w~gy|ny`v lg|g

dh Sny~ hdy |mn snyfdl 76:5?7 |d 76==?7! \mn u|~lv hd~al g sduf|fxn yn`g|fdaumfs in|znna

i~ljn| lnhfef|u gal fah g|fda zf|m bdanv jydz|m ge|faj gu ga fa|nybnlfg|n! \mnfy

edae`~lfaj ynbgyku znyn |mg| Sny~u m~jn i~ljn| lnhfef|u gu zn`` gu mfjm yg|nu dh bdanv

jydz|m lfl mgxn ufjafhfega| fbsge| da |mn mfjm fah`g|fda yg|nu l~yfaj 76:5 |d 76==!

Anvgs|f -9335& fa mfu ufbs`n bdln` faxnu|fjg|nl |mn yn`g|fdaumfs in|znna i~ljn|

lnhfef|u gal fah`g|fda zf|m |mn xfnz |mg| |mn ag|~yn dh |mfu yn`g|fdaumfs lnsnalu da |mn

emgyge|nyfu|feu dh |mn bdan|gyv gal hfagaefg` fau|f|~|fdau! \mn bgfa mvsd|mnufu dh |mg|

u|~lv zgu |mg| i~ljn| lnhfef|u znyn fah`g|fdagyv zmna id|m |mn ena|yg` igak zgu ad|

falnsnalna| nad~jm gal |mn hfagaefg` bgykn| ad| lnxn`dsnl nad~jm |d eda|gfa

fah g|fdagyv n}sne|g|fdau! Mfu nbsfyfeg` ynu~`|u u~ssdy|nl |mn u|g|nl mvsd|mnufu gal

u~jjnu|nl |mg| i~ljn| lnhfef|u mgl g ufjafhfega| sduf|fxn nhhne| da fah`g|fda! \mn ynu~`|u

gùd u~jjnu|nl |mg| |mn nhhne| zgu `gyjn`v g||yfi~|nl |d `dz lnjynnu dh ena|yg` igak

falnsnalnaen gal hfagaefg` bgykn| lnxn`dsbna|! Bdanv jydz|m zgu gùd unna |d in

sduf|fxn`v yn`g|nl |d fah`g|fda gal |mfu |mnynhdyn u~ssdy|nl Hyfnlbgau xfnz |mg| bdanv

zgu g`zgvu gal nxnyvzmnyn g bdan|gyv smnadbnada!

\mn `f|nyg|~yn ynxfnz umdzu |mg| lfhhnyna| u|~lfnu edal~e|nl ngy`fny hdy lfhhnyna|

ed~a|yfnu mgxn sydl~enl lfhhnyna| ynu~`|u, fa zmfem egun udbn u|~lfnu u~jjnu| |mg| |mnyn fu

sduf|fxn yn`g|fda in|znna i~ljn| lnhfef|, bdanv jydz|m gal fah`g|fda! Zmf`n udbn ld ad|

u~ssdy| |mg| sduf|fxn yn`g|fdaumfs! \mn eyf|fw~nu znyn ynxng`nl fa yn`g|fda |d |mdun bf}nl

ynu~`|u gal bdyn gssydsyfg|n |nemafw~nu znyn u~jjnu|nl iv d|mny ynungyemnyu!

7=


19/49

EMGS\NY 5

5!3! BN\MDLD@DJV

Fa dylny |d gag`vn umdy|"y~a lvagbfeu gal `daj"y~a yn`g|fdaumfsu gbdaj i~ljn|

lnhfef|u, bdanv jydz|m gal fah`g|fda, zn bgkn ~un dh |mn G~|dynjynuufxn Lfu|yfi~|nl @gj

-GYL@& bdln` gal |mn Nyydy Edyyne|fda Bnemgafub usnefhfeg|fdau fa |mfu u|~lv! \mn

gss`feg|fda dh |mn GYL@ fu glds|nl hydb Mnayv gal Yfemgyl -76=5& ineg~un |mfu bn|mdl

mn`su ~u |d edauflny |mn inmgxfdy dh |mn xgyfgi`n dxny |fbn gal |mg| |mn nhhne| dh |mn

n}djnad~u xgyfgi`nu da fah`g|fda fu usyngl dxny g snyfdl dh |fbn! \mn eg~ug`f|v |nu| fu gùd

edal~e|nl |d hfal |mn lfyne|fda dh eg~ug|fda in|znna |mn xgyfgi`nu! \mfu faxd`xnu |mn

ifxgyfg|n eg~ug` |nu|!

5!7! LG\G LNUEYFS\FDA

\mn u|~lv ~unu |fbn unyfnu w~gy|ny`v lg|g hdy |mn snyfdl 76:> |d 9335! Bdu| dh |mnlg|g xgyfgi`nu znyn da w~gy|ny`v igufu, zmf`n |mn lg|g da zgjn yg|nu fu da gaa~g` hdyb

gal zgu fa|nysd`g|nl ~ufaj |mn Us`fan @fan fa|nysd`g|fda bn|mdl ineg~un f| ldnu ad| mgxn

dxnyumdd|faj inmgxfd~y dh `fangy fa|nysd`g|fda! \mn xgyfgi`nu gyn edaud`flg|nl i~ljn|

lnhfef|u, zmfem fu n}synuunl gu yg|fd dh Jyduu Ldbnu|fe Sydl~e| -JLS&, snyena|gjn

emgajn fa |mn Ynunyxn Igak bdanv -B9&7, fah`g|fda yg|n zmfem ynhnyu |d |mn jydz|m yg|n dh

|mn edau~bny syfen faln}! \mn d|mny xgyfgi`nu gyn zgjn yg|n, hdynfja yg|n dh fa|nynu| zmfem

fu ga gxnygjn dh fa|nynu| yg|nu dh Ud~|m Ghyfegu bgody |yglfaj sgy|anyu -âf|nl U|g|nu dh

Gbnyfeg, âf|nl Kfajldb gal Jnybgav& gal |mn fbsdy| syfenu, zmfem egs|~ynu |mn

fbsdy|nl fah`g|fda! \mn lg|g hdy |mn gag`vufu zgu ud~yenl hydb |mn Fa|nyag|fdag` Hfagaefg`

U|g|fu|feu -FHU& xgyfd~u fuu~nu gal lg|g da zgjn yg|nu zgu ud~yenl hydb U|g|fu|feu Ud~|m

Ghyfeg!

7 B9 zmfem fu e~yynaev fa efye~`g|fda s`~u lnbgal lnsduf|u s`~u ugxfaju, gal |fbn lnsduf|u

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20/49

5!9! BDLN@ USNEFHFEG\FDA

\mn edaane|fda hydb lnhfef|u |d fah`g|fda fu udbnmdz g lfhhfe~`| dan |d nu|gi`fum

hdy eny|gfa yngudau! Hfyu|, nbsfyfeg` u|~lfnu |yvfaj |d egs|~yn |mn `fak in|znna i~ljn|

lnhfef|u gal fah`g|fda gyn id~al |d sydl~en ynu~`|u |mg| gyn w~f|n unauf|fxn |d |mn emdfen dh

|mn bdln` infaj ~unl zmna dan edauflnyu |mn a~biny dh sduufi`n xnyufdau |mg| ega in

edau|y~e|nl! Bdu| dh |mdun u|~lfnu ~unl |mn fah`g|fda bdln`, zmf`n g hnz ~unl g |yfxgyfg|n

uvu|nb! Fa xfnz dh |mn lfue~uufdau gidxn gal |mn glgs|g|fda |d in hd``dznl, |mn `fangy

ynjynuufda nw~g|fda |d in nu|fbg|nl |gknu |mn hd``dzfaj jnanyg`?

&,,/,,,,,- L ~ b b fB U ` g j Fa h `gj yZ G JJ L SFB SB UI Lh Fah ++

+++++

2

-5!9!7&

Zmnyn Fah fu |mn fah`g|fda yg|n syd}fnl iv Edau~bny Syfen Faln} -ESF&, BU |mn

bdanv jydz|m, IL hfueg` lnhfef| gu g snyena|gjn dh JLS, ZGJ emgajnu fa ~af| `gid~y

edu|u, FBS |mn fbsdy| syfenu, JLS jydz|m dh yng` JLS, Fah`gj `gjjnl xg`~n dh |mn

lnsnalna| xgyfgi`n gal BU`gjfu |mn `gjjnl xg`~n dh |mn bdanv jydz|m!

5!5! GAG@V\FEG@ \NEMAFW^NU

5!5!7! Eg~ug`f|v |nu|

Ufaen dan dh d~y dione|fxnu fu |d |nu| |mn eg~ug` `fak in|znna i~ljn| lnhfef|u gal

fah`g|fda, zn zf`` mgxn |d ld u~em |nu| ~ufaj g usnefg` |nu| eg``nl Jygajny eg~ug`f|v |nu|! Fa

|mn ifxgyfg|n egun, |mn u|galgyl Jygajny eg~ug`f|v |nu| gbd~a|u |d |nu|faj zmn|mny sgu|

xg`~nu dh g xgyfgi`n |V , |djn|mny zf|m sgu| xg`~nu dh gad|mny xgyfgi`n |] , n}s`gfa |mn

e~yyna| emgajn fa |] in||ny |mga |mn sgu| xg`~nu dh |] g`dan ld! G hgf`~yn |d ynone| |mfu

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21/49

a~`` mvsd|mnufu `nglu |d |mn ynungyemny |d edae`~ln |mg| |V Jygajny eg~unu |] ! \mfu

sydenuu fu ynsng|nl fa|nyemgajfaj |mn |zd xgyfgi`nu! \mn Xne|dy G~|dynjynuufxn ifxgyfg|n

ynjynuufdau dh |mn hdyb in`dz zf`` in nu|fbg|nl?

|

a

o

o|f

a

f

f|f| FahILIL ++2 2

2

7

9

7

7

-5!5!7!7&

|

k

o

o|o

k

f

f|f| ILFahFah ++2 2

2

7

9

7

7

-5!5!7!9&

Zmnyn IL| ynsynuna|u |mn i~ljn| lnhfef| gal Fah|, |mn fah`g|fda yg|n! | gal |

gyn |mn zmf|n adfun |nybu! ûfaj jnanyg`"|d"usnefhfe gssydgem, |mn `gj `naj|m fu emduna

u~em |mg| unyfg` edyyn`g|fda fu n`fbfag|nl in|znna |mn nyydy |nybu! \mn hd``dzfaj synuna|u

g`` sduufi`n eg~ug` yn`g|fdaumfsu?

g& âflfyne|fdag` eg~ug`f|v hydbFah| |dIL|n}fu|u fh 37

9 2

k

o

o gal 37

9 22

k

o

o

i& âflfyne|fdag` eg~ug`f|v n}fu|u hydbIL| |dFah| fh 37

9 2

k

f

f gal 2

2

k

o

o

7

9 3

e& Iflfyne|fdag` eg~ug`f|v in|znnaIL| galFah| fh 37

9 2

k

o

o gal 2

k

o

o

7

9 3

l& Ad eg~ug`f|v fu nu|gi`fumnl in|znnaIL| galFah| fh2

2k

o

o

7

9 3 gal 37

9 22

k

o

o

\mn ynu~`|u dh |mn Jygajny eg~ug f|v |nu| gyn unauf|fxn |d |mn `gj `naj|mu!

Nbs`dvfaj gyif|ygyf`v emduna `gj `naj|mu, g`|md~jm g edbbda syge|fen, jfxnu yfun |d

nedadbfe sydi`nbu fa |mg| emddufaj g `nuu |mga ds|fbg` `gj dylny bgv `ngl |d g ifgu,

zmnyngu, gss`vfaj g bdyn |mga ds|fbg` `gj dylny bgv `ngl |d g `duu dh nhhfefnaev -Gaugyf

766


22/49

Uemzg| Fahdybg|fda Eyf|nyfda -UFE& |d ln|nybfan |mn ds|fbg` `gj `naj|m hdy ngem unyfnu

iv nu|fbg|faj ga nw~g|fda dh ga g~|dynjynuufxn hdyb emddufaj g `gj dylny gu |mn ds|fbg`

`gj zmfem bfafbfnu |mn GFE gal UFE! \mn ds|fbg` `gj fu |mn `gj |mg| bfafbfnu |mn GFE!

Kadzfaj |mn lfyne|fda dh eg~ug|fda zf`` mn`s |mn sd`fev bgknyu gu |d zmfem xgyfgi`n |d

|gyjn| hfyu|!

5!5!9! U\G\FDAGYF\V

Hdy nu|gi fumfaj g bngafajh~` -gu dssdunl |d us~yfd~u& yn`g|fdaumfs in|znna

i~ljn| lnhfef|, bdanv jydz|m gal fah g|fda, |mn xgyfgi`nu b~u| ug|fuhv u|g|fdagyf|v

edalf|fda! G unyfnu fu ugfl |d in u|g|fdagyv fh f|u bnga gal xgyfgaen gyn edau|ga| dxny |fbn

gal |mn xg`~n dh edxgyfgaen in|znna |zd |fbn snyfdlu lnsnalu da`v da |mn lfu|gaen dy `gj

in|znna |mn |zd |fbn snyfdlu gal ad| da |mn ge|~g` |fbn g| zmfem |mn edxgyfgaen fu

edbs~|nl -J~ogyg|f 766>&! Lfhhnynaefaj xgyfgi`nu zmna |mnv gyn u|g|fdagyv fu `fkn`v |d

eg~un g `duu dh xg`~gi`n fahdybg|fda gid~| |mn `daj"y~a yn`g|fdaumfs in|znna |mn

xgyfgi`nu! \mn bdu| edbbda`v ~unl bn|mdlu gyn |mdun glds|nl hydb Lfeknv gal H~``ny

-76:6& gal |mn G~jbna|nl Lfeknv"H~` ny -GLH&! \mn Lfeknv"H~` ny -LH& |nu| faxd`xnu

y~aafaj |mynn ynjynuufdau, dan zf|md~| lyfh|, |mn unedal dan zf|m lyfh| gal |mn |mfyl zf|m

lyfh| gal |ynal! \mn nw~g|fdau gyn?

Zf|md~| lyfh|

||| ]] +2 7

-5!5!9!7&

\mn a~`` mvsd|mnufu fu |mg| 7?3 2M gu dssdunl |d 7?7 0M ! Ga g`|nyag|fxn zgv dh

zyf|faj |mn gidxn nw~g|fda fu

||| ]] +2 7&7-

99


23/49

2 ||] +7

-5!5!9!9&

Fa |mfu sgy|fe~`gy egun |mn a~`` mvsd|mnufu fu |mg| 32 , u~jjnu|faj |mg| |mnyn fu ~af| ydd|

dy |mn sydenuu fu ada"u|g|fdagyv!

\mn nw~g|fda zf|m lyfh| fu

||| ]] ++2 7 -5!5!9!5&

Zf|m lyfh| gal |ynal

||| ]|] +++2 7 -5!5!9!


25/49

hdy u|g|fdagyf|v, fh u|g|fdagyv |mna |mnyn fu `daj y~a yn`g|fda in|znna |mn xgyfgi`nu! Fa |mfu

u|~lv zn zf`` nbs`dv |mn Odmgauna gssydgem ineg~un |mn Naj`n"Jygajny bn|mdl fu

udbnmdz eyf|fefnl da usnefg` jyd~alu! Naj`n"Jygajny -76=:& guu~bnu dan edfa|njyg|faj

xne|dy, i~| |mnyn fu g sduufif`f|v |mg| bdyn |mga dan edfa|njyg|faj xne|dyu bgv in di|gfanl

Gh|ny nu|gi`fumfaj |mn `daj y~a yn`g|fdaumfs in|znna fah`g|fda gal |mn n}s`gag|dyv

xgyfgi`nu, zn zf`` |mna |~ya |d n}gbfan |mn umdy|"y~a lvagbfeu dh |mn yn`g|fdaumfs! Hdy

|mfu s~ysdun, hd``dzfaj Naj`n gal Jygajny -76=:&, ga nyydy edyyne|fda bdln` fu

lnxn`dsnl! \mn nyydy edyyne|fda bnemgafub g``dzu `daj |nyb edbsdana|u dh xgyfgi`nu |d

dinv nw~f`fiyf~b edau|ygfa|u, zmf n umdy|"y~a edbsdana|u mgxn g h`n}fi`n lvagbfe

usnefhfeg|fda! \mn flng fu ufbs`v |mg| g sydsdy|fda dh |mn lfunw~f`fiyf~b hydb dan snyfdl

fu edyyne|nl fa |mn an}| snyfdl! F| faxd`xnu nu|fbg|faj |mn bdln` -

lfhhnynaen hdyb gal gllfaj ga nyydy edyyne|fda |nyb gu ga n}s`gag|dyv xgyfgi`n! Fa d~y

egun |mn nyydy edyyne|fda bdln` |d in nu|fbg|nl fu gu hd``dzu?

+++

++++++2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

7=

7

:

3

8

3

/

>

3


26/49

Fa gllf|fda |d |mn gidxn agbnl |nu|u |d in ~alny|gkna, g Ynun| |nu| -Ygbunv, 7686&

zf`` gùd in edal~e|nl |d nau~yn |mn giunaen dh usnefhfeg|fda nyydy! \mfu |nu| faxd`xnu

udbn u|nsu, zmfem bgv in u|g|nl gu hd``dzu?

Hydb |mn emduna bdln`, di|gfa |mn nu|fbg|nlFah, |mg| fu Fah

Fa|ydl~en |mn nu|fbg|nlFahfa udbn hdyb gu gllf|fdag` ynjynuudy-u&

\mn mvsd|mnufu ~alny |mn Ygbunv Ynun| |nu| fu |mg| |mn bdln` fu bfuusnefhfnl! Fh |mn H

xg`~n di|gfanl fu u|g|fu|feg``v faufjafhfega| g| g sgy|fe~`gy `nxn` dh ufjafhfegaen, dan ega

geens| |mn mvsd|mnufu |mg| |mn bdln` fu bfuusnefhfnl! I~| fh |mn |nu| ynxngù |mg| falnnl |mn

bdln` mgu inna bfuusnefhfnl, f| zf`` ad| |n`` ~u |mn ud~yen dh |mn bfuusnefhfeg|fda gal hdy

|mfu ynguda, zn zf`` fjadyn f| gal sydennl!

5!5!>! IYNÛEM"JDLHYNV@B \NU\

fem mn`su |d hfal fh |mnyn fu unyfg` edyyn`g|fda fa ynufl~gù! âlny |mfu |nu|, |mn @B fu jfxna

gu?

9&-&-&- aYa\UUYUU\UUM@B 22

Zmnyn \UU fu |mn |d|g` u~b dh uw~gynu, YUU fu |mn ynufl~g` u~b dh uw~gynu gal a fu |mn

ugbs`n ufn! \mn a~`` mvsd|mnufu fu |mg| |mnyn fu ad mn|nyduknlgu|fef|v gal ~alny |mfu

mvsd|mnufu,@B-M& fu gssyd}fbg|n`v Emf"Uw~gyn - 9 &! Fh |mn a~`` mvsd|mnufu fu ynone|nl,

|mnyn fu mn|nyduknlgu|fef|v!

5!5!8! ADYBG@F\V \NU\

Zn zf` gùd |nu| zmn|mny |mn ynufl~gù gyn adybg` v lfu|yfi~|nl dy ad|! \mn bdu|

edbbda`v ~unl bn|mdl fu |mn Ogyw~n"Inyg-76=:& |nu|! \mn Ogyw~nTInyg -O"I& |nu| ~unu

|mn hge| |mg| |mn adybg` lfu|yfi~|fda mgu g emgyge|nyfu|fe un| dh bdbna|u! F| zdyku iv

edbsgyfaj |mn ugbs`n xnyufdau dh |mn ednhhfefna| dh n}enuu uknzanuu gal |mn ednhhfefna|

dh k~y|dufu! \mnOI fu jfxna gu,

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30/49

\GI@N

GLH SS

Fah`g|fda yg|n |"xg`~n -@gj& GFE |"xg`~n -@gj& GFE

": "8!5:= -9& 7!:"9!96>> -5& !>!!98 "8!>

"5!8898 -5& !>:9> -5& 56 "73!7>:6 -5&

"8!9757 -9& 7> -!9659 -5& 6!


31/49

":!>9!9675 "=!83>6 -5& >!9>>6

">!835> -9& >!9:76 "=!8533 -9& >!9>>6

"=!>>6= -3& >!9>>6 "=!>568 -7& >!9>>6

Zgj 3!>=56 -> -5& 9!75:3

"3!95:9 -9& 7!636= -7& 7!6958 "7!78=3 -7& 9!75:3

Ad|n? \mn xg`~nu fa sgyna|mnunu gyn |mn `gju! \mn BeKfaada eyf|feg` xg`~nu hdy |mn gag`vufu dh ~af| ydd| gyn

"5!=3: hdy 7,> gal 73 snyena| ynusne|fxn`v!

\mn lnefufda eyf|nyfda fu |mg| |mn mvsd|mnufu dh |mn synunaen dh ~af| ydd| fu

ynone|nl fh |mn |"u|g|fu|fe fu `nuu |mga |mn eyf|feg` xg`~nu! Hdy d~y egun f| ega e`ngy`v in unna

|mg| |mn xgyfgi`nu, fah g|fda yg|n, i~ljn| lnhfef|, bdanv jydz|m, fbsdy| syfenu, JLS

jydz|m gal gxnygjn fa|nynu| yg|n dh |mn |yglfaj sgy|anyu gyn u|g|fdagyv g| > snyena| `nxn` dh

ufjafhfegaen! Mdznxny, |mn zgjn yg|n gssngynl |d eda|gfa ~af| ydd| gal mgl |d in

lfhhnynaenl daen |d inedbn u|g|fdagyv! \mfu fbs`fnu |mg| |mn zgjn yg|n fu fa|njyg|nl dh

dylny dan -F-7&& zmnyngu d|mny xgyfgi`nu gyn fa|njyg|nl dh dylny nyd -F-3&&! \mn ~af| ydd|

|nu| ynu~`|u hdy hfyu| lfhhnynaen hdy |mn xgyfgi`n zgjn yg|n fu jfxna da \gi`n

\GI@N

GLH SS

|"u|g|fu|fe -@gj& GFE |"u|g|fu|fe -@gj& GFE

" -8 "76!7 -7& 7!63=9

\mn |nu| ynu~`|u umdz |mg| |mn zgjn yg|n xgyfgi`n fu fa|njyg|nl dh dan lnad|nl iv

}qF-7&! \mn ynu~`|u hydb |mn SS |nu| g`ud u~jjnu| |mg| zgjn yg|n fu u|g|fdagyv g| hfyu|

lfhhnynaen! Da`v Gkgfkn Fahdybg|fda Eyf|nyfda zgu ~unl |d emddun |mn `gj `naj|m! \mn

ynguda infaj |mg| GFE fu fa bdu| egunu synhnyynl dxny |mn UFE ineg~un GFE jfxnu ubg``ny

57


32/49

xg`~n gu edbsgynl |d |mn UFE! \mnynhdyn, da`v |mn xg`~n dh |mn GFE fu ynedylnl da |mn

|gi`n gidxn!

\mn bgfa gfb dh |mfu sgsny fu |d hfal |mn bgeydnedadbfe fbsge| dh i~ljn| lnhfef|

gal bdanv jydz|m da fah`g|fda fa Ud~|m Ghyfeg! \mfu fu ln|nybfanl iv |mn nu|fbg|fda

ednhhfefna|u! \mn ynu~`|u dh |mn nu|fbg|fda gyn ynsdy|nl fa \gi`n

SS |nu| ynu~`|u, zn mgxn unna |mg| |mn xgyfgi`nu gyn fa|njyg|nl dh nyd gal |mg| da`v zgjn

yg|n fu fa|njyg|nl dh dylny dan, |mnynhdyn |mn unyfnu bfjm| n}mfif| `daj"y~a yn`g|fdaumfs!

\mnynhdyn |mn nu|fbg|fda fu eg``nl edfa|njyg|fda9 gag`vufu gal |mn ednhhfefna|u jfxn `daj"

y~a nu|fbg|nu! Nedadbfe |mndyv `nglu |d in`fnxn |mg| |mn `daj"y~a yn`g|fdaumfsu ed~`l in

hd~al in|znna syfenu, i~ljn| lnhfef|u, bdanv jydz|m, JLS jydz|m, zgjnu, hdynfja

fa|nynu| yg|nu gal fbsdy| syfenu! Gu u~em, `daj"y~a yn`g|fdaumfsu ed~`l in hd~al gbdaj

|mn xgyfgi`nu fa |mn bdln`!

I~ljn| lnhfef| unnbu |d mgxn g sduf|fxn nhhne| da fah`g|fda fa Ud~|m Ghyfeg! \mn

sguunl xg`~nu dh |mn lnhfef| mgxn bf}nl ufjau, hdy n}gbs`n, |mn ednhhfefna| g| `gj dan |~yau

d~| |d ingy g anjg|fxn ufja zmfem adz ldnu ad| u~ssdy| nedadbfe |mndyv gal fu

u|g|fu|feg``v faufjafhfega|! \mfu |n`ù ~u |mg| fah`g|fda fa Ud~|m Ghyfeg fu ln|nybfanl iv

e~yyna| i~ljn| lnhfef| gal f|u sguunl xg`~nu! \mn ufja emgajnu zf|m `gju!

Bdanv jydz|m gùd mgu g sduf|fxn nhhne| da fah`g|fda gal fu u|g|fu|feg` v

ufjafhfega| gu o~ljnl iv |mn |"u|g|fu|fe! \mn sguunl xg`~nu unnb ad| |d eda|yfi~|n |dzgylu

|mn fah`g|fdagyv sydenuu fa Ud~|m Ghyfeg! D|mny xgyfgi`nu gùd eda|yfi~|n sduf|fxn`v |d

fah`g|fda fa Ud~|m Ghyfeg! Zn gùd fausne|nl |mn eda|yfi~|faj nhhne| dh |mn gsgy|mnfl ~ufaj

|mn Emdz" Iyngk sdfa| gssydgem! \mn mvsd|mnufu |mg| |mn gsgy|mnfl nyg eda|yfi~|nl |d

m~jn lnhfef|u, bdanv jydz|m gal gu u~em fah`g|fda, fu ynone|nl! \mfu |mnynhdyn |n`ù ~u |mg|

|mn gsgy|mnfl nyg lfl ad| mgxn udbn eda|yfi~|dyv nhhne| da jydz|m da i~ljn| lnhfef|u,

bdanv u~ss`v gal fah`g|fda! \mn nu|fbg|fda ynu~`|u gyn ynsdy|nl fa \gi`n

9 \mn ynu~`|u hdy |mn Odmgauna edfa|njyg|fda |nu| gyn jfxn fa Gssnalf} G

59


33/49

ynufl~gù! \mfu fu umdza iv |mn sydigif`f|v dh |mn H"u|g|fu|fe hdy |mn @B |nu|zmfem fu

3!:>>33=! âlny |mn Ygbunvu -7686& YNUN\ |nu| |mn H"u|g|fu|fe fu 7!>89> gal f|u

sydigif`f|v fu 3!333, zmfem |mna `nglu ~u fa|d ynone|faj |mn a~`` mvsd|mnufu |mg| |mn bdln`

fu bfuusnefhfnl! \mn |nu| hdy |mn dxnyg`` ufjafhfegaen dh |mn n}s`gag|dyv xgyfgi`nu -H |nu|&

ufjafhfnu |mg| |mn ednhhfefna|u gyn ad| nw~g` |d nyd! \mn a~`` mvsd|mnufu |mg| g`

ednhhfefna|u gyn ufb~`|gand~u`v nw~g` |d nyd fu ynone|nl, fbs`vfaj |mg| ad| g`` u`dsn

ednhhfefna|u gyn ufb~`|gand~u`v nw~g` nyd!

\GI@N

Lnsnalna| Xgyfgi`n? Fah`g|fda -Fah&Xgyfgi`n Ednhhfefna| |"U|g|fu|fe Sydi! Lfgjdafu|fe |nu|u

E 3!:85797 3!7:37:96 3!983>8 YNUN\I^LJN\TLNHFEF\-"9& "3!33==3= "3!::59 3!8 M3?Bdln` bfuusnefhfnlI^LJN\TLNHFEF\-"5& 3!338>9> 5!59& "3!33=68 "9!785=39 3!3=:5 Iyn~uem"Jdlhynv @BJLSTJYDZ\M-"7& "3!333>58 "3!377< 5!8 Zmf|n Mn|nyduknlgu|fef|vBDANVTJYDZ\M-"7& 3!37>>5> 9!>8>9:5 M3?Ad Mn|nyduknlgu|fef|v

fa ynufl~gùBDANVTJYDZ\M-"9& "3!33557< "3!7559>8 3!=68375BDANVTJYDZ\M-"537 3!3886 M3?Nyydyu adybg``v

lfu|yfi~|nlFBSDY\TSYFENU-"7& 3!377= 3!837:=< 3!>669 "7!


34/49

Ad|n? |mn xg`~nu fa sgyna|mnufu gyn |mn `gju

\mn |mndyn|feg` ln|nybfaga|u dh fah g|fda fa Ud~|m Ghyfeg gyn edaufu|na| zf|m

nedadbfe |mndyv! \mn bdln` n}s`gfau =: snyena| dh |mn xgyfg|fda fa fah`g|fda fa Ud~|m

Ghyfeg!

Gssnalf} G synuna|u |mn edfa|njyg|fda gag`vufu dh |mn yn`g|fdaumfs in|znna |mn

xgyfgi`nu ~alny edauflnyg|fda! \mn |nu| sydenl~yn fu |d bdxn |myd~jm hydb |mn bdu|

ynu|yfe|fxn bdln` g| ngem u|gjn |d edbsgyn |mn |ygen dy bg}fbg` nfjna xg`~n u|g|fu|fe |d f|u

eyf|feg` xg`~n gal da`v u|ds |mn hfyu| |fbn |mn a~`` mvsd|mnufu fu ad| ynone|nl! \mn ynu~`|u

umdz |mg| |mnyn gyn unxna edfa|njyg|faj xne|dyu! Zn |mnynhdyn egyyfnl d~| |mn `dajy~a

ynjynuufda gag`vufu igunl da |mdun unxna edfa|njyg|faj xne|dyu! Zn hfyu| adybg fn

fah`g|fda gal y~a g ynjynuufda! G |vsfeg` ed fa|njyg|faj yn`g|fdaumfs hdy fah`g|fda, i~ljn|

lnhfe| gal bdanv jydz|m jfxnu g adybg`fnl nw~g|fda

BUILFah 958379!39>=36!3 +2

\mfu fbs`fnu |mg| i~ljn| lnhfef| gal bdanv n}ny| sduf|fxn`v |dzgylu fah`g|fda!

NYYDY EDYYNE\FDA BDLN@@FAJ

Ufaen |mn xgyfgi`nu j~gyga|nnl n}fu|naen dh edfa|njyg|fda zf|m ngem d|mny gu

lnsfe|nl fa gssnalf} G, |mnyn fu g annl |d snyhdyb |mn nyydy edyyne|fda bnemgafub! \mn

fa|~f|fda inmfal |mfu, fu |d egs|~yn |mn `daj"y~a ynusdaunu fa unyfnu! \mfu fu gemfnxnl iv

y~aafaj nw~g|fda 5!5!5!7! \mn ynu~`|u dh |mn umdy|"y~a lvagbfeu gyn synuna|nl fa \gi`n

in`dz!

5


35/49

\gi`n

LNSNALNA\ XGYFGI@N?Fah

XGYFGI@N EDNHHFEFNA\ \"U\G\ SYDI!

E 3!3=88>7 3!377>

FBS "3!398>336< 3!==77

IL|"9 3!3797 3!357957 9!=69999 3!35:


36/49

BU 3!353889 9!585786 3!7358

BU|"7 3!33=3

BU|"9 "3!379< "3!69 3!853

JLS "3!33>=68 "9!785=39 3!3=:5

JLS-"7& "3!333>58 "3!37

YGBUNV

M3? Bdln` bfuusnefhfnl

H2 3!::=6 Sydi 2 3!5==33

I"J Unyfg` edyyn`g|fda @B \nu|

H 2 7!=935 Sydi 2 3!7556

ZMF\N MN\NYDUENLGU\FEF\V \NU\

H2 7!:9:: Sydi 2 3!39587:

O"I 293!>8: -3!7537&

Sydi 2 3!9


37/49

Fah`g|fdau n}sne|g|fda syd}fnl iv `gj dan dan dh fah`g|fda fu sduf|fxn`v edyyn`g|nl

zf|m e~yyna| fah`g|fda! \mn ednhhfefna| dhNE|"7 mgu |d in g a~biny |mg| `fnu in|znna nyd

gal anjg|fxn dan -"7 =3&! F| umdzu |mn gbd~a| iv zmfem fah`g|fda glo~u|u! Hdy d~y

u|~lv |mn xg`~n fu "3!679=, zmfem fbs`fnu |mg| gid~| 67 snyena| dh fah`g|fda fu glo~u|nl

ngem w~gy|ny! \mfu u~jjnu|u |mn xg`flf|v dh |mn nw~f`fiyf~b yn`g|fdaumfs falfeg|faj |mn

n}fu|naen dh bgykn| hdyenu |mg| dsnyg|n |d ynu|dyn `daj"y~a nw~f`fiyf~b gh|ny g umdy|"y~a

umdek! F| umdzu |mn usnnl dh glo~u|bna| dh fah`g|fda lfunw~f`fiyf~b |d `daj"y~a!

\mn bdln` n}s`gfau =: snyena| dh |mn xgyfg|fda fa fah`g|fda gal |mn H"u|g|fu|fe fu

u|g|fu|feg``v ufjafhfega|, bngafaj |mg| |mn ynusne|fxn n}s`gag|dyv xgyfgi`nu falnnl n}s`gfa

fah`g|fda! F| ynone|u |mn mvsd|mnufu |mg| g`` ednhhfefna|u gyn nw~g` |d nyd! ûfaj |mn Ygbunv

-7686& YNUN\ |nu|, |mn mvsd|mnufu |mg| |mn bdln` fu bfuusnefhfnl fu ynone|nl! \mfu fu

umdza iv |mn H"u|g|fu|fe hdy |mn YNUN\ |nu|! Hydb |mg| zn ega fahny |mg| |mn bdln` fu

edyyne|`v usnefhfnl! \mn nyydyu gyn gùd hd~al |d ingy ad g~|dedyyn`g|fda, |mg| fu |mnv gyn

mdbduknlgu|fe!

\mn ynu~`|u dh \gi`n

in|znna fah`g|fda gal d~y falnsnalna| xgyfgi`nu! \mn ynu~`|u ynxng` sduf|fxn gal mfjm`vufjafhfega| ednhhfefna|u dh i~ljn| lnhfef| gal bdanv jydz|m gu fu umdza fa \gi`n

syfbgyv hde~u dh |mfu u|~lv fu |d n}gbfan |mn fah`g|fdagyv nhhne|u -dy giunaen |mnyndh& dh

lnhfef|u gal bdanv jydz|m! \mn lnhfef| xgyfgi`n egyyfnu g sduf|fxn ufja gal anjg|fxn g| `gj

dan! \mfu bngau |mg| e~yyna| lnhfef| eda|yfi~|nu sduf|fxn`v |d fah`g|fdagyv sydenuu fa Ud~|m

Ghyfeg! G| `gj dan, |mn anjg|fxn ufja u~jjnu|u |mg| ngem snyena| sdfa| dh lnhfef| gu g yg|fd

dh JLS u~i|yge|u 3!7 snyena| sdfa| hydb |mn yg|n dh fah`g|fda |mn an}| vngy! \mn nxflnaen

mnyn u~jjnu|u |mg| jdxnyabna| lnhfef|u mgxn g ufjafhfega| nhhne| da |mn syfen `nxn` fa Ud~|m

Ghyfega nedadbv! \mfu falfyne|`v u~ssdy|u Lgyyg|u -76=>& edae`~ufda zmfem egu|u ld~i|

da |mn synunaen dh g ufjafhfega| eydzlfaj"d~| nhhne| dh i~ljn| lnhfef|u fa |mn âf|nl

U|g|nu!

\mn ednhhfefna| dh bdanv jydz|m xgyfgi`n fu sduf|fxn`v edyyn`g|nl zf|m fah`g|fda

gal u|g|fu|feg``v ufjafhfega| i~| anjg|fxn g| `gj dan! \mfu fbs`fnu |mg| bdanv jydz|m

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`gjjnl iv |zd gssngyu |d in bdyn ufjafhfega| |mga zmna f| `gjjnl iv dan w~gy|ny! \mnun

ynu~`|u gyn edaufu|na| zf|m nedadbfe |mndyv gal gyn fa eda|ygyv zf|m Lgyyg|u -76=>&

hfalfaju zmfem ynxng`nl g anjg|fxn yn`g|fdaumfs in|znna |mn yg|n dh fah`g|fda gal |mn

jydz|m yg|n da bdanv u~ss`v! \mn anjg|fxn yn`g|fdaumfs iv Lgyyg| -76=>& bgv in l~n |d

zmg| Yguemn -76=:& eg` u g lyfh| fa lyfh|! \mfu smnadbnada g||yfi~|nu emgajnu fa B7

xn`def|v |d |mn lne`fan dh fah`g|fdagyv n}sne|g|fdau gal fau|gif`f|v dh |mn nedadbv! JLS

jydz|m mgu g anjg|fxn fbsge| da fah`g|fda yg|n fa Ud~|m Ghyfeg! F| u~jjnu|u |mg| JLS

jydz|m ynl~enu fah`g|fda yg|n iv 3!> snyena|! \mfu g`ud fu fa `fan zf|m nedadbfe |mndyv!

\mfu fbs`fnu |mg| g| `nuu |mga h~`` nbs`dvbna| g yfun fa JLS jydz|m ldnu ad| anenuugyf`v

`ngl |d fah`g|fda i~| yg|mny `nglu |d g ynl~e|fda fa fah`g|fda!

Gsgy| hydb |mn eda|yfi~|fda iv |mnun |zd xgyfgi`nu, d|mny xgyfgi`nu gyn g`ud

faxnu|fjg|nl gal gyn hd~al |d in fah`g|fdagyv fa |mn nedadbv! \mn fbsdy| syfen xgyfgi`n

mgu g anjg|fxn ufja, zmfem ldnu ad| u~ssdy| nedadbfe |mndyv! F| u~jjnu|u |mg| fbsdy|

syfenu ynl~en 3!9 snyena| hydb fah g|fda fa Ud~|m Ghyfeg! Zgjnu gyn ada"fah`g|fda

eda|yfi~|faj gal ynl~en fah`g|fda iv 3!39 snyena| |d fah`g|fda gal |mn hdynfja yg|n fh

fa|nynu| -gxnygjn dh |mn fa|nynu| yg|nu dh Ud~|m Ghyfegu bgody |yglfaj sgy|anyu, ^!U, ^!K

gal Jnybgav& eda|yfi~|nu |d fah`g|fda sydenuu! \mn sguunl xg`~n dh fah`g|fda mgu g mfjmny

eda|yfi~|dyv nhhne| da e~yyna| fah`g|fda ufaen f| gllu gid~| 3!35 snyena| |d fah`g|fda! Igunl

da |mn Emdz -7683& iyngk sdfa| |nu| synxfd~u`v ynsdy|nl, |mn ednhhfefna| dhL -l~bbv&

egyyfnu g sduf|fxn ufja gal fu ufjafhfega|! \mfu u~ssdy|u d~y ngy`fny e`gfb |mg| |mn sdu|"

gsgy|mnfl nyg mgu ad| eda|yfi~|nl |d faeyngunu fa lnhfef|u gal bdanv u~ss`v, mnaen

fah`g|fda! Fa u~b, d~y bdln` dh |mfu u|~lv n}s`gfau |mn ~alny`vfaj xgyfg|fdau fa |mn yg|n dh

fah`g|fda l~yfaj 76:>"9335!

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EMGS\NY >

>!3 U^BBGYV, EDAE@ÛFDA GAL SD@FEV YNEDBBNALG\FDAU

>!7 FA\YDLÊ\FDA

\mfu une|fda lfue~uunu |mn u~bbgyv, edae`~ufdau gal |mn sd`fev ynedbbnalg|fdau

igunl da |mn ynu~`|u di|gfanl! Fa |mn sd`fev ynedbbnalg|fdau, sd`fev fbs`feg|fdau dh |mn

hfalfaju gyn lfue~uunl gal udbn u~jjnu|fdau gyn bgln |d jn| yfl dh |mn sydi`nb

guudefg|nl zf|m i~ljn| lnhfef|, bdanv jydz|m gal fah`g|fda fa |mn nedadbv dh Ud~|m

Ghyfeg!

>!9 U^BBGYV GAL EDAE@ÛFDAU

ûfaj w~gy|ny`v lg|g edxnyfaj |mn snyfdl 76:>"9335 |mn n}fu|naen dh g u|gi`n `daj"

y~a yn`g|fdaumfs in|znna i~ljn| lnhfef|, bdanv jydz|m gal fah`g|fda fu |nu|nl fa |mfu u|~lv

gal |mn ynu~`|u mgxn inna ghhfybg|fxn! Eg~ug`f|v gal edfa|njyg|fda |nu|u mgxn inna ldan!

ûfaj |mn edfa|njyg|fda xne|dyu hd~al fa |mn u|~lv, g ufjafhfega| fbsge| dh i~ljn| lnhfef|

da fah`g|fda egaad| in ynh~|nl! \mn fany|fg fa |mn fah`g|fda ed~`l in l~n |d |mn

gee~b~`g|fda dh |mn fah`g|fdagyv n}sne|g|fdau! F| ega gùd in n}s`gfanl iv |mn jnanyg`

nw~f`fiyf~b ag|~yn dh syfen uvu|nb zmnyn |mn faeyngun fa dan syfen zf`` lyfxn ~s |mn d|mny

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danu gal |mn eda|fa~f|v dh |mn sydenuu zf`` in j~gyga|nnl zmnanxny dxnyumdd|faj dh udbn

syfenu dee~y!

>!5 SD@FEV FBS@FEG\FDA GAL YNEDBBNALG\FDAU

\mn sd`fev fbs`feg|fda dh |mfu u|~lv fu |mg| fah`g|fda fa Ud~|m Ghyfeg fu bgfa`v l~n

|d faeyngunu fa i~ljn| lnhfef| gal |mn jydz|m dh bdanv u~ss`v! \mn u|~lv mgu umdza |mg|

fah`g|fda fa Ud~|m Ghyfeg fu `gyjn`v u|y~e|~yg` fa ag|~yn gal |mg| |mn bdan|gyv g~|mdyf|fnu

mgxn `fbf|nl eda|yd` dxny |mn bgfa ln|nybfaga|u |mnyndh gu |mn hfueg` ufln dh |mn nedadbv

eda|yfi~|nu |dzgylu fah`g|fda sydenuu! \mfu u~jjnu|u |mg| f| in lfhhfe~`| |d gemfnxn |mn

dione|fxn dh ynl~efaj fah`g|fda |d |mn `nxn`u synxgf`faj fa |mn ed~a|yfnu bgfa |yglfaj

sgy|anyu! Fah`g|fda ynl~e|fda fu `fkn`v |d in sgy|fe~`gy`v u`dz gal edu|`v fa |nybu dh d~|s~|

gal nbs`dvbna| fh s~yu~nl n}e`~ufxn`v iv fa|nynu| yg|n bgafs~`g|fda gal zgjn faeyngunu

fa n}enuu dh sydl~e|fxf|v jydz|m!

\mn u|~lv umdzu |mg| hfueg` i~ljn| lnhfef| gal jydz|m dh bdanv u~ss`v mgxn

nw~g``v eda|yfi~|dyv fbsge| da Ud~|m Ghyfegu fah`g|fdagyv sydenuu! \mnynhdyn, fa dylny

hdy Ud~|m Ghyfeg |d eda|yd` f|u fah`g|fda yg|nu, f| annlu |d e~| |mn ufn dh jdxnyabna| lnhfef|

snymgsu iv e~||faj |mn ufn dh f|u i~yng~eygev lygu|feg``v! \mn sd`fev dh e~||faj

jdxnyabna| n}snalf|~ynu |d eda|yd` ldbnu|fe fah`g|fda zgu g`ud glxdeg|nl iv Edyunsf~u

-76=6& zmna gllynuufaj |mn Sny~xfga n}snyfnaen! \mn jdxnyabna| ngem vngy faeyngunu |mn

gbd~a| dh udefg` jyga|u gal |mnun mgxn |d in mn`l edau|ga| hdy udbn|fbn! \mfu zf`` mn`s fa

|mn ynl~e|fda dh jdxnyabna| n}snalf|~yn! Snymgsu nw~g``v fbsdy|ga|, |mfu lfyne| gal

sd|na| fbsge| dh i~ljn| lnhfef| da fah`g|fda fu ad| eda|fajna| ~sda lni| bdan|fg|fda

ufaen |mn bdan|gyv g~|mdyf|fnu gyn |yvfaj |d bgfa|gfa |mn ufjafhfega| fbsge| dh bdanv

jydz|m da fah`g|fda! F| umd~`l in ad|nl |mg|, edbsgynl |d d|mny ln|nybfaga|u dh fah`g|fda,

i~ljn| lnhfef| gal bdanv jydz|m unnb |d mgxn g w~fekny gal u|ydajny nhhne| da fah`g|fda!

F| unnbu ~unh~` |d ad|n |mg| d~y u|~lvu nxflnaen hdy |mn ufjafhfegaen fbsge| dh

i~ljn| lnhfef| da gjjynjg|n lnbgal -fah`g|fda& fu faedaufu|na| zf|m |mn Yfegylfga

Nw~fxg`naen mvsd|mnufu -Igyyd, 76:


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|d fah`g|fda fh bdan|fnl, ynl~en ag|fdag` ugxfaju gal |m~u eydzl d~| syfxg|n faxnu|bna|!

Ufaen nedadbfe |mndyv u~jjnu|u |mg| |mnyn fu g sduf|fxn yn`g|fdaumfs in|znna faxnu|bna|

gal nedadbfe jydz|m, eydzlfaj d~| syfxg|n faxnu|bna| `nglu |d g lne`fan fa nedadbfe

jydz|m! \mnynhdyn |mn jdxnyabna| umd~`l |yv |d ynl~en f|u n}snalf|~ynu ud |mg| |mnyn

zd~`l ad| in mfjm lnhfef|u, zmfem fa hge| zf`` |ygauhdyb |d fah`g|fda da g `g|ny lg|n,

d|mnyzfun |mn nedadbv zf`` u~hhny |mn edu|u dh fah`g|fda! \mn eda|yd` dh fah`g|fda ynw~fynu

ln`finyg|n ge|fda iv |mn i~ljn|gyv g~|mdyf|fnu fh |mn bdan|gyv fu ad| |d in n}enuufxn!

YNHNYNAENU

Gjmxn`f, I!I! gal Kmga, B!U! -76:=&!Jdxnyabna| lnhfef|u gal |mn fah`g|fdagyv sydenuu fa

Lnxn`dsfaj ed~a|7yfnu!FBH u|ghh sgsnyu! Xd` 9>

Gkegv, D!E, Db~e~y, U! gal G`sny, E!N! -7668&! I~ljn| Lnhfef|u, Bdanv u~ss`v gal

Fah`g|fda? Nxflnaen hydb `dz gal Mfjm hynw~naev Lg|g hdy \~yknv! Ynungyem

Sgsny! Lnsgy|bna| dh Nedadbfeu, Idjgfef ^afxnyuf|v!

Gknfkn, M! -76:&?6


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S~i`fumnyu, Anz Vdyk!

Egjga, S! -76>8&! \mn bdan|gyv lvagbfeu dh mvsnyfah`g|fda fa u|~lfnu fa |mn w~ga|f|v

\mndyv dh bdanv,nl Bf`|da Hyfnlbga! ^afxnyuf|v dh Emfegjd Synuu! Emfegjd!

Emd~lmgyv, B!G!U gal Sgygf, G! -7667&! I~ljn| lnhfef| gal Fah`g|fda? |mn Sny~xfga

N}snyfnaen!Gss`fnl nedadbfeu! 95? 777:"7797!

Emdz, J! -7683&! \nu| dh nw~g`f|v in|znna un|u dh ednhhfefna|u fa |zd `fangy ynjynuufdau!

Nedadbn|yfeu, 9=?>67"83>!

Edyunsf~u, ^! -76=6& Sny~ g| |mn iyfak dh nedadbfe ed``gsun? E~yyna| sydi`nbu gal

Sd`fev ds|fdau!Knf` Lfue~uufda Sgsnyu, Knf` Fau|f|~|n dh Zdy`l Nedadbfeu, Znu|

Jnybgav!

Lgyyg|, G!H! -76=>&! Fah`g|fda gal hnlnyg` i~ljn| lnhfef|u? udbn nbsfyfeg` ynu~`|u,S~i`fe

Hfagaen W~gy|ny`v! 75?938"97>!

TTTTTTT -9333&! Gyn i~ljn| lnhfef|u fah`g|fdagyv4 G ynedauflnyg|fda dh nxflnaen! Gss`fnl

Nedadbfeu @n||nyu!:?855"858

Lfeknv, L!G! gal H~``ny, Z!G! -76:6&! Lfu|yfi~|fda dh |mn nu|fbg|dyu hdy G~|dynjynuufxn

\fbn unyfnu zf|m g ~af| ydd|! Od~yag` dh |mn Gbnyfega U|g|fu|feg` Guudefg|fda!

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Anvgs|f, I! -9335&! I~ljn| lnhfef|u gal fah`g|fda? \mn yd`n dh ena|yg` igak falnsnalnaen

gal hfagaefg` bgykn| lnxn`dsbna|! Eda|nbsdygyv Nedadbfe sd`fev! -De|diny&

97-68!

Sg|fakfa, L! -768>&! Bdanv, Fa|nynu| gal syfenu? Ga fa|njyg|fda dh bdan|gyv gal xg`~n

|mndyv -7u| nl!&! Mgysny gal Ydz, Anz Vdyk!

Smf``fsu, S! -76=:&! \fbn unyfnu ynjynuufda zf|m ~af| ydd|u! Nedadbn|yfeg! >>?9::"537!

TTTTTTTTT gal Snyyda , \! -76==&! \nu|faj hdy ~af| ydd| fa |fbn unyfnu ynjynuufda!

Ifdbn|yfeg! :>?55>"53"5:7!

Yguemn, Y!M!! -76=:&! B7 xn`def|v gal bdanv lnbgal h~ae|fdau? ld u|gi`n yn`g|fdaumfsu

n}fu|4Fa Nbsfyfeg` U|~lfnu dh Xn`def|v, Yng` N}emgajn Yg|nu, ^anbs`dvbna| gal

Sydl~e|fxf|v-Nlu& Iy~aany, K gal Bn`|ny, Ady|m Md``gal, Gbu|nylgb!

Ugyjna|, \!O! gal Zg``gen, A! -76:5&! Yg|fdag` n}sne|g|fdau gal |mn lvagbfeu dh

mvsnyfah`g|fda! Fa|nyag|fdag` Nedadbfe Ynxfnz! Xd` 7

TTTTTT-76=7&! Udbn ~as`nguga| bdan|gyfu| gyf|mbn|fe!Hnlnyg`

Ynunyxn Igak dh Bfaangsd`fu W~gy|ny`v Ynxfnz! >? 7"7:!

U`dbga, O! - 766:&! Nedadbfeu! Syna|fen Mg``, @dalda!

Uadzlda, I! - 766! Syn|dyfg!

U|yvldb, S!L!H! -76:8&! Fah`g|fda fa Ud~|m Ghyfeg? Fau|f|~|fdag` gusne|u! Ud~|m Ghyfega

Od~yag` dh Nedadbfeu!


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Uemzg|, J! -76:=&! Nu|fbg|faj |mn lfbnaufda dh g bdln`! \mn Gaag`u u|g|fu|feu! Xd`!8?

"3!3859 3!338393 3!37=53!3>883> "3!3387>< "3!33:775 3!3335=: 3!359666 "3!379886 3!33!=689 dfa|njyg|fajNw~g|fda-u&

GFAH@GFDATYG\N GXNYTYG\N I^LJN\TLNHFEF\ JLSTJYDZ\M FBSDY\TSYFENU BDANVTJYDZ\M ZGJNYG\N7!333333 3!333333 3!5>75& -3!:639:!7>73& -96!56>9& -9


46/49

-79!=6=8& ->!=5556& -:!& -7:!&@dj fkn`fmddl "7>=>!5:>

< edfa|njyg|fajNw~g|fda-u&

GFAH@GFDATYG\N GXNYTYG\N I^LJN\TLNHFEF\ JLSTJYDZ\M FBSDY\TSYFENU BDANVTJYDZ\M ZGJNYG\N

7!333333 3!333333 3!333333 3!333333 5!9:=68: "7!5>67>6 "3!39=9=9-79!97=9&

3!333333 7!333333 3!333333 3!333333 56!>8= "75!:>!=>9

> edfa|njyg|fajNw~g|fda-u&

GFAH@GFDATYG\N GXNYTYG\N I^LJN\TLNHFEF\ JLSTJYDZ\M FBSDY\TSYFENU BDANVTJYDZ\M ZGJNYG\N7!333333 3!333333 3!333333 3!333333 3!333333 "7!37=86!3>>

8 edfa|njyg|fajNw~g|fda-u&

GFAH@GFDATYG\N GXNYTYG\N I^LJN\TLNHFEF\ JLSTJYDZ\M FBSDY\TSYFENU BDANVTJYDZ\M ZGJNYG\N7!333333 3!333333 3!333333 3!333333 3!333333 3!333333 "3!9985!3=. -7.& ufjafhfegaen `nxn`!!


47/49

GSSNALF] I!

NYYDY EDYYNE\FDA \NU\ YNU^@\U

LNSNALNA\ XGYFGI@N?Fah

XGYFGI@N EDNHHFEFNA\ \"U\G\ SYDI!

E 3!3=88>7 3!377>

FBS "3!398>336< 3!==77

IL|"9 3!3797 3!357957 9!=69999 3!35:


48/49

BU 3!353889 9!585786 3!7358

BU|"7 3!33=3

BU|"9 "3!379< "3!69 3!853

U^BBGYV U\G\FU\FEU

Y9 23!=8:=6 GLO Y9 2 3!=887>

YGBUNV

M3? Bdln` bfuusnefhfnl

H2 3!::=6 Sydi 2 3!5==33

I"J Unyfg` edyyn`g|fda @B \nu|

H 2 7!=935 Sydi 2 3!7556

ZMF\N MN\NYDUENLGU\FEF\V \NU\

H2 7!:9:: Sydi 2 3!39587:

O"I 293!>8: -3!7537&

Sydi 2 3!9


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Thesis Final Draft4 Khumalo

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