Theories of Counseling: Integrative Theory PowerPoint produced by Melinda Haley, M.S., New Mexico...

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Theories of Counseling: Integrative Theory PowerPoint produced by Melinda Haley, M.S., New Mexico State University. “This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: any public performance or display, including transmission of an image over a network; preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or part, of any images; any rental, lease, or lending of the program.” “Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2004”

Transcript of Theories of Counseling: Integrative Theory PowerPoint produced by Melinda Haley, M.S., New Mexico...

Page 1: Theories of Counseling: Integrative Theory PowerPoint produced by Melinda Haley, M.S., New Mexico State University. “This multimedia product and its contents.

Theories of Counseling:Integrative Theory

PowerPoint produced by Melinda Haley, M.S., New Mexico State University.

“This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: any public performance or display, including transmission of an image over a network; preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or part, of any images; any rental, lease, or lending of the program.”

“Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2004”

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Integrative Theory

Putting It All Together

Many clinicians use three or four different theories in their practice.

Some look to common elements within all theories.

Some ascribe to technical eclecticism or integrate several theories into one.

Some believe in specific treatments for specific issues or symptoms.

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Integrative Theory

Are Some Theories Better Than Others?

Research seems to show that there is little therapeutic difference between the theories and each are about equally effective. This may be due to:

The fact that the different approaches are more similar than what we think.

Regardless of theory, most practitioners do similar things.

There are many different ways to achieve wellness.

Research measurements are not picking up the subtle differences between theories.

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Integrative Theory

Integrating Theories

It is important to know how theories are different and how they are the same.

One method of integration is to read everything you can on the theories you like best.

Another is applying them and learning through trial and error which theories work best.

A third way is to group theories together by their significant features.

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Integrative Theory

Integrating Theories

How do theories differ in relation to:

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Treatment GoalsTreatment Goals

PhilosophyPhilosophy

TechniquesTechniques TheoryTheory

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Integrative Theory

Integrating Theories

Specifics to look for:

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Action vs. Insight

Cognitive vs. Affective

Present vs. Past

Rigid vs. Flexible Roles

THEORY

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Integrative Theory

Integrating Theories

Another way to sort theories is by counselor’s role and presence:

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Ways of Being

Ways of Knowing

Ways of Intervening

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Integrative Theory

Why Integrate Theories?

Because one theory does not fit all people or all situations.

Manualizaiton of Therapy: Development of specific , empirically tested and standardized treatments for a specific diagnosis.

It enables a counselor to see each client as unique and apply theories that fit that client in regard to culture, presenting issue, and diversity.

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Integrative Theory

What Research Says: Common Factors in Therapy

Hope and Expectations: Clients have expectations that shape therapy.

Relationship: The therapeutic relationship is one of the most important elements of therapy.

Therapeutic Techniques: All therapy effects some sort of change on the client.

Outside Factors: Client variables also play a big role.

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Integrative Theory

What Clients Think Is Important In Therapy

Having a private place to talk with someone to listen.

The therapist’s personality, especially when the therapist is kind, caring, and supportive.

Being understood.

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Integrative Theory

Integrative Theory in Practice

The therapist is intentional in what he or she does. It is not a random process.

Counseling strategies are changed or adjusted to fit the client’s needs, worldview, or issues.

The therapist specifically considers cultural implications regarding methods chosen.

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Integrative Theory

Integrative Theory in Practice

One basic tenet is that clients have many of their own answers and are found within the language of the client.

The therapist looks at what the client says for clues to helping the client.

One goal of integrative therapy is to help the client find out what they really want and then help him or her achieve it.

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Integrative Theory

BASIC ID

A method that looks at major areas of human functioning:

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B = Behavior A = Affect S = Sensations I = Images C = Cognitions

I = Interpersonal Relationships D = Drugs, biological functions, nutrition and exercise

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Integrative Theory

Questions to Ask Yourself About Constructing Your Own Theory

What is your worldview?

How do you define ethical practice?

How do you define empathy?

What microskills are you skillful at and which do you need to work on?

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Integrative Theory

Questions to Ask Yourself About Constructing Your Own Theory

How do you make sense of the focusing concept?

What do you believe about research and continuing education?

What do you believe about multiculturalism?

How do you feel about spirituality?

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Integrative Theory

Questions to Ask Yourself About Constructing Your Own Theory

What theories do you like? How might you integrate these?

How has your developmental, familial or cultural history shaped who you are?

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Resources

Ivey, A. E., D’Andrea, M., Ivey, M. B. and Morgan, L. S. (2002). Theories of counseling and psychotherapy: A multicultural perspective, 5 th ed. Boston, MA.: Allyn & Bacon.

James, R. K. & Gilliland, B. E. (2003). Theories and strategies in counseling and psychotherapy, 5th ed. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.

Kottler, J. A. (2002). Theories in counseling and therapy: An experiential approach. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.

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