Theses and Dissertations Thesis Collection · 2016-06-03 · ACKNO>.':LFDGEWfcNrs I...

263
Calhoun: The NPS Institutional Archive Theses and Dissertations Thesis Collection 1977-03 An interactive computer interface with a digital receiver Borries, William Glenn Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School http://hdl.handle.net/10945/18155

Transcript of Theses and Dissertations Thesis Collection · 2016-06-03 · ACKNO>.':LFDGEWfcNrs I...

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Calhoun: The NPS Institutional Archive

Theses and Dissertations Thesis Collection

1977-03

An interactive computer interface with a digital receiver

Borries, William Glenn

Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School

http://hdl.handle.net/10945/18155

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NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL

Monterey, California

THESiSAN INTERACTIVE COMPUTER INTERFACE

WITH A DIGITAL RECEIVER

by

William Glenn Borries

March 1977

Thesis Advisor: S. Jauregui

Approved for public release; distribution unlimited.

T178065

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UNCLASSIFIEDSECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE rwhan Data Bntoro*) 3UAIE SCHOOL

W>

REPOUT DOCUMENTATION PAGEI. REPORT NUMBER

READ INSTRUCTIONSBEFORE COMPLETING FORM

2. GOVT ACCESSION NO 1. RECIPIENT'S CATALOG NUMBER

4. TITLE (mnd Sublltla)

An Interactive Computer Interface with a

Digital Receiver

3. TYRE OF REPORT ft PERIOD COVERED

Master's ThesisMarch 1977

t. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER

7. AuTMORf»> ft. CONTRACT OR GRANT NbMlC^i)

William Glenn Borries

1. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND AOORESS

Naval Postgraduate SchoolMonterey, California 93940

10. PROGRAM ELEMENT. PROJECT, TASKAREA ft WORK UNIT NUMBERS

II. CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME AND AOORESS

Naval Postgraduate SchoolMonterey, California 93940

12. REPORT DATE

March 197713. NUMBER OF PAGES

12414. MONITORING AGENCY NAME ft ADDRESS^// dlttorwnt from Controlling Oftlem)

Naval Postgraduate SchoolMonterey, California 93940

IS. SECURITY CLASS, (ol tntt riajort;

UNCLASSIFIED

ISa. DECLASSIFICATION. DOWNGRADINGSCHEDULE

1«. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (ol I'M* ittporl)

Approved for Public Release: Distribution Unlimited

'7. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (et (>• aft«lrac< ontt+4 In Bfaec 20, II different /ran Rmport)

IS. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

It. KEY WORDS (Contimio an rowtoo tldo // nmeodomr •"•* Idtmtlfr oy Woi* niaaaar;

RegisterBufferInterface

Digital

Computer

20. ABSTRACT (Contlmto on rwvarM tido II naeaaaary m4 imtniitf fey ala«A- m—iftarj

A computer interface to connect both the Applied Technology AirborneComputer (ATAC) and the KIM-1 Microprocessor to a Watkins Johnson digi-tally tuned receiver was designed and constructed. The existing ATACcomputer program was modified.

DD , ^n"M7, 1473

(Page 1)

EDITION OF 1 NOV St IS OBSOLETES/N 0102-014- 8S01 I -j

'INHASSTFTFnSECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAOE (Wnon Dttm titl*

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UNCLASSIFIED

yucumTv classification of this p»G£f>*>»n r>.i« £ n(„,5

DD Form 14731 Jan 73

S/N 0102-014-6601UNCLASSIFIED

SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS »»ljerW>«n D«f« Fnf»r«d)

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Approved for public release; distribution unlimited

4 n Interactive Computer Interface witha n

i a i t a 1 Pece iv°r

by

to i 1 1 i a fli Glenn RorriesLieutenant/ United* Stages N'aw

B.S.i UniteH States Naval AcaOe^y, 1c? 7

Submitted in partial fulfill fDPnt of t^er*eouireT. <=>nts tor the decree of

MASTER OF SCIENCE IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

from t K e

NAVAL D OSTGPADi'ATE SCHOOL-

1 arch, 197 7

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C.I

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ABSTRACT

A co"iput°r interfsc 6 to connect h o t h t- h e Aoolied

fecHnoloav ftirborne Comnu*e r f A t a C ) ana the K I m - t

Mi c roopocesso r to a /. =1 1 H i s Johnson digitally tuned receive'1

was desioned and constructed. Tne existino A T A C cornouter

proorar. *. ^» s modi f ien.

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TABLF OF CONTtNIS

I. INTRODUCTION 10

II. IHE RECEIVER IS

III. [HE COMPUTERS 22

A. ThE ATAC 2 3

ti. ThE KIM-1 dS

IV. IHE INTERFACE c7

A. CONTROL SECTION c(̂

ti. INPUT/OUTPUT KEGIoTtPS 58

v . IHE PROGRAM a?

A. MAIN SrSTt^ 1 ^2

ti. RECEIVER CONTROL ^S

vl. RECOMMENDATIONS 50

vli. CONCLUSION 51

APPENDIX A: INTERFACE WIRING 52

APPENDIX 8: ATAC OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS bO

APPtNDlX C: ATAC PROGRAM ASSEMBLY °?

APPENDIX 0: SAMPLE ATAC OUTPUT oS

APPENDIX E: CONVERSION PROGRAMS FOR IHE ASSEMBLER o8

APPENDIX F: ATAC PROGRAM i?

BIBLIOGRAPHY 124

INITIAL DISTRIBUTION LiST 125

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LIST OF TARLF5

I. Problems am Solutions - -— - - -— ------— ----_-__-_\ y

II. Receiver ^ o c e s a n h Periods 19

III. Interface C e n- m 3 n i Lis*" "52

IV. ATAf Proqra-r Commands 4 a

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LIST OF FIGURES

1. Computer Control 13

2 . Ihe Receiver's .^ord 16

3. block Diagram of the Digital Section 13

a. AIAC I/O Timing Diagram 2U

b. Interface Control Section (Part 1) 3

o. Interface Control Section (Hart 2 ) 31

7. Interface Tiring uiaoram ^6, input Register --- 40

9. Outout Register 41

10. A r A C Program c 1 o c i< D i a a r a m 4 3

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LIST UP ABPRFVIAT10NS

A/O

ASCII

Bauo

D/A

r- i nh

I/O

TC

IF

ISP

i O w

LSB

TTL

IJS8

PFC

Araloo t o i a i t a 1

ft rr e r i c a p Standard Code for*

Information Inf ?rc K argp

B i t <s cer Verona

D i q i t a 1 to A n a 1 o q

TTL look 1 (+5v)

I rout a^ci/or OufDUt

l"t°a r 3 t ? ri Circuit

Inter m pniat° Freauencv

Intpr^?cigt p Sideband

TTL logic (Ov)

Lo.vor Sideband

T^a^si^for transistor Loaic

Uocer Sideband

Beat r ro-jtjencY Osci Hator

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ACKNO>.':LFDGEWfcNrs

I would like to 6* cress ""V ^eo aonreciat ion to Carole

H i c k e v who wrote the initial A T A C prcorams. without her

Main System the croqra^mina that 1 did would have oeen

unbearable. T would also like to thank- the following peode

who have helD^a along the way" LT. £ 1 Way/ A 1 G i 1 k e s > Greo

hiqiposr LI. Bill Hic^ev, 8 c b G 1 a z / Dev° D1 o n d e n , Oean hayesr

ana V i r a i n i a W a •* 3 . M est lTrort^nf I v» I want to tk ank my

« i f ° ; Cathy, for* all t n e> encouraaenient an'- advice s^e has

given r,p> TL^ina the writing of '•his thesis.

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T. INTRODUCTION

For mgny decades -nan has ire^meo of the day when

machines ccuM rel i^vp h i m of m 1 1 c K of his work. In t Ki s era

of coTnut'ers and a^vanceo technolpgv, this aream is now

o e c n m i n o a reality. i"onnpcHpq computers to other machines;

h o i* e v p r , is no* fust a si mole Tartar of runnino a wire from

one to fhp other. In orner for the computer to b^ ahl « to

use its H t-hinlci^a" ability, it must h a v p some way to

translate its sia^als into a f o r m that is recnqnizeH ry the

mac K ine it is control lina. This is w h p r e the interface

oecomes all important.

An interface is a oipc° of eouipment rlaceo in the data

oath between two devices. Its DUPpose is to rearrange*

translate* or* c K a r a e t K e speed o f his cata to meet the

needs o f n n p nr both H e v i r e ^ . In o t n p r c a s p s the inte r face

is used to convert' ^a*a f r c^ ^r e^a loo to digital (A/D) or

oiqital to angloa ( r / A ) * r> r it , or both. Intprfaces of either

tvce ranoe in complex ity from a few integrated circuits to

t k e use o* microprocessors. '-'ost* however* fall in between.

This thesis discusses the dpsim ano construction of an

interface in this middle class. ^ere* the computers a rp the

A op 1 i e g Tpchnnl^qv M rbome CoTu^er ( A T A C ) minicomputer and

the f^O S Technology Inc.'s KTM-1 microorncpssor. Th*»ir goal

is to proT"?m ana o^oress outputs tro"1 a d i o i t a 1 1 v tunable

Vi a t k i n s Johnson N J - 8 8 * 8 .

The two compute'" s v s t e m s a r r i \/ e at t r. p i r goal by

10

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different mears. The ATAC uses a closed 1 oop w i t h the

ooerator (Houre la) while the K I V - 1 excludes the operator

while executing i t- s proorann (^icure lb), in the ATAC 1 ood

the ocerd^o r actively c^n* rol s aH communication between the

computer and receiver. In this w a v it is possible to

d i s n 1 a y i n^or^^t i c r fro^ * h e receiver on the video display

at any time except curing a scan (see Chanter v). It also

provides quick re'erenc a to the data to he sent, the data

last sent » a n H latest received data. T hi s was invaluable

durina debua^inq. F rpf" fio terminal if is also ocssicle to

adjust available ra r a meters a s necessarv to m o e t any

reaui re^e^t .

F u e K T - 1 -1 does not directly exc^e^ne dioi^al woros with

t h e receiver, but rather pxc'ianoes diai^a 1 da*3 for a n a 1 o a

data. Tni s ones no* rrovidp ^ fee o back loco that includes

the operator. ^r.c. e heaun» the K [*•'-1 nroararr selects and

sends oata words to t^e r <= c ° i v e ^ and processes tnp analoa

a a t a received until the o r o a r a m comes to an ena or is halted

by the operator. Direct information is not available to

determine w n p n or if a a i a i t a 1 woro has been s e n t or

received rorr»cf I v.

1 1

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Problems encountered durinn rhe desion and construction

o * tne interface xr.r, their solutions are shown in Table I.

In this instance si anal level compatibility was not a

problem o <=* c a u s e the I/O f ro^ f h» receiver, the interface*

and tne two computers w <= r o a)] TTL loaic levels and/

therefore/ matched. Tt is believed that these oroblems are

a tvcical list t h =? t nay b » encountered wh»n interfacing.

i I

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Interface

1 COjJVHJ^

ATACOperatorDisplay

ELITE 2500 WJ 8888

rnmmnnd

1

Interface1

(a)

A J

7dI

KIM- 1

OperatorWJ 8888

Interface

(b)

Figure 1

Computer Control

1 3-

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PRPBLE^

1. Noise on the ATAC I/O

i nes .

SOLUTION

1 . Use of Schottky circuits

reduced or eliminated fh*

noise.

2.. Different clock rates

of the co^outers and t Hp

receiver, and different

data word 1 e n a t h s .

?. ATAC; converted parallel

outnuts into serial form.

K

I

m - l ; used interrupt lines

to slave the K I M - 1 to the

receiver's c'oc<.

3 . T i m i no 3 . Identified rerei vr

periods u y t h e Monitor Clcc<

output. This crovidea a pulse

which sionaled stable r*a^ a .

4. Inputtina data to the

ATAC.

4. Ooen collector buffers

were used to sink the reauirea

current for nrop*»r aata transfer

5. Switchino between the

ATAC and the KIM-1 .

S. Multiplexers a no buffers

were u<>ed to switch between

the two computers.

Table I

D roblems and Solutions

la

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TI. T^E RFCFIVEP

The '' a t k i n s J o h n s c n >i J - 8 " 8 P ('"i J 1 is an HF receiver

designed for use in the b^O KHz to 3 <"> M Hz band. Tts

advent a ae? inr hja a the ability to detec*' and output ooth the

AM and F (•' IF sional s while s i n» u 1 t a n eo u s 1 y maintainina a

s°parate output o * e i a h t selectable a^tection modes. Options

available to t n e operator include different IF bana widths*

variable ^ F a a i n , s a u e 1 c h control, and a tuneable BFD

freou°ncv. IKp iv -J is d i a i t a 1 1 y controlled and uses a 6 ^ - b i t

word as shown in F i a t j r e 2. . This word contains the

information npcessary to transfer tn? fr°auencv* detection

Tiode* TF bandwith* R F a a i n , R F P freouency* ana signal

stronqth h n t h internally ^nr\ external ly.

All incuts ana outputs from t n <= receiver are controlled

Dv the synchronous* remote T / board. This board is a oated

transfer point for all d i a i t a 1 oata exchanged with the

receiver. A number of control lines are needea to provide

t^e necessary demands on t u e receiver. TKr«=>e balanced input

pairs ana four ha'a^cpa output line cairs* olus a ground ^re

provided for this nurocs". ^11 three incuts are r p a u i r e d

for reno^e operation. Thev a^e address (or enable)*

tricqer* and data inout. The address oai r is the most

important for it s e r v ° s as the -- a s t <* r "on-off" switch for

t Ko p g n- a i n d

e

the I / n nairs. Thp outputs furnish the

reauired clocks (command end t o n i t o r } , output data* and a

local / r e m o t ° status.

1 S

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The W a t k i n s Johnson operates on a seauent igl cycle

diviapo into four »nu^l neriod? ?nH six ioenti^iable mooes.

The periods reaulatp the Hi f terpnt onerations while the

mooes ascertain the o r i q i n of * h e data. Table IT shows the

interaction of the cerioo's and ^ o d e s of the receiver. Three

of the six modes are me^orv read and write functions? these

cannot be remotely control l°d a n ^ , therpforp/ are o * no

concern Here. r 'f thp re m aininn thre°» two are t h e remote

active and ro^ote n a s s i v a to^ oi5. These allow the

introduction of external lv oenefated data ano prevent manual

intervention during all Cut one of thp four periods. Manual

Control is available in t'n e r e m a i ^ i n a t o o ° , local.

In c r •'e n to manage the data word "ove^ent correct lyr the

receiver utilizes a common bus or data node arranoement as

shown in r ioure 5. T ui = ^itoI i 'i^s onent ion bv forcing all

a a t a «nrds to n-iss t h r o u o h this node in the sa^e direction,

reoardless of their r r i a i n ^ r desired destination. The

multiclpxpr controls the incut to t h e data node. Control of

the multiplexer a n q , thorpfcrP/ the orioin of the data is

manaoea dv the internal ti o H e s of the receiver. The

objective o f o e r i o d one is to load the receiver reaister.

In the local ano re m ote passive "i o o e s / t h e aata wed is

shifted frnrr the front panel reoister^ throuqh the

multiolexer and ^ a t a noo°, into the receiver reqister. The

difference bet ween ^se two m o o e ^ is in the action of the

data nrinr t^ shifting. T he local mode uroat°s the data

word from the f^ont d a n p 1 s^oraoe registers during the earlv

! 7

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storoqelatches

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Encoders

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i Section

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RF Gain

A/fr fVA

Storage

Registers

Signal

Strength Input

from Receiver

Section

RFGoinAnalog Data

To ReceiverSection

RF

GainTo Receiver

Section

Rgure 3Block Diagram of the Digital Section

1 8

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portion of period one. This action is inhibited aurina the

remote passive ^ o o1

e . In t h *» remote acM ve irode the data

word orioinafes f roc a remote device/ is shifted b v the

COrrfnano C 1 o r * tk rouch t- n o rp.notp 1/13 board, on to • h -=

receiver r e n 1 s t ° r via t H e multiplexer an '3 data node.

The first cart of the s <= c c n ^ period is spent 1 o a d i n a the

data shifted durinc nenod nn<=> into the r^civer storage

reqi sfers. D t j r i n a t h i s time the s i o n a 1 strenath is updated

in the receiver r e o i " t ° r reaardl ess of t h ° p o d e . The WF

gain A/n-o/A converter *u n cHrn5 accoroino to tne selected

n O 3 e . In t h o local T n d <= the P r qaif Hits in tno data word

are replaced b y A / (J conversion of the f r c o t canel P F 09m

control knoc F h e two ra-^t^ ""o^es reverse this action and

load tne P f q a in n / "• co n v°rtor with this o a t a t r o n the word.

After this is completed* t K e w o r H is shifted in all modes

out o * tne r e c e i v ° r r ° n i s t e r , throunn the multiplexer and

data node* end into t K e front pene) recister. If the

adcjress line * r o m the r « ^ o t » device is active h i a h , the data

word end mp ^jni t-jr r|nci< a r e available on their respective

outnut- line pairs.

Periods three ana four inhibit n-pve^ent of the data

word. Peri no three updates tno front oanel pushbutton

lights ana numeric display. Period *our is the onlv period

in wnich c^^noe^ in receiver to^p are- all^wea. Durino this

oeriod c h a o a e s * rem a r e ^ o t e nod*3 *" o local f or from local

directly to rpnote passive can o r> 1 v o ^ accomplished bv

depress inn the aoorcpriate pushbutton on the front nane' . A

?0

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chanae from local 3rd p o m n t e o a s s i v o to remote active is

automatically done ^ y the ro"iot° T/n hoard whenever both the

address and t 'nqer line oairs a r & active h i a h durina this

period. The remote activ° ^o^e immoaiately reverts to the

re-nntp cassive mode at n « b e a inning of the next period

four. The total cvcle tirre of t^e receiver is 10.24 msec

(?.Sb msac oer con'oi) . Tn or^er to chanq*> modes

successful 1 Vr it Tay b p necessary either to Sol a in the

du shout ton or to K ol 1 the triaqer ana ado res s linos hi oh for

ur to 7.o Q tspc (fr^po rerjrrj?) , T * i s ensures that the mode

change demand occurs in d e r i o d four.

\ 1 1 o u t o u t s ar- e available f <* o "* connectors J I / a n d J 6

throuon J 1 located on t- r. e hack o' the receiver, J 1 is tne

digital I / ^ connector. Tno ot K e r conr^ct'ors a re all an^Ioa

ou touts. Jfc is 3 ^55 kh z IF si an el of at least ?0 KHz

bandwidth. A'' $r j FM ^eteotcr ^ori tors are orovidPd at

connectors J 7 and •J ° respectively. J p is a oredPtecticn,

4 5 S KHz c°nfer ^roaue^cv TF outnu f whose banawidth is set bv

the front panel. A balanced and unbalanced 1 i n p audio and

bot h upper and 1 o */ e r sideband outputs a r e available from the

appropriate pins at J 1 . The balanced line operates at all

times. Tne unbalanced line is o n e r a h 1 « unless headphones

are o 1 u q q e d into the front panel. Tne lower sideband output

is active when t K e receivpr is in °ither T S ^ or LSB

detection modes* =>no ^ho uooer sideband cutout is active

durinc T S P. , U ? B , ^ n o C »'J modes.

?1

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III. THE COMPUTE D S

After styiy ; na • n o inputs ana outputs from the receiver,

three choices ^r? available * o r further development of the

interface. If co u 1 ^ He o esia-'e^ to o a s s the cine 1' Dulses on

to the interrupt lines of the computer and/ therefore/ match

the compiler's t iiiino to that of the receiver. r f a buffer

could ce constructed to i^out the :) a t a serially at the clock

rate of the computer and output it at t-ne cloc^ rate of the

receiver. Tp<=. third c r, <~ i r e / ^' <=c a buffering arranae^ent/

could exchange HdM in na^^l 1 °1 t n * h o rcput°r and serially

to the receiver.

The chief t a c •" o r influencino t •- o ^esmn decision was the

availability ^ n d distribution of computer central and T/0

lines. F o r the first enrrruter/ the primary objective was to

invest iaate the feasibility of hot" remotely tuning the

receiver an*"1 accenting a da^a worn in return. The

reauirements fo r t-ne serr-nd computer/ tk e ,v S Technology

Inc. K I M - 1 , were less strict. ft 5; obiective was to tune

the receiver d i a i t a 1 1 v through use of the interface. Tts

input/ however* * a s to c o m e frnm a A / D converter for

process i no.

?2

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A. THE ATAC

The AT AC was originally desianed to orovide E w service

to aircraft. q u i 1 t to an re a 1 * t i me aoa 1 v s i s of s i on a 1 s / it

has v e r v short eye l p t iTe r>» ont i onal microcode proararrming,

and double orecision arithmetic as oart of the standard

p a c ^ a a e . AT] t Ki s / cn^hineH with its 1 a r a e instruction set*

makes the A T A C a versatile ^ n d powerful tool. A 1 t-houoh oata

coulc be transferred -serially H y proper programmina, the

ability of t h * & T A C to h o t n i "> c u t and o u t o u t sixteen b i t s in

oarallel on the P TC d a r a 1 1 e 1 i npu t / o t j t o u 1 3 lines proved

Tor° advantaaeous. 'mv n n o of the ATA C ' s sixteen recisters

can incut or ou^nut f r o ~ t h p s p lines. *n o r a e r to orooerlv

transfer this o^t s» the* P J C bus Tu^t be auamented by an

Address o r o v i d e d by the si xfe°n b i* s of the "extenoea"

Arithmetic Peaister fXAR). Annther necessary nutDut is one

that informs the °xt?rp^| device wb°n r *- ^ A T A C is ready for

the transfer. On the & T ^ C this function is provided by the

InDut/Outout Oomanrj (TOO) lino. ^«terri no to t h p t i m i n a

a i an ram in Fiaure Q r a^ incut command is initiated by

Dlacina a^ address nn the X A R 1 mes ana f o 1 1 o w i na this

adaress with a low on fh» 1 D . This siqnifvs that the ATAC

reoister is r^a^y for oata. After approximately one

microsecond/ the TOD is placed high and the address is

removed. Durina this microsecond the data 'or the ATAC must

be stable. F ^ r an o u t d u t command, h e X A R and the PI 1"! lines

first present the adaress ana data for outout. rthen they

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TfT

>7FC

oO

^ 5Eo

o

Q a,9C

3 E

*

<

0)

5OQ.

ao

a

Q.C

<

oQ.

QO

oQ

3ao

?4

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are stabler the TOO line is spf low. The data is then

3 v a i 1 a n 1 e for about a -nicroseconar p s b^forp. Thp TOD line

is t h e" olace H hiqh ana the adaress and aata arp removed

frc^ their respective linos.

For ooerator i^t^r^c^ ion a serial A S r 1 T / HS2Z2 1/0 Dort

is also a v a i 1 a d 1 e . * Data^edia Elite 2 S u television

terminal is connected ^ e ^ p to provide the operator with the

necessary control a n o ci'o^rar^ina c a p a h 1 i t y for use of the

A T <i C . Bv crocer proararoming a n d use of t h o XAR lines* it

was cossihl»

Using a oemultiolpxer rn the interface board? four of the

fiv3 available V A ^ aadresses were separated into sixteen

separate commands. One o * trip re^ainino lines anH the 100

line were use H ^ s 3 t r o & e s to identify t K e ^ecei v°r and to

signify stable reM (Chapter III). T hi s arrangement

nrovioeo hern t K e adequate isolation piori Mexicle operation

op 3 i reo.

t-to ^^ translate eac^ cowman'-1 for t ti p i ^t°rf ace.i

B. J»t KTM-1

The K I V - 1 is at t h e o t h « r e^o of the computer srectrum

with resoect t'o t K e A T £ r . Tt. is a microorocesso r aesiqned

around the V 0S Tec^ncl nav Inc. serips ^ C S 6 S Central

Processor unit-. Complete on a s i n a 1 e cnnt°a circuit boards

the K I V - 1 is s i it n 1 p * o o o e r a t e and easv fo prooram. While

its evele time is slower then ti-st of the A T A C r if is still

^uc*-1 fastpr t h a n th«=> receiver ano more than adeouatp to meet

?5

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the reaui regents. ''i nc° t- h p incut data can-p f roti converted

ana'oa ;pt? surrl i e'l from the receiver's F'v' IF output (J9)

and an external A/0 converter/ the desion for this nortion

of the interne was si^oier.

For a Tor^ detailed a'scussion o * the K I M - 1 , itsobjectives/ crooren-e;, and cnerat ina orocedures» see SignalAcquisition ^n -i Samn 1 i no. I J s i n o a "Mcroproressor, by L T . D.^osepKe^oer .

?b

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TV. THE INTERFACE

The interface w a s initially designed solely for the

ATAC. A -,, P a n s of convert inq four ATAC words into one

receiver word was no e oed first* in o r oer to test the

proaram, the ro^nutpr, and the receiver together. The

simplest" -inn cheapest ^a v to accomplish this conversion and

s t i 1 ] 'ul.lv uMli79 rho capabilities o f the ATAC was to

build a b ^ -b i t r e o i s t <= r u s i n q e i q h t parallel-in, serial -out >

e i g h t -b i t shift- reqistefs. A control section was also

necessary to nrcnerlv handle t Ki •> data. The ATAC Y A n

adoresses were -lec""-^ b v this c^nt^l section to provide

the load commands 'or the reiist°rs ana to sianal the

receiver to input t n e word.

The next steo in construction was also simple in theory.

Since tne compute'" us°s the P T U lines for input as well as

outcuf/ what was needed was a connection which would not

intorf er wit k th^ section already built. The TCs chosen to

isolate tu e two s^cMons -=» r <» called Tri -State. These ICs

have a "no cutout" state in addition to tne normal high and

low o * TTL circuits. T h e v could not; however, sink op

supol v e n o iJ q h c u r r e n t to d r i v <=> the computer p I bus. A

solution was f o t J n by following those I C s with open

collector ru*f°rs. N' o t only aid they provide thp n ecessarv

amplification, thev did not- d e o r a o <» tne isolation

performance of t n *=> Tri-^tat^s. This second section also had

?J

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a b^-bit- reaister built f fc t n p s^a' l°r shift reqi sters.

In tnis cas°f thouqh, tu ev were serial- in, oaral lp|-out . In

order to remove t K e word from t K e reaister in sixteen-bit

sections, t h e ou touts f r n m the shift reqisters were

connected to four~to-one multiplexers. These multiplexers

were Tri-State. *V i t h «" h e nrnner coofrn] if was nossible to

shift the word * r n m the receive 1" into this r e q i s f e r , and

transfer it to » -i <=> P In bus in the correct sequence.

Increased cotoIpxi tv in t K e c o n f r o 1 section came with

this i f^o' e^e^t at i o p . ft method >-as n e e a e o to nrpv^nf the

com outer from t "'^s^T^no -3 wore until it ha a been

comDletely shifted into t n <=> reii e tf r. The period two c 1 ock

outnut from the rpc°iv«r w a s used as a reference to provide

a ou' s° to inform the cn rrcu t- e r whop sMftino was co^ple^e.

This cul 3° was positioned in the s a ^ p t i m p interval as

p p r i o d three of f h p r*>c°iver. T he additional D e n ° f i t of

identifying oerio^ f o u r * a s obtained. T his meant f nat the

output for the t r i qa e r line to thp rec. e i v p r cou'a be shorter

and still ^eet t n e reauirement to occur in a portion of

oe r i od four.

After co^oleMrn of t h <=> test in a *or the ATAC, an

interface was desicnea and constructed for the K I M - 1 . This

desiqn was very s i m o 1 e f o implement, since all the necessary

timinr circuits a a r p 3 i r o a ^ v h u i 1* arc tested. The two

computers w p r p kept from inter ferrinq with each other bv

installation o 4 a manual switch. This switch controls the

?8

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address of a mul t l'olexer ^S?t separates the lines in the

interface cc^on to bot^ computers. The control section was

w i r e - w r a o n e d ra ,, n o r than r i ac°ci on a printed circuit board

to provide oreater flexibility* easier maintenance^ and to

reduce cost.

A. TUfc. CONTROL SECTION

The ^eart of tn= intorfare is the control section

( ^ 1 a u r e s b and 6 ) . The "i a i n putoosp of this section is to

decode ^ni route commands fro^ t h e A T A C and provide tne

necessary c 1 r c rJi M to interface with tu e receiver. It also

contains the circuits for t^e onerat ion of the receiver p y

the K I

N

1 — 1 . T^e re'- ?' v°r's outputs are driven by line

drivers w K ic*"> p^ovioe complementary TTL levels. The inputs

are applies to Hoe poceivecs which accept these

complementary T T t_ levels. The interface, therefore* had to

use these same receivers and Tn' v «rs to De cc^natsc'e with

the Catkins Johnson.

The ^P^T switch counted on the front of fn» interface

case selects he computer control 1 mi t-he receiver. With

the switch in the A T A C position, a h i a h is placed on oin 1

of IC-JJ and pins I and 10 of I C

-

MM . I C - J J is now set uo to

transfer the followinaJ the address and data outputs to the

line drivers on I C - L L t the tri oner command to oin 2 of T C ~ Z >

ana a low in line C C* 7 . The C C K 7 line completes the

?9

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TRA [0]

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CCA

AODA

K ADO

K AO

KAF

TRK

( i\l u m h p r s in

AI" & C f rioq<?r Con-, nmani

D e c e i v e r inout word ^ n e

D ecei

v

p r inout word two

p ereiver incut iior'" three

Receiver inout wnrd four

Stoo Monitor Clock

Start" '-onifor Clock

A T b C - Address on

R ec?i v>r outout word one

D ecei vpt outcut word two

°9Cei v°r outout word two

^eceiv°r outout word t^r°e

'3 ece'v°r outout wore four

p e an D 1 1 for r e a d v signal

A I A C - Address off

Receiver t rioa»r

K i rn — ](~ o f ti a n d Clnc'<

Control Line for Kim-1 Connmana Clock

Corpm-ano rl o c ^ for ^ F ^ C i

r, t°rf ace

4 T A C - :<pcei ver tdrirpss

k'l'-'-i - Receiver Aoaress

K J m - 1 - Ber°iv°r AHdress (Jn

kj**-i - Receiver A^iress Off

K 1"•' — 1 Trigaer Command

brackets rpf°r to A T A C X A R ccnTands)

T abl« TI T

fnterf scp forf^nd List

32

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commands '"o IC-'^y. This TC is a quad Tri-6tate buffer which

is u s e to control the de S t initio n of the commana c 'oc<. The

switch ooens buffer one which directs the commana c lock to

the A T A C . The C C r\ 7 lino closes buffers two and four

disabling the command clock input to the KIM-t.

The MAC supplies t h *» control section with six lines.

Five of the^e a r e the X A R bits U 1 5 , 8 , 9 , ma 13. U sine U , 5

,

, ana as address li^e= to Din<= ?0-?3 of ir- n L, a four-

tO"-sixte pn aemul t irl px<?r» sixteen (2 ) u n i a u e commands

(Table III") * » r ^ m ^ a <= available. The sixth ] ino> the 110 f

ana * ^ ^ 1"* were . j ^ e ^ as strobes c r enables tor the

demultiplexer. T n this way yiD !3 was able to specify this

receiver uniauel y» a no the TOP ensured that a^cresses and

a a t a w <= r Q stable b e f o r ** c-TSSinn a command. :/.'hen toth IGD

ana xAr? 1"* ^re low, I C - is operational ana the output

correspondinq to » n e address on d i n s <En - 2 3 is forced 1 o «*

.

At anv ti^e tw a t p i t- n p r o r toth t k e two strobe lines are

high, all outputs o t I C - D are held nioh and no commands are

generated, reoaru less of t r p activity or cins 2 - ? 3 .

At- '"he b^ainnina of the Receiver Control program

(Cnaoter IV), the a T * C se^as com^anas to adaress the

receiver (n

) and to noen tu e a a t <=> for the monitor clock

( S T ) . ADO places p low on oi^ 2 of Il-E, setting the

flip-^loo ^ n d fore in o the ADDA 1 i n p hiqh. This line

activates t^e receiver' =; I/D through TC? -J J, -A, -P, -C ,

an j -LL, ^ s -Described a K e v e . T ^ e D S T commana is o a s s e d to

33

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Din 7 o* T C-E. This sets this H io-f 1 on ano allows the

monitor c 1A c '< CMC) t n shift riata from the receiver into the

s t o i* a o e register d u r i n q every p^ri on two of the rpc?i ver's

cvcle. Tnp M C line is elso connected airecHv f o a timinq

circuit. This circuit nroduces the pulse described in the

early oart of t h is chapter. The first o * a Dair of

monostabl^ ^ultiviorato r s» T C - Y (^iaure 5) is triqaered bv

the firs'" r]rr'« nulse of vr. jr-Y outputs a ru' s** interval

A of timinq d i a q r a m (Fioye 7), w h i c h triggers the second.

The seronT's o u t o u t t interval p/ is connected to pin 1 of

I C - T I » a nJ oat jv?-p"'j» ( riaoere^» J - K flic -•'lop. This IC is

wired so that it is set on the output of the second

multivibrator ana r e s ° t bv either the t K e output of the

first tuI t i viorator or •" H ° c o m m a n d T R . The outrut of this

f 1 i d - f 1 o p t oin ' 5 » is call en the D L P . This line is

multiplexed with the least significant bit of the output

register and inverted uv TC-H for use bv f h <= A T A C on line

Dl 1 .

The R L P oulse i <= adjustable t^rouoh variable resistors

(trimmers) on<= and two. J c i v^e <~ one controls interval B and

trimmer two interval fi . T o eH<=c*' » fi^iipr two varies the

cosition of the nulse a^^ trimmer one its width. The

placement ano width a r e the * » v to nroc»r ooerafion of the

interface. FK e cuise must regain in oericd three. Although

some overlap into c^rind four is a 1 1 o * a d 1 e it is not

oesiraole» and env oveHaD into period two could cause

^u

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amm ii ii » i53

*»*» '-. •*»«. *.%.v*.V

aaassBaaa

CD

*-MMWflT

a

E2o

^ 5£ ?II

oou^»c

a2

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incorrect opfrat io n , At- present, the R L P pulse is

cronrafr,iT?H for ° v o r v otn^r d e r i o d f hree. This allows the

receiver to stabilize between sarnies taken bv the computer.

If more c Ipss t i m p is n o s i r ^ a , the nul sp can he set in

every, every other, or ev°rv third oe r iod three by varyina

trimmer one. Greater time between mjl s^s can b° ac h i pved by

chanqino th» .47 u F capacitor CHH-7/8) to one of larqer

value.

/hen the AT AC is r e a o v * c s^n-i a worn, it loads the

input recistT of the i"t"rface using co^^a^ds n I a, DIB,

D T C , DID/ ana r^en wai^s for a Man on r h <= Oil line. When

R L P is low, ni ' is h i o h and tn° ft T A C sends c c n- m a n a TRA.

I"M s c o m. « a n a is rowt' o i to a separate monostable

multivibrator, i r -7 # by w a v o f multiplexer I C - J J • The

timino circuit pnv'r^s the t r i ca»r o u 1 S e in o <=> r i o d four

which c h a n a e s tK e receiver's mode t^ r e ^ o •" e active. It also

sets PL D hicn to nrovpnf anv interaction with the ATAC until

this cvr Ip o* t h e receiver is complete. During the

foil owi no period nne, t h e r^c°y y 'e r sends fh<= command clock

co the input rocist'er via TCs -J.J and -M^ r and inputs the

aata wora thro u oh Ir s - .1 J and -i.L. weanwhi le; the ATAC is

waiting 'or PLP to no low aoain. .'hen it aoes, the ATAC

Closes f hA 'T qatp win a DSP command and leads four

sixteen- pit words with commands DHi, DOB, DOC, ard DHD.

Once the receiver ^r r ^ is stolen in the ATAC, a D S F A command

is sent to np«n rho m r o a *" e . I'j hen f h» n^orator has finished

excution of t K e ^Civ°r Control n r nor a ^ and exits, the ATAC

3b

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sends ^hp interface cof>fTiands AD^ and n S p to turn off the

address linn to. the receiver and close the N*C a a t e . The

interface 1=! n ow baCc in a stand-by status.

In order to sef up t h p intprfac° for operation with the

KIM-1^ t^e rese f button nnust te Dushea ana the computer

switch placed in the K I M - 1 rosiMcn. The reset button is

unique to K T M - 1 interface orerahnn, ana is necessary

Decause o * the use of the " IM - 1

' s non-mas^ahlo int«rruot .

This interrupt is used * o synchronize the K I iM — 1 with the

receiver's coTmand c I oc^. ? res<;ina the reset button places

a Tce n tKv low nn np i of TC-^ K/ the flip-Mop that

c^ntpnis r r* & receiver's address 1 i n p *mi t h e K I M - 1 . Ih i 5

resets tu, e f I i d - f J o o a ^ d insures t h a t Me ccnanri clock

outout is disabled until reauirpd. T C s -.J J and -MM now

transfer data f row the K I w - 1 an-i not the A f A C . The CCK7

line follows t n e adoress 1 i n e Mo^ Tu KK and gates the

command cIock o f f a^o on at the proner t i ti e • »'.hen the KI^-1

is reaav to send i word to fh° receiver* it waits for a low

on the Q|_P 1 i ro. T h i «; line is connected to the ma s k ab

1

p

interrupt lino. This low qon prates ^n interrupt and places

the K I M - 1 in the output proorarn. This routine provides a

t ringer o u 1 s e '

t c r the tnoaer t i m i n a circuit and outputs the

data synchronously with the corrrnano c 1 o c < . The difference

oetwepn t K e ATAC and K I V - 1 acH^ns of the interface is dup

to the position of ffio switch. [he onlv function the

interface serves is to provide reliable ana ccinatihl e data

to t^e eoor^nri-ite oevicP/ whether it is receiver or

T7

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c omnu t e r

j. INPUT/OUTPUT REGISTERS

These two reqi sters ere use^ 'or the a T A C only. The

registers w e r e desionated input o r output c v their related

function aH 11 the receiver. They were constructed to

provide the necessary, t^^porary s f o r a a e « hi 1 e convert ina

parallel ^nn serial data b a c < a r d forth. Both reoister*; ^rp

connected to too PTC nus; with the rr a j^ r difference b e i n a

t h o Fri -State connections o * t k ^ <=e r nl to parallel, or

cutout r e o i S t e p .

The i nnut pea

i

step (Ficure ^ ) was the easier to

i m o 1 e "T" e n t . T t c n ^ ci s t s of e i a h t ''-nit shift reois^ers with

parallel i n p u *" and s <=> r i a 1 o u *" p u *" . The parallel i "put c o "n e s

from the AT Ac's PID bus, which is buffeped by schottKv

inverters to reduce nnise. f^e 1 i n ° s are connected t* o the

ICs in such a wav a ^ to 'oad w o r a s in^o two adjacent shift

reiisfers simultaneously. This is possible because tne shift

pea i stars will only latch a => t a in when their respective load

line is low. Py proper connection of the DTA-DTU lines to

oin 1 of the TC Sr and coordinatina ^n« commands with the

oat a* the out out r«nist°r can be completely ana correct I

v

filled. T h p c o f ti a n o cl^c^ f r <-> t t *> e receiver is connected to

pin 1 ^ of e a c k of ^ h e eioht reaisfers. Aihen it is present/

it c'ocks the H e f a throuah t K e r » a i s f e r exit ina through oin

16 of I C - VV . F ror h ere» it aoes tnrouah tne control section

38

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at I C -MM and on to the receiver.

The output reaister f F i q u r e 9 ) performs tHe reverse

operation. However* in or j er to separate it into words that

are short enough tor the AT AC , the flat? has to be

multiplexed before it can he connect°a to the Pin bus. The

Tri -State multiplexers* I f s -I through - 1_ and - U through

- X # and the required b u f f e r s f ICs -Ft tHrouon -GG» were used

to prevent int^rart ion with the P T bus wh^n not in use.

The timing ~Ar° is ^^r** critical t Han in t^e input reaister

system. Re fore the AT AC ben ins a r<*a^ cycle from the cutDut

reois f er, tK e cb r ^ si anal *• o t h e rfiis^r is stoopea (0S D ).

T ^ i <s orevents t k e At,., r + rn^ reading npn-^tationary data.

All t n e fri-State tu! t iolpxers a r = a

a

dressed ^ v connecting

xA-v pits /! and c> * o oins ? ao-< '4 "esoacf i ve' y. The commands

00 A -DOD are ftMOeo tooeth»r f •'; ^ "jHed and inverted) snri r h^

outout connected to all t^e mulMnlexpre; ^s strobes at pins

1 and IS. 'M-iPn t h e A T a C read 1^ a w o r a > the ViR hits select

t*">e word a n o the strphe produces it aurinq t K e microsecond

when the D ir bus is available.

39

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<<<Q

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CO

oo

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Page 87: Theses and Dissertations Thesis Collection · 2016-06-03 · ACKNO>.':LFDGEWfcNrs I wouldliketo6*cress""V^eoaonreciationtoCarole H ickevwhowrotetheinitialATAC prcorams. withouther
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c

OCL

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p

rr^ >

i

rr

TT

rtt! ri-

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MM

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=JI

TT

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TTMil l

!'

i nl| i I^

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V . THE P o o f, * a M

The STAC rroara"1 was written in two major sections; a

system Tonj tor and a control. The monitor is c a 1 1 e a the

Main System ana orovides 'he operator the ability to c r o q r a m

the A T A C * r ^ m the operator's terminal. P e c e i v e r Control

commands the interface end , th»r»fcre the receiver. Both

pronra T s were initially written oriir to the construction of

the into r fa C o, 50 many modifications were m a a e u s i n a the

" ; ain System and its suoroutines. After the interface was

built and t ° s t e H and * ^e> Receiver Control section modified

to cohh^ctlv contnl the t u n i n o of the r°c 3 ' ver» the complete

ci-ocra^ was saved on oar^r t a o e fHrc o ', "i ix C). Operation o *

t H e computer is aiscussed in Aooenaix 6 end a s a m r 1 e run can

be found in 'incpn'ii » F .

A . T F £ MAI N " Y S T F M

T K e Wain System section consists of a small executive

and a arouo o * interconnecteT suoroutines (Houre 10). The

executive orovides a oasis for the subroutines when the

rpc°iver control o roar am is not nojng executed. Tt is these

subroutines th^t control t K e inout and outcut to the

operator terminal. The input routine is called KFY^R and

the out out routine, OUTPUT. nijTPHT converts correctly-

formatted computer '*oris into A ^ C T I and displays them on the

UP.

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Executive

RECEIVER

CONTROL

^z=. * Subroutine Call

Figure 10

ATAC Program Block Diagram

"3

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I. COPE Corrm a nd <=

CO Call S C^HF f rn-n KFY^R.D'l

DT

CH

D^

' address

'

' ado res s

'

d. CS 'address

- - displays w memory locationsoeoinninq w i t H 'address'.

-~ disolavs the contents of memorylocation ' ado ress '

.

'value' ~~ h p p 1 a c e s tne contents ofmemnrv at 'address' with'value'

.

-- :3poinninq at 'address'/ thecontents of memory are reolacedwith the values tvoed on thelines following the command.Exit is accomplished by commanoDO.Returns execution to CGPE if in

C^> otherwise returns to callinorout' i n e .

i T . e c a i v e r Control [^'''""^n

:>

x e c

3 .

b. 1

r . 2

d. 3

e. 4

f . 5

a . b

h . 7

i . 8

1 s P ereicut i v e

S e t ~ up -

^ n t r y i n

D i so lev*!

i sc lavsr o r o

j ve

r

n i sn 1 aysr ec° i ve r

S on d s seR ou* i ^ep y ec ut e

R pro i v e

f r om t n p

E X 1 t nroR o 1 n l t i a

ver Control from tne

Pontine to input values forto p eceiv^r.set- uo control word,last control word sent to

last control received from•

t-up control word to receiverto input scan variables anda scan.and Display control wordrecei v <=> r .

qram and return to caller.1

i

z e program as if entering.

Fable IVa C * C Prcnram Commands

U4

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terminal. K £ Y M R Hoes the reverse* and stores the input in a

buffer fc use hy fnp caller. KEY W R. and O n T D UT were

proa rammed t ^ accent and ^ii^c'av only unoercase letters*

numerals* i n d a s m a 11 nuTn»r of nepdea symbols. But*

because of the m e t h c d e^oloved * o convert ASCII to machine

code, it was found that eac K lower case letter entered from

the keyboard was automatical 1 y maooed into its respective

uDD°r case twin. T^i s relieves f ha ooerafor of th°

responsibility of us i no the s^i^t <ev. A part of the >\ E Y ^ P ,

called COPE* is a v a i 1 a C 1 e for j s e ov the ocerator tc display

and /or change sacMois of memory. The four available

commards in t h i ^ routine ?nc< their fu n c f ions are displayed

in fanle IV. ra r e "'jst ^ e ta^en not to c h a n a e memory

locations which are used by the M ain ^yst°m. This could

result in c o m o 1 *> t e erasure o f *• n p A T A C ' s m p m o r v . Without

KEY^R* OUTPUT* *nn COPE, or routines si mi liar to them, it

w o u 1 a nave been e<t '•e^el y difficult to o e r f o r ^ anv amount o *

tcubleshootina or modification of the Receiver Control

sec t i on

.

6. RFCEIVfcR COMTROL

This section of t h e syst-e^ is a branch of the executive.

Its Tis i n objective is to control roth cutouts ana inputs of

the intar^are i rc7-- f ne ooerator's terminal. To assist t h o s <=

ODera*"crs with Mttle pxreripnce in this system* tne

Receiver Control section is eauipned with uncomplicated

'J 5

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instructions and nrcararr safeauards. This produces almost

foolproof opprat ior but* it- does so at the expense of

orooram simolicitv. Discussion o* this section is seoarated

into two Darts. Fi rsf a broad descnot ion of the comolete

section is discussen, followed by a a e t a i 1 e d look at t h » two

subroutines which interact witn the interface.

^jhen the D eceiv p r Control o r o a r a m is ent-ere' i t

oerforms five i^onrtant actions. It initializes all

necessary f 1 aos! enables the receiver a r> o oce^s t h e M C aate?

sends and receive^ a c o m o 1 e t e receiver worn; ana displays

the instruction set to t- h *> operator. Af t^r t h i s / it calls

on KEY W H an-*. waits * o r a command. .' h en a^ input is

delivered* the n r o a r a m crocks its 1 e o a 1 i t v . T f it is not a

v a I i a c^m^ana* K E Y ?* R is c-^1 1q o a o a i n .

a v a 1 i 3 c^rrrra^o is a numeral between zero and eiaht

(Table IV). Thes*3 can he seoarated for discussion into

t^ree qrouDS. T h» display crour (0-3) inputs ana pxchanoes

information with the operator. The receiver rjroup ( 4 - 6 )

performs ^nerations with the receiver, l^e final orouo of

commana? (7-8) are usea to exit or rei ni t i al i 7e the p r o o r a m

.

Group one has o^e incut a^d three disolay commands. Command

zero instructs th° operator to inout the parameters desirea.

It stores these parameters in memory in the oisolav format*

as oocosed to control word format. Commands one* two* and

three all oisolav car a meters. One oisrlays the last

parameters s^t-uo b v command zero. Two disolavs the last

parameters se p t to the receiver. Three disolavs the last

46

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word receiver; f pot the per ei vpt. Commands seven and eiaht

make uo qrouc f K ree. Spv?n exits the proqram pnt j pel y and

returns to the executive after o i s a c 1 i n a the receiver,

tight/ on th«= o^pp handr returns the urogram to its

beginning as if it h a d iust been entered.

The remaining t u r e e commands are the most important.

Grouo t rt o commanas control thp actions of the interface.

Ccmmana four converts the parameters set-up bv command zero

into control word format. I 1* Mpp calls the I/O sub routine

aescricec b e 1 o w t ano outputs ?nH incuts a receiver wcro. To

merelv receive a w <-- r H f r o n t h e rerpjver, command six is

used. The croor--<rr: calls the incut subroutine below and t h e n

exits to ccmrrqno thren to d i s p 1 a y the parameters received.

Commang five scans a banc o* frequencies selecteo by tne

operator in s°3 r c^ o * a ^ r p c i f i e d s i o n e 1 s f rernt h . All

other raren-eter-e; r e n- a i n the same ^ s those set-un by command

zero.

/. i t h the exception of the instructions executed when

entering a^O exit inn Receiver Control/ comclete contrnl of

the interface ang the rpcpive'" is r°sioent in approximately

forty computer instructions. These forty are grouo^a into

the two subroutines ft JR. and wJS. wJS sends words to the

receiver ana W J R receives them. W J ? loaos the information

and aHgresses to be sent to the receiver into the ccmDuter

registers. The a1c r e c s°s are then ^atcheb to a word of oata

ang sept- fo the iif'P^ace innut register. The routine now

waits for the appropriate signal nenerated by kLP. /<hen

n?

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this is receive"*/ a t rioaor comrrana is sent to load t He word

into the receiver. At 'his point the routine checks the

value of a counter. Tnis test is to prevent the computer

enterina an infinite lion if ei t He r the interface or

receiver is not turned on. If f h e test is unsatisfactory,

the routine prints:

INFINITE I- OOPPLEASP CHFQK RECEIVER AMD INTERFACE

and reverts to crera^o r control. I f the test is

satisfactory, t h e suoroutine automatical I v continues to . < J R .

,''ij"- loans a^o^or s e f o * aifKesses into the cnnnu f ?r

re'3i sters. e re f short wait for t h° k L P sional is

nec°ssar< before a n v sc f '"n is *"a^en. T n e K'C gate is closed

it mediately uoon rec^int of tnis sianal. The receiver word

is then loaded into the A 7 a r hv outoutt ina the address on

the XA p lines and r e a d i n a the data on the PTO Hops. When

the complete w o r d is received* he V'C aat° is ooened. At

this mint it is necessa^v to '•est for command six. This

test Determines whether the comouter is sendina and

receivinq or onlv rpc°i vinq. if the execution of both WJS

and w J R is h e i no nerfcr^ed/ a comparison between the word

s°nt anr1 the word received is necessary. This comparison is

shipped if the comDUter is only executing ft J R (command six).

The first three coot ro' words sent by W J S and received bv

W J R a r e used for this c^moarison, ^ h e n it is performed. If

a 8

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any worcs differ* the co^ou t <=» r returns to WJS to rpoeat the

cvcle u n t i 1 ore of two co^oi t io^s ar° mot* either* the words

match or the WJS counter test discussed earlier fails. If

the words ^atch, .'.' J P continues on to convert the received

control words into the display format and tnpn returns to

the caller.

UQ

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Vl. PtrO^'FiNJOATIONS

The ^v^tr-rr as it stands now is out a beqinninq.

Additions and modifications •for future work should include?

A/D converters for the r e c e i v ° r nutouts; Morse and/or

teletype ^ecoOers? and an exoansion of the computer oroaram.

Imc' e^ent at i or of either of the first two implies the third.

There aro sor-o ocer^for assistance d r o q r a m rodi * icat ions

that re^d to he m a d e . T h *=> two f h a t come immediately to mini

are CI) a method to aoort the scan routine f r o"* tne

orerator's console, ana {? ) the ability to c n a n o e individual

parameters in addition to f K e s°t-ur command already located

in the o r ^ :: r a ~ . "-i^iM^n of t n f3 A/D converters ito! i°s a

oroorair increase to decode and process this new data.

Switching routines *nr> probably some haroware will be needed

tor the decoders. The caoani 1 i r i es of the system are

limited only by the abilities of the ooerator and

proarammer.

SO

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VI I. rON'CLUSmr,

As long as he computer reaui res only that data obtained

f roT the receiver's word/ t^e interface is flexible enough

to DroviHe reliable results. At this tire there are no

known "buns" in either the interface or the oroqrar. Both

have been thoroughly tested to orovide thp operator with the

rest oeoe^oaole svs^e"ri c o s s i b t e

M

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fiPPEMDTX A

A. RoarH !

IntPara^eH circuit- locaHon<? C f r o ^ Too of DoafQ).

IPS

TD

1

r

B

1

T y cc RB

e

DD

GGM

5 y p

T In i

1

F

A i\D

! I AP C j

r

c n - y r

T

r hj t

JFF

o

H ..T V F E

w

Tnteorat^a Circuit

* i p ; r !f

; F ! G !H

p i n 1 r 8 ifn

! 8820 !Afl3n

; 7 i 7 6 ! 7 a o 4 :74 ! 7U157

1 ! 8D1- M! R01-K ! C-2/Z-3! VCC !

M-3 !HDP-E ! 0D- 1 a

2 nc ' nc ' C-l/C-3! D - 8 h-3 :1-9 T I - l a

3 BD1-L ' BD1-

J

c-2/c-a DD-15 A - 6 / Y - 8 ! F - 1 1 F-2

a nc nc C-3 VCC G-5 E-l 1 1-6

S nc nc B01-F vec ft A -6 F-4 nc

6 F-3/Y-8 M - 1 BD1 -H VCC G-l? F-9 1 nc

7!

GRD GPD GPO on-7 GRD • GPD !GRD

p nc nr nc P D - b r-8 nc 1 nc

Q nc nc nr VCC G-6 nc 1 nc

10 nc nr nc nc I 1-3 nc !nc

1

1

1 nc nc nr G-4 G-3 1 F-13 ! nc

\? 1 nc nc nr VCC 1-15 F-6 1 nc

13 ! m nc ! nc GPO G - 11 DD-ia ! GPD

I * ! vCC ! vrc ! v re ! nc ! vCC ! VCC ! VCC

15 ! X X X X X X X ! X X X X X X X : < x x x x v x JP 1 - Y ! x X .x v x y x ! X X X X X X X ! xxxxxxx

16 ! X X X X X X X • x X X X X Y X ! x x X X X X X : vec ! X X X X X X X ! XX XX XX A ! xvxnx x

52

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Tntearated Circuit

I J K L VI N

p i n 7214 721 a 7214 7214 74164 7 4 16 4

1 X-15 I-15/J15 J - 1 S / K 1 S K-15/L1 5 R-6/M-P M-1 3/N-2? DD22/J-2 I-2/K-2 J-2/L-2 K-2/U-2 M —

1

N-l3 S-3 3-5 S-!0 S-1 2 F-1 U-6a Q-"5 Q-5 n-i o Q-12 T-1 u-ios 0-3 0-5 - ! 0-12 J -6 V-h6 H-/J v.-

5

M-10 M - 1 2 J- 10 V-107 EE-1 C E-S EE-1 ! FF-1 GRD G D DB G K r> G D D GRp G R o m-p (4-8/0-8Q EE-3 F E - q E F - 1 3 FF-3 VCC VCC

1C M-4 M - o M-t 1 vi - 1 3 K-6 W-61

1

n-u 0-6 0-11 0-13 K-1 W - 1

1? q-4 Q-6 0-1 1 Q - 1 3 1-6 X-613 S-4 S-6 S-1 1 3-13 L-10 X-1014 DD23/J14 k - 1 a / 1 1 u j-i y/L l

y

k - 1 a / u 1

4

VCC VCCIS F-12/J-! J - 1 / K - 1 K - 1 / L - 1 L - 1 / U - 1 xxxxxxxx YXXXYXXX16 v c r vrc VCC VCC XYXYxYXY xxxxxxxx

G D! Q R co i

T

p i n 7 4 ! ^ a 7 a 1 o 4 1 7 U 1 6 a 741 64 74 164I

7416 4

i r-J-13/0-2 n-l 3/P-2 P-l 3/Q-2 0-1 3/R-2 K-13/S-2 S-1 3/T-22 0-1 P-l n -1 K-1 S-1 r-i3 1-5 U-5 T -/J U-4 r-3 U-5u 1-1

1

U-l 1T -12 U-l ? T-1 3 U-13

5 J-5 V-l 1 J-4 V-4 J-3 V-36 J-1

1

v-i 1 J -'2 V-l? .1-1 3 V-137 GRH GRD r.RP GRO GkO G D Dg

f |-P /D -P - 8 / Q - 8 p - a / p - a Q - 8 / S - 8 p_p/j_p S-8/F-8Q VCC v rc VCC VCC VCC VCC

10 K - cIff - 5 K -Li n - 4 K-3 vi - 3

1

1

K-11 N - 1 1 K-12 ft- 12 K-1 i A - 1 3

12 L-S X-5 L-4 X-4 ' L-3 x-313 L-1 1 x-l 1 L-12 X-l? L-1 3 x-1314 VCC VCC VCC vCC VCC vcc

S3

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I n t en r a t ^3 Circuit

U V /j Y Y 7

o i n 7? 14 72! a 7? 14 721 4 536 5^51 L - 1

q / 11 1 S Li - 1 5 / V 1 5 V - 1 5 / W I 5 W - 1 5 / X 1 5 Y?/Tr-1 A GPD

2 L-2/V-2 U-2/rt-2 \f - p / x -? w-2 Y-l/HH-6 PD1-F3 T-3 T-5 T-1 r-12 HM-S C-l4 R-3 R-5 P-l R-12 vcc , VCC5 P_7 P-S P-10 P-l? BD1C/II 1 ! HH-1b r.i-3 IM-5 N-10 M-1 2 Y-o HH-2/Z-77 FF- r

. r F-l 1 GG-1 GG-5 GRD Zb/Tr-3A8 r-PD GPD G R n GPD A-6/F-3 VCC9 FF-O FF-n GG-3 G G - 9 Y-6 XXXXXXXX

10 r\ -'j N-o M-1 1 N - 1 3 VCC XXXXXXYX1 1 P-4 P-o P-1 1 P-l 3 HH-0 XXXXXXXX1? P-4 K-6 P-l 1 R-13 Y - 1 3 / H M 4 XXYxYXXX1 3 T-u r-b T-l 1 T-13 Y 1 2 / T P 2 A vxxxxxxx14 L - 1 4 / V 1 4 1 j - 1 a / :\ 1 4 V - 1 a / x i >\ n - 1 4 VCC xxxxxxxx15 U - 1 / V - 1 v - 1 / .•<• - 1

k'-1 /x-t X - 1 / I - 1 xvxyuxv xxxxxxxx16 \>C.r vrc v c r

v C C x x x x x y x x xxxxxxxx

AA 86 LC EE FF GG ! hH TI

D i n 742'- 7 a s o a 7 4 s o a 7 a o 7 7 4 7 7 4 7 CAPS 74 761 DD-1 o CC-n BD1-17 T-7 L-7 H - 7 Z-5 Y-52 DD-1 1 n o - 1

«

Or-? 3 3 D 1 -

1

BD1-7 BD1-13 Z-6 VCC3 nc PDl -2 1 nc T-Q L-9 |'j-9 Y-l 1 P-la DD-P BP-F nc RD1-? BD1 -8 R D 1 - 1 a Y-l? vcc5 DD-l 3 BR -4 8P1-T J-

7

Li - 7 Y-7 Y-3 nc6 F-5 DD-l 9 p n-l R D 1 - 3 601 -9 RD1-15 nc nc7 GRD GPD r t^n GRD GRP GPD Y-2 ncfl nc DD-20 nc R D 1 - a BD1-10 B D 1 - 1 6 GPD ncQ nc PDl -20 nc J-9 U-9 X-9 GPD nc

10 nc DD-21 nc P 1 - s BD1-11 nc GRD nc1

1

nc B D 1 - 1

9

nr K-7 v-7 nc GPD nc12 nc PD-22 nc "u 1 -6 BD1-12 nc GPD nc13 nc D D 1 - 1 8 nc K-9 /-9 nc GRD GRD14 VCC VCC VCC VCC vcc VCC GPD H-2\^ X X X YX Y V X x X x X < Y X Y X V XXYXY X XYX YX

Y

YX YXXX XYXXXX nc16 X X X X X X X X X x X X X Y * YX

Y

X X X X X X X X X X X Y YX YXYX x XXXXX r-RD

sa

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Tntearatert Circuit

on•a 1 5 a

p i n loin1 RD1-P ! 13 AA-S2 RDl-X ! 1*1 r,-i 3/h-i3 P D 1 - 'i ! 1^ nc

a P D 1 - V ! 1* nc

5 RD 1 -11 ! 17 E-3b E-8 ! 1« RP-21 E-7 ! 19 ' HP-6>i E-2 !20 B R - 8

9 a a -a ! 21 6 R - 1

1 A A- j \d? BR-1 2/1-21 1 h A - 2 ! 23 CC-2/I-ta12 G p D !2u VCC

IT. Boa ra a

Integrated ri xui f locations f f tot Too of board)

W ,'j C

R

n

?

QO c 3 UU N

] -

N

E

C

pp RR T T vv T

Y r

u

R

^5

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Infearatea Circuit

no pp 1 no PP S3 TT

p i n ' 74io5 741 q 7 a 165 7416^ 74165 741 b51 6 P 2 - A B D ? - A ' B02-B BD2-B 602-C BD2-C? GRD GPD GRO GPD GRO GRDT

rtW-p y y-o in w - ? YY-6 W W - 2 YY-6a A W - 1 2 Y Y -4 .vW-12 YY-4 WW-1 2 YY-4c; i ^w-^ yy-2 1 WW-'J YY-2 'A W - 4 YY-26 W W - 1 YY-l 0'

. WW-1 YY-l n W W - 1 YY-in7 nc nc "C nc nc ncR Grd G°0 QkD & p D GRD GPDQ P P - 1 o QQ- 10 p D _

] S S - 1 1 T - 1 u 11 U - 1

10 vcc r(

1 _ g PP-Q Q Q - 9 RP-Q SS-91

1

XX-? x x - 4 X X - ? YX-4 XX-2 XX-41? XX-12 VX-o XX-12 XX -6 XX-12 YX-013 .-. w - » xx-e . i<; - a XX -8 IN w - P XX-oin h l'. - 6 YY-l? ,-

; *J-

fe YY-l? WW -6 YY-l?ic BD2-21 ;r

n ^-?1 B D ? - ? ] rP2-2t RQP-21 602-21lb v c c ;

r C \/(;r /CC vcc \ICC

U'U V v ,.M .»; XX Y r

c i n 74 165 7 4 165 7 4 s O 4 7 4 s 4 74 3 041 302-0 B " 2 - B02-17 BD2-10 BP2-42 GP n npr 00-3 * 00-1 1 * PP-S *

3 WW-? Y Y-fc B02-15 h 2 - 9 HP2-34 WW-1 2 Y Y-U OC-R * p P - 1 1 * PP-'l *

5 Ift W - 4 YY-2 BD2-13 bP2-8 r>02-26 l/V W - 1 u Y Y -

1 00-14 * PP-12 * pp-3 *

7 nc nc GR n GRO GPOfi GRO npr 00-1 3 * pp-1 5 * r-C

Q W - 1 6^?-r< B02-12 BD2-7 nc10 TT-Q Ut!- G 00-6 * n c PP-6 *

1

1

XV-? AX-4 B03-14 nc 602-512 XX-12 XY-f 00-4 * 00-12 * PP-1 4 *

13 /, VM - P X Y-0 BH2-lb B02-1

1

. 602-614 r: 1" - 8 Y Y-1 2 "CC vcc VCCIS B 2 - 2 1 PD2-21 KXXXXXXXX xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx16 vcc vcc XKXVxY/V< xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx

tus connection - "nl v first connection s^own

^6

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C. Hoard ThreeIntegrated circuit locations (from Top of Doard)

C O n n e c

R 3

nt-onratPd Circuit

J J KK LL V\ NN

C i n 7 a 1 S 7 7 a 7 f B r 3 7^il?o 8P201 B D 3 - 1 VC r LL-2/JJ-7 30 3-1 BP3-52 K K - 1 b BD3- 1 1 LL-l/LL-3 BD3-17 nc

3 oP3-6 BD3-12/20 L l -P/LL-U nP3-l^ B 3 - a

u L L - 1 re LL-3 J J - 1 2 nc

5 BD3-8 vec RP3-7 GRD nc

b BD3- C' nc B D 3 - 1 B D 3 - 1 b MM -9

7 LL- 1 nc r-^r GRP GRDp GRO ^C R D 3 - 1

Q ?^S-i ' ocQ b03-13 nc 603-1" N M - P 1 nc

10 BD3- l

a

nc LL 1 i /JJ-a BD3-1 nc

1

1

nc c nc LL 12/1 Ll BP3-3 nc

12 MM1 3 /MM -4 ^c L L 1 3 / 1 Li 1 M M - nc

13 GRD ^PP LL- 1 2 J J- 12 nc1U

! KK-15 nc vec vec vec15 ! GRD JJ-2/JJ1 a xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxIn ! V C C ' nc X YXXXXXXX xxxxxxxxx ! xxxxxxxxx

^7

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D . Ccnnec forsC i re u i i

R o»rd fnie*COnnec^r?

R01 ! Pi)2 PD3J !EE -2/BD2-1 0/C M l-2 I

f^PO SW1/JJ-1/MM-102 :ef -a/RD2-l 1 /CN1-3 I i Y - 5 / R D -1 3 M M -R/RD2-213 !EF -6/RD2-12/C w l-4 I V Y - 3 / R 1 -1 a y,|w -1 1/CM3-1a !EE -8/RD2-1 3/C v'l-S I Y Y - 1 / R -1 5 ! NN -2/CNP-25 IEE10/BD2-1 7/CN1-6 I YY-1 1 /PO 1 -16 ' MM -1 /C02-36 IEE12/BD2-1&/CN1-7 I

Y Y - 1z / P " -1 2 JJ -3/BD1 -Y

7 IFF -2/RD2-1 5/CM1-8 ; x X - o / R D -1 1 LL -R/C 2-10•p IFF -/1/RD2-1 4/CN1-P 1

X X - R / B D 1 -10 J J -R/C03-2Q IFF -6/RD2-Q/CN1-10 I X X - 3 / R D I

- pI J..

I

-6/RD2-K10 !

PF -P/BD2-R/CN1-1 1 ! X X - 1 / R D' -1 LL - 6 / C N 2 - 1 1

1 1 JFF10/RD2-7/CN1-12 1

X X - 1 3 / R 1 -2I

KK -2/CN3-312 FF12/PD?-6/CN1-t3 WW-Q/BD 1 _ 3 *K -3/0 N 3-413 IGG -2/ q dp-2/om -?s ' KW-5/PD 1 — y J.I -o/POi -Fl'-i GG - 4 / R D ? - 3 / C N ! - 2 U "v-ll/PO - R JJ- 10/B01

-

D

15 IGG -6/RD2-a/C'\'l-?3 ! v v - 3 / R D -7 T J- 1 1/CN3-516 GP -R/RD?- c /CM-?2 /• v, - 1 3 / P D 1 -6 nc17 CO 1 / C f 1-1

1• ;..!' -1 /RD' -R nc

1° "r-i3/roi- l 7 ^c LL -R/CN2-121° c B- n /ooi -1 9 nc LL - 8 / C N 2 - 1 1

20 BR-o/CNI-18 ^C KK -3/P F^E T

21 BB-3/CNl-?0 00-1 5/B[>3-2 ncI? nc GRP vec

A GRD 00-1 /RD1 -X GRDp nc 00-1 /PO 1 -W ncc II-14/Ci\i3-6 I SS-I/PD' -V ncD nc 1 UU-1/BD1 -!J ncE 7-2/ "03-13 nc ncF 05/CN2- nc ncH C-6/CN2-R nc ncJ 8-3/CN2-7 nc ncK R - 1 / C i\ 2 - 6 nc ncL a-7/o:ip- c nc ncV A — 1 /CM? — ^1 nc ncM nc nc ncP }D-1 /RD3-1

a

nc ncP nc nc ncg nc nc ncT I:C-5/CNl -14 nc ncII D0-5/B02-D nc ncV DD-a/802-C nc nc'/, 0D-3/602-B nc ncy DD-2/BD2-A nc ncY F-1 S/b(^3-b nc nc7 tf'CC nc nc

58

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Cabinet CoTiPc^ors

p i n C!^ •1 C M2 C N 3

1 ! GR D G PD ! RD3-3 "CCK"? 6D1-1 "PIP 0" BD3 -a "cr - '

'! B D 3 -P "DATA K H

3 ! BD1-2 "P [0 1

" BO 3 -5 "CO +'*

! BO 3 -11 " K A C "

a! BD1-3 "P yn ?"

'D

1— M " VI

f. - ''

!PQ3 -12 " K A F "

5 ' BD1-4 " p 1 3" B01 -L "Mf + '

'! ° D 3 -15 " T P, K "

6 801-5 "Pjn 4" "0 1 -K " D - ''

!p D1 _ 3 M p |_

••

71 501-b " P J Q 5

»

PD1 _ T "OP ± ' ncP BD1-7 ..Dtp

ft" Q

1- H "

J o - ' ncQ B D 1 - 8 "DIP 7" BOl -P "TP + ' nc

10 BC 1-9 "PIP P" RQ3 -7 " D I - ' nc1 1 B D 1 - 1

"d j n Q " ^03- ln "DT + ' nc

12 B D 1 - 1 1n PTO 1 f!" 503- 1° " 4 - '

r,c

1 3 B 1 - 1 ? " PTO 1 1

•• h03- 1° "An + ' nc

14 BOl-T "IP II

J nc GROIS nc <~C nc1 b BOl -1

7

" V uP a" "C nc1 7 PO'l -1 8 M XAR c

"

nc ncIP

j BD1 -?u "YAP a " nc ncP B D 1 - 1 9 " VAP Q " nc nc20 BD1-21 " XAP 1

3" nc nc21 rr PC nc22 BD1-16 " PTO- 15" nc nc23 BO 1-1 5 " PTG- 14" "C nc24 60 1-1 4 " PTU- 13" nc nc25 BDi-n M PTO- IP" nc nc

E. Discrete Co^oonpnts

*~aoac if ops R e s i s t o r s

01 uF h H - 1 / H h - 1 4

2 uF HH-2/HH-1320 uF HH-3/HH-1?

1 uF H (-' - 4 / H H - 1 1

01 uF HH-5/HH-1047 uF HH-7/HH-8

T r i mfper

1 2 3

A Y-l : Y-13 : Z-7B vrc ! VCC ! VCCC v c c ! V C C ! VCC

*9

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APPENDIX B

AUf OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS

P c w e r U o

Turn on front panel c p w e r then turn on Power supplies.

Power Down•Hal t

'

' M aster Clear 1

D o * e r off to surol i°Sf nowe r of* to controloanel .

Pun Proaramfaster Clear'Dial '

Iv h •

• A U x "EG'• ENTER' (associated with ft U* REG)• M e v o P Y

'

-Set start a d a r e c s +1 in keyboard (Hexacecimal)• Pes '

•ENTER' (associated with PCR)• RUN '

3 1 op a Pr^T-a'-' HALT

'

Read ^e^ory (frn-n front Panel")•HALT'Set oesireo ainress in kev boar^Select 'MAP'•ENTER' (associated with MAP)'INC' (increment)' DEC '

( dec retienf )

Adoress is displayed a r n v ^ m a R l<ev> a a t a is displayed in

red LFDs annvp MEMORY key.Use I* ; C or DEC as necessary to arrive at memory location

d e s i red.

W rite into v e t> O r y (from front Panel)• HAl T

'

Set adoress aesired as de<:crihe H in Pead M e n* o r y .

Set a e s i r <=> a data into keyboard'ENTER' Ussociate'l with MEMORY)Value in kevocard will he enterec into either Memorv

(MEMORY! ^r A computer Peoist^r (FILE).

60

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Bootstrap Load (o?ppr t a o e )

'HALT' MASTER CLE^K '

• A U X REG'Dial ' IMR''ENTER' (associated with aux PEG)• w [_ v o R Y '

Set ° 1 in kpytoarc!C 1 = L c a a , 2 = Verify onlv)

'RUN*At e n cJ of ^are cfi^c^ crrara-n status

hplow PCk an<j .«1AR pushbuttons)light s f red LEDs

ooo n = Loac qooHF F E E = p arity errorF P" F H = Verify efror

61

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APPENDIX C

if AC PPQGRANi ASSEMBLY

Assembly of a crooram is divided into five parts;

writing^ oroducino absolute deck on I P v 56 , conversion of

absolute ~:ec< in ?o ATAC format » punching nacer tape/ and

loading ATAC.

A. Wpi tina the orogram,

Prccr^T"; for tn? ATAC r"u e t n ° written in t He ass^nbl v

lanau'age descr-the-* in ATAC manuals \l o 1 u m e s One, and tight.

THe finished rrnara' nugt b° o 1 a C e d o n cards for t h e I

B

M 3 6 ^

in the f o 1 1 o w i n a format:

LABEL CPFPATTCM VAPIABLE CDvvEMT

PLANKS

B . Producing an absolute dec*

The first S t e o is to load the assembler on to the IBM

360 from magnetic * 3~ a . This is do^e bv «=>xecutino crogram A

in Aooenaix E. This fr^n^f^r^ the orogra^ * r o m tape * o disk

and saves it * o r one ve^r. One* the assemoler is scored the

62

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followinq cards placed in the front of a procram written

fol lowina th" instruct- ions in I above will produce an

absolute deck ana a orint-out of 'he crogram.

//4TACA//ASSEi*//STEPL//

/ / F T 6 F

/ / F T U 7 F

//FTO^F/ / F T P F

//FT09F//

/ / F T 1 F

/// / F T 2 F

//

/ / S Y S P R

/ / S Y S T N

SJOBSASSEM

SSM J

E

16 OD

1

1

OU 1

0011

OP f

<FC P

D S N

D S

D S

D D

D u

PD

1 D

!

001 Dl

Ii\iT Hi

Dl

U

PCu

pcu

DCS*

72G M

- S

voYSV S

PiN

NIV|

I

R =

M\'I

Q,0= AP

72

L = SPUTCUTA Vf

T = 5!

T=SCRET = ^

f RFT- c

(KF

1«5

ss9.

e y

= P

= c

YSYSCFV P

c r

Y Q

C^

a,ons?),'rcH ftTAC ASSEM, • , TIME=1,REGION=220KATAC.ONF,UM F=3330,=DISK02,DTSP=SHR

Y S in:

DA,SPACF=(CYL#1)DA,SPACE=(CYL,(7,2)),m = VRS# BLKSIZE=M80, LRFCL =92)QA,SP«CF=fCYL,(7,2n,M = vPS»e.LKSIZE = «420a,LRECL = a2)

DA f SPACF=(CYL,(7,2))/M=VRS#3LKSIZE=200a,LRECL=500)

IDT A T A C

(place writfe° nrnqra^ here.)

ENDSBASEiLCAO P

SEND

The absolut° dec* is in the form:

0500169 c 00 c>adbc310"pc9c3!0 Q cPoc7 10 o c09c71u o a«ph030 c>bbdP32//el OlOOOu^cOlSa

05l0l609f49c010Of6ed0008aeel010a02ed()00230e10l0Pf7ed0007ae// c in7n509?01256

which must he translated for th» AT^C. The memory location

of the first w^ro is located in the first four columns.

63

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Columns five ^rH si* contain the nu^Der of word fields on

the card. The assembled o r o a r a m is Toe a ted in columns

7 - 70. Tne re^ainina two columns are d a r i t y .

C. Conversion

The ansclute d e c < ^cpive^ f r o rr t K e I R

N

1 3 b is loaded

into t s e PDP-11. After tne data from tne cards is cHecked»

the conversion d r o a r a m (conve r t ' ' i 1 e n a m e ' 'filename') can

ce °xecutea. (D rooram C in Apcen-iix F)

0. °unc^inq p 3 p o r F^o°

This coae must t h e n be transferred tc the P P P - 1 1 (A)

where a o a c e r tape can he punched. Here* t h e command to

punc n a t ao° is:

cat 'filename' >/dev/otn

£ . Loadino the ft T i C

In order to load a tare the R S 2 3 2 connector must be

connected to tn« Pao^r Tjne reader and the reader set to

12 baud. Tne tape is loaded hy fol lowina the instructions

i n Append i x fi

.

6a

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APPENDIX u

SAMPLE ATAC OUTPUT

Operator input's are under' ineH

Operator i s p 1 a

v

tXECJO*CKJFJi j nnujn

JDKOK JFJJ JNMUH

Ccirrnent s

entries ot K er thancommands

EXEC+ C0

CORE

QFO'O q

CORE» D I F

OF 09

*Fntrv into C ^ R E

LocaMon OF

cnanoen1 to °

COREt CS OF on

tQlgj

locations 0F0O t- o F 3

chanced

» <i 5 6 7

+ 000F00 02560F01 12 3

0F02 a^b7

CORE+ 00

fWJ0=3ET-UPIrQTSPLAY TFiMTATIVE2 - T S P L A Y CONTROL3=DTSPLAY RECEIVEDa=ENTER TENTATIVE5=SCAN

completion of chanae

Fx i t f ron COPE

*Fnt-rv into ReceiverCon t "ol

^5

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o=RECEIVE CONTROL7=DONE8=REINITIALIZE

RECEIVER CONTROL+ il

PREO(HZ)

1 2 IX o

DETECT MODE= A M

IrFM2=8FQ FIXED3=BFO VARIARLFa = I S 6

5 = USBb = LSB7=AM-NL

+

GAIN MODE0=HOLD AGC2=N0RMAL AGC3=MANUAL *GC

+ o

IF BANDWIDTH1=500 HZ2=2 KHZ3=4 KHZa = 8 KHZ

RF GAIN(PERCENTAGE!

+ P6

RECEIVER CONTROLf\

FREQ = 12^0000 HZGAIM WODE = HOLO 4GCIF BANDWIDTH = a Km 7

DETECT MODE = A*-'

BFO F&EO = 4 5S0 ^7RF GAIN = ft**

RECEIVER COMTROt+ P

86

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FREO = 550000 H7

GAIN MODE = NORMAL ^GCIF BAND W I n

[

h = R KHZDETECT MODE = A«8F0 FREQUENCY = 455000 ^zK F GAIN = Q^X

RECEIVER CONTROL+ 3

FREO = 550000 H7

GAN MODE = NORMAL AGCIF B A N D to I rH m = a KHZD F T F C T MODE = A w

BFO FREQUENCY = 4550 HZ

RF GAIN = 85%SIGNAL STRENGTH = 66%

RECFIVER CONTROL

RECEIVER CONTPOI

+_^_

5CANSTART FREO IN n 7

+ 10

END FREO TN h7

1 1 Q 6

FREO INCREMENT TN H7

+ 1000SIGNAL STRENGTH %

+_67

F R E Q = 100 10GAIN MODE = H n L-^ AGCIF BANDWIDTH = « KH7DETECT »or<E' = ftv

BFO FREQUENCY = 455000 HZRF GAIN = 8*%SIGNAL STRENGTH = 72%

RECEIVE^ CONTROL+_7

EYEC+

*Fxi f f ror* p eceiver Contro

67

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APPEND I < £

CONVERSION PROGRAMS FO^ THE ASSEMBLER

A. This nroara"" is run on the I H w - 3 o to transfer the ATAC

assembler from tape ATT-00^ f o Disk and stores it there for

one v e a r .

// fGPEF

//SYSUT1//DAI//

/// / r i t a p e

/////// / 3 Y S I

N

J n m CARD]NT n Q SYSOUT=A

PO Uv

I I T = S Y S D A, S P A C F = ( T o K , (au),,COhTIG)

P U M IT = ?3ia,DSN = S07?9. ATAC. ONE,SPACE=(TPK, (50, 10, 10) , ,C0NTIG)

,

D I S P = ( NE H , K E F P ) , V OL = S E R = S P 01.

3

DD UNIT = fP'JOO, , DEFER) ,DISP= (NEW, PASS) /

i APEL=(3,3L, r IN)

,

D C 3 = ( D F N =2,HLKSI7E=800,LRECL=80,RECFM=FB),VOL=SER=ATI006

DD *

COPr PDS=ATI .APSS.L0ADLIB,TG=23tU=SP00L3,FRONTD=TITAPE,FROM=2400=(ATI006,3),p E N AME = S07?9. ATAC. ONE

/*

//BUILD EXEC PGM=IEi/vL,REGION=150K,// PARMr '0VLY,XREF, LET, LIST, S I ZE= (256K , 20 480 )

'

//SYSPRINT DO SYS0UT=A//LIBRARY DD PSM = ^J7PQ.ATAC.uME / UMiT = P3ia,vnL = 3FP = SP00L"J

.

// DISP=SHR//SYSLIB HO DSNAMFrSYSl .FORTLTB , DI SP=SHR//SYSL'MOD DO r)3NA^E = S0729 . ATAC .ONE ,

// UN TT=33 30, VOL =SE9=DISK 02,/ / DI$P=(NEW,KEFP),LABEL=RETPD=360,// SPACE=(CYL, (5,1,2), RLSE)/ / 3 Y S U T 1 no UNIT =SrSDA,SPACE=(TRK,(19,lQ),,C0NTIG),// SEP=SYSL w OD//3YSLIN DD *

T N C L U D E l.PW4PV(o v| joi_ j

change msim(ihesapo)include l 1prar v

( apssmon )

INCLUDE LIPRArtY(MSXM/i, &SEM5f SIM16A,SIMTR1 ,SIMI01 #GUL)INCLUDE I [MRARY (XPL -^>i^

OVERLAY A 1

TNSERT 'SI M UL, *MSI^UI A^MFNT^YflHESAINSERT VTNT, TN, OUTINSERT IHEDBN, IriFXTD

h&

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INSEINSEINSEINSEINSEINSEINSEINSEINSEINSEINSEINSEINSEI iM S E

overT JSE

INSEOVERINSEOVERINSEINSEINSEINSEOVERTNSEINSEINSEOVFRINSEOVERINSE

v E R

TNSEoverinseoverinseTNSEOVERTNSEE N T R

N A M E

/*

//

//SYS//SYS////SYS//

RTP F

PI

RTPTRTPTPTRTPTPTPTPT

PTLAY

IHEBSM,I^ERSK,IHEDIB,I HE TO A,

IHt^sn,IHEJXSIHEOSD,[HEVPF,IHEDfjr,IHEVSD,[ HE V F C f

IHEA8N,I HERE 0,

MISE r

A i

PI A S S F M ,

R

P T W R D A T A ,

LAY A 1

R T PAP V K n

,

L A v A 1

p T S m L T R , NP T R D C P D , A

P T 1 I M I T ,

PT DEVDTA,LAY A 2

RT LEVEL,Dp T R E iV A C T ,

P T T R A N , P

LAY A 1

RT HGPRNTLAY A 1

PT LOAnEDLAY A 1

RT LINK, FNLAY A 1

PT PLATAC,LAY SORJFCPT OBJECT,R T MD A T ELAY *D»IMP(

RT SMQUMP,Y MAINAPSS

IhECSMIHFIOX, IHE [OP, THEDID, IHE^OPTHEDOA, IHETOBTHEOCLTrlFb^F

THEOST, IHERSTIHFD^A, IHEVFRIHEVFDf IHEVFA,IHEVPD,IHEVPBr IHFVSCIHEVFEr IHEOCN, IHEUPBI HE V P E , IHEVPG,IHFVQ8,IHEVQCIHEIOD/ IHEIOF, IHEPRT, IHEVQA, IHESPRTI HE E R R , I h E S 1

7

E /J T M R , R E W 72, DSKOUT,CARDIN,DISKIN,ERPRT,PRIADDPRTCOM r PPIMOP,WRTTEX,REFTIT,PREF,ERTTT

p v r <a j i.,\

R* T - v, 51° F

c '

!

, TP AGEBNP-" T , \RTHFP, TRACE, HGR AM, HGR AMI, HGRAMSACTIVE, STMTI M

ACT,TIME, I Ml , RAND, DE A DT, DEBUG

M A T u I ,n 4 A I n a , d M a I u n

, p I I n

DMA , DMA T M , P I^i , R [0T M ,R [0 I^T , I MOLY , DMA INT

!JTACT,PAMDOM

T c * r,si LH

IOPACKT (REGION)T.MlT,LT8,RrA! PH,RCHEX,RCINT

R E G 1 N )

PAGE

^XECPRTNT noLH 1 OD

P G M = I E d C P Y

SYSOUT=fii; T S P = 5 n P , ' ) r i IT = 2M 4 , V Q L = S E D = S F n Q |_ i ,

DSM = S072<».ATAC.ONEUT2 DD DTSP=f NE ¥,PASS) ,UNIT = *$330, VOL=SER=D I S* 02 ,

DSISI3S0729.ATAC.TWO,

h9

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// S p ACE=( 1 30iO, (61 ,0, 1 a) ,RLSE)

,

// DC8=(RECFM=U,3LKSIZE=130 30) ,

/ / ,LA8Ft_ = RFTPD = 360//SYSUT3 DD UNIT=SYSDA,SPACE=(TRK, (20,5))//SYSUT4 DD UNIT=SrSDA,SPACE=(TPK, (20,5)

)

/ / S Y S I

N

D *

COPY OUTCD=SYSUT2, INDD = SYSU'I 1

B • This oro'ir^Ti ccnvert-s tho I -* m - 5 6 absolute dec*- into

correct format f o r t n » - T A C .

1131 n (aroc/ * a ro v ^

inf a nc *

c h ^ r * an v [1?

(reai 5t-o» crct rr l ^ t" e x , index;

i n t s t c h r :

i n t t'cry [ 7 i 1 ;

struct b u f f r

( i nt f 1 aes

;

i n t nle'r;char * n e x f o ;

c^ar *ouf *s [5121 ?

)• bu f i n , bu f O t , *ont rl f *ontr?;stch r = Q?0 ;

i f fa roc ! = 3)

(onntf ( " C a 1 1 i n q arouments ^ r e incOTPCt'S") !

e v i t ( ) ;

)

Dufin.fljes = cnen farov HI, )

;

if (bu fin. fides < )

( o r i n t * ("Cannot onen % s * M, arav [ t ] ) #

exit ( )

;

}

on t r 1 = *.bufi°. fides;bufot. fides = creat (arav [ 2 ] , 0777);if fcufnt .f Idas < U

)

(printf f'Tannot onen %s#", arov [?] ) ;

exit ( o )

;

>

on t r 2 = ibufot.fMes?put C ( S t- c h r , nntr^);w^ile (crctr >= s ?

, index <= 7?)t^Dry (innext-t-l - (crctr = cote (nntrl));

index = - 7;

j n o e x = Or

* h i 1 e (index < U % <,j n d e x < in^pxl

70

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outc (t^orv [jndex++], pntP?)»j n d e x = jnriPx + 2 J

while (crctr > - )

(while (index < index)(if ( t^ory Li ndex J ~- ' a '

)

j n de x + + 7

elserutc (fipry [ j n d e x + + ] , ontr?)!

}

index = J

w n i 1 e (rrrtr >= & ' index <- 7 2)trory l i n d e x + + J = (crctr = oetc ( c n t r 1 ) ) ;

index = - "5i

j n a e x = o •

C s t c h r r nntr?)Js h (on t p2 )

;

e (bu * i n . f 1 ces )

J

e (bufot. flees);

1

outcf f 1 u

c 1 OSc 1 o s

C. The following c r oa r j? m »xe r u ,'?s the n r o a r a ™ above and

converts tfi<> out" cut into rho correct cede.

at ac M $2i f 1 - r S2 1»xi t

m v $c t«»-rTip2

t rii * 1 II II

r a *ii

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t rM A *' II ii

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t Pii 0* II ii

f 5 1* n

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< t e ti n 2 >te pno!

t Pii b * II ii

ro 13* ii < f o rnp 1 >tei"p?

t Pii

c * II ii

r o 5 a * it < f e fro

2

>f aTDlt p

ti .d*' II Mr o i s * ii < t enp 1 > f e^c?

t PH o * II 11

r o 1 1> + ii

< t erp2 > t- e ti o 1

t r"

f *II II [057* it

< t orrir 1 >*2p f« te>mp 1 t e -ID?

71

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APPENDIX F

ATAC PKDbRAM

The following proarams are 1 1 s t i n a s of the Main Svstem

ana Receiver Control proqrams for the MAC. The assembly

language is to the rioht of the absolute listing of tne

first three columns.

72

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1. Applied Technolony Airborne Computer, v. 1, Principlesof Operation , 1 1 e < Co ro . , 1 9 7 4 .

£. . Applied Technology Airnorne Computer / v . 7 , Input/UutoutOescr ipti o n , 1 1 e < Corp., 1974.

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Assembler/Loader, Itek Corp., 1Q / 4 .

4 . instruction ^arual for Aj-ftb^b HF Receiver , W aUinsJohnson Co., 197b.

5. Posenberger, \J . K., Signal kouisi t ion cjng pemolineusing a Microprocessor , M.S. Thesis, LJniteo states ''dvsl

Postgraduate School* 1977.

124

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INITIAL DISTRIBUTION LIST

No. L o p i e s

1. Defense uocu mentation CenterCameron StationAlexandria/ Virginia ^ ? 3 1 4

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Naval Postgraduate SchoolMonterey, California 9 394U

3. Professor D. F. *irk, Coae 62K i

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department of electrical EngineeringNaval Postgraduate SchoolM o n t e r e v , California 9 3 9 4

Associate Professor b f e p n e n Jaureaui > jrCode 6 d J a

Deoartment cf Electrical EnomeerinaNaval Postgraduate S c h o o 1

M o n t e r e v , California 9 3^40

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L T • William Ulenn berries, USN2593 Lioton RoadColumbus, Ohio 43227

rtaffins Jchrson Company700 Quince Orchard RoaaGaitnesourq, ^arylano 2 u 7 o

ATTN: Koy Scherer

Aoplied Technologyb45 Alamanor AvenueSunnyvale, CaliforniaATTN: Ira Spec tor

9 '4 d 6

125

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8. Commander Naval Electronics Systems CommandPME-107Washington, u.C. 2 3 6 U

ATTN: Mr. R. LeSaoeCapt. W • FlowersMr. P . Lowell

9. Commander Naval Security Group CommandG-d?3801 Nebraska AvenueWashington, D • C . £ 3 q

AT1N: CDR. Shoemaker

10. catkins Jorinson Company3 3 3 3 Hi 1 | vipw AvenuePalo Alto* California ^4304ATTN: Mr. i . H a r o e r

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Thesis 169303B7148 Borriesc.l An interactive com-

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