Thesis book 12dec

1

Abs

trac

t

We are living in a consumption society where people are less conscious about their impact to the environment. As in many fast growing cities, Bangkok is also facing the problem but most people still pay least attention to reduce plastic con-sumption.

From the research, I came across a trend reducing plastic waste by refilling with a reuse container. This trend could have a massive impact in solving this problem while benefiting both consumers and producers.

Therefore, this thesis aims to introduce a new lifestyle raising awareness and that refilling can reduce plastic waste and encouraging people in Bangkok to adhere such behaviour.

As a result, I am proposing a product service system suitable for the context of-Bangkok society, offering users the accessibility towards a sustainable lifestyle through the refilling system.

Viviamo in una società dei consumi dove le persone sono meno consapevoli del loro impatto sull’ambiente. Come in molte città in rapida crescita, anche Bangkok sta fronteggiando questo problema, ma la maggioranza delle persone continua a prestare meno attenzione nella riduzione del consumo di plastica.

Dalla riempimento, mi sono imbattuta in un trend sulla riduzione dei rifiuti di plas-tica attraverso la ricarica un contenitore di riutilizzo. Questa tendenza potrebbe avere un impatto enorme nel risolvere questo problema apportando un vantaggio sia per i consumatori che per i produttori.

Pertanto, questa tesi si propone di introdurre un nuovo stile di vita che aumenti la consapevolezza che attraverso il riempimento è possibile ridurre i rifiuti di plas-tica e che incoraggi le persone a Bangkok ad aderire a tale comportamento.

Come risultato, propongo un sistema di servizi e prodotto adatto per il contesto della società Bangkok, offrendo agli utenti l’accessibilità a uno stile di vita sos-tenibile attraverso il sistema di ricarica.

Italian

English

23

In “NATURE” trash doesn’t exists

45

Intr

oduc

tion

In consideration of developing and designing the idea of refilling to match with Bangkok society, this book is divided into 4 chapters. First three chapters explain about the overall plastic problem throughout the world and in Bangkok while the last chapter shows how this new product service system meets Bangkok life-style.

The first chapter focuses on the understanding of the global problem of plastic waste starting from the production line to the recycle bin.

The second chapter talks about Bangkok society and its problem which the awareness of environment and the over-consumption of the society are closely investigated.

The third chapter consists of two parts; first part displays on-going trends and the enthusiasm of people in solving this problem from around the world. Second part presents case studies of dfferent refill systems that have been developed. Each case study has been intensely examined and analyzed for the purpose of developing the refill system for Bangkok society.

Finally, the last chapter, using all the data gathered from previous chapters I pro-posed a product service system that matches Bangkok society while offering users the accessibility towards a sustainable lifestyle.

This thesis hopes to create an appropriate refill service system for Bangkok society and also becoming a trigger for people to change their life style toward sustainability.

Understandingthe problem

Research and analyze on Bangkok city

Analysis ofCase studies

Mindmapping &Project Development

a refill service system for Bangkok’s new lifestyle towards sustainability

For the past century, we cannot ignore the benefits of plastics which have been introduced in many different ways since plastics can be rapidly produced to any desired form.

However, since we are living in a consumption society where people are less conscious about consuming and producing; the number of plastic waste has in-creased dramatically causing many severe problems to our environment.

Thus, if it is us who are causing these problems by consuming and producing without awareness then it is us who have to change in order to solve this prob-lem. The solution is not only by changing how we consume but also to find out how we can reduce plastic from production line.

Nowadays plastic waste problem is also one of the major problems in many fast growing cities like Bangkok. Nonetheless plastic waste problem is barely recog-nized in Bangkok.

Therefore, the aim of this thesis is to provide a service system that creates a new lifestyle towards sustainability by encouraging people to think about reusing before recycling and raising awareness in Bangkok society.

To begin with, I have been researching about the plastic waste problem and the reaction of people with the problem. According to the macro research, the awareness of people toward this problem is constantly growing as well as many solutions have been carried out around the world to tackle this problem.

I came across this one trend called, “REFILL”, that could have a massive impact on this problem. Refilling is a new way to reduce plastic waste right from the be-ginning by allowing consumers to reuse their used plastic container to refill the product while brands have an alternative to offer products to their customers in a more sustainable manner.

67

ABSTRACT (ENGLISH & ITALIAN)INTRODUCTION

PLASTIC WASTE Plastic waste 13Pollution from plastics production 15Disposal & Recycle 17Types of Plastic Bottles 19Where does the waste go 21Great Pacific Garbage Patch 23-25Reuse before Recycle 29Life less plastic 31

ABOUT BANGKOKBangkok in general 39Bangkok waste 41Plastic waste in Bangkok 43Awareness of Thais towards plastic waste 45Wrong mindset of Thai campaign 47Plastic product in our daily life 53Plastic container in one household 55

TRENDSWays to reduce plastic consumption 63 WAY 1 : BRING YOUR OWN EVERYTHING , B.Y.O.E. 65 Way 2 : Sell & Buy in Bulk 67-69 Way 3 : Refilling, the 4th R 71System of refilling 73Packaged product system VS Refill system 75Advantages and benefits 77

CASE STUDIES AND ANALYSIS 81 Unpackaged 82-85 Green depot 86-89 Green 11 90-93 The refill shoppe 94-97 Market of choices 98-101 Negozio leggero di Torino 102-105 Effecorta 106-109 Millebolle 110-113 Simply sma 114-117 Neutral 118-121 Eco Goccio 122-125 Punto pulito bio 126-129 Ecopulito 130-133 Ecologos : Reducimballi project 134-137 Vomfass 138-141Comparison 142-145

PROJECT It’s time to change 149change? . . . starts to rethink reuse and refill 153WHAT : Refilling system for household detergent 155WHERE : Bangkok condominium 157WHO : Condominium habitant 159HOW : System map 161TOUCHPOINT Brochure and member card 163 Machine 165-169 Label and Tag for reuse bottle 171 Mobile application 173 Member Privilege : reCommend ME! service & Points 175 Receipt and point’s rules 177 Website 178-181 Coorperate identity : Logo and its customization 183HOW : CUSTOMER JOURNEY New user 185 Pre-order via mobile application 187 Tips&Tricks , reCommend ME! service 189Benefits For user 190 For brand 191 For the Condominium 191

IMAGE INDEX 194-195BIBLIOGRAPHY 196-199

Chapter

1

Chapter

2

Chapter

3

Chapter

3

Chapter

4

Con

tent

89

How can we raise thai’s awareness to reduce plastic waste so they can make better choices?

1011

PLASTIC WASTEchapter 1

1213

Plastic is something we all use and so many things are nei-ther made of it nor packaged in it. Since it is durable, versatile, lightweight, hygienic, cheap and strong: synthetic plastic is ar-guably one of the most useful inventions of the last century.

It is essential in medical equipment, technology and thou-sands of devices which have increased our standard of living.

But those very same attributes of durability and cheapness make plastic one of the most pervasive forms of waste on the planet, A vast amount of plastic is getting thrown away in an irresponsible way.

Environmentally, plastic is a growing disaster. Plastic is the fastest-growing component of the waste stream. And be-cause plastic essentially never biodegrades, once littered plastic becomes a permanent environmental problem.

Plastic container is an enormous source of landfill waste and is regularly eaten by numerous marine and land ani-mals, to fatal consequences.

In this chapter I would again pointing out a bit more about plastic and its types, problem that is going on and why do we need to solve the problem.

Pla

stic

was

te

Page

6 I

PR

EFA

CE

1415

The production and the use of plastics have a range of environmental impacts. Firstly, plastics production requires significant quantities of resources, primarily fossil fuels, both as a raw material and to deliver energy for the manufactur-ing process. It is estimated that 4% of the world’s annual oil production is used as a feedstock for plastics production and an additional 3-4% during manufacture.

In addition, plastics manufacture requires other resources such as land, water, produces waste and emissions. The overall environmental impact varies according to the type of plastic and the production method employed.

Plastics production also involves the use of potentially harmful chemicals, which are added as stabilizers or colo-rants. Many of these have not undergone environmental risk assessment and their impact on human health and the envi-ronment is currently uncertain. An example of this is phtha-lates, which are used in the manufacture of PVC. PVC has in the past been used in toys for young children and there has been concern that phthalates may be released when these toys are sucked (come into contact with saliva). Risk assess-ments of the effects of phthalates on the environment are currently being carried out.

Pol

luti

on fr

om p

last

ics

prod

ucti

on

CO2

100g230g190g

1.7lt

container of liquid detergent has a mass of about 100 grams,equivalent to 190 grams of oil, 1.7 liters of water and 230 g of CO2

Cha

pter

1 I

PLA

STIC

WAS

TE

1617

The disposal of plastics products also contributes signifi-cantly to the environmental impact. Since most plastics are non-degradable, they take a long time to break down, possi-bly up to hundreds of years - although no one knows for cer-tain as plastics haven’t existed for long enough - when there are landfill.

With more and more plastics products, particularly plastics packaging, being disposed of soon after their purchase, the landfill space required by plastics waste is a growing con-cern, Plastic bottles are a major contributor, followed by plastic bags, fishing line, and other plastic pieces.

Moreover, Many plastic items end up in the marine environ-ment, where they drift, become entangled, and often litter beaches. Some plastics, such as polystyrene, can fragment into smaller and smaller pellets. They may become less no-ticeable, but they are still present. Filter-feeding organisms take in floating pieces. Tiny plankton may contain plastic, and consumers up the food chain may Bioaccumulate much larg-er quantities. Larger plastics are found in marine mammals, large fishes, seabirds, and turtles, after being mistaken for jellyfish and other edible organisms – balloons are notorious for confusing animals. These indigestible pieces can lead to injury and even death, through digestive blockage, strangu-lation, or amputation.

Although many types of plastics could potentially be recy-cled, the plastic recycling produces a lot of pollution and as a result it can be very harmful for the environment in which we live. Thus plastic recycling should be done in such a manner that it reduces the pollution to the minimum level.

Dis

posa

l & R

ecyc

le

Cha

pter

1 I

PLA

STIC

WAS

TE

1819

To assist recycling of disposable items, the Plastic Bottle Insti-tute of the Society of the Plastics Industry devised a now-familiar scheme to mark plastic bottles by plastic type.

A plastic container using this scheme is marked with a tri-angle of three cyclic arrows, which encloses a number giving the plastic type:

Plastics type marks:The resin identification code

1//PET(PETE), polyethylene terephthalate, is commonly found in 2-liter soft drink bottles, water bottles, cooking oil bottles, peanut butter jars.

2//HDPE, high-density polyethylene, is commonly found in detergent bottles and milk jugs.

3//PVC, polyvinyl chloride, is commonly found in plastic pipes, outdoor furniture, siding, floor tiles, shower curtains, clamshell packaging.

4//LDPE, low-density polyethylene, is commonly found in dry-cleaning bags, produce bags, trash can liners, and food storage containers.

5//PP, polypropylene, is commonly found in bottle caps, drinking straws, yogurt containers.

6//PS, polystyrene, is commonly found in “packing peanuts”, cups, plastic tableware, meat trays, take-away food clam-shell containers.

7//Other, is commonly found in certain kinds of food contain-ers, Tupperware, and Nalgene bottles.

Type

s of

pla

stic

con

tain

er

Cha

pter

1 I

PLA

STIC

WAS

TE

2021

Plastic doesn’t decompose or compost. The plastic that is sitting in the ocean right now will NEVER go away.

LandfillThese lansfills are being filled too quickly and we are run-ning out of space. Regulations now mean that new landfills have to be engineered to stop leachate (nasty liquids, juices and dirty rainwater that collects at the bottom of the pit) from contaminating underground water streams and dan-gerous gases (carbon dioxide and methane) from escaping into the air.

IncinerationIn some places rubbish is burned, usually in big cities where there is no space for landfills. Some industry officials have promoted the incineration of plastic as a means of disposal. A similar process known as pyrolysis bakes plastics into a hydrocarbon soup which can be reused in oil and chemi-cal refineries. However, both incineration and pyrolysis are much more expensive than recycling, and each process also poses severe air pollution problems.

Marine PollutionA large proportion of plastic winds up in the ocean, where it is often torn into small particles which are eaten by marine animals. This causes a possible serious threat to the food chain, as the marine animals are eaten by other animals which eventually wind up in human diets. As the research, Lantern fish, common food for Tuna, Salmon, and Mahi Mahi, fish that you and I eat, contained plastic particles in their stomachs. The record holder had 84 pieces of plastic in its gut - and these fishes are only 2-3 inches long!

RecycleOnly 5% of the trash in the world is being recycled and, the plastic recycling produces a lot of pollution and as a result it can be very harmful for the environment in which we live.

Whe

re d

oes

the

was

te g

o

Whatever goes into the ocean goes into these animals and onto your dinner plate.

Dr. Marcus Eriksen, research Director of

the Algalita Institute in Atlanta

less than 50% are recycled

end up in landfill ocean Incineration

end up in landfill

new product

YES . . . IT COMES BACK TO YOU !

emissionCO2

emissiondrinkconteminated water eat plastic piecesCO2

Cha

pter

1 I

PLA

STIC

WAS

TE

2223

There is a huge plastic waste dump site, the “Plastic Island”, in the Pacific Ocean that is twice the size of Texas. It is esti-mated that 10% of the world’s plastic waste finds its way into the sea and slowly but surely most of it ends up in the Pacific Ocean. The “Plastic Island”, it is not really a floating island. It is more like a soup of plastic pieces floating in the ocean just below the surface. It is located about 900 kilometers from California, between Hawaii and Japan.

Sea currents transport the waste to the “Dead zones”, scien-tifically the area is known as the Northern Pacific Gyre, one of five gyres in the world oceans. They are areas of sea where water circulates clockwise in a very slow spiral. Winds are light and the currents tend to force any floating material into the low energy center of the gyre everything afloat becomes trapped. Without a doubt, these areas trap debris into one large constant mass of plastic. The pieces of plastic come from all over the world. Any country that has a shore or river, where such pieces blow or wash out to sea is a source.

According to the research of the plastic dump in the Pacific Ocean, the northern Pacific plastic dump is deceptive to the eye. While it contains huge amounts of plastic waste it is not all floating on the surface. Wave action and the heat of the sun degrade the plastic into smaller and smaller particles which can form a sinking toxic soup that extends down to 6 meters below the ocean’s surface.

Eventually, over 70 percent of discarded plastic sinks toward the ocean’s bottom. The Dutch researchers have counted an astounding 600 thousand tones of plastic sitting on the North Sea floor. As that ocean floor becomes increasingly smoth-ered by descending bits of plastic sea bed organisms strug-gle for survival.

This mass of plastic is slowly being broken down into a plastic dust that marine wildlife mistake for food. Small fishes con-sume tiny bits of plastic as if they were normal plankton. Those fishes are then consumed by larger species and the plastic contamination moves up the food chain. Some researchers estimate that there are over six kilos of plastic for every kilo of naturally occurring plankton in the Pacific plastic dump.

Gre

at P

acifi

c G

arba

ge P

atch

2425

The UN Environmental Program estimates that over a million seabirds, as well as more than 100 thousand marine mam-mals, die every year from ingesting plastic debris. Dead sea-birds having mistaken plastics for food have been found with discarded plastic lighters, water bottle caps and scraps of plastic bags in their stomachs.

The problem is being intensified as modern plastics become more durable and increasingly more disposable. As the Pa-cific plastic dump grows, and it could double in size by 2015, the effect on the human food chain becomes more toxic and problematic

This turtle experienced abnormal growth because of a plastic ring float-ing in the ocean

A dead bird with a stomach full of plastic-most likely it’s cause of death

2829

REDUCE BEFORE REUSEREUSE BEFORE RECYCLE!

The recycling movement has gathered plenty of steam in re-cent years which is wonderful as there is far less waste hit-ting our landfills and far more resources being reclaimed.

Many of us that wants to go greener often firstly think of re-cycle, as if you recycle you are doing the best thing to the world but actually recycling also causes a lot of CO2 emis-sion, pollute the environment and some waste like plastic will never be able to fully recycle.

Of course, Recycle is a good thing to do but what about reduce the consumption, and reuse what you can reuse before you throw it away? In this case, no trash will end up in the landfill and no CO2 emission will be caused in the recycle process.

Reu

se b

efor

e R

ecyc

le

Unless you’re very, very disciplined - and most of us frankly aren’t - then you’re quite likely to end up by throwing away.

Dick Searle, UK Packaging Federation

THINK BEFORE

YOU BUY

THINK BEFORE

YOUTHROW!

111

Cha

pter

1 I

PLA

STIC

WAS

TE

3031

Could You Eliminate Plastic From Your Life?

Plastic is everywhere. Plastic is in our kitchens, our bath-rooms, our offices, and our cars. It’s likely that no matter where you are right now, you are surrounded with plastic, all of which will likely find its way to a landfill for over a billion years.

Who in the world would live without plastic? and How can you possibly get away from it?!

There is!, there are people who tried out this action and re-ally able to cut plastic out of their life.

Jeanne Haegele,the 28-year-old Chicago resident and the blogger behind Life Less Plastic decided to try to decrease plastic’s presence in her life. Since September 2007, Hae-gele started to become as plastic-free as possible.

She began eating more fruits and vegetables and began shopping at stores with bulk bins, which allow customers to refill their own containers. According to her blog, she has not only experienced significant cost savings, but her diet has become much healthier, adding two more reasons to remove some of the plastic from her life.

As well as Beth Terry, the blogger behind Fake Plastic Fish.

Nonetheless, there are some actions going on around the world to solve this problem, many people are trying out this new trend, “A month without plastic”, by this means not buy-ing or accepting anything which contains plastic or is pack-aged in plastic with the aim of seeing how possible it is to live without new plastic.

Christine Jeavans in UK, Cliff Nathan Hansen in Korea, Jesús García Barcala in Spain are trying out this action and posting on the socialnetwork which become a trend for the follower to do so. This actions show that people are aware of the problem and try to cut plastic out of their life.

Would it be any easier way to help them cut the plastic out of their life? Life less plastic shouldn’t be that hard anymore!

Life

less

pla

stic

Habits are hard to break, but sometimes you just have to try.

Cha

pter

1 I

PLA

STIC

WAS

TE

Christine Jeavans’s “A month with out plastic” tally on the left, and a previous month on the right

Plastic in thehouse

Plastic from the month before

Plasticfrom“A month without plastic”

3233

How is the plastic waste problem in Bangkok, Thailand

3435

BANGKOKchapter 2

3637

BANGKOKCity of angels

3839

Bangkok

Transportations

Thailand 67,422,887 33,114,700 34,308,187

3,679,9873,187,320

car taxi bus motorcycle bicycletrain boat

31Bangkok

Bangkok is the capital, largest urban area and primary city of Thailand. Known in Thai as Krung Thep Maha Nakhon or Lrung Thep in short, meaning "city of angels".

Bangkok has rapidly grown in recent years. With that fast growing business, populations, Bangkok is now facing a big pollutions problems. Three main problem is air pollution, water

pollution and trash pollution. A lot of waste are produced uncarefully andpeople still unconciously polluting the city.

th Worldbiggest city

12

3

45

67

6,867,307

Ban

gkok

in g

ener

al

Page

6 I

PR

EFA

CE

4041

Bangkok

Thailand

3396

Air Water Trash

CO2

Thailand produce waste

14.3million

14% inBangkok

22%

20%isPlastic

only are recycled

23th tons co2 emission Plastic

Factory(in thousands of metric tons)

277,511.00Rank

ton/day

PollutionsMajor3

1,750ton/day

14.3millionton/day

8,835ton/day

Ban

gkok

was

te

Plastic waste is also one of the main problem in Bangkok but people are still lack of awarness and consciousness.

4243

40% HDPE30% LDPE17% PP13% other

40% of plastic waste is a high-density polyethylene (HDPE) which is the top rank of plastic waste and commonly used as a non-solid container. This type of plastic is deficiently recycled and usually leaves some remains afterward the recycle process. LDPE is also used around 30% in shopping bag, trash can liners and food container. Another 17% is PP, commonly found in bottle caps, drinking straws and yogurt containers.

Plastic waste that remains after recycling

Pla

stic

was

te in

Ban

gkok

40% HDPE30% LDPE17% PP13% other

35% Packaging20% Fiber/Textile17% Electronic12% Automobile Part06% Housewares04% Furniture01% Footware05% other

3,224,315 ton/year

8,835ton/day

35

20

17

12

641 5

PLASTIC PLASTIC20% is

45% 20%5%

Other7%

8%Stone&Ceramic0.5%

Metal1.5%

Leaf6%

Other4%

Glass2.5%

Bone0.3%

Rubber0.2

PLASTICFabric

Paper

FOOD WASTE

Type of waste

Bangkok’s waste

20% of waste is PLASTIC and 35% of those plastic comes from packaging

Cha

pter

2 I

BAN

GK

OK

4445

Awareness of Thai toward plastic wasteAccording to the research of Ministry of Natural resources and environment, 2009 , the result on the left shows that Thai does know about the global warming and the plastic waste problem. They have in mind that they should to do something.

The problem is we KNOW but we are not CONCERN. Environmental concerns are still very minimal or non-exist-ing among Thai consumers

The most important issue is that the service and the envi-ronment around does not encourage people to have a better choice and show them how to live better.

For example, big shopping malls certainly do not take bold initiatives. At all possible occasions one is inundated by un-necessary plastic bags. Latest interesting development is the Mall department stores has started issuing biodegrad-able plastic bags,

Besides the obligation of plastic bags, convenience stores and supermarkets automatically provide you plastic spoons when you buy a small cup of yoghurt, and straws when you purchase soft drinks or even when you buy beer cans.One example of overly unnecessary ‘service’: when you fill a container (plastic) at the salad bar of gourmet market, you are provided with paper napkins, and plastic utensils, as if you are going to eat the salad there and then at the super-market (or do not have the necessary forks and spoons at home).

We are not taking it serious enough and do not give rules that could make this issue better because in our country the con-venience of the consumer comes first.

Awar

enes

s of

Tha

is to

war

ds p

last

ic w

aste

10 30 50 70 90

yes no

Do you know abot plastic waste problem?

10 30 50 70 90

yes no

Do you know about Global warming?

Extreamly Very Somewhat Not too Not at all No opinion

How important to solve plastic waste problem?

What do they do with plastic bag afterwards?

70% Reuse 22% Trash 5% Sell 3% others

Cha

pter

2 I

BAN

GK

OK

4647

Each bottle , 10cents will be given to a charity“The more you drink the more you give”Thai private organization campaign.

This campaign has been quite success full among Thais, as the design of the bottle is nice and people feels like they are helping others while just doing their normal habit, drinking water.But if we look from another point of view, this shows how Thais still doesn’t have a mindset of plast waste. Instead of telling people to stop purchaseing plastic bottle, like some countryies encourage their citizen to bring their own mug and drink tap water, this campaign encourage and tell peo-ple to buy more and more without conciousness of wasting more plastic bottles.

Thai

cam

paig

n

“The more you drinkThe more you give”

Cha

pter

2 I

BAN

GK

OK

4849

How can we raise thai’s awareness to reduce plastic waste so they can make better choices?

5051

How about start looking in our daily life andsee how much plastic product we have

5253

If we look through our day, our life is full of plastic, starting from grocery bag to computer and even furniture. As you can see, plastic can be used to produce wide range of products. Seriously everything is plastic. All the containers are mostly made out of plastic. From bedroom kitchen toilet, eveywhere there is plastic container.

As you can see, plastic can be used to produce wide range of products and if we look through our day, most products we usually use are household product. They usually come in a container made out of plastic. However, these plastic containers are usually being thrown away after a single use even though they are still in a perfect condition.

Therefore, if each of us starts to reuse these container in our daily life, how much plastic could have been saved in each household. This could make a massive change in our life and to the world.

Pla

stic

pro

duct

in o

ur d

aily

life

5455

Pla

stic

con

tain

er in

one

hou

seho

ld

On the left page are pictures of plastic containers in one household of 3 people in Bangkok. Our life is full of these products from kitchen to bathroom to laundry.Here are some examples found in this house :Kitchen: Drinks Sauce Food package Oil to dish washing de-tergentBathroom: Beauty products are mostly comes in plas-tic, shampoo conditioner mouth washing tooth paste face washing cream lotion and moreLaundry and cleaning products: To clean from ceiling to floor, windows, cloths we use a wide range of product which all come in plastic.

These products mostly being bought every few months, If we can reduce the need of buying a new one or reuse all these container, this household will at least save more than 250 plastic containers a year

Cha

pter

2 I

BAN

GK

OK

5657

How can we reduce plastic container waste? . . .

5859

TRENDS&

CASE STUDIES

chapter 3

6061

What has been done in the world to approach this problem ? ...

6263

There are many actions going on around the world in order to tackle the plastic waste problem by reducing plastic con-tainer consumption. In the following pages, 3 trends about reducing plastic container consumption are being shown.

First trend is “Bring your own”. Using your own container when you buy product is the main idea of this trend. This trend is mostly occurred with shopping in the supermarket, buying coffee in cafeteria, having take-away food from a restaurant and many more.

Second trend is selling Bulk food, this trend helps both to reduce the food and container waste, consumers can buy only the amount of the product they want and reduce the packaging waste and cost.

The last trend is refilling system, is another way to sell milk, detergent in bulk by reusing a glass container or even a used plastic bottle.

3 w

ays

to re

duce

pla

stic

was

te p

robl

em

Bring your own

Sell&Buy in BULK

Refilling

Cha

pter

3 I

TR

EN

DS

AN

D C

ASE

STU

DIE

S

6465

Bring Your Own trends urge you to consider this fact and take a few quick ‘n easy steps to reduce the flood of plastic into the waste stream by avoiding disposables for everyday things, and kicking some serious plastic

At the top of the list: BRING YOUR OWN SHOPPING BAG is being a hit for a while. Many people is doin this as their reg-ular behaviour. Now coffe shop such as starbuck also en-courage people to BRING YOUR OWN MUG, as they will get discount every time they bring their own mug. Next is BRING YOUR OWN BOTTLE, as to reduce plastic waste that comes with the plastic water bottle, USA and UK started to encour-age their people to drink more tap water by bring their own bottle and refill at the point they provide around the city. The trend also spread to fast food company, KFC,BRING YOUR OWN CONTAINER, has begun rolling out its new reusable polypropylene container and lid to replace their former sin-gle-use foam container for side dishes.

The trend doesn’t stop there, there are many more bring your own whatever, such as FOOD, Restaurant in NY started to provide a space where people can come and order just a drink and enjoy their own food. TOWEL, new trends that pro-mote people to bring their own towel to reduce toilet paper waste.

WAY

1 :

Bri

ng Y

our

Ow

n E

very

thin

g , B

.Y.O

.E.

BRING YOUR OWN SHOPPING BAG BRING YOUR OWN BOTTLE

BRING YOUR OWN MUGBRING YOUR OWN CONTAINER

6667

Sell in Bulk are a way of selling consumables by weight. A customer can measure out an amount of product to be later weighed at the point of sale. The product is usually less ex-pensive per unit compared to pre-packaged items. The cus-tomer is able to choose exactly how much product they want and will go home with less packaging.

Not only will you be reducing the world’s trash load, you will also be saving money. Since a retailer saves money buying in bulk (paying for less packaging), those savings are passed down to you. Bulk food is always cheaper per pound than packaged food.

Way

2 :

Sel

l & B

uy in

Bul

k

M&M in Las Vegus

6869

111

LEVER DOWNfill up desired

product

LABELstick on

price(barcode)

PAY SAVEprice is reduce

to 20-70%

WEIGHprice is calculated

per gram

Many supermarket in Italy are offering this kind of selling in bulk. You can find an Eco-Point where they sell dry food in bulk. The steps are easy. Just fill up products into the provided bag, as much as you wish. then weigh it, put the lebel on and pay normally at the cashier.

Cha

pter

3 I

TR

EN

DS

AN

D C

ASE

STU

DIE

S

7071

REDUCE REUSE RECYCLE

REFILL

Way

3 :

Refi

lling

, the

4th

R

3rd way is another trend that can reduce plastic waste by refilling a detergent with a reuse container. I find this trend could have a massive impact in solving this problem while benefiting both consumers and producers.

Refilling system is a new way of purchasing detergent. Instead of buying a new plastic bottle every time, you can bring your own bottle to refill or you can buy a new bottle for the first time and then bring it back to fill it over and over again which reduces the amount of plastic waste that will end up in the landfill.

7273

What isTAP

Detergent

Work byREFILL

SYSTEM

The packaging of detergents represent a key component of thetotal quantity of waste we produce. For this reason the proposal on Tap detergent points to reduce the containers needed, simply by allowing reuse.

Tap-Detergent is the new way of purchasing detergent. Instead of buying new plastic bottle everytime, you bring your own bottle to refill or you can buy the new bottle for the first time and then bring it back to fill it over and over again which save the amount of plastic waste that will end up in the landfill.

Their main characteristic is to sell products in bulk, so no package. The customer will buy the amount of product they really need is erasing waste or the cost of other packages that typically prove particularly polluting. Container will be reuse and brought from home.

// Start off with an offered bottle or bring-your-own-bottle (BYOB)// Reuse the same plastic bottle over and over...and over again// Save monet and save environment!

enjoy product

product ran out

*buy a new bottle(1st time)/ reused bottle(from 2nd time)

refill desired product

Refill water, milk, detergent is going on a rise and needs of the customer.Many supermarket in Italy provides a corner of refill detergent.

Easy steps to refill

Sustainable Cycle

Sys

tem

of r

efilli

ng

cleaner

nononoonononononon 11

1

BYOBbring your own bottle /purchase the new one

for the first time

REFILLchoose product and

refill amount as desire

LABELstick on labels/price(barcode)

PAY SAVEsave up to 40% of market price

WEIGHprice is calculated

per liter

*In some case, users can bring their own bottle but most of the service now ask customer to buy new bottle.

A small gesture that helps to reduce waste

7475

The packaging of detergent represent a key component of the total quantity of waste we produce. For this reason the proposal of refilling is to reduce the containers needed, simply by allowing custumer to reuse their bottle.

Refilling system is a new way of purchasing detergent. In-stead of buying new plastic bottle everytime, you bring your own bottle to refill or you can buy the new bottle for the first time and then bring it back to fill it over and over again which save the amount of plastic waste that will end up in the landfill.

Their main characteristic is to sell products in bulk, so no package. Customers will buy the exact amount of product they really need which help to erase waste and the cost of package that typically prove particularly polluting.

Pac

kage

d pr

oduc

t sy

stem

VS

Refi

ll sy

stem

Packaged-Detergent’s complex journey

Refill-Detergent’s simple journey

VS

Different between 2 system

Typical Pakaged-Detergent’s long journeyVSTap-Detergent’s short journey

Cha

pter

3 I

TR

EN

DS

AN

D C

ASE

STU

DIE

S

7677

As you can see on the left, a packaged product cycle and a refill product cycle are being compared starting from pro-duction line until recycle bin to shows advantages and dis-advantages. Both cycles are divided into 5 steps;

1) ProductionPlastic containers are being produced individually for a packaged product while for a refill product; only a tank is being used to fill product in large amount and being used again for the next time. Therefore, a refill product reduces the amount of plastic container.

2) TransportationWith a refill product, only a tank is stored in a truck for the transportation while a packaged product requires several elements such as paper box, transparent film and other ele-ment to be transported. Thus, a refill product cycle saves not only materials and time but also man-power.

3) ConsumingA packaged product price is divided into a product and a packaging, thus buying a refill product by using your own container saves up 40% from a packaging price.

4) WasteMost of a plastic container usually ends up in a landfill in the packaged product cycle while the refill product cycle elimi-nates this step by reusing the container to fill the product.

5) RecycleOne possible solution of reducing plastic container in a packaged product cycle is recycling. Although, recycle pro-cess may eliminate plastic container but it creates a great deal of pollution and consume massive energy.

From the analysis, there are several advantages from a refill product cycle which are;- Save non-renewable resources - Reduce energy consumption - Reduce carbon dioxide emission- Less weight- More space- Less material being used- Manufactured with high quality at low cost

Refill product cycle involves fewer steps, lower energy con-sumption, lower resources consumption and most impor-tantly reduce plastic waste problem

Adv

anta

ges

and

bene

fits

Less energy, packaging and space are required to ship product to retailers.

Less energy is required to produce

Reduce plastic waste

save up to 40% comparing to the price of packaged product sold in supermarket.

Require energy and cause emissions. Save the landfill.

Packaged detergent involve the use of

bottles

Only one tank for the transport of several liters of product.

Refilling creates no waste No energy required and no emissions caused

PRODUCTION TRANSPORTATION

CONSUME

WASTE RECYCLE

boxes

plastic film

x 25

x 1

pallet transport

1 2

54

3

Refilldetergent

Packaged detergent

VS

Cha

pter

3 I

TR

EN

DS

AN

D C

ASE

STU

DIE

S

7879

13 Case studies04 Countries05 Different products04 Different types of store02 Different systems

8081

In this chapter, I have analyzed 13 case studies that have the concept of bringing your own and refilling system.

Each case study has different system structure and ap-proach to customer.

Each one offers different product, way to refill, the machine and the payment system.

Analysis of each system has been carried out to understand each case’s strong and weak points in order to be adapted later on the project.

Cas

e st

udie

s

UK GERMANY11 11 3 883

13 Case Studies

4 Types of shop

5 Types of product

Products Brand Payment system

FreshFood

Dry Food

Drink Cosmetic Detergent

mono-shop corner

multi brandmono brand weigh digitalbarcode

franchising van

USA ITALY

8283

Beginning life as a market stall in 2006, Unpackaged is a unique and brilliant concept that is so simple, especially considering the sheer amount of packaging waste that is ri-diculously filling our planet’s landfill sites. Within the beau-tifully designed shop, organic whole foods, dried fruit, nuts and seeds, herbs and spices, even refillable oils, vinegars and wines are all available to place straight into your own refillable containers, that you will have brought along with you.Those who forget to bring their own containers are furnished with durable, resealable plastic bags that they can reuse during their next trip, but thanks to the package-free environment, the owner claims that each year Unpackaged generates 1.5 tons less carbon than traditional food stores.

UN

PAC

KAG

ED

Cha

pter

2 I

Wha

t has

bee

n do

ne in

the

wor

ld to

app

roac

h th

e pr

oble

m

8485

steps are clearly shownbefore entering the shop

low position makesit harder to refill

visibility of product

well designed coorperate brand

weighing system : can’t refillwhen the container is not empty

8687

Green building solutions retailer Green Depot has recently opened a flagship store in Manhattan that is designed to demonstrate the high-performance eco building materials in action. A light booth made of recycled resin materials, for example, helps shoppers compare light bulbs and paint colors in a controlled setting, while the Zero-VOC Paint Bar serves up a line of paints free of volatile organic chemicals.

The new flagship store on Manhattan’s (in)famous Bowery is the company’s first lifestyle-oriented LIVE store where con-sumers are able to get a piece of the action

GR

EE

N D

EP

OT

8889

Cleaning agent refill bar

Anyone can bring a bottle in and have it refilled with glass/tub & tile/all purpose cleaner or dish soap. Labels are avaialable to be stick on the reuse bottle. The cost is 12 cents an ounce, which works out to be less than a new bottle.

Able to use any kind of bottle to refill

Product are storedin visible glass tank

Able to see theproduct clearly

Attractive :Design as a Beer Brewer

well-organizedand easy to approach

9091

Green 11 sells organic beauty products and household cleaners that you can buy and take home in your own re-usable containers, but also avialable for purchase. Another store that has the same concept, located in San Fracisco where many chic, unique shops are lining up.

Green11 is a new concept in retail and supply chain distri-bution. We are about redefining old antiquated concepts that are no longer meaningful in today’s world and is in dire need of revolutionizing.

Product ranges are from shower gel to detergent to pet’s soap.

GR

EE

N 1

1

3980 24th Street (x Noe)San Francisco, CAph: 415.425.5195

[email protected]

9293

unorganized : too manyproducts and messy space

hard to differentiatebetween product

using more small plastic bottles instead of using a big tank in bulk

weighing system : can’t refillwhen the container is not empty

pump bottles : difficult to refill

9495

The Refill Shoppe is the actualization of an idea to create a more practical means for consumption. A return to the days before “disposibility”. Combining this mentality with won-derfully natural and organic products.

The Refill Shoppe is an eco-conscious store challenging the standards of consumerism by offering quality bath, body, home and cleaning liquids in bulk. By allowing you to refill your own bottle or one of the many that the shop provided.

THE

RE

FILL

SH

OP

PE

9697

limited choice of products

Variety of products

pump bottles : difficult to refill

unpractical display container :difficult for maintenance and refill

offer non plastic container

9899

Market of choice is located in oregon, USA, where there are many store that sells in bulk.

Market of Choice offers an extensive selection of the finest and freshest conventional, natural, organic, and health con-scious products at affordable prices. They strive for a relax-ing and enjoyable shopping experience with truly friendly people who care about the communities where they live and work.

In the store, there are aisles and aisles of bulk bins full of anything from pasta and cereal to honey and sesame oil.

MA

RK

ET

OF

CH

OIC

ES

100101

provides non-plastic container

specific container for some product

all product are visible

well-organize andclean

weighing system : the price include the weigh of container

102103

The first stores devoted to this curious kind of spending: the company began "Shop light" of Turin, where all products are sold in bulk strictly without packaging. Among the best-sell-ing foods, milk, cereals, pulses, coffee, eggs and flour, while among non-food products are great for home and shaving cream.That of Turin is perhaps a limiting case, but also major dis-tributors over the years are organized to let at least some of their products (especially fruits and vegetables) would remain outside of the packaging, so that each customer can use freely as he wishes .

NE

GO

ZIO

LE

GG

ER

O D

I TO

RIN

O

Cha

pter

2 I

Wha

t has

bee

n do

ne in

the

wor

ld to

app

roac

h th

e pr

oble

m

104105

risk of mixing between product

variety of products are available

hard to differentiate between products

all products are visible

weigh system : users can refill only if they have finished the product

106107

Business idea based entirely on service innovation aimed at environmental sustainability and cost savings.

Opened in August 2009 near Lucca, is a store “on tap”, which is based on the principle of short chain. Are sold more than 100 local products - wine, olive oil, pasta, flour, vegetables, detergent and more - in large prevalence from a maximum of 100 km from the point of sale and proposed only in bulk. To do shopping using reusable containers and “Sport Lucca” in place of plastic bags.

It ‘interesting that a shop of this type is able to meet the needs of a charge of full quality and not just a product cat-egory, as often happens

EFF

EC

OR

TA

108109

can only use the provided plastic bottle

difficult to add new liquid product due to the limited taps

attractive display containe


easy to use

well organised and nice display

110111

The aim of this new thrust is to reduce drastically ecologist 11 million tons discarded in rubbish bins each year in Italy.

Recently some supermarkets are adopting this system, in Piedmont, but also in Tuscany and Lazio.Well, even Campania, battered by the emergency waste, wants its products to plug it and created a petition calling for this to large retail chains to supply detergent to plug into their outlets.

MIL

LE B

OLL

E

The aim of this new thrust is to reduce drastical-ly ecologist 11 million tons discarded in rubbish bins each year in Italy.

Recently some supermarkets are adopting this system, in Piedmont, but also in Tuscany and Lazio.Well, even Campania, battered by the emergency waste, wants its products to plug it and created a petition calling for this to large retail chains to supply detergent to plug into their outlets.

112113

badly unorganize

users have to hold the bottles while refilling the product

messy refilling area

can use only provided bottle

full of plastic bottles

114115

Supermarket Simply SMA provides Tap-detergent made from Simply SMA with the support of Regione Lombardia, A2A SpA Aprica and the Municipality of Brescia, in the PARR (Action Plan for the Reduction of Solid Waste in the Region of Lombardy).

The sale of products on tap offers customers the opportu-nity to purchase the desired quantity at lower prices by an average of 50% compared to products packaged in an envi-ronmentally safe due to the absence of the pack.

SiM

PLY

Sm

a

116117

full of plastic bottles

bad quality of display containerDirty refilling space

funnel is needed for refilling


118119

Products with surfactants of vegetable origin derived from rapidly renewable sources with a high cleaning performance equal to the corresponding products in the market with raw materials derived from petroleum.products available: washing machine, Softener, wool and delicate, dishes

NE

UTR

AL

120121


monitor showing how much the plastic waste have been saved which encourage people to do good

accesibility : located in supermarket

can refill only when the bottle is empty

cleary see the product

automatic : easy to refill by justpushing the button

easy to differentiate between product

the quantity to refill are fixed

attractive and colorful display

122123

The Solbat promotes and actively participates in projects that target the development of processes and products saf-er and more environmentally friendly, aimed at redu cing emissions and waste production. For sustainable develop-ment in respect of Health, Safety and Environment.

The service are available in Piedmont - Tuscany - Toscana - Tuscany - Umbria - Sardinia - Southern Italy

EC

O G

OC

CIO

124125

barcode system : don’t have to weigh


proper refill machine : safe product

give a knowlege on how many plastic has been avoided

barcode system : don’t have to weigh

machine is not inviting to refill

126127

The shops POINT CLEAN BIO offer the consumer the oppor-tunity to buy detergent in bulk and save money while pro-tecting the environment. Buying once the empty bottle and reusing it the next time will be reduced significantly reduc-ing packaging waste caused by disposal of plastic signifi-cantly.

POINT CLEAN BIO SICLY distributes products that vouches for the quality of being right because of ingrained dirt should not prevent us from preserving our environment.

The SICLY for over 20 years produces detergents for profes-sional use and in recent years has invested its resources for eco-friendly detergents. The new project POINT CLEAN BIO distribution of detergents in bulk and Self Service contrib-utes to sustainable development.

PU

NTO

PU

LITO

BIO

128129

accessibility: located in a laundry

machine is not inviting to refillcan use only the provided bottle

seperated cashier machine

130131

It ‘s a van which provides the bulk detergent and of-fers the opportunity to purchase products directly.Before half of the sale, is a very powerful communi-cation tool as in direct contact with citizens and be-comes a vehicle for information on waste reduction and initiatives across the City involved in the project.The van in fact, participating in events such as the square of markets or fairs, allows citizens to buy de-tergent and to be informed on the initiative, the days will be advertised to the whole community and the Administration through the portal Riducimballi.The experience of the van is paying an incentive for businesses to join the project and begin the sale of the products in your store. In this way you will not want to create competition, because the van will only be present during the launch of the initiative, but we aim to disseminate information on the importance of measures to reduce waste at source and create an active and conscious clientele .

EC

OP

ULI

TO

132133

can refill only when the bottle is empty

A Van : easy to approach users

difficult to open and refill

not attractive


134135

It ‘s a van which provides the bulk detergent and offers the opportunity to purchase products directly.

Before half of the sale, is a very powerful communication tool as in direct contact with citizens and becomes a vehicle for information on waste reduction and initiatives across the City involved in the project.Il furgone infatti, partecipando ad eventi di piazza come mer-cati o sagre, permette ai cittadini di acquistare i detergenti e di essere informati sull’iniziativa; i giorni saranno pubbliciz-zati a tutta la comunità dall’Amministrazione e attraverso il portale Riducimballi. The van in fact, participating in events such as the square of markets or fairs, allows citizens to buy detergent and to be informed on the initiative, the days will be advertised to the whole community and the Administra-tion through the portal Riducimballi.

The experience of the van is paying an incentive for busi-nesses to join the project and begin the sale of the products in your store. In questo modo non si vuole creare concorren-za, perchè il furgone sarà presente solo nella fase di lancio dell’iniziativa, ma ci poniamo l’obiettivo di diffondere infor-mazione sull’importanza delle azioni di riduzione dei rifiuti alla fonte e creare una clientela attiva e consapevole. In this way you will not want to create competition, because the van will only be present during the launch of the initiative, but we aim to disseminate information on the importance of measures to reduce waste at source and create an active and conscious clientele .

Eco

logo

s : R

ED

UC

IMB

ALL

I PR

OJE

CT

136137

unorganized didplay space accessibility: approach the community

138139

Vom Fass is a multinational franchise that now has more than 240 stores in 20 states of the world. His slogan “Look, Taste, Enjoy!” In Italian becomes a fun “Look, Taste, Enjoy!”, Sounds familiar to millions of customers who have discovered how to buy a multi-tude of products directly from the tap is a fun more than a necessity.

A look at the health never hurts, and walk into a store Vom Fass become a pleasant sensory experience.A festival of colors and flavors on hand, or rather, mouth, eyes and delight the palate of all those who want to discover dozens of varieties of oils, vinegars, balsamic vinegars and astonished by the colors of the bulbs of liquors, schnapps, whiskey .

VOM

FAS

S

140141

high level : hard to be refill

clearly see the product

products are well store in different display container

hard to open and refillhard to differentiaste betweeen product

welcoming atmosphere

variety of the bottles

142143

Esthetically, some of the shops such as unpackaged and Green depot has well-designed space which attract users and welcome them to enter the shop, while some space are unorganized and unwelcome.

Some shops provide a wide range or product with many pro-ducers while some shop , mostly the corner in supermarket, offer product from only one producer.

“System” covers from how customers approach products, how to refill until the payment system. Private retailers are still poor on this point while corner in the supermarket provide more convenient system, such as automatically re-filling system and bardcode payment system.

Corner in the supermarket are getting wider range of the market while the private retails gets only some target group that are aware of the environment and willing to give affort to live more sustainable. Another good way to attract more customers is to approach them directly like in the case of Ecolologos, that goes direct to the community with the van.

Refill system mainly devided into area, manually and auto-matically. Private retail are mostly use a pump bottles while the corner supermarket that are supported by some pro-ducers has an automatic system which make it easier faster to refill and more hygien.

Com

pari

son

of c

ase

stud

ies

esthetic

productsvarietion

sytem

market

refill system

unpa

ckag

e

Gre

en D

epot

Gre

en 1

1

The

refi

ll sh

ppe

Neg

ozio

legg

ero

Eff

ecor

ta

mill

e bo

lle

Mar

ket

of c

hoic

es

sim

ply

sma

Neu

tral

Eco

gocc

a

putt

o pu

lito

bio

ecop

ulit

o

vom

fass

ecol

ogos

Cha

pter

3 I

TR

EN

DS

AN

D C

ASE

STU

DIE

S

144145

Wha

t co

uld

be im

prov

e

Weighing system//Users can’t refill unless they completely finished the product.// weighing system also include the weight of bottle, even it’s very light but still make it cost more than it should.

Refill system//Hard to refill and gets dirty easily//Some machine even leek

Refill system //Users can’t choose only the exact amount they need

Refill system//Pump bottles, difficult and takes time to refill

Retail area//Unorganize area full of provided bottles

Plastic bottles//Users has to use only the prepared bottlle

What could be improve Interesting points

Refill system //Automatically refilling machine, easy, fast and clean

Plastic bottles//Users can use any bottlles they have

Retail//Directly approach to users’ community

Refill system //The machine also indicates haw much users has saved the environment by using the service

Cha

pter

3 I

TR

EN

DS

AN

D C

ASE

STU

DIE

S

146147

PROJECTchapter 4

148149

Bangkok really lacks of the general public’s awareness of how to manage the waste thats thrown into the garbage bin.

While I see that Thailand has in many ways im-bibed many western traits like good roads, de-cent travel & commuter services for the average person, it surely lacks the civic sense of how to recycle waste.

At the rate at which the urban population is grow-ing, the people of Bangkok too needs such civic knowledge to ensure that their carbon footprint does not pose a threat to the environment.

This knowledge & responsibility should obviously start inside every household and every school that educates the children who are going to be the pillars of the society tomorrow.

Since the availability of garbage dump sites is a major problem for the country, garbage disposal is a pressing issue and the issue cannot simply be left for the authorities to handle. All city dwell-ers must consider changing their consumption patterns in order to reduce the quantity of gar-bage being generated.

Yes, IT IS TIME TO CHANGE

I hope this activity will motivate people to realize the importance of reduce waste by reusing and rethink before they throw away things.

It’s

tim

e to

cha

nge

They always say that time changes things, but you actually have to change them yourself

Andy Warhol

Cha

pter

4 I

PR

OJE

CT

150151

How can we create a new lifestyle towards sustainability and raise awareness of Bangkok society.

152153

chan

ge?

. . .

star

ts to

reth

ink

reus

e an

d re

fill

!

provides a complete refill-service system that is embeded in your community which mainly aim to reduce plastic con-tainer waste in a daily life and also to encourage people in a community to concern more about the environment by starting from small changing of their behaviour.

VisionThe world will have less plastic waste. People’s small action change the producer’s way of selling to be more environ-mental friendly.

PSS// Provides refilling system for a community, a new way of buying household cleaner// Provides activity for community

Aim // To reduce amout of plastic container waste in Bangkok// To gian more attention to plastic waste issues from Thais // To encourage of reusing befor recycling// To encourage brands to start thinking of selling in bulk.// To build new behaviour of grocery shopping (Detergent).

Cha

pter

4 I

PR

OJE

CT

154155

Wha

t : r

efilli

ng s

yste

m fo

r ho

useh

old

dete

rgen

t

From the research, we have found that there are many plastic containers in one household and that shouldn’t be thrown away after one-time-use. Even the refill pouch, it creates big amouth of trash.

This is why this project aim to solve the plastic container waste problem.

offer users a new way of buying household detergent and provide producers a new platform to sell products in bulk.

Moreover, the service als encourage people in a community to concern more about the environ-ment by starting from small changing of their behaviour.

Cha

pter

4 I

PR

OJE

CT

156157

Like other modern cities in the world, Bangkok boasts lots of massive building as it is becoming more and more popu-lated.

The urban structure in the inner city district is characterized be densely populates areas with little vacant land. Because of very limited supply of land, land prices are very high. Most of the land has already been occupied for commercial pur-poses, goverment offices, educational establishment, trans-portation infrastructure. The land usage in this area can be illustrated as vertical devoelopment in the form of high-rise offices, residentail buildings.

The amount of condominium dramatically increases over a few year in order to support the demand of the habita-tion and several more factors supported the growth of con-dominiums, including smaller family sizes of 2.5 persons per household on average, down from seven a decade ago. Condos are also popular as second homes.

As predicted, the condominium market will continue rising and reach its peak from 2015 onward.

I am targeting a condominium community which offer them a service that help them to have a more sustainable lifestyle.

Whe

re :

Ban

gkok

con

dom

iniu

m

158159

In condominium, you can find various types of people from granny to baby, from and family to single and from designer to doctor, all living together under one roof.

Therefore the service found that this incident could be a great opportunity to widely spread a new lifestyle to the urban society and lead to more awareness of Thai people towards environmental problem. Imagine, starting from one community and spreading to hundreds, this will surely im-pact the Bangkok lifestyle and will gradually improve the environmental awareness.

Second, because the condominium is always seeking for a new service to offer their habitants in order to provide them an alternative that leads to a more convenient lifestyle.

Who

: C

ondo

min

ium

hab

itan

t

Cha

pter

4 I

PR

OJE

CT

160161

How

: S

yste

m m

ap

Brand

Recyclecompany

CondoWebsite

Give Tips/workshop

bottles

Learn

Tip/Trick

organize workshop

Register/Questionair

Become a member

Machine

municipality

pre-orderiPhone

re

USER

AttendWorkshop

Support workshop activities

Promote the service

Help with recycling

re Make

12 DEC 2010WORKSHOP

re

Delivery

productDelivery

order

re fill your own

indicate when product is running out

162163

Bro

chur

e an

d m

embe

r ca

rd

Welcome to our community! Enjoy your new whole experience of buyinghousehold detergent for your home!

re fill your own

. . . .as simple as that!

YOUSAVE

Member card

Account :

Password :

Find an empty bottle in your house*We also provide you a bottle at the machine but it’s better you bring your own!

Go to the reFill point

At the machine, scan your member card and follow the instruction on the screen and select your desired productre

After the product is finished, go back to the reFill point and reFill it again!

Enjoy our selected product! Since there is no package, you save the hidden cost that you usually pay when you buy packaged product in supermarket

Check out more about our service!www.refillyourown.com

ENJOY YOUR NEW EXPERIENCE!

Points

Member Privilege

EnvironmentMoneyTime

5

5

10

20

Comment/Rate

Buy a bottle

Give Tips&Trick

Organize/Attendworkshop

Rules!

Each product can be purchased by points. Learn how to collect your points . . .

re fill your own

?Do you know With You will save up to 40% than

buying packaged product in supermarkets. . .

so why still wasting money!?

Start your new experience with us NOW !

Check out more about USwww.refillyourown.com

START REFILL YOUR OWN!

reStyle your lifereUse your bottle

re fill your own


re fill your own

re fill your own

refil

lyour

own

Cha

pter

4 I

PR

OJE

CT

164165

Touc

h po

int

: Mac

hine

Cha

pter

4 I

PR

OJE

CT

Component of the refilling point is machine+recyclebin+infomation boardCondominium can choose how machine they want to put in their condo, depends also on the needs and available space.

Moreover, Machine has designed to be able to change the color of the surface so the each condominium can choose the colore that suit their interior the most.

166167

Touc

h po

int

: Refi

ll po

int

168169

refill your own Logo

Community board :Where user can find outabout adtivities and workshop. Also producerscan use this board topromote the brand.

Real time resource-saving : Machine indicateshow much resourcesthe community have saved.(water,energy,CO2 smission)

ID scanner

refill cavity

recycle bin

Touc

h po

int

: Mac

hine

Cha

pter

4 I

PR

OJE

CT

170171

Labe

l and

Tag

for

reus

e bo

ttle

Instead of producing more plastic bottle to suply to users, the service decided to have recycle company as a partner to clean a reusable plastic bottle that has been thrown away. This way not only reduce amount of plastic bottle but also giv-ing a new life to an old bottle.

The service will put a tag to show that ths bottle has been clean through a right process and that they can be sure and feel secure to reuse the bottle. Also the service will put the lable on each bottle to show how much each bottle can con-tains, users can write on the label the name of the product they have refilled.

Cha

pter

4 I

PR

OJE

CT

172173

Mob

ile a

pplic

atio

n

Other pages

choose refillyourown application

select product from the list

Personal accout page

choose catagory

insert desired amount and bottle if needed

reCommend ME! service withcustomer’s room plan

choose product your want

choose how you want to pay

search engine for tips and product

Cha

pter

4 I

PR

OJE

CT

174175

The service providespecial way of purchasing product for customers by collecting points. Customers can gian points by commenting or rateing on the purchased product, give tips and tricks to other customer, organize or attend work-shop but also customers will loose their point everytime they purchase a new plastic bottle in order to encourage custom-ers to think first or reusing their old bottle.

Points

Member Privilege

5

5

10

20

Comment/Rate

Buy a bottle

Give Tips&Trick

Organize/Attendworkshop

Rules!

Each product can be purchasedby collected points. Learn how to collect your points now!

Another way to choose the best product for your room

Mem

ber

Pri

vile

ge :

reC

omm

end

ME

! ser

vice

& P

oint

s

reCommend ME! is a special function from the service, it helps the customers to choose product that suites with their room’s material.

The programme will show your room’s plan which customers can select area of the room they want to clean then service will reCommend them with the product that suits the best to their room’s material.

Another way to choosethe best product for your room C

hapt

er 4

I P

RO

JECT

176177

November 2010

Suthapa Pruksapong502re fill your own

ProductSunlight Mild&Green 250ml 25 b.Breeze 500ml 60 b.Breeze softener 500ml 55 b.Mr.clean 750ml 75 b.

Total 215 b.

Points

Gained points Comment/Rate on product 10 ptsGive Tips&Trick 0 ptsOrganize workshop 5 ptsAttending workshop 5 ptsFrom product’s special offer 0 pts

Used pointsBuy a bottle x1 5pts

Total 5 pts

Last month pts. 0 ptsYour current pts. 5 pts

You have savedwater 1.7 m2

CO2 2.3 kgenergy 1.9 kWh

Refilled list

Points Detail

Saved resources

Rec

eipt

and

poi

nt’s

rule

s

Everytimg you refill, your movement will be recorded in your account and the payment will be shown in your registered credit card bill. The receipt will come saperately at the end of the month with other condominium’s service’s bill and in the receipt you will see your refilled history, points and how much you have saved the environment.

Cha

pter

4 I

PR

OJE

CT

178179

Another touchpoint is WEBSITENon member users also can check out our service and activities, also can attend some open-to-public workshop.

In the website users can learn more about the problem of plastic waste and how to reStyle their life to live better.

Web

site

re fill your own

Log in

Visiter click here

account name

password

Download

welcome to our community

Cha

pter

4 I

PR

OJE

CT

180181

Workshop Schedule

Organize a workshop

Log inRegister

VDO : Use Less Plastic

STOP THROWING AWAY!!!

REDUCEREUSEREFILL!!!

refill-your-own provides a complete refill-service system that not only aim to reduce plastic container waste in a

daily life but also to encourage people in a community to concern more about the environment .


re fill your own

NEWS

OUR SERVICE CONTACTWHY REFILL HOW TO REFILLre fill your own

Old plastic bottles?Don’t throw away !Give it to us :)

Learn how to live moresustainability ?

Who is joining our service?

Tips & Trick

Attend or Offer workshop?

COMMUNITY

Workshop

Check ourDonation Point!

Learn new tips

ReLifestyleyourself

Community List

Suthapa PruksapongThe Next Sukhumvit 52

1806

stain on wooden floor

Ceiling Tips

Flooring

Living room Tips

Bedroom Tips

Kitchen Tips

Toilet Tips

Laundry Tips

How to REMOVE STAIN ON THE FLOOR

NEWS





Tips & Trick


COMMUNITY

Workshop


Learn new tips

ReLifestyleyourself

Community List


1806

Check outWorkshop calender

Become aworkshop organizer

Fill out your idea of the workshop you want to organize !

Name

Open-to-Public

Submit

Community Workshop

Surname

Your proposal

Benefit

Desire date or the workshop

NEWS





Tips & Trick


COMMUNITY

Workshop


Learn new tips

ReLifestyleyourself

Community List


1806

Click on the date to see details of each workshopCheck outWorkshop calender


re Make

WORKSHOP

re connect

PARTY !!!!!!!

re cycle

Conference

NEWS





Tips & Trick


COMMUNITY

Workshop


Learn new tips

ReLifestyleyourself

Community List


1806

Tips&Tricks Page

Check out and learn more about Participating Brand

Cha

pter

4 I

PR

OJE

CT

182183

Idea of the logo is to be customizable by users, to fill their own word in hte blank.

This logo could be customized by users. Users can fill in the blank (instead of fill your own) to promote their workshop activities, such as remake, a workshop of remaking their old cloths & stuff instead of throwing away things.

example :

Logo

and

its

cust

omiz

atio

n

re fill your own

reWORKSHOP

PARTY!!!!!!!

Conference

Make

re connect

re cycle

re Make

12th DEC 2010The NEXT CondominiumCommon Room, 5th Floor

WORKSHOP

re Make

12th DEC 2010

The NEXT Condominium

Common Room, 5th Floor

WORKSHOP

re fill your own

www.refillyourown.com

re Make

12th DEC 2010The NEXT CondominiumCommon Room, 5th Floor

WORKSHOP

re fill your ownThe next

Cha

pter

4 I

PR

OJE

CT

184185

Cus

tom

er jo

urne

y : N

EW

US

ER

After she read the instruction, she found the service very interesting and useful.She’s glad of being a part of the community and can’t wait to have this new experience.

Later that evening, She starts out this wonderful experience by filling up detergent with the bottle that comes with the kit. She finds the service very convenient, economy and eco-friendly.

While she is refilling, the machine indicates how much she has helped the nature. So she feels even better because not only she spends less time and money but she also plays a role in helping environment.

The service provides user a member card and a brochure which guides how to use the service.

In this story, a girl just moved into the condominium, she receives a member card and a brochure which explain about an entire service. She finds the service to be profoundly useful and she decided to experi-ence the service directly at the machine.

Later on she checks out the website and become an active member in the community, she organizes and attends workshops and gets to know her neighbor more.

New users Scenario

re fill your own

1

2

5She click to see the detail and about the workshop and decided to attend.

Later she found out about the workshop that organize by the community about remaking cloths and furniture.

At the end of the month, the bill comes with the credit card bill. It shows your refill history, points amd also how much she has helped the environment.

On the 12th Jan 2010, She attend the work shop and knows more people and get all the cloths remake. . . perfect community!

re Make

12th DEC 2010



WORKSHOP

re fill your own




re Make

WORKSHOP

re connect

PARTY !!!!!!!

re cycle

Conference

re Make

12th DEC 2010



WORKSHOP

re fill your own


she visits the website to learn more about how she affects the environment with her daily life and what can she do to help the environment.

NEWS

OUR SERVICE CONTACTWHY REFILL HOW TO REFILL

Workshop


Learn new tips




Tips & Trick


re

COMMUNITY

provides a complete refill-service system that not only aim to reduce plastic container waste in a

daily life but also to encourage people in a community to concern more about the environment .

ReLifestyleyourself

Community List

re fill your own

re fill your own

Log in

account name password

6

87

4

3

NEWS





Tips & Trick


COMMUNITY

Workshop


Learn new tips

ReLifestyleyourself

Community List


1806



re Make

WORKSHOP

re connect

PARTY !!!!!!!

re cycle

Conference

attend

reStyle your lifereUse your bottlere fill your own

Sarah is a new member of the condo. Once she becomes member of the condo she is automatically registered for the service. On the first day she will be asked to do the questionaire about her household cleaning habit and choose the password for her account that has been created, after she will get the brochure and member card.

186187

Cus

tom

er jo

urne

y : P

RE

-OR

DE

R B

Y M

OB

ILE

AP

LLIC

ATIO

N

Luckily the service provide the mobile application., she quickly orders by the iPhone Application while preparing dinner.

APP

LICA

TIO

N S

CE

NAR

IO

Yani is an old user to the serviceOne day while she was cooking and suddently she realises that she ran out of detergent, she remembers seeing the poster about refill-your-own mobile service, She decided to try.

She asks her son to go down to refill it for her. She gave him an empty bottle in the house.

The service provides also a mobile applica-tion for user who usually prefers to pre order products and has limited time. The service will reserve products from pre order’s user for 24 hours so that whenever user is available, user can go to refill without having to worry about wasting time choos-ing what to refill in front of the machine or even if product will be finished or not.This service is designed to fit a complicated city lifestyle.

In this story, while the mother is preparing dinner, she needs to clean the pot to use for cooking but suddenly she realizes that the dish washing deter-gent already ran out. Instead of stop cooking and go down by herself she uses the mobile application to order the product she wants and she asks her son to go down and refill it for her. Her son goes down to refill at the machine and comes back within 5 minutes...life couldn’t be more simple!In this way she saves her time and also spreads a new experience to her son.

Mobile Application Scenario

1 2 3

4

He goes down with the bottle to refill. There were somebody using the machine so he used the fast track path. Without waiting he easily scan the card and the machine read the order and start to refill the bottle automatically.

188189

Cus

tom

er jo

urne

y : T

IPS

& R

EC

OM

ME

ND

ME

! FU

NCT

ION

Jill has her 21th Birthday party last night. In the morning she found her room extremly dirty. Many stains are on the floor which she has no clue how to deal with it.

hmm that seems

easy....let’s try!

Jill checks out the website and learn the tips on how to clean out the stains.

She rushes back to her room to clean, the product works very well, thanks to the tips and the recommend me! application:)

she comment and rate the product and gain 5 pts

she goes down to buy a cleaner.At the machine she uses the recommend me! service to help her choose the best product for her for her room’s material

She order the product with the bottle this time and loose 5 pts for buying the bottle.

Since she doesn’t often use this detergent, she refills just a small amount of it. Therefore she reduces an unescessity perchase to saves up some money and resources

The service provides the reCommend me! function that help users to find the suitable product for their room. Registered users will find their room’s plan with all the material’s detail. In this way when users choose any area of the room they want to clean, the service will automatically recom-mend a suitable product for each material. Also in the website there’s a platform where users and brands can exchange their cleaning tips.

Each material needs a suitable product; the story begins with a young girl who last night hosted a party in her own room. When she wakes up she finds her room very dirty and her biggest concern are strains on a ceramic floor.

She remembers that the service provides a recom-mend me! function and a tips of the website which could walk her through a cleaning process from choosing a suitable product until how to clean her ceramic floor.

reCommend me! &Tips and Trick service

Scenario

1 2 3 4

How am I going

to clean all this!!!

NEWS





Tips & Trick


COMMUNITY


1806

stain on wooden floor

Rate and comment

Read comments

Find product

Product ranking

Rate and comment on your product!

Rate your product

Product

Comments

Share your experience with us!

Duck tile turbo

suuuuuuper clean and suuuuper easy to use!

Rate&

Comment

5

20

190191

Ben

efits

for

user

, pro

duce

r an

d co

ndom

iniu

m

For Producer

//For brands, it’s an excellent way to show they care, taking the lead with innovative “giving back” schemes.

//Have a great image return, much higher than that obtained through an expensive advertising campaign or the use of environmental cer-tification that is useful, but poorly received by consumers.

//To help play their part in promoting sustainable behaviour.

//A new platform to get closer to users through website community and workshop.

//Less energy is required to produce.

//Less energy, packaging and space are required to ship the product.

For Condominium

//Giving new image to the company

//Creates a closer relationship between habitants

Cha

pter

4 I

PR

OJE

CT

CO2

CO2

WITHOUT refill system

For user

Refill a product+ NO hidden cost of packaging

refill system cause NO TRASH!

Buy a product+ hidden cost of packaging

Bring your own bottle

Bring nothing

TIME MONEY ENVIRONMENT

Take just a fewseconce by anelevator

Loose time inthe care and cause an co2

Loose time inthe care and cause an co2

Loose time tofill up the bottle & maybeget dirty

refill pouchis still TRASH!

YOUSAVE

WITH refill system

192193

Wha

t’s n

ext

Product rangeAfter people get used to the system,not only detergent and household pruduct, but could possibly expand the range of the products to personal car and beauty product

CommunityNot only condominium but also other community can adopt this refilling system.

Retail revolutionI hope that this activity willbecoming a trigger for people to change their life style toward sustainability that they care more about the environment problem which will lead to make the producer sees that people willing to refill and re-fuse to be a part of producing waste system. Also that they find an economical value, profit from a refilling system that can lead to an revolution of how all the big brand sell the product in the future.

Cha

pter

4 I

PR

OJE

CT

194195

The refill shoppehttp://therefillshoppe.com/about_us

Market of choiceslifelessplastic.blogspot.com

Negozio leggero di torinohttp://www.negozioleggero.it/http://www.greenme.it

Effecorta,http://www.effecorta.ithttp://www.donnadiservizio.comhttp://servicedesignblog.wordpress.com

Millebollehttp://www.multipratica.com/http://www.general-store.it/ConosciLaNostraStruttura.aspxhttp://millebolle.iport.it/

Simply Smahttp://www.100ambiente.ithttp://www.gsanews.it/

Neutralhttp://www.alternativasostenibile.it

Ecogocciahttp://www.solbat.it/ecogocciahttp://www.giacomoserci.it

Punto pulitohttp://www.puntopulito.it

Eco pulitowww.ecopulito.it/www.riducimballi.it

Ecologoshttp://www.riducimballi.it/Sito/images/varie/furgone.jpg

Vomfasshttp://www.vomfass.ithttp://www.camemberu.com

Page Source

P.94-97

P.98-101

P.102P.104-105

P.106P.108P.109

P.110P.112P.113

P.114P.116-117

P.118-121

P.122P.124-125

P.126-129

P.130P.132-133

p.134-137

P.138P.140-141

Imag

e in

dex

Waste Jerrycan, http://www.anoizes.com/Colorful plastic bottles, http://www.earthfriendlymoving.com/pr_media_recycle.php trash-floating-garbage-in-gyre.jpg, http://chowmut.posterous.com/A dead bird with a stomach full of plastic, http://www.localphilosophy.com/Turtle with plastic ring, http://www.localphilosophy.com/The pacific garbage patch, http://upload.wikimedia.org/Through the gyre, http://2012forum.com/Transparent plastic, http://www.flickr.comPolluted Bangkok, http://www.flickr.comBangkok highway, http://www.flickr.comBangkok garbage, http://www.flickr.comTannumJai, http://www.tannamjai.comColorful container, http://www.flickr.comPlastic container in one household, personal pictureReusablebag, http://www.reuseit.comTap it bottle, http://www.tapitwater.com/KFC reusable container, http://plasticsandtheplanet.com/Starbucks travel mug, www.starbucks.com/M&M Las vegas, , http://www.flickr.comEcopoint crai, http://www.pricesharing.it/Detergent, http://www.flickr.comDetersivi alla spina, http://www.nonsprecare.it/Bangkok buildings, http://www.flickr.comMingmapping, Personal photoDetergent bottle, Green living image galleriesBangkok condominium, http://www.flickr.comThai condominium L.P.N, www.happinessofcaring.com

Case stadies UnpackagedUnpackaged, London, http://www.monocle.com/Unpackaged, London, http://inhabitat.com/Catherine Conway, http://www.life.com

Green Depothttp://www.flickr.comhttp://www.thedailygreen.comhttp://www.toolazytodoit.comhttp://alessandropoddie.blogspot.com

Green11http://lifelessplastic.blogspot.com

P.2-3P.12-13P.22P.24P.24P.25P.26-27P31P.36P.38P.40P.46-47P.52P.54P.64P.64P.64P.64P.66P.68-69P.70P.72P.150-151P.146P.154P.156P.158

P.82P.84P.85

P.86P.88P.89P.89

P.90-93

Image Index

Page Source

196 197

Websites

>>Plastic waste problem

Story of stuff, http://www.storyofstuff.com/

Month without plastic, http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/monthwithoutplastic/

Pacific ocean plastic waste dump ecology today, http://ecology.com/ecology-today/

Plastic- Sustentator in English, http://sustentator.com/blog-en/tags/plastic/

Sea of trash-pollution in the world’s oceans, http://www.nytimes.com/

Wikipedia : Great Pacific Garbage Patch, http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastic_Island

Reuse vs Recycle, http://www.greenlivingtips.com/articles/100/1/Reuse-vs-recycle.html

Lifelessplastic, http://lifelessplastic.blogspot.com

Seventh Generation - Kaplan EduNeering, http://www.institutesustainability.com/

An environmental mark. A better way of living, http://www.planet-positive.org/

Rise above plastic, http://www.riseaboveplastics.org/

Waste Online Homepage, http://www.wasteonline.org.uk/index.aspx

Mission and Goals, Plastic Pollution Coalition, http://plasticpollutioncoalition.org/

UNEP DTIE SCP Branch http://www.unep.fr/scp/

The Local Philosophy , http://www.localphilosophy.com

http://www.algalita.org/index.php

Green Festival , http://www.greenfestivals.org/

Be Wise With Plastics, Healthy Child Healthy World, http://healthychild.org/5steps/

Tipton: Think Before You Throw | Sustainable Cities, http://sustainablecities.dk/en/city-projects/

TakeOutWithOut, http://takeoutwithout.com/

TapIt Water, http://www.tapitwater.com/

Bib

liogr

aphy

Books

Brown, Tim. “Change by design”, HarperBusiness, 2009

Chapman, Jonathan & Gant, Nick. “Designers, visionaries + other stories: A collection of sis-tainable design essays”, Earthscan Publications Ltd, 2007

Mau, Bruce & Leonard, Jennifer & Institute without Boundaries. “Massive Change”, Phaidon Press, 2004, Market Economies, Corperate accountability, P130-133

Mau, Bruce & Leonard, Jennifer & Institute without Boundaries. “Massive Change”, Phaidon Press, 2004, Manufacturing economies, Cycle to cycle, P181-187

Heath, Chip & Heath, Dan. “Made to Stick: Why Some Ideas Survive and Others Die”, Random House, 2007

Heath, Chip & Heath, Dan. “Switch: How to Change Things When Change Is Hard”, Crown Busi-ness, 2010

Rogers, Heather. “Gone Tomorrow: The Hidden Life of Garbage”, New Press, 2006

Documents

Product-Service Systems and Sustainability, Unep-imp, Allegrini Casa quick, P11

System D. Ecoefficiency Guidelines Vezzoli Polimi 07 08 3.11, P9

198 199

Unpackaged : http://beunpackaged.com/

Catherine Conway (Unpackaged) on Twitter : http://twitter.com/unpackaged

Should supermarkets be made to refill, Life and style | guardian.co.uk

http://www.guardian.co.uk/lifeandstyle/wordofmouth/2009/

Store visit , http://www.thegrocer.co.uk/

http://www.hemispheresmagazine.com/

Green11 : http://shopgreen11.com/

Effecorta, http://www.effecorta.it/prodotti/

Detersivi alla spina Millebolle Point, http://millebolle.iport.it/index.html

Ecopulito, www.ecopulito.it/

Punto Pulito, www.puntopulito.it/

Market of choices, www.ecopulito.it/

Vomfass, www.vomfass.it/

Green depot, il nuovo retail eco-friendly a Manhattan, http://www.designerblog.it/

Simply Sma, www.simplymarket.it/

Eco supermarket, http://servicedesignblog.wordpress.com/

Mail Online, http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1191954/Refill-coffee-jars-supermarket-cut-needless-packaging-says-minister.html

Detersivi Sfusi, http://www.detersivisfusi.it

Detersivi alla spina A.Q.system, http://www.detersiviallaspina.it/

Aprire un negozio di prodotti sfusi alla spina, http://www.creaimpresa.it/

Produttori Detersivi, http://www.ecospesa.com

Shoppers to get coffee jar refills at supermarket, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/greenerliving/

Green Living, Environment, http://www.independent.co.uk/environment/green-living/

Month without plastic, http://www.facebook.com/pages/Life-Less-Plastic/

>>Bangkok

Bangkok Metropolitant Administrator, http://city.bangkok.go.th/en/index.php

http://203.155.220.217/pipd/07Stat%28Th%29/Stat%28th%2952/stat52.htm

Bangkok’s urbanization issues: Population, trash, and sex in the city Life in Thailand

http://www.thaiasiatoday.com/

Pollution Control Department, Bangkok, Thailand, www.pcd.go.th/

State of Waste Management in South East Asia, www.unep.or.jp

Thailand Fights Addiction to Plastic Bags, http://worldenvironment.tv/

Thai plastic waste : http://guru.sanook.com/pedia/topic/

^MfqLdYrZmy^: ^M:k\S\myY= , www.thaivolunteer.org

=R{P[\ `ZzAzC¡Oq@U¡k¿ www.greenleafthai.org

\ `ZZpfAqMT^n [R ^M @M zC¡Oq@W^kcNm:¿ http://developed-thailand.blogspot.com

Ť{Z wfkOq@ť :r¡y^:\¡fR”, http://webboard.mthai.com/7/2007-08-29/342384.html

>>Case studies

Thesis book 12dec

Documents

Transcript of Thesis book 12dec