Theory of Punishment Hindi Notes
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na M dk fl)ka r ¼ Theory of Punishment½ fdlh Hkh vijk/k dks lt+ k dh vko’;drk vo’; gks rh gS A og tks fdlh xyrh dks lgrk gS og Nks Vk ugha gks tkrkA ys fdu xyrh djrk gS og vius vki dks uS frd iw .kZ rk ds Lrj es a Nks Vk cukrk gS A O;fDr dks lgh dk;Z djus ds fy, lEeku fn;k tkrk gS A blh iz dkj ,d O;fDr dks mlds xyr dk;ks Z a ds fy, na M fn;k tkuk pkfg,A ,d vijk/kh tkucw >dj vkS j fdlh fo’ks "k ea ’kk ds lkFk fu;eks a vkS j dkuw uks a dk mYya ?ku djrk gS ] ftls lekt }kjk ekU;rk nh xbZ gks A dkuw u ds iz kf/kdkfj;ks a vkS j mPpkf/kdkfj;ks a }kjk ;g vis {kk dh tkrh gS fd xyrh djus okys O;fDr dks lt+ k vo’; nh tkuh pkfg,A ;gh na M dk uS frd vkS fpR; rFkk na M dk fl)ka r dgykrk gS A euq "; ,d ckS f)d iz k.kh gS A og Lora = gS rFkk vius dk;ks Z a dks pq uus ds fy, l{ke gS A og vius }kjk fd, x, dk;ks Z a ds ifj.kkeks a ds fy, ftEes nkj gS A tc O;fDr cq jkbZ vFkok xyr dk p;u djrk gS vkS j dkuw u dk mYya ?ku djrk gS ] rks mls na M fn;k tkuk pkfg,A ge fdlh vijk/kh dks ltk mls na M ns us ds mn~ ns ’; ls ugha vFkok cq jkbZ djus ls cpkus ds fy, ugha ns rs gS a cfYd ltk mls blfy, nh tkrh gS fd og vius vki es a lq /kkj yk lds vkS j vius vki dks fQj ls xyr djus ls nw j j[k lds vkS j Lo;a dks cs grj cuk lds A na M mls dkuw u dh iz fr"Bk rFkk iz kf/kdkj ds ckjs es a tkx#d cukrk gS A na M ds fl)ka r dks lq j{kkRed vFkok Hk; ls jks dus dk fl)ka r] lq /kkjkRed ;k f’k{kkRed fl)ka r rFkk iz frdkjkRed vFkok na MkRed fl)ka r es a oxhZ d`r fd;k x;k gS A 1½ lq j{kkRed vFkok Hk; ls jks dus dk fl)ka r ¼Deterent or Preventive Theory½ & bl fl)ka r ds vuq lkj na M dk mn~ ns ’; nw ljks a dks blh iz dkj dh xyrh vFkok vijk/k djus ls jks duk gks rk gSA fdlh vijk/kh dks blfy, Hkh na M fn;k tkrk gS rkfd ;g nw ljks a ds fy, ,d mnkgj.k cu lds vkS j nw ljs O;fDr ,s lk vijk/k djus ls nw j jg lds a rFkk yks xks a ds eu es a blds iz fr Hk; mRiUu gks lds A na M ds mn~ ns ’; dks U;k;/kh"k dh ?kks "k.kk ds ek/;e ls O;Dr fd;k tkrk gS fd ^^rq Egs a Hks M+ pq jkus ds fy, lt+k ugha nh tk jgh gS ] ys fdu blfy, fd vkbZ a nk Hks M+ ks a dh pks jh ugha gks lds A** ;g fl)ka r cM+ s na Mks a tS ls fd e`R;q na M dks na M ds lcls Hk;a dj vFkok va fre Lo:i ds rkS j ij iq f"V djrk gS D;ks a fd bles a Hk; rFkk lq j{kkRed iz Hkko lfEefyr gks rk gS A dks bZ O;fDr vius vki es a va fre gks rk gS A og ,d euq "; gS u fd dks bZ oLrq A mls fdlh ek/;e ds rkS j ij ;k oLrq ds rkS j ij fdlh vU; O;fDr }kjk vPNs dk;Z ds fy, vFkok nw ljks a ds ykHk ds fy, mi;ks x ugha fd;k tkuk pkfg,A fdlh euq "; dks oLrq ;k lkexz h ds :i es a Hkh mi;ks x ugha fd;k tkuk pkfg, tks nw ljks a ds ykHk ds fy, gks A fdlh O;fDr dks ds oy blfy, na M ugha fn;k tkuk pkfg, fd blls nw ljks a dks ,s lh xyrh ;k vijk/k djus ls jksdk tk lds A u gh mls fdlh mnkgj.k ds :i es a ekudj na M fn;k tkuk pkfg, rkfd nw ljs blls lh[k ys lds a A O;fDr vius vki es a ifjiw .kZ gks rk gS A ;g U;k;iw .kZ ugha gS fd dks bZ O;fDr ihM+ k lgs ] tks fd mlds Lo;a ds ykHk ds fy, u gks cfYd fdlh vU; ds Qk;ns ds fy, gks ;k tks ,s lk djus ls vius vki dks nw j j[k lds a A rFkkfi] dbZ ckj fdlh vijk/kh dks lt+ k dk fn;k tkuk Lo;a vijk/kh ij gh lq j{kkRed iz Hkko Mkyrk gS ] rkfd mls ds oy nw ljks a dh HkykbZ ds fy, lk/ku ek= ugha ekuk x;k gks A 2½ lq /kkjkRed fl)ka r ;k f’k{kkRed fl)ka r ¼Reformative or Educative Theory½ & bl fl)ka r ds vuq lkj na M ns us dk iz kFkfed mn~ ns ’; lh[k ns uk ;k f’k{kk ns uk ;k nw ljs 'kCnks a es a vijk/kh dks lq /kkjuk gks rk gS A fdlh vijk/kh dks lq /kkjus dh ea ’kk ls gh lt+ k nh tkrh gS rkfd og blls lh[k ys lds A bl fl)ka r dks vkt iw js fo’o es a viuk;k x;k gS D;ks a fd ;g lkS gknZ iw .kZ ekuoh; Hkkoukvks a ds lkFk es y [kkrk gS A bl fl)ka r es a fdlh O;fDr dks ,d oLrq ;k ek/;e ds rkS j ij mi;ks x fd;k tkuk 'kkfey ugha gks rk gS A fdlh vijk/kh dks mlds Lo;a dh HkykbZ ds fy, lt+ k nh tkrh gS u fd ds oy
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Notes on Theory of Punishment, Theory of Punishments Notes, Philosophy Notes on Theory of Punishment
Transcript of Theory of Punishment Hindi Notes
naM dk fl)kar ¼Theory of Punishment½ fdlh Hkh vijk/k dks lt+k dh vko’;drk vo’; gksrh gSA og tks fdlh xyrh dks lgrk gS og NksVk ugha gks tkrkA ysfdu xyrh djrk gS og vius vki dks uSfrd iw.kZrk ds Lrj esa NksVk cukrk gSA O;fDr dks lgh dk;Z djus ds fy, lEeku fn;k tkrk gSA blh izdkj ,d O;fDr dks mlds xyr dk;ksZa ds fy, naM fn;k tkuk pkfg,A ,d vijk/kh tkucw>dj vkSj fdlh fo’ks"k ea’kk ds lkFk fu;eksa vkSj dkuwuksa dk mYya?ku djrk gS] ftls lekt }kjk ekU;rk nh xbZ gksA dkuwu ds izkf/kdkfj;ksa vkSj mPpkf/kdkfj;ksa }kjk ;g vis{kk dh tkrh gS fd xyrh djus okys O;fDr dks lt+k vo’; nh tkuh pkfg,A ;gh naM dk uSfrd vkSfpR; rFkk naM dk fl)kar dgykrk gSA
euq"; ,d ckSf)d izk.kh gSA og Lora= gS rFkk vius dk;ksZa dks pquus ds fy, l{ke gSA og vius }kjk fd, x, dk;ksZa ds ifj.kkeksa ds fy, ftEesnkj gSA tc O;fDr cqjkbZ vFkok xyr dk p;u djrk gS vkSj dkuwu dk mYya?ku djrk gS] rks mls naM fn;k tkuk pkfg,A ge fdlh vijk/kh dks ltk mls naM nsus ds mn~ns’; ls ugha vFkok cqjkbZ djus ls cpkus ds fy, ugha nsrs gSa cfYd ltk mls blfy, nh tkrh gS fd og vius vki esa lq/kkj yk lds vkSj vius vki dks fQj ls xyr djus ls nwj j[k lds vkSj Lo;a dks csgrj cuk ldsA naM mls dkuwu dh izfr"Bk rFkk izkf/kdkj ds ckjs esa tkx#d cukrk gSA naM ds fl)kar dks lqj{kkRed vFkok Hk; ls jksdus dk fl)kar] lq/kkjkRed ;k f’k{kkRed fl)kar rFkk izfrdkjkRed vFkok naMkRed fl)kar esa oxhZd`r fd;k x;k gSA
1½ lqj{kkRed vFkok Hk; ls jksdus dk fl)kar ¼Deterent or Preventive Theory½ & bl fl)kar ds vuqlkj naM dk mn~ns’; nwljksa dks blh izdkj dh xyrh vFkok vijk/k djus ls jksduk gksrk gSA fdlh vijk/kh dks blfy, Hkh naM fn;k tkrk gS rkfd ;g nwljksa ds fy, ,d mnkgj.k cu lds vkSj nwljs O;fDr ,slk vijk/k djus ls nwj jg ldsa rFkk yksxksa ds eu esa blds izfr Hk; mRiUu gks ldsA naM ds mn~ns’; dks U;k;/kh"k dh ?kks"k.kk ds ek/;e ls O;Dr fd;k tkrk gS fd ^^rqEgsa HksM+ pqjkus ds fy, lt+k ugha nh tk jgh gS] ysfdu blfy, fd vkbZank HksM+ksa dh pksjh ugha gks ldsA** ;g fl)kar cM+s naMksa tSls fd e`R;qnaM dks naM ds lcls Hk;adj vFkok vafre Lo:i ds rkSj ij iqf"V djrk gS D;ksafd blesa Hk; rFkk lqj{kkRed izHkko lfEefyr gksrk gSA
dksbZ O;fDr vius vki esa vafre gksrk gSA og ,d euq"; gS u fd dksbZ oLrqA mls fdlh ek/;e ds rkSj ij ;k oLrq ds rkSj ij fdlh vU; O;fDr }kjk vPNs dk;Z ds fy, vFkok nwljksa ds ykHk ds fy, mi;ksx ugha fd;k tkuk pkfg,A fdlh euq"; dks oLrq ;k lkexzh ds :i esa Hkh mi;ksx ugha fd;k tkuk pkfg, tks nwljksa ds ykHk ds fy, gksA fdlh O;fDr dks dsoy blfy, naM ugha fn;k tkuk pkfg, fd blls nwljksa dks ,slh xyrh ;k vijk/k djus ls jksdk tk ldsA u gh mls fdlh mnkgj.k ds :i esa ekudj naM fn;k tkuk pkfg, rkfd nwljs blls lh[k ys ldsaA O;fDr vius vki esa ifjiw.kZ gksrk gSA ;g U;k;iw.kZ ugha gS fd dksbZ O;fDr ihM+k lgs] tks fd mlds Lo;a ds ykHk ds fy, u gks cfYd fdlh vU; ds Qk;ns ds fy, gks ;k tks ,slk djus ls vius vki dks nwj j[k ldsaA
rFkkfi] dbZ ckj fdlh vijk/kh dks lt+k dk fn;k tkuk Lo;a vijk/kh ij gh lqj{kkRed izHkko Mkyrk gS] rkfd mls dsoy nwljksa dh HkykbZ ds fy, lk/ku ek= ugha ekuk x;k gksA
2½ lq/kkjkRed fl)kar ;k f’k{kkRed fl)kar ¼Reformative or Educative Theory½ & bl fl)kar ds vuqlkj naM nsus dk izkFkfed mn~ns’; lh[k nsuk ;k f’k{kk nsuk ;k nwljs 'kCnksa esa vijk/kh dks lq/kkjuk gksrk gSA fdlh vijk/kh dks lq/kkjus dh ea’kk ls gh lt+k nh tkrh gS rkfd og blls lh[k ys ldsA bl fl)kar dks vkt iwjs fo’o esa viuk;k x;k gS D;ksafd ;g lkSgknZiw.kZ ekuoh; Hkkoukvksa ds lkFk esy [kkrk gSA bl fl)kar esa fdlh O;fDr dks ,d oLrq ;k ek/;e ds rkSj ij mi;ksx fd;k tkuk 'kkfey ugha gksrk gSA fdlh vijk/kh dks mlds Lo;a dh HkykbZ ds fy, lt+k nh tkrh gS u fd dsoy
nwljksa dh HkykbZ ds fy,A bl fl)kar dk eq[; y{; vijk/kh dks lh[k nsuk vFkok mls lq/kkjuk gksrk gSA
bl fl)kar dks vijk/k'kkL= }kjk lefFkZr fd;k x;k gS] tks izR;sd vijk/k dks O;fDr dh ,d jlk;fud izo`fRr ;k jksxfoKku ds rkSj ij ekurk gSA ;g ,d izdkj dh gYdh ekufld fodf̀r ;k ikxyiu gksrk gS tks fdlh 'kkjhfjd jlk;uksa esa fod`fr ds dkj.k gksrk gSA blfy, blds varxZr ;g ekuk x;k gS fd vijk/kh dks naM nsus ds ctk, mldk bZykt fd;k tkuk pkfg,A mUgsa vLirkyksa esa j[kk tkuk pkfg, vkSj okafNr lq/kkjkRed mipkj iznku fd;k tkuk pkfg,A vr% vijk/k foKku ds vuqlkj vijk/k fdlh dkuwu dk tkucw> dj mYya?ku ugha gksrk gSA os dsoy ekufld fodf̀r ds ifj.kke gksrs gSaA bu fodf̀r;ksa ;k chekfj;ksa ds dkj.k O;fDr ;k vijk/kh vijk/k djus dks etcwj gks tkrs gSaA mnkgj.k ds fy, DysIVksesfu;k esa dksbZ vijk/kh dks pksjh djus ds fy, foo’k fd;k tkrk gSA naM dk mi;ksx lq/kkj vFkok vijk/k ls nwj j[kus ds fy, fd;k tkuk pkfg, vFkok bldk mi;ksx vLirkyksa esa mipkj ds :i esa fd;k tkuk pkfg,A bUgha fopkjksa ds leFkZdksa dks vijkf/kd&ekuo'kkL=h dgk tkrk gSA
;g Hkh mYys[k djuk mfpr gksxk fd izR;sd vijk/k fdlh ikxyiu dk ifj.kke ugha gksrk gS vkSj u gh gj ,d vijk/k dks ge fdlh 'kkjhfjd vFkok ekufld fod̀fr dk ifj.kke gh dg ldrs gSaA os fdlh 'kkjhfjd fod`fr ds ifj.kkeLo:i ?kfVr ugha gksrs gSa] os tkucw>dj fd, x, dkuwuksa dk mYya?ku Hkh gksrs gSaA blfy, naM dk fn;k tkuk vko’;d Hkh gksrk gSA DysIVksesfu;k esa vijk/kh dks naM ugha fn;k tkrk ysfdu mls NksM+ fn;k tkrk gSA og ,d ekufld chekjh ls xzflr gksrk gS tks fdlh 'kkjhfjd vFkok ekfld xM+cM+h ds dkj.k iSnk gksrk gSA os vijk/k tks fd tkucw>dj fd, tkrs gSa vkSj ftuesa dkuwuksa dk mYya?ku tkucw>dj gksrk gS muesa mUgsa naM vo’; fn;k tkuk pkfg,A D;ksafd os fdlh 'kkjhfjd xM+cM+h ;k ekufld fodf̀r dk ifj.kke ugha gksrs gSaA
dksbZ fnekxh ejht ;k ikxy O;fDr vius vki ls gh nwj gksrk gS vkSj mlds dk;ksZa mlds vius dk;Z ugha gksrs gSaA og vius vkRefu;a=.k dks [kks nsrk gS vkSj blfy, mls vareZu ls fu;af=r djuk pkfg,A ysfdu ge lHkh vijk/kksa dks ekufld vFkok 'kkjhfjd izo`fRr dg dj NksM+ ugha ldrsA ;fn ge ,slk djrs gSa rks ge uSfrd rFkk fof/kd fu.kZ; ds ewyHkwr fl)kar dks u"V djrs gSa tks fd xq.k rFkk voxq.k ds fl)karksa ij fufgr gksrk gSA vkSj ;g lEeku vkSj naM ds chp ds varj dks lekIr dj nsrk gSA blfy, ge lHkh vijk/kksa dks ikxyiu dg dj Vky ugha ldrs gSaA
lq/kkjkRed fl)kar dks vijk/k lekt’kkL= }kjk lefFkZr fd;k tkrk gSA ;g vijk/k dks ,d foijhr lkekftd ifjfLFkfr;ksa dk ifj.kke ekurk gSA lekt esa vijk/k lkekftd fo"kerkvksa] folaxfr;ksa rFkk Hkz"Vkpkj ds dkj.k gksrk gSA mnkgj.k ds fy, xjhch ds dkj.k gh pksjh gksrh gSA blfy, lkekftd lq/kkj o vkfFkZd n’kk dh csgrjh ds cxSj vijk/kksa dks de fd;k tkuk laHko ugha gSA vijk/k dks rHkh jksdk tk ldrk gS tc lekt dk iquxZBu fd;k tk, tgka U;k; vkSj lekurk ds vk/kkj ij O;fDr dks lEeku o thou thus dk vf/kdkj izkIr gksA
izfrdkjkRed vFkok naMkRed fl)kar ¼Retributive Theory½ &
bl fl)kar ds vuqlkj naM ,d U;k; dh gh dk;Zokgh gSA naM vius vki esa ,d ifjiw.kZ gksrk gS vkSj ;g fdlh var dk ek/;e ugha gSA naM dk izkFkfed mn~ns’; izfrdkj vFkok naMkRed dkjZokbZ djuk gksrk gSA
ys[kd% fot; dqekj jk=s] eqacbZ
¼mDr ys[k egkfo|ky;hu Nk=ksa gsrq n’kZu’kkL= fo"k; ds varxZr d{kkxr uksV~l ds :i esa rS;kj fd;k x;k gS½
