theory course - beekeeping techniques and legislation
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Transcript of theory course - beekeeping techniques and legislation
beekeeping technique andlegislation on beekeeping
Theoretische Anfängerkurse FUAL Andreas Reichart 2016 1
Where can we place the bee colony?
Skrop in Niedersachen Germany
chunk hive, hollowed-outlogs , ?
earthenware pipe Marroko
Theoretische Anfängerkurse FUAL Andreas Reichart 2015 2
Hive - back opening(Hinterbehandlungsbeute)
• You need a beehouse
• Migratory beekeeping difficult
• Hive management difficult
• You can work with the colonies while
you‘re sitting
• Good honey quality
Theoretische Anfängerkurse FUAL Andreas Reichart 2015 3
Trough hive
• Require a shelter
• Migratory beekeeping difficult
• To work at the hive by sitting is
possible
• Rarely used frames
(Freudensteiner ect.)
• Perhaps two frame dimensions
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Warrébeute
Natural honeycomb
Control of the brood frames is
difficult.
Partly with glass window, so you
can control the colony without
opening the hive.
© Ulrich SchläpferEin Bienenstand mit Warré-Bienenstöcken in der Schweiz
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Top Bar Hive
• Natural honeycomb
• Migratory beekeeping not possible
• Honey harvesting without an
extractor
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Magazine hive
• Parts of the magazine hive
The different parts are stacked
one on top of the other and
can be taken apart at any
time.
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The bottom board• The bee-tight mesh is open the
whole year which allows the flow of air and humidity. Mould in the honeycomb can be avoided this way.
• The open mesh bottom can also be useful to detect death varroa-mites, which can help to assess the effectiveness of varroa treatment.
• A gate, a wedge, a grid or a foam plastic can be used to regulate (narrow) the entrance.
drawerTheoretische Anfängerkurse FUAL Andreas Reichart 2015 8
The magazine• In the magazine you hang the
frames• Important: compliance of the
beespace!
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The coverinner cover
inner cover with bee escape
outer coverIron sheet covers
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Important accessories
queen excluderseperates brood chamber from honey supers
intermediated bottomdivide the colony for a short time and prevent the colonyfrom swarming.
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Double or single brood chamber?
• double brood chamber
• single brood chamber
broodchamber 1
broodchamber 2
broodchamber
honey super
honey super 1
honey super 2
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Differences between single and double brood chamber
Single brood chamber
Double brood chamber
Wax exchange complex easy, just but a magazine away.
Swarm management max. 10 frames must be controlled
Frames with brood in two magazine must be controlled
frames You need two frames Only one frame
distribution Semi- and professional beekeeper
Hobby beekeeper
nucleus Only frames from the brood chamber
Frames from all magazines
Queen excluder obligatory Without also possibleVarroatreatment effective problematic
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Location of the hivesImportant criteria:Avoid apiary locations in heavily shaded woods or in a damp bottom land since excess moisture and less sunshine retard the flight of the bees and encourage development of diseases.
The apiary is best situated near natural wind protection such as hills, buildings, or evergreens. Other requirements are dry ground and good air drainage.
Hold 10 meter distance to the neighbour! Theoretische Anfängerkurse FUAL Andreas Reichart 2015 14
Establish the hives 30 cm abovethe ground
Frame dimension
• In middle europe we know over 70 frames dimensions.
• Use only the frames that are commonly used in Luxembourg. DN, Zander, Dadant, Langstroth and some with Alberti frames for the hive back opening.
• For a beginner it is easier to start with the same hive and frame type, like his mentor or the members of the beekeeper association.
© Wikipedia
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Beekeeping basics
• Work correct with your bees (good beekeeping practices)
• Ban chemical aids
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Those drugs have got no to be used
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Use only the smoker! (when you need him)
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Beekeeping basicsWhat you need
• Hive tool
• Bee brush
• Smoker
• Bee veil and gloves
• Water sprayer
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Autumn management
• Get with strong colonies in winter• Feed them correct• Defeat the varroa with authorized drugs
Avoidance of arrears in wax and honey
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Spring management• Work only with strong
colonies• Unite weak colonies• Winter food has to be
removed before the cherry bloom
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Honey super
• Give the honey supper not before the colonie needs the space.
• Open the entrance wide. Good ventilation is necessary.
• Keep the colonies strong.
• Use a queen excluder. You know always where the honey is. You must
not control the frames if there is brood or not.
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Queen excluder Bee escape
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Honey super
• Arrange honey super not with brood frames.
• Use tidy frames.
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Honey super
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Honey harvesting• Control the water content at the beehive! Use a refractometer!
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Honey harvesting• Harvest only capped honey frames
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Honey quality =water content
lower water content causes:
• higher amount of enzyms
• better taste
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Extracting the honey
• You need a room which is tidy, no mould, off odours, tiling floor and tiling
walls and running water (hot and cold).
• Good hygiene practice in food processing is important.
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Honey extractor
• Extractor
• Uncapping set
• Uncapping fork
• Strainer
• Buckets
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Honey processing
• Honey tank
• Up and down creamer
• Honey creamer for
electric drill
• Honey creamer
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Beewax clarifying and desinfection
Accruing wax must be melted:
• Old brood frames
• Uncapping wax
• drone frames
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Beewax
steam wax melterSolar wax extractor
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Foundation
• Exchange by a beekeeping supplies
• Own foundation pouring mould
• Exchange your own wax by Geoges Gidt(only
for members of the FUAL)
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Cost for beginners• About 1600,- € for the initial fitting-out
• You don‘t have to buy everything in the first year.
• e.g. the honey extractor and the solar wax melter you can buy in the second year.
Cost for the fitting-outWorking equipment: Smoker ca. 50,00€
Hive tool ca. 10,00€Bee brush ca. 10,00€bee veil ca. 40,00€
Electric wax embedder ca. 60,00€
ca. 170,00€
Cost per colony: Bee hive ca.100,00 €Bee colony ca. 60,00 bis 150,00 €Queen excluder ca. 10,00 €Hive strap ca. 10,00 €
2 kg Wax foundation ca. 30,00 €20 kg Sugar ca. 10,00 €
Varroa treatment ca. 10,00 €
ca. 290,00 €
To harvest honey: Honey extractor ca. 600,00 €Uncapping set ca. 130,00 €Strainer ca. 60,00 €Plastic busket ca. 30,00 €
ca. 820,00 €
For the wax hygiene: Solar wax melter ca. 150,00 € ca. 150,00 €
purchase next year
Time you need for beekeeping
• Depends on the nummer of colonies;
• About 1h/colony/week;
• Different distrubution in the year, from April to August is the busiest time; in January, February, March, November und December beekeepers can relax;
• At the beginning everything takes longer;
• Crucial is the location of the apiary;
. Legislation on beekeepingSee also: apis.lu.
• Law on agriculture
• Registration by the verterinary office.
• Règlement grand-ducal du 7 juillet 2003 relatif au miel.
• Règlement grand-ducal du 21 juillet 2012 portant création de la Marque nationale du miel.
• Loi du 18 avril 2008 concernant le renouvellement du soutien au développement rural.
• Richtlinien für den biologischen Landbau der „Verenegung fir biologesche Landbau Letzebuerg asbl“ (bioLABEL)
• Demeter Richtlinien für Bienenhaltung und Imkereierzeugnisse im Sinne biologisch-dynamischer Wirtschaftsweise
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Eligible investments• List of eligible investments at a rate of 30%
• Farm buildings (e.g. apiary, beehive stand, beehive, centrifuge and storage space);
• Facilities for the processing of wax (e.g. wax melter, foundation press);
• Facilities for the harvest and preparation of the honey (e.g. centrifuge, uncapping tool, honey filter, honey bucket, stirrer, honey defroster, bottling tool).
• List of eligible investments at a rate of 20%
• Dehumidifier;
• Breeding facilities (e.g. mini-hive, insemination box, brood chamber, insemination device).
• Further details and application forms are available from the ASTA:
• Administration des Services techniques de l’Agriculture (ASTA)
• 16, route d’Esch B.P. 1904, L-1019 Luxemburg
• (Tel. 45 71 72-314, -315 or -327)
• The completed forms and the construction plans (applications for an apiary or a centrifuge) should be sent to the above-mentioned administration. The bills and the corresponding payment documents have to be submitted for the deduction and the payoff of the grant. The following items are not eligible for government aid: bee colonies, used beehives, foundations, protective gear, smoker, chisel.
beekeeper magazine
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local beekeeper association!
• Contact person , help by problemes
• Informationen from colleagues
• Mentors
• Exchange of information
• Exchange of queens/colonies
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Merci fir d‘Nalauschteren
Bee hives commonly used for beekeeping in Luxembourg
Trough hive Warréhive
Top Bar hive
Hive back opening
Magazine hive
Divided brood nest no no no yes z.T. yes
Brood nest controll yes yes yes yes yes
Honey harvest yes yes yes yes yes
Free location no yes yes no yes
Easy learning beekeeping
yes no no yes yes
Varroa treatment yes yes yes yes yes
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The beespace
Larve space=space filledwith comb
Small space=space sealedwith propolis
Bee space=spacerespected
Styrodur or Wood -hive?
Styrodurhive Woodhive
Wight lower higher
Amount of winterfood lower higher
Watercontent in honey lower higher
Strength of colonies same same
Varroatreatment same same
Self-building no yes
Durability of hives same same
Schwarmlust same same
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Clean frames with caustic soda
Boil them in 3% caustic sode , for about 5 min. afterwords good wateringTheoretische Anfängerkurse FUAL Andreas Reichart 2015 46