1992 INCINERATION CONFERENCE

Thermal Treatment of Radioactive, Hazardous Chemical, Mixed and Medical Wastes

Proceedings of the1992 Incineration ConferenceAlbuquerque, New Mexico

May 11-15,1992

Charlotte BakerConference Coordinator

University of California, Irvine

Earl McDardelTechnical Program Chairman

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

Jim TripodesOversight Chairman

University of California, Irvine

M.E. WacksEditor

University of Arizona

Sponsored by

University of California, Irvine (UCI)And:

American Insitute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE)Air & W/M Association (formerly APCA)

American Nuclear Society (ANS)American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)

Coalition for Responsible Waste Incineration (CRWI)Health Physics Society (HPS)

US. Department of Energy (DOE) "Sf£?, £ a n n o v e r 89

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 111 111 |

TOC

TABLE OF CONTENTS

LUNCHEON SPEAKER

Incineration Research, Processes, and Hearings, or the Good, the Bad, and the Ugly 1Jost O.L. Wendt, University of Arizona

COMMUNITY OUTREACH: COMMUNICATION-Chair: R. Kagel, Dow Chemical

Effective Risk Communication 7Kathryn E. Kelly, Environmental Toxicology International, Inc.

Reaching Agreement Among Parties in Disputes Over Incineration 15Jennifer Nash, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Hazardous Waste Incineration Managed By and For People 19R.E. Bastion and G.D. Smith, Eastman Kodak Company

COMMUNITY OUTREACH: WHAT WORKS?--Chair: R. Kagel, Dow Chemical

Opposition to Incinerators in New Mexico: Impacts on Regulatory Policies 25Edith Pierpont, League of Women Voters of New Mexico

Public Consultation in the Siting of Hazardous Waste Management Facilities, A Case Study:Ontario, Canada 29BrendaJ. Sakauye, Ontario Waste Management Corporation

How Dow Has Obtained Community Support for a Second Incinerator: A Case Study 35Jerry Ring, The Dow Chemical Company

MONTTORING-Chair: N. Bergan, Sandia National Laboratory; CoChair: R.H. Chang, ITRI

Development of a High Temperature Gas Sampling Apparatus for the Qualification of the Flue Gases of aNuclear Waste Incinerator Plant 39Annie Trigoures, Patrick Burghoffer, and Jacques Vendel, IPSN/CEA

Comparison of Passive-Remote and Conventional Fourier Transform Infrared Systems for ContinuouslyMonitoring Incinerator Emissions 43Jack C. Demirgian and Cheryl L. Hammer, Argonne National Laboratory; Robert T. Kroutil, U.S. ArmyChemical Research, Development, and Engineering Center

Continuous Emissions Monitoring of Mixed Waste Incinerators 51D.S. Moore, G.E. Bentley, MJ.S. Grain, HA. Fry, DJ. Funk, P.H. Hemberger, R. Oldenborg, BA. Palmer,G.P. Quigley, and B.I. Swanson, Los Alamos National Laboratory

Emission Control of a Radioactive Waste Incineration Plant 55R. Becker and G. Steinhaus, Kemforschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH

UTILIZATION/RECOVERY-Chair: M. E. Wacks, University of Arizona

Waste Utilization/Recovery by Preheating Ferrous Scrap 59TJ. SchultzandJ.K. Shah, Surface Combustion, Inc.

Poultry litter as a Fuel in the UK - A Review 63S.P. DagnaU, ETSU

Energy Recovery Boiler Technology in Hazardous Waste Incinerators 71S. G. DeCicco and I. Acharya, IT Technology

Utilization of Waste Ferrous Sulphate 81Marek Kotowski and Lucjan Pawlowski, Technical University of Lublin

AIR POLLUTION CONTROL A«Chair: J. Brady, Andersen 2000;CoChair: L. Larrinaga, AWD

Operating Experience with the Ionizing Wet Scrubber on Hazwaste Incinerators 87Stanton V. Sheppard, Ceikote/Air Pollution Control

The Application of GORE-TEX® Membrane Filter Bags at a Tire-to-Energy Facility 93Glenn A. Brinckman, Richard E. Gill II, and Michael B. Hrycak, W.L. Gore & Associates, Inc.

Trial Burns: A Case for On-Site Analytical Techniques 99Sean O'Brien, Alliance Technologies

AIR POLLUTION CONTROL B-Chair: J. Brady, Andersen 2000;CoChair: J.H. Kim, KAERI

Prefiltration of Incineration Gaseous Wastes by Granular Bed Filter 103/. Vendel and A. Briand, IPSNICEA;M. Girod, CEA/SACLAY

How Can Incineration Processes Meet the Stringent European Requirements for NOx Emissions? 109KJ. Whiting, T-Thermal (Europe) Ltd.;J.M. Pardell, TRI-MER Corporation

Some Characteristics of SiC Filter Media for the Filtration of Hot Off-Gas 115Joon-HyungKim, Sung Pool Yim, Yong-ChU Seo, Byung-Gil Ahn, and Hun-Hwee Park, Korea AtomicEnergy Research Institute

Fluidized Bed Incineration of Hazardous Chemicals and Waste Solids with Simultaneous Controlof Air Pollutants 121Pasupati (Pas) Sadhukhan and Mike Bradford, Jacobs Engineering Group Inc.

An Innovative System for the Emission Control of Heavy Metals and Dioxin 129Peter Schoner, Von Roll GmbH

Use of High-Surface-Area-Hydrate-Additive in a Two Stage Process 133BemdMorun, Rheinische Kalksteinwerke GmbH; Florian Schwarzkopf, Consultant

Case Study in Achieving a Paniculate Emission Level of 0.08 Gr/Dscf@ 7% O2 141Albert J. Lalik, Burroughs Wellcome Co.

INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES-Chair: W. McCulla, LANL;CoChair: R. Rutberg, Chem-SecurityVitrification of Asbestos with a Process Using a Plasma Torch 147

Jean Guenard, Electricite de France

Molten Salt Oxidation as an Alternative to Incineration 151Leonard W. Gray, Martyn G. Adamson, John F. Cooper, Joseph C. Farmer, and Ravindra S. Upadhye,Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

Aqueous Phase Oxidation Techniques as an Alternative to Incineration 157Leonard W. Gray, Martyn G. Adamson, Robert G. Hickman, Joseph C. Farmer, Zoher Chiba,David W. Gregg, and Francis T. Wang, Lawrence Livermore Laboratory

The Electrochemical Destruction of Waste Reprocessing Solvent and Ion Exchange Resins 167D.F. Steele, J.P. Wilks, and W. Batey, AEA Technology Dounreay

Decomposition of Organic Compounds in a Silent Discharge Plasma 175W.C. Neefy, EJ. Clothiaux, CA. Gross, and E.I. Newhouse, Auburn University

Nonthermal Plasma Alternative to the Incineration of Hazardous Organic Wastes 179LA. Rosocha, W.H. McCulla, G.K Anderson, JJ. Coogan, M. Kong, RA. Tennant, andPJ. Wantuck,University of California

Design and Testing of a Solar/Thermal Reactor to Destroy Hazardous Organic Compounds 187C. Ed Ball and David Randall, Midwest Research Institute; George Huffman and C.C. Lee, US. EnvironmentalProtection Agency

DESIGN & START-UP-Chair: D. Dalton, SAIC; CoChair: H. Ramm, HIM

Incinerator Emergency Safety Vents 191ASME Research Committee

A Novel Method of Reducing Transient Emissions from Rotary Kim Incinerators Through ModifiedWaste Packaging 195Paul M. Lemieux and William P. Linak, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Jost O.L. Wendt,

University of Arizona

Design and Construction of a Radwaste Incineration Facility: A French-Spanish Technical CooperationProject 199Serge Carpentier, SGN; Pablo Zuloaga, ENRESA

Warning! Siting a Hazardous Waste Incinerator in New Jersey May Be More Than You Think It Is 205

Jay Bizarro, ISP Environmental Services Inc.

Incineration of Dioxin Contaminated Wastes: Design and Start-Up of a Transportable Incinerator 211Robert P. Apa, Morrison Knudsen Corporation

Solid Waste Incineration: Problems Ahead, Proceed with Caution (One Year's Experience from aPharmaceutical Manufacturing Company) 217Sarah R. Alston, Burroughs Wellcome Co.

Engineering Improvements on the ThermalKEM South Carolina Hazardous Waste Incineration Facility:A Case History 223Rich Madden, ThermalKEM; John Balchan, ENSR Consulting & Engineering

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The Texas Kiln Success Story: Four Decades of Experience 227David A. Van Wyk, Sr. and Bobby Weaver, AWD Technologies, Inc.; Jeff Stultz, Dow Chemical Company;Jim Newell and Ken Otto, Dow Engineering Company

RISK-Chair: R. Wegeng, Battelle PNL

Levelized Cost-Risk Reduction Prioritization of Waste Disposal Options 231Vance K. Wilkinson and Joan M. Young, Oak Ridge National Laboratory

Hazardous Waste Incinerator Stack Emission Risks—An Engineer's Perspective 237/. Michael Osborne, 3M; Steve Schliesser, MRI

Communicating Risk to the Public: It's More Than'All Talk' 245Joyce Feldman, Foster Wheeler Enviresponse, Inc.

The Increasing Importance of Risk in Environmental Decision-Making 249John A. Jaksch and CharletteA. Geffen, Pacific Northwest Laboratory

Risk Assessment, Metals Emissions and the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 255Morris Trichon and Robert Chang, Research-Cottrell Environmental Services & Technologies

BEHAVIOR OF ORGANICS & NON-METALLIC INORGANICS IN THERMALTREATMENT SYSTEMS-Chair: K. Bruce, Acurex; CoChair: K. Whiting, T-Thermal

Development of a Laboratory Method for Estimation of Hydrogen Chloride Emission Potential ofIncinerator Feed Materials 261Larry D. Johnson, Robert G. Fuerst, Thomas J. Logan andM. Rodney Midgett, U.S. Environmental ProtectionAgency; MaxR. Peterson, John Albritton, andRKM. Jayanty, Research Triangle Institute

Research on Hazardous Waste Incineration in France: Present Acts-Future Trends 267Elisabeth Poncelet, French Environment and Energy Control Agency

Evaluation of POHCs for Chemical Demilitarization 273P. Gilford, G. Hinshaw, G. Jungclaus, andM. Whitacre, Midwest Research Institute; C. Massimino, andYJ. Kim, Environmental Protection Agency

Further Development of the KfK System for Radioactive Waste Incineration 281F. Dirks, W. Hempehnann, and W. Pfeifer, Kemforschungszentrum Karlsruhe

Catalytic Destruction of Chlorinated Organics Including PCDD's/PCDFs in Flue Gas From WasteIncinerators 287I.M. FreideU Allied-Signal Industrial Catalysts

Vapor Extraction and Catalytic Oxidation of Chlorinated VOCs 291FA.M. Buck, King, Buck & Associates Inc.; C.W. Hauck, Hauck Technical

On-Line Emissions Monitoring of Chlorobenzene Incineration Using Fourier Transform Infrared

Spectroscopy 2 9 5Zhuoxiong Mao, Michael J. Mclntosh, and Jack C. Demirgian, Argonne National Laboratory

RADIOACTIVE WASTE INCINERATION-Chair: R. Koenig, Merlin;CoChair: W. Hempelmann, KFK Karlsruhe

Incineration Process for Plutonium-Contaminated Waste 303JJ. Vincent, T. Longuet, R. Corner, andL. Chaudon, CEA

The Incinerator Project of the Valduc Nuclear Research Center 307J.P. Durec, Ussi;J. Lannaud, CEA

Incineration of Spent Ion Exchange Resins in Combination with Fluidized Bed and Catalyst 311Taneaki Yahata, Shinji Kihara, Masaru Hirata, and Masayoshi Abe, Oarai ResearchEstablishment

Operation Experience with the Swiss Incineration Plant for Low Level Radioactive Waste 317Peter Leister, Colenco Power Consulting Ltd.; Wolfgang Zehnder, Paul Scherrer Institute; Hartmut Ramm,Hess Industrial Waste Management Ltd.

Demonstration Plant and Test of an Incinerating Melter System for Radioactive Wastes 323H. Miyao, K. Tanimoto, andM. Miyazaki, Power Reactor and Nuclear Fuel Development Corporation;H. Wakui, K. Oasada, andF. Ishikawa, CHTYODA Corporation

Incineration of Mixtures of Dry Active Wastes Containing More than 2 wt% Chlorine 327G. Sandrelli and G. Agrati, ENEL/DSR; S. Terrani, Polytechnic ofMilano; M. Pandolfi, SINCOS Ltd.

A Commercial Use of a Simplified Combustible Radioactive Waste Incineration System 333Shunjilnoue andKojuro Yamamoto, NGK Insulators, Ltd.; Hiroshi Kai, Nuclear Fuel Industries, Ltd.

SITE REMEDIATION/TRANSPORTABLE INCINERATORS-Chair: C. Massimino, U.S. EPA/REGION 10; CoChair: K. Smith, IT

Site Remediation Soils Handling, Incineration and Site Closeout Challenges and Solutions 339Derrell T. Young and Jeffrey C. Dasch, Ogden Waste Treatment Services, Inc.; James A. Ives,ARCOAlaska, Inc.

Pilot-Scale Incineration of PCB-Contaminated Sediments from the Hot Spot of the New BedfordHarbor Superfund Site 345L.R. Watertand and W.E. Whitworth, Acurex Environmental Corporation; M.K Richards, U.S. EnvironmentalProtection Agency

Case Study in Transportable Incineration Technology Applied to Chemical Warfare Agents 353

Robert J. Rutberg, Chem-Security Ltd.

Site Test Results with the PCF-6 357Rob Haun and Richard Eschenbach, Retech, Inc.; Dan Battleson and Corry Alsberg, MSE, Inc.;Trevor Jackson, SAIC

Design and Operating Features of the Ecotechniek Thermal Treatment System 365Robert D. D'Olier and Alan P. Gradet, HALLIBURTON NUS; E.H. DeBoer, Ecotechniek

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Vapor Phase Thermal Oxidation for Site Remediation 371Gregory A. Vogel and George G. Anderson, The Mitre Corporation; Dennis Lundquist, U.S. Air ForceCenter for Environmental Excellence

Co-Firing Coal and Former Manufactured Gas Plant Waste-Contaminated Soil 375Marshall Claxton and Joseph Nelson, B&V Waste Science and Technology Corp.; James Schiltz, IowaElectric Light and Power Company

Trial Burn Requirements for Hazardous Waste Incineration Projects 379John Gilbert, United States Environmental Protection Agency; Paul Meeter, Roy F. Weston, Inc.; Daniel Crouse,Response Engineering and Analytical Contract

MEDICAL WASTE INCINERATION EMISSIONS-Chair: K. Durkee, U.S. EPA/OAQPS;CoChair: J. Eddinger, U.S. EPA/OAQPS

Fate of Tritium, Carbon14, and Iodine131 in Wet Scrubber Air Pollution Control Systems on Chemicaland Medical Waste Incinerators 395Jack D. Brady, Andersen 2000 Inc.

Biomedical Waste Treatment in the Federal Republic of Germany 405G. Steinhaus, Kemforschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH

Investigation into the Discrepancy Between MWI and MWC CDD/CDF Emissions 409W.S. Lanierand T.R. von Alien, Energy and Environmental Research Corporation

Controlling Emissions from Medical Waste Incinerators 419Michael G. Dennis andAriene R. Borowsky, ENSR

Design, Installation and Start-Up of a Rotary Kiln Hospital Waste Incineration System with Heat Recoveryand SDA/FFAPC System 425Gordon F. Blizard, Jr. and Robert J. Tidona, ThermAll, Inc.

Destruction of Medical Waste Using Plasma Energy 431Martin D. Springer and William C. Bums, Mason & Hanger National, Inc.

TCO-Firing of Coal and Hospital Waste Proof-of-Concept Demonstration 435E. James Coulthard and Jacob Korenberg, DONLEE Technologies Inc.; Gary A. NeVdn, United StatesDepartment of Energy

Certification of Medical Waste Incinerator Operators and Operator Supervisors 443Kenneth R. Durkee and Jeffrey A. Telander, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Status of EPA Regulatory Development Program for Medical Waste Incinerators-Results of Emission

Test Program **!Kenneth R. Durkee and James A. Eddinger, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Assessment of the Effects of Incinerator Operating Parameters on Emissions from MWI's 457

Dennis D. Wallace, Midwest Research Institute

Medical Center Incineration: A Case History 467George D. Martin and David W. Tyler, University of Michigan Hospitals

Hospital Waste Incinerator Operations: Challenges and Opportunities 473EricJ. Buzzell, Borgess Medical Center

Comparison of Costs for Alternatives to Onsite Incineration of Medical Waste 477Suzanne D. Shoraka, Midwest Research Institute; Kenneth R. Durkee and James A. Eddinger,U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Emissions Assessments from Incineration of Large Volume Parenteral Plastic Containers 483G.R. Hassel, R.G. Rizeq, and T.P. McGrath, Energy and Environmental Research Corporation

PHYSIOCHEMICAL NATURE OF INCINERATOR RESIDUES & DISPOSALOPTIONS-Chair: B. Diel, Chemical Waste Management;

CoChair: P. Kalb, Brookhaven National Laboratory

Washington State's Experience in Regulation Development, Adoption, and Implementation of theSpecial Incinerator Ash Regulation, Chapter 173-306 WAC 489Ali M. Road and James C. Knudson, Department of Ecology

The Nature of Elements in Incineration Residues and Their Stabilized Products 495T. Taylor Eighmy, David Domingo, Dominque Stampfli, and James R. Krzanowski, University of NewHampshire; Dykstra Eusden, Bates College

Modeling the Leaching of Metals from Hazardous Waste Incineration Ash 501D. Dzombak, Carnegie Mellon University; F. Morel, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; J. Mundt,E. Hirschberg, and G. Huff, Amoco Oil Company

Immobilization of Ash by Microwave Heating 507Kazuki Morita, Vinh Q. Nguyen, Ron Nakaoka, and John D. Mackenzie, University of California Los Angeles

An Optimized Disposal and Reuse Characterization for Thermal Waste Treatment Residues 513

Wolfgang Baum, William F. Sutton, and Thomas E. Weyand, Pittsburgh Mineral & Environmental

Technology, Inc.

Optimization of Stabilization System Design 519Barry N. Beck and Michael L. Duke, DRE Technologies, Inc.

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY PROGRAMS-Chair: J. Orban, U.S. DOE;CoChair: J. McFee, IT Corporation

Potential Need for Modification ofTRU Waste Destined for Disposal at the WIPP 527

Matthew Silva, New Mexico Environmental Evaluation Group

Radioactive Mixed Waste Incineration at the U.S. Department of Energy 531Pete Siebach and Bryan Westich, U.S. Department of Energy; Alex Murray, Science Applications

International Corporation

DOE Mixed Wastes: What Are They and Where Can Thermal Technologies be Applied? 541Wayne A. Ross, Pacific Northwest Laboratory; Leon C. Borduin, Los Alamos National Laboratory;Burdon C. Musgrave, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

Mixed Waste Incineration at the Rocky Flats Plant 551Reginald W. Tyler, U.S. DOE; David C. Moody, Los Alamos Technology Office at Rocky Flats;PaulM. Williams, EG&G, Rocky Flats

Hanford's RMW Thermal Treatment Initiative 555B.G. Place andJ.G. Riddelle, Westinghouse Hanford Company

Recent Advances in In Situ Vitrification 559William F. Banner and Ja-KaelLuey, Pacific Northwest Laboratory

THERMAL DESORPTION OF PETROLEUM CONTAMINATED SOILS &SLUDGES-Chair: J. Cudahy, Focus Environmental; CoChair: H. Molleron, Clean Earth

Petroleum Contaminated Soils and Sludges—Markets, Permitting and Thermal Desorption Technologies 563James J. Cudahy, William L. Troxler, and Richard P. Zink, Focus Environmental, Inc.; James J. Yezzi, U.S.Environmental Protection Agency; Seymour I. Rosenthal, Foster Wheeler Enviresponse

Comparing Thermal Counter Flow and Parallel Flow Soil Remediation Processes 571Everett Harwood, Thermotech Systems Corporation

Trends and History of the Ex-Situ/Low Temperature Hydrocarbon Contaminated Soils TreatmentIndustry 577Scott Briel and George L. Chedsey, Soil Remediation Company

Emissions Testing of Systems for the Treatment of Petroleum Contaminated Soils and Sludges 581Meryl R. Jackson and Charles A. Petrishe, TheAlmega Corporation

RE •SOIL-A Fixed Thermal Treatment Unit for Petroleum Contaminated Soils 587John B. Anthony and Stephen A. Warren, Clean Berkshires, Inc.

Thermal Desorption Utilizing Hollow-Screw Technology 589William J. Sheehan, Separation and Recovery Systems, Inc.

BEHAVIOR OF METALS IN THERMAL TREATMENT SYSTEMS-Chair: W.R. Seeker, EERC; CoChair: W. Clark, EERCFate of Metallic Constituents During Incineration 595Praam Biswas, Wen Yinn Lin, and Chang Yu Wu, University of Cincinnati

Analysis of Chromium Volatility in the DWTF Incinerator and in the Molten Salt Processor 599

BartleyB. Ebbinghaus, University of California

Laboratory Measurements of Metal Adsorption from Simulated Incinerator Flue Gases: Sorbent

Selection for Cesium Capture 6 0 5

S.M. Crosley and RJ. KedL Oak Ridge National Laboratory

Metals Emissions from Hazardous Waste Incinerators 611Joseph J. Santoleri, Four Nines, Inc.

Verification of Continuous Monitoring of Metal Emissions 619/. Michael Osborne, 3M; Steve Schliesser, MRI

Analysis of Toxic Metals Emissions from Waste Combustion Devices 625R. George Rizeq, Wyman Clark, and W. Randall Seeker, Energy and Environmental ResearchCorporation

MATERIALS-Chair: M. Trichon, Research Cottrell

A Study of the Effects of Alkali Attack on Refractories Used in Incineration 631Kelvin McAlister and Edward Wolfe, Harbison-Walker Refractories

Recent Alloy Additions Improve the High Temperature Properties of Austenitic Stainless Steels 639James J. Skarda and James E. Homer, Rolled Alloys

Corrosion Studies and Recommendation of Alloys for an Incinerator of Glove-Boxes Wastes 645F. Devisme andM.H. Gamier, CEA

A Report on Novel Materials of Construction After More Than A Year of Operation of a Hot Gas Filter 651

James F. Zievers, Industrial Filter & Pump Mfg. Co.

A Review of Alternate Container Materials for TRU Waste: An Expert Panel Evaluation 657

Sayan Chakraborti and Mark Abashian, IT Corporation; J. Carlos Lopez, Westinghouse ElectricCorporation-WID; Ravi Batra, U.S. Department of Energy-WPSO

Alloy Selection for Waste Incineration Facilities 663G. Sorell, G. Sorell Consulting Services

MIXED WASTES INCINERATION-Chair: R. Gillins, SAIC;CoChair: C. von Koch, Siemens

TSCA Incinerator Testing and Operational Experience 673TO. Rogers, R. Heller, and D. Blind, IT Corporation

Dynamic Simulation Study of the CIF Incinerator 679T. Hang Westinghouse Savannah River Company

Waste Treatment Evaluation for Aqueous Mixed Waste from Incineration 683

H. Holmes Burns, Westinghouse Savannah River Company

Tri-Cities Environmental Analysis and Treatment (Treat) Complex 689

Bill Root, Federal Environmental Services, Inc.

Closure of Building 624 Incinerator 6 9 1

M.N. Ridley, M.L. Hallisey, S. Terusaki, andM. Steverson, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

INCINERATOR OPERATIONS/PROCESS IMPROVEMENT-Chair: K. Herbert, Allied-Signal ICC; CoChair: P. Schoner, von Roll

Safety Considerations in Engineering and Design of Radioactive Waste Incineration Plants 697Alfred Chrubasik, NUKEM GmbH

Hazardous Waste Incineration Wastewater Treatment 701Roy De Gesero, AWD Technologies, Inc.; John Teringo, Dow Chemical USA; Bill Mcllhenny, Consultant

Stabilization of Incinerator Air Pollution Control Residues 707PaulR. Lear and Jesse R. Conner, Chemical Waste Management

A Survey of Slag and Slag Avoidance Techniques with Emphasis on Methods to Control MeltTemperatures 713W.R. (Bill) Schofield, John Lutzmann, and Gene Patterson, Schofield Environmental Associates

Radiation Cooling in Hazardous Waste Incinerators 719Donald L. Corwin and George LipinsH, Four Nines, Inc.

Optimization Software for Hazardous Waste Incineration 725R.R. Mitchell, E.K. McKinley, and LJ. Koos, Westinghouse Science and Technology Center;F. Murray, Aptus Environmental Services

Regulation of Incinerators in the UK and Europe 733J.P. Wilks, Winfrith Technology Centre

HAZARDOUS WASTE INCINERATION-Chair: P. Kroll, ICF Kaiser;CoChair: G. Millot, EDF

New Clean Air Act: Technical Implications for Hazardous Waste Incineration Facilities 739Azita Yazdani, Pollution Prevention International

The Impact of Rotary Kiln Atmosphere on the Performance of Hazardous Waste Incinerator-Oxidative vs.Starved-Oxygen 743Min-Da Ho, Union Carbide Industrial Gases, Inc.

Incinerator for Fluorinated Hydrocarbons 749/. Mielke, HoechstAG

High VOC Destruction with Low NOx in Adiabatic Radiant Combustors 753David F. Bartz and Frederick E. Moreno, Alzeta Corporation; S.P. Barone, Gas Research Institute

A New French Plant to Meet the EEC Emission Objectives 759

Gerard Millot, EMC Services

Firing of Non-Condensible Waste Gas Streams in Stand Alone Modular Incineration Systems 761

Roberto E. Santos and Jonathan C. Backlund, Coen Company

MIXED WASTE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT-Chair: C.S. Jackson, LLNL;CoChair: D.A Kenny, BNFL

Current DOE Initiatives in Plasma Arc Technology Development 765Ray Geimer, Science Applications International Corporation

Ausmelt Top Submerged Lancing Technology for Smelting and Detoxification of Hazardous andRadioactive Waste 771B.W. Lightfoot, KR. Robilliard, andR.W. Matusewicz, AusmeltPtyLtd.

Continued Investigations of Detox Wet Oxidation Process for Mixed Waste Volume Reduction/Recycling 779Patrick M. Dhooge, Delphi Research, Inc.

Advanced Powerful CO2 Laser-Controlled Incineration of Waste Graphite Blocks (II) 783Jean R. Costes and Nicolas Barbannaud, CEA; Philippe Caminat, Institut Miditerranien deTechnologie

State of the Art Review of Air Pollution Control Technologies for Mixed Waste Incinerators 787M. Boddy, W. Clark, W.R. Seeker, andB. Springsteen, Energy and Environmental Research Corporation

Treatment of Mixed Wastes by the Molten Salt Oxidation Process 795D. Stelman, A.E. Stewart, SJ. Yosim, andR.L. Gay, Rockwell International Corporation

METALS ROUNDTABLE-Moderator: C. Dempsey, U.S. EPA/RREL;Session Organizer: J. Feldman, Foster Wheeler Enviresponse

Metals Roundtable: Panelist Discussion Points 801Gary D. Hinshaw, Midwest Research Institute

Partitioning of Metals in Incinerators and Control of Subsequent Emissions: Key Issues for Research 803Morris Trichon, Research-Cottrell Environmental Services & Technologies

Metals Emissions from Incinerators: Current Issues 805

Larry R. Wateriand, Acurex Environmental Corporation

AUTHOR INDEX 807

ATTENDEELIST 811

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