Therapy Psychology 1107. Introduction Remember Trephining? Bloodletting? Beatings? Changed with...
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Transcript of Therapy Psychology 1107. Introduction Remember Trephining? Bloodletting? Beatings? Changed with...
![Page 1: Therapy Psychology 1107. Introduction Remember Trephining? Bloodletting? Beatings? Changed with Pinel In general there are two approaches Psychological.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032806/56649f005503460f94c16b9b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Therapy
Psychology 1107
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Introduction
Remember Trephining? Bloodletting? Beatings?
Changed with PinelIn general there are two approaches
Psychological biomedical
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Eclectic Approach
Today most people take bits and pieces form each
There are, literally, hundreds of types of ‘talking therapies’
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A wee bit of history
Psychoanalysts got it all goingDisorders come from childhood
experience and unresolved conflictsRepression etc.Bring repressed feelings to conscious
awarenessGet rid of energy directed at id-
superego conflict
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Lie back and tell me whatever comes to mind….Free associationPausesSlips
Show resistanceAnalyst interprets for you, provides
insight transferrence
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The key
The key to the whole idea is repressed memories
HmmmmmImpossible to disprove analyst’s
interpretationsAnd at 100 bucks an hour, three times a
week….
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The Humanistic approach
When we talked about personality we talked about how humanistic psychologists are interested in ‘self-actualization’
Humanistic therapy focuses on thisCare about the present and the futureCare about the conscious
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La la la la la la live for todaaay
Take responsibilityGrowth and fulfillment, not curing some
diseaseClients, not patientsHelp them reach their potential
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Mr. Rogers Neighbourhood
Carl Rogers Person’s interpretations not therapist’s No judgement Non directive Genuineness Openness Acceptance empathy
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It all sounds so nice…
Therapist must show unconditional positive regard
Echoing and restatingBasically a mirror the client can use
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Gestalt Therapy
Fritz PerlsKind of humanistic and unconsciousMake client self aware by breaking
down defensesStill emphasizes the here and now, not
the pastStill about responsibility
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Behaviour therapies
Instead of urges, actualization and all of that, what about the BEHAVIOUR?
Use of learning theoryBasically classical and operant
conditioning approaches applied
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Classical conditioning
Systematic desensitizationUse of counter conditioningWolpe’s ideas, based on Cover-Jones
Anxiety hierarchy Progressive relaxation Pairing the two
FloodingAversive counter conditioning
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Operant approaches
Modify behaviour with rewardToken economiesWhat about when they leave?Ethics?
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Cognitive Therapy
Thinking affects feelingFeeling affects thinkingWell stop blaming yourself, it is not your
faultBasically learn new thinking patterns
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Rational Emotive
EllisConfront illogical thinkingBluntSort of the anti RogersBeck’s approach for depression is a bit
differentNot as blunt
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It is not all about you
Teach clients how non depressed people think
Can ‘vaccinate’ at risk peopleCognitive and behavioural approaches
often combined into Cognitive Behaviour Therapy
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Family/Group Therapy
Hell of a lot cheaper…Support groupsFamily therapists treat the whole familyThere are many talking therapies, many
approaches, but one question lingers…..
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DOES IT WORK?
Ask the clients, they like itAsk the therapists….Oh how about SCIENCE?Eyesenk estimated that 67 percent
recover on their own!Not many studies then, many today
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Meta analysis
More improvement than chance for those in therapy
Very generalWhat type is the best?Phobias bestSchizophrenia, personality disorders,
not so much….
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Seems the therapy type is not as important as the therapistHopePerspectiveEmpathy‘pseudotherapists’ can be as good for
small problemsCultural differences between therapists
and clients
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Biomedical
Drugs!Sounds good, but we still have to worry
about the outcomesSchizophrenia, very effectiveDopamine hypothesis, pretty much
confirmed
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Antidepressants
Increase NE and 5Ht SSRI and TCA
Some block breakdown MAOI
Side effectsLi
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ECT
Now for sever depression that does not respond to drugs
RareDoes work thoughWhy?
dunno
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Surgery
Even rarerI’d rather have a bottle in front of me….SeizuresMay come back now that we are
learning more about the braim
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Prevention
PovertyStressAt risk peopleGenetic markers