Theory and Practice of Ceramic Processes
Transcript of Theory and Practice of Ceramic Processes
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1 Theory and Practice of Ceramic Processes
Theory and Practice of Ceramic Processes
Sintering of Ceramic Powders
Waldemar Pyda
Scope: Sintering
Breaking-down processes
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2 Theory and Practice of Ceramic Processes
Categories of Sintering
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Selected materials
and connected
sintering processes
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SOLID-STATE SINTERING
Driving forces
Compres. Tensile
Stresses induced in the neck
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Determination of radia of curvature
21
11'
RRP
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Mechanisms of sintering
21
11'
RRP
Comp. Tens.
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Stages of sintering
Inital Intermediate Final
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Stages of sintering – a model
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Competition between densification and sintering
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Effects of grain boundaries
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Pore stability during sintering
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Sintering models
Analytical models
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Herring’s Scalling Law
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Sintering Stress
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The Stress Intensification Factor
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Normal and abnormal grain growth
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Normal Grain Growth
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Abnormal Grain Growth
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Abnormal Grain Growth
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Ostwald Ripening
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Control of Grain Growth
Solute drag
The Zener formula
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Grain Growth and Pore Evolution in Porous
Compacts
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Interaction between Pores and Grain Boundaries
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Microstructural Maps
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Microstructural Maps
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LIQUID-PHASE SINTERING
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LIQUID-PHASE SINTERING
Tens.
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Liquid-phase redistribution
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Morphology of liquid phase in the microstructure of
polycrystals
Dihedral angle dependence of liquid phase distribution
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Effects of Gravity
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Grain Boundary Films
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Effective Stress
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Role of the Wetting Angle
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Relative Amount of Liquid Phase
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Reaction Sintering
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Influence of Processing Parameters
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Sintering with etching o polycrystalline particles
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CONSTRAINED SINTERING
Disperced Inert Phases
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Supported Films
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Sintering Practice
Heating Schedules
Isothermal Sintering
Constant Heating Rate Sintering
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41 Theory and Practice of Ceramic Processes
Sintering Practice
Multi-stage Sintering
Rate-Controlled Sintering
Fast-Firing
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42 Theory and Practice of Ceramic Processes
Sintering Practice
Microwave Sintering
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Sintering Practice
Plasma-Assisted Sintering
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Pressure-Assisted Sintering
Hot pressing
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Pressure-Assisted Sintering
Sinter Forging
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Pressure-Assisted Sintering
Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIPing)
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Particle and Green Compact Characteristics
Particle size
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Particle and Green Compact Characteristics
Particle Size Distribution
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Particle and Green Compact Characteristics
Particle Shape and Particle Structure
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50 Theory and Practice of Ceramic Processes
Particle and Green Compact Characteristics
Particle Packing Differential densification
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Particle and Green Compact Characteristics
Effect of Green Density on Sintering
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CHEMISTRY CONSIDERATIONS Gases in Pores
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CHEMISTRY CONSIDERATIONS
Vapor transport
Volatilization and Decomposition
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CHEMISTRY CONSIDERATIONS
Oxidation State
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CHEMISTRY CONSIDERATIONS
Defect chemistry and Stoichiometry
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56 Theory and Practice of Ceramic Processes
Thank you for attention