Theme: the World economy and Theme: the World economy and its basic signs.its basic signs.

THE PLAN:THE PLAN:1. Concept of the world economy, export of the 1. Concept of the world economy, export of the capital, the reason and the form.capital, the reason and the form.2. World trade and the world market. Migration 2. World trade and the world market. Migration of labour.of labour.3. The international currency relations, a policy, 3. The international currency relations, a policy, courses.courses.4. Economic aspects, global problems of the 4. Economic aspects, global problems of the presentpresent

1. The modern world economy - is 1. The modern world economy - is dialectic set, integrity, coherence of dialectic set, integrity, coherence of national economy of the various national economy of the various countries.countries.

Three laws have led to creation of the Three laws have led to creation of the modern world economy:modern world economy:

The world market;The world market;

The international division of labour;The international division of labour;

The international infrastructure;The international infrastructure;

The world economy has passed in the The world economy has passed in the development some historical stages:development some historical stages:домашинный;домашинный;The machine;The machine;The end XIX - the beginning of XX centuries;The end XIX - the beginning of XX centuries;The modern stage - is characterised not only The modern stage - is characterised not only integration processes in development of the integration processes in development of the world market and mezhdunarod - ном division of world market and mezhdunarod - ном division of labour, but also the new qualitative phenomenon labour, but also the new qualitative phenomenon in development of a world infrastructure (not in development of a world infrastructure (not only????? But also an information infrastructure)only????? But also an information infrastructure)

There are 2 objective laws of There are 2 objective laws of coherence and integrity of the world coherence and integrity of the world economy:economy:

Universal character of productive Universal character of productive forces;forces;

общеэкономические общеэкономические laws;laws;

On boundary XIX-XX centuries on On boundary XIX-XX centuries on change of export of the goods capital change of export of the goods capital export comes. Necessity of export of export comes. Necessity of export of the capital obus - ловлена its "surplus" the capital obus - ловлена its "surplus" in the developed states of the world.in the developed states of the world.The capital is taken out in 2 forms:The capital is taken out in 2 forms:

- The enterprise capital;- The enterprise capital;- The loan capital;- The loan capital;

Positive negative sides of the countries Positive negative sides of the countries taking out and importing the capital:taking out and importing the capital:

For taking out:For taking out:+ get profit big, than at itself;+ get profit big, than at itself;+ invest the capital in those branches which + invest the capital in those branches which cannot be developed or not favourably cannot be developed or not favourably develop in the country;develop in the country;The capital from the country flows away;The capital from the country flows away;

For the importing:For the importing:

+ new branches of manufacture + new branches of manufacture develop;develop;+ new workplaces;+ new workplaces;

- Economic dependence;- Economic dependence;

Features of export of the capital at the present Features of export of the capital at the present stage:stage:

It is taken out to the developed countries;It is taken out to the developed countries;

The state export of the capital over the private The state export of the capital over the private prevails;prevails;

Exporters of the capital change;Exporters of the capital change;

There are following principal views of integration There are following principal views of integration associations:associations:1. A zone of free trade when the countries-1. A zone of free trade when the countries-participants are limited to cancellation of traffic walls participants are limited to cancellation of traffic walls in mutual trade;in mutual trade;2. The customs union when free moving of the 2. The customs union when free moving of the goods and services in grouping supplements goods and services in grouping supplements uniform custom duties in relation to the third uniform custom duties in relation to the third countries and is created system of proportional countries and is created system of proportional distribution of customs incomes;distribution of customs incomes;

3. A common market when barriers between the 3. A common market when barriers between the countries not only in mutual trade, but also for countries not only in mutual trade, but also for moving the worker of force and the capital are moving the worker of force and the capital are liquidated; thus, the common market is a common liquidated; thus, the common market is a common market of the goods, services, capitals, labour;market of the goods, services, capitals, labour;4. The economic union including a common market 4. The economic union including a common market and carrying out of uniform economic policy, system and carrying out of uniform economic policy, system creation mezhgosudarst - венного regulations creation mezhgosudarst - венного regulations socially-ekonomiches ких the processes proceeding socially-ekonomiches ких the processes proceeding in region;in region;

5. The currency union assuming ekonomi - ческий 5. The currency union assuming ekonomi - ческий the union based on uniform bankovs - which to the union based on uniform bankovs - which to system and finally on uniform currency;system and finally on uniform currency;6. The political union.6. The political union.

World economy structure World economy structure (The present period):(The present period):

The world market of the goods and The world market of the goods and services;services;The world market of capitals;The world market of capitals;The labour world market;The labour world market;The international currency system;The international currency system;The international credit and financial The international credit and financial systemsystem

Subjects of the world economy are:Subjects of the world economy are:

The states from them is ными complexes;The states from them is ными complexes;Transnational corporations;Transnational corporations;The international organisations and The international organisations and institutes;institutes;

2. Necessity of world trade it is caused by 2. Necessity of world trade it is caused by following reasons:following reasons:

Non-uniformity of development of Non-uniformity of development of various branches of various economy;various branches of various economy;

Aspiration of businessmen to boundless Aspiration of businessmen to boundless expansion of the enterprises, to profit expansion of the enterprises, to profit

reception;reception;Possibility to catch a superfluous Possibility to catch a superfluous

additional product;additional product;Possibility to receive exclusive superprofit Possibility to receive exclusive superprofit

at the expense of a nonequivalent at the expense of a nonequivalent exchange;exchange;

The foreign trade policy - of the politician The foreign trade policy - of the politician which spends the state in the field of foreign which spends the state in the field of foreign trade.trade.

There are 4 systems of foreign trade:There are 4 systems of foreign trade:

Protectionism;Protectionism;фритидерства;фритидерства;Custom duties;Custom duties;Customs-duty;Customs-duty;

Protectionism system - introduction of Protectionism system - introduction of the high customs duties on the the high customs duties on the imported goods.imported goods.

System фритредерства – system of System фритредерства – system of import of the goods possible duty-free import of the goods possible duty-free or assessed with the insignificant dutyor assessed with the insignificant duty

System-customs the tariff-it sis - System-customs the tariff-it sis - тематизированный the list of duties with тематизированный the list of duties with which the governments assess neko - which the governments assess neko - торые the goods which are imported into торые the goods which are imported into the country or taken out from it.the country or taken out from it.

System-customs-duty-it the taxes raised by System-customs-duty-it the taxes raised by the state for transportation through border, the state for transportation through border, the country of the goods, property, values. the country of the goods, property, values.

On object of collection the customs duties happen:On object of collection the customs duties happen: The exportThe export The import The import Transit (for transit conveyance)Transit (for transit conveyance)

On a way of collection they share on:On a way of collection they share on:адвалорные (from the goods price) адвалорные (from the goods price) Specific (from weight, volume, quantity of the Specific (from weight, volume, quantity of the goods)goods)The mixedThe mixed

Migration - moving of people or the Migration - moving of people or the whole people in search of the best whole people in search of the best living conditions and work.living conditions and work.

The first migration-delivery of black The first migration-delivery of black slaves on the American continent.slaves on the American continent.The second - migration from Europe The second - migration from Europe in the countries of New light.in the countries of New light.

2 forms of migration of labour:2 forms of migration of labour:The territorial;The territorial;The professional;The professional;Has 2 parties:Has 2 parties:The positive;The positive;The negative;The negative;The basic world markets of labour:The basic world markets of labour:Oil-producing countries of the Near East;Oil-producing countries of the Near East;In countries of Western Europe;In countries of Western Europe;THE USA;THE USA;Latin America (Argentina);Latin America (Argentina);

Currency relations - set of the Currency relations - set of the economic relations arising at economic relations arising at functioning of money in the functioning of money in the international mutual relations.international mutual relations.

Currency relations arise and develop:Currency relations arise and develop:

On the basis of deepening of the On the basis of deepening of the international division of labour;international division of labour;On the basis of growth of degree of the On the basis of growth of degree of the international nationalisation of international nationalisation of manufacture;manufacture;World economy formation;World economy formation;

Subjects of currency relations are:Subjects of currency relations are:

The enterprises which are carrying out The enterprises which are carrying out foreign trade activities;foreign trade activities;Physical persons;Physical persons;Banks;Banks;The states in the name of the controls;The states in the name of the controls;

Distinguish:Distinguish:- National currency system - establishes principles - National currency system - establishes principles of the organisation and regulation of currency of the organisation and regulation of currency relations of this or that state which are fixed in its relations of this or that state which are fixed in its currency legislation;currency legislation;- The international currency system - represents the - The international currency system - represents the certain form of the organisation of the international certain form of the organisation of the international currency settlement and credit relations fixed by currency settlement and credit relations fixed by interstate arrangements;interstate arrangements;

The rate of exchange acts as the price of monetary The rate of exchange acts as the price of monetary unit of one country, expressed in monetary units of unit of one country, expressed in monetary units of other countries.other countries.Rates of exchange happen:Rates of exchange happen:Fixed - course parity of the national monetary unit Fixed - course parity of the national monetary unit rigidly established by the state with foreignrigidly established by the state with foreignFloating - when the course is formed directly during Floating - when the course is formed directly during an exchange of monetary units in the currency an exchange of monetary units in the currency market under the influence of supply and demand;market under the influence of supply and demand;

The currency policy uses 2 methods:The currency policy uses 2 methods:Currency intervention – sale or purchase of means in Currency intervention – sale or purchase of means in national currency official bodies of the country for its national currency official bodies of the country for its influence on demand or the offer in the market for the influence on demand or the offer in the market for the purpose of change of its course;purpose of change of its course;Policy of expensive money – increase of the interest Policy of expensive money – increase of the interest rate which does more attractive investments into the rate which does more attractive investments into the given country. Inflow inostranno - го the capital raises given country. Inflow inostranno - го the capital raises demand for national currency and its course raises;demand for national currency and its course raises;

4. The mankind history allocates 2 4. The mankind history allocates 2 systems of relations:systems of relations:

Relations of the person and society Relations of the person and society with the nature;with the nature;Relations in the society;Relations in the society;

Criteria which allow to allocate global problems and Criteria which allow to allocate global problems and set of others, facing mankind:set of others, facing mankind:

Universal character of a problem (infringes on Universal character of a problem (infringes on interests of all countries or the majority);interests of all countries or the majority);In a case нерешенности such problem there is a In a case нерешенности such problem there is a threat to all mankind, recourse in development of threat to all mankind, recourse in development of productive forces;productive forces;Need in urgent and resolute actions on the basis of Need in urgent and resolute actions on the basis of the collective and co-ordinated efforts of all world the collective and co-ordinated efforts of all world community;community;

means that this sort of problem infringes means that this sort of problem infringes on interests of all classes and the social on interests of all classes and the social classes, all countries and the planet classes, all countries and the planet people; this problem influences all spheres people; this problem influences all spheres of public life and affects a state of affairs in of public life and affects a state of affairs in all areas of a planet, though and with all areas of a planet, though and with different degree of a sharpness.different degree of a sharpness.

Global problems can be grouped in 3rd Global problems can be grouped in 3rd spheres of action:spheres of action:1. Problems interactions of the nature 1. Problems interactions of the nature arising in sphere and societies:arising in sphere and societies:Reliable maintenance of mankind with raw Reliable maintenance of mankind with raw materials, energy the foodstuffs;materials, energy the foodstuffs;Environment preservation;Environment preservation;Development of resources of world ocean;Development of resources of world ocean;Mastering by a space;Mastering by a space;

2. Problems of public mutual relations:2. Problems of public mutual relations:

Relations between the states;Relations between the states;Overcoming of backwardness of Overcoming of backwardness of developing countries;developing countries;Local both international crises and shocks;Local both international crises and shocks;

3. Problems of development of the person and 3. Problems of development of the person and maintenance of its future:maintenance of its future:

Problems of the adaptation of the modern person Problems of the adaptation of the modern person to changing conditions of the natural and social to changing conditions of the natural and social environment under the influence of a scientific and environment under the influence of a scientific and technological revolution occurring in the world;technological revolution occurring in the world;Questions of a modern urbanization;Questions of a modern urbanization;Struggle against epidemics and most a serious Struggle against epidemics and most a serious illness;illness;Cultural wealth of the person;Cultural wealth of the person;

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