Theory of Plate Tectonics
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Transcript of Theory of Plate Tectonics
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Theory of Plate Tectonics
Plate TectonicsPlate Boundaries
Causes of Plate Tectonics
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Plate Tectonics
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What is Plate Tectonics• The Earth’s crust and upper
mantle are broken into sections called plates
• Plates move around on top of the mantle like rafts
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What is the Lithosphere?• The crust and part of the upper
mantle = lithosphere–100 km thick –Less dense than the material
below it so it “floats”
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What is the Asthenoshere?• The plastic layer below the
lithosphere = asthenosphere• The plates of the lithosphere
float on the asthenosphere
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2 Types of Plates
• Ocean plates - plates below the oceans
• Continental plates - plates below the continents
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Questions...• What is the theory of plate
tectonics?• What is the lithosphere?• What is the asthenosphere?• What is the connection between
the two?• What are the two types of plates?
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Plate Boundaries
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Divergent Boundaries• Boundary between two plates
that are moving apart or rifting
• RIFTING causes SEAFLOOR
SPREADING
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Features of Divergent Boundaries
• Mid-ocean ridges• rift valleys• fissure volcanoes
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Convergent Boundaries• Boundaries between two
plates that are colliding
• There are 3 types…
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Type 1• Ocean plate colliding with a
less dense continental plate• Subduction Zone: where the
more dense plate slides under the less dense plate
• VOLCANOES occur at subduction zones
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Andes Mountains, South America
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Type 2• Ocean plate colliding with
another ocean plate• The more dense plate slides
under the less dense plate creating a subduction zone called a TRENCH
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Aleutian Islands, Alaska
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Type 3• A continental plate colliding
with another continental plate• Have Collision Zones:
–a place where folded and thrust faulted mountains form.
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Transform Fault Boundaries• Boundary between two plates
that are sliding past each other• EARTHQUAKES along faults
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San Andreas Fault, CA
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Questions...• What are the three types of
boundaries?• What direction do plates go for
each?• Which boundary has a subduction
zone…what occurs at a subduction zone?
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Causes of Plate Tectonics
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Convection Currents• Hot magma in the Earth
moves toward the surface, cools, then sinks again.
• Creates convection currents beneath the plates that cause the plates to move.
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Questions...
• What causes plates to move?• How is a convection current
formed?