Theory Application in Nursing Process

7/29/2019 Theory Application in Nursing Process

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THEORY APPLICATION IN NURSING PROCESS

By

A. RAJA, M.Sc(N),

Associate Professor,

KMCH College of Nursing,

Coimbatore -641 014.

Introduction

The systematic accumulation of knowledge is essential to progress in

any profession.. however, theory and practice must be constantly

interaction.

Theory without practice is empty and practice without theory is blind

(Cross, 1981)

In current century many effort has been taken toward the development

of a body of knowledge to guide nursing practice.


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Development of Nursing Knowledge (Eras of Nursing knowledge)

1. Curriculum Era - 1920 -1930s

2. Research Era - 1940 -1950s

3. Graduate Education Era - 1960-1970s

4. Theory Era - 1980-1990s

What is Nursing?

Nursing is that body of knowledge development from questions

raised by nurses and invested by them. Concerning the relationship of the

human health environment (Dr. Brain Millar (Great Britain)).

Nursing as a science has both a practical and a theoretical aspect. The

aim of foster human health is the practical aspect. This is an ethical aim

because health is viewed as something good. To reach this goal research is a

necessary, and this is the theoretical aspect of nursing science which


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Nursing Theory

Theory is a creative and rigorous structuring of ideas that project and

tentative, purposeful and systematic view of phenomena (Chinn and

Kramer (1995)).

Levels of theory

1. Grand Theories - Which covers a wide range of issues.

2. Mid range theories - Which relates more to the needs and

demands of nursing practice

3. Micro level theory - Which relates only to very specific

events and circumstances.

4. Meta theory - This being theory about the process of

theory development

According to Chinn and Kramer (1999)


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BRIEF VIEW ON NURSING THEORY

1. JOHNSONS BEHAVIORAL SYSTEMS MODEL

Behavioral Subsystems

B General information

SexualDependency

Aggressive Ingestive /

Eliminative

AchievementAffiliation

Subsystems


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3. The behavioral system continually strives to maintain a steady

state by adjusting and adapting to internal and external forces

4. Each behavioral subsystem has Structural requirements (goal,

predisposition to act cope of action and behavior) and

Functional requirements (protection from harmful influences,

nurturance, and stimulation to enhance growth and prevent

stagnation)

5. To ensure growth and development, these requirements must

be met by the person alone or through outside assistance

6. Johnson identifies seven subsystems that carry out special

functions for the system as a whole

1. Affiliative subsystem

2. Dependency subsystem


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2. Continually strives to maintain a steady state by adapting and

adjusting to environmental forces that cause an imbalance;

when an imbalance, or health problem, occurs, the persons

physical, social, or psychological integrity is threatened.

3. Is an individual composed of seven open and interactive

subsystems; a disturbance in one usually affects the others

4. Is unique, possessing an individual and distinguishing set of

behaviors.

B. Environment

1. Is not specifically defined by Johnson, she refers to a persons internal

and external environment but does not explain what they are

2. Interacts with the person

C. Health


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D. Nursing

1. Views the patient as a behavioral system

2. Is an external regulatory force that acts to preserve optimal

organization and integration of a patients behavior when the patient

encounters a threat to physical or social health.

3. Is indicated only when a system becomes unstable, the goal of nursing

is to maintain or restore behavioral system balance and stability and

integrated subsystem functioning.

4. Uses outside regulatory control mechanisms, such as teaching setting

limits on behavior, and providing needed environmental resources

5. Requires a strong background in the physical and social sciences


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2. OREMS GENERAL THEORY OF NURSING

A. Self Care Theory

A. General Information1.

1.Describes and explainsSelf Care

2. Is based on the concept of Self Care, self care Agency, Self care

requisites, and therapeutic Self care demand

3. Promotes the goal of Patient self care

B. Self Care Deficit Theory

A. General information

1. Is the central focus of Orems General Theory of Nursing

2. Explains when nursing is needed

3 Describes and explains how people can be helped through nursing


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Self-Care

Self-Carecapabilitie

s (self-care

agency)

Therapeuti

c self-care

demand

Nursing

capabilities (nursingagency)

NURSE

R R

RR

Theory Application in Nursing Process

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