Themes of Geography

Location, regions, place, movement, human-environmental

interaction

Location

• Where is it?– Continent?– Country?– State?– City?– Exact coordinates (latitude & longitude)

Where is New Orleans?

Regions

• Share at least one common feature

• The world can be divided into many types of regions– Continents- Africa, Asia, Australia– Countries- Nigeria, Mali, Ghana, (West Africa)

– States- California, Oregon, Washington– Cities- Minneapolis, St. Paul– Political regions

Place

• Natural and human features that make one place different than every other place– Landforms- Grand Canyon, Mount Everest– Climate- Rain Forest, Deserts, Ice Caps– Plants- Cactus, Venus Fly Trap, Indigenous

plants

– Animals- Polar bears, lions, seals, rattle snakes

– People- Zulu warriors, Celtic Clans– Language– Culture

Movement

• How do people, goods, and ideas move from place to place?

• Silks from China

• Pizza from Italy

• Name something in America that originated in another country!

Human-Environment Interaction

• Relationships between people and the environment

• How people live, work, dress, travel, and communicate

Jacksonville, NC

• Describe Jacksonville by using each of the five themes of geography– Location– Regions– Place– Movement– Interaction

Quick write

• Use your notes to summarize what you have learned in a well written paragraph.

• 10 minutes

Location

Movements of the Earth

Page M2-M3

The Earth

• Revolves around the sun in a circular path called an orbit

• Revolution- one complete orbit around the sun is 365 ¼ days (1 year)

• Rotation- the Earth also spins on its axis and one rotation occurs in 24 hours

Hemispheres

Hemisphere Breakdown

The Seasons• Earth’s axis is tilted at an angle

• Sunlight strikes different parts of the Earth at different times in the year

Autumn

• Begins September 22or 23

• Sun is directly overhead at Equator

• Almost equal hours of sunlight and darkness

Winter

• Begins December 21

• Sun directly overhead at Tropic of Capricorn

• Northern Hemisphere is tilted away from the sun

Spring

• Begins March 20 or 21

• Sun is directly overhead at the Equator

• Almost equal hours of sunlight and darkness

Summer

• Begins June 21 or 22

• Sun is directly over the Tropic of Cancer

• Northern Hemisphere receives the greatest hours of sunlight

Critical thinking?

• So does the sun rise in the east and set in the west?– No- the sun does not actually change

positions– The Earth rotates on its axis so that different

regions face the sun at different times of the day.

Understanding Globes

Globes

• Scale model of Earth

• Shows actual shapes, sizes, locations– Landforms– Bodies of water– Elevation– Depressions

World Divisions

Parallels of Latitude

• Latitude lines are imaginary horizontal lines– Equator– Tropic of Cancer 23.5 ْ N– Tropic of Capricorn 23.5 ْ S

Equator

• Halfway between North & South Poles

• 0ْ latitude

• Divides Earth into Northern and Southern Hemispheres

• “Earth’s Belt”

Meridians of Longitude

• The globe divided along imaginary vertical lines – Prime Meridian- runs from North Pole to

South Poles (0 ْ longitude)– Divides East and West Hemispheres

Global Grids

• Latitude- North & South degrees (sides of maps)

• Longitude- East & West degrees (top and bottom of maps)

• * (1 degree latitude or longitude= ~69 miles or 111 kilometers)

Latitude/Longitude Practice

• Latitude degrees only – Example (Page 464)– Mexico City

19 ْ N

Latitude/Longitude Practice

• Longitude degrees only– Example (page 464)– Lima, Peru

76 ْ W

Try These Coordinates

Page# Location Latitude Longitude

468 Quito, Ecuador

468 Buenos Aires, Argentina

471 Raleigh, NC

471 Houston, TX

472 Madrid, Spain

472 Istanbul, Turkey

474 Cape Town, South Africa

476 Sanaa, Yemen

Answers

• Page# Location Latitude Longitude

• 468 Quito, Ecuador 1ْ S 78ْ W

• 468 Buenos Aires, Argentina 35ْ S 58ْ W

• 471 Raleigh, NC 37ْْ N 78ْ W• 471 Houston, TX 29ْ N 95ْ W• 472 Madrid, Spain 41ْ N 4ْ W• 472 Istanbul, Turkey 42ْ N 28ْ E• 474 Cape Town, South Africa 34ْ S 18ْ E• 476 Sanaa, Yemen 15ْ N 45ْ E