VOLUME 161 Thejournalof NOVEMBER 1991

The Journal of

ExperimentalBiology

The Company of Biologists Limited • Cambridge

The Company of Biologists Limited, founded in 1925, is a 'Company Limited by Guarantee'having tax-exempt charitable status. There is a Board of Directors consisting of about 20professional biologists, two of them appointed annually by the Society for ExperimentalBiology, who receive no salary or fees for their services. The Company's main function is to ownand produce The Journal of Experimental Biology, the Journal of Cell Science and Development,and to appoint the Editors of these journals. These are part-time appointments held byestablished professional biologists of some eminence, and once they have been appointed theCompany exercises no control over editorial policy.

The Company is precluded by its charitable status from making a commercial profit on itsoperations, and its aim is to produce high-quality journals at the lowest possible price. Anysurplus on publishing not required for the journals' reserves is transferred to an EducationalTrust Fund, which makes substantial grants in aid of societies concerned with the fields ofinterest covered by the Company's journals. Grants are also made to conferences and summerschools in the fields of its journals.

The Company's independence of commercial publishers enables it to choose the mosteffective form of publishing to give papers accepted the widest possible circulation in journals ofhigh quality and prestige. Changes in production and distribution of the journals have resulted insignificant increases in the speed of publication.

Cover photograph

Vortex formation during tethered flight of Inachis io in a wind-tunnel. The upper photographshows the end of the downstroke and the lower photograph shows the beginning of thedownstroke. Photographs by A. K. Brodsky (see pp. 77-95).

The Journal of

ExperimentalBiology

c.WITH W. A

VOLUME

1991

EDITED

161

BY

P. ELLINGTON. FOSTER & E. A. HOWES

EDITORIAL BOARD

R. McN. ALEXANDER (LEEDS)R. G. BOUTILIER (DALHOUSIE)M. BURROWS (CAMBRIDGE)P. J. BUTLER (BIRMINGHAM)V. E. DIONNE (SAN DIEGO)D. H. EVANS (FLORIDA)P. D. EVANS (CAMBRIDGE)R. K. JOSEPHSON (IRVINE)J. M. GOSLINE (BRITISH COLUMBIA)M. F. LAND (SUSSEX)

G. V. LAUDER (IRVINE)C. P. MANGUM (WILLIAMSBURG)B. R. McMAHON (CALGARY)J. G. NICHOLLS (BASEL)U. M. NORBERG (GOTEBORG)K. SCHILDBERGER (MAX-PLANCK

INSTITUT, SEEWIESEN)G. N. SOMERO (OREGON)P. W. WEBB (MICHIGAN)

Published and Printed by The Company of Biologists Limited,Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge,

Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ

© The Company of Biologists Limited 1991

This Publicationis available in Microform

University Microfilms International

300 North Zceb Road, Dcpt. P.R., Ann Aibor, MI. 48106

News of the Journal

The next volume of the JEB will introduce two changes that I trust will benefit ourreaders. The first is that Dr Bob Boutilier, an eminent respiratory and cardio-vascular physiologist with wide-ranging interests, will become co-Editor of theJournal. Having worked on topics as diverse as burrowing toads, diving physiologyand erythrocyte ion exchange mechanisms, he is ideally suited to edit a journalwith the breadth of the JEB. He is a long-standing member of the Editorial Boardand an enthusiastic supporter of the Journal, and there is no doubt that he willwork hard in your best interests. We welcome him most warmly to the new job.

The JEB has become so successful that, in addition to needing another Editor,something must be done about the size of the volumes. We regularly approach therecommended maximum for the bindings, and taking a volume home in yourbriefcase has become a struggle. The second change, therefore, is that we shallstart monthly publication in January. This has the added bonus that our time fromacceptance to publication of manuscripts should fall from the current average of 19weeks to a very impressive 15 weeks. Our distinctive format and hard cover will beretained, but twice the number of good cover photographs will now be required.Please do not let us run out! Most of our cover photographs have been submittedfor consideration along with a manuscript, but we are always pleased to look at anystriking picture.

Charlie Ellington

CONTENTS

PAGE

LOHMANN, K. J., WILLOWS, A. O. D. AND PINTER, R. B. An identifiable molluscanneuron responds to changes in earth-strength magnetic fields 1

STEWART, R. R., ZOU, D.-J., TREHERNE, J. M., M0LLGARD, K., SAUNDERS, N. R. ANDNICHOLLS, J. G. The intact central nervous system of the newborn opossum in long-term culture: fine structure and GABA-mediated inhibition of electrical activity . 25

KRAMER, B. AND KAUNZINGER, I. Electrosensory frequency and intensity discriminationin the wave-type electric fish Eigenmannia 43

KLEIN, U., LOFFELMANN, G. AND WIECZOREK, H. The midgut as a model system forinsect K+-transporting epithelia: immunocytochemical localization of a vacuolar-type H + pump 61

BRODSKY, A. K. Vortex formation in the tethered flight of the peacock butterfly Inachisio L. (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) and some aspects of insect flight evolution . . . 77

RONAN, M. AND BODZNICK, D. Behavioral and neurophysiological demonstration of alateralis skin photosensitivity in larval sea lampreys 97

LIN, H. AND RANDALL, D. Evidence for the presence of an electrogenic proton pump onthe trout gill epithelium 119

MALONEY, M. S., WALSH, P. R. AND RHOADARMER, K. B. Calcium and calmodulin

antagonists delay oral regeneration in the ciliate Stentor coeruleus 135

SMITH, A. M. The role of suction in the adhesion of limpets 151

MADDESS, T., DUBOIS, R. A. AND IBBOTSON, M. R. Response properties and adaptationof neurones sensitive to image motion in the butterfly Papilio aegeus 171

MCDONALD, D. G., CAVDEK, V., CALVERT, L. AND MILLIGAN, C. L. Acid-baseregulation in the Atlantic hagfish Myxine glutinosa 201

ICHIKAWA, T. Architecture of cerebral neurosecretory cell systems in the silkwormBombyx mori 217

MOGAMI, Y. AND MACHEMER, H. A novel type of ciliary activity in Stylonychia mytilus:analysis of potential-coupled motor responses in the transverse cirri 239

RICHMOND, J. E., FUNTE, L. R., SMITH, W. L., PRICE, D. A. AND HAYDON, P. G.

Activation of a peptidergic synapse locally modulates postsynaptic calcium influx. 257

FLANIGAN, J. E., WITHERS, P. C. AND GUPPY, M. In vitro metabolic depression of tissuesfrom the aestivating frog Neobatrachus pelobatoides 273

HUGHES, P. M. AND RAYNER, J. M. V. Addition of artificial loads to long-eared batsPlecotus auritus: handicapping flight performance 285

RANVAUD, R., SCHMIDT-KOENIG, K., GANZHORN, J. U., KIEPENHEUER, J., GASPAROTTO,O. C. AND BRITTO, L. R. G. The initial orientation of homing pigeons at themagnetic equator: compass mechanisms and the effect of applied magnets 299

MORRIS, S., TAYLOR, H. H. AND GREENAWAY, P. Adaptations to a terrestrial existence bythe robber crab Birgus latro. VII. The branchial chamber and its role in urinereprocessing 315

HOLMAN, M. A. AND ANDERSON, P. A. V. Voltage-activated ionic currents inmyoepithelial cells isolated from the sea anemone Calliactis tricolor 333

MCKENZIE, D. J., BURLESON, M. L. AND RANDALL, D. J. The effects of branchialdenervation and pseudobranch ablation on cardioventilatory control in an air-breathing fish 347

SMITH, B. H. The olfactory memory of the honeybee Apis mellifera. I. Odorantmodulation of short- and intermediate-term memory after single-trial conditioning 367

Contents

PAGE

TULLIS, A., BLOCK, B. A. AND SIDELL, B. D. Activities of key metabolic enzymes in theheater organs of scombriod fishes 383

GIFFORD, A. N., NICHOLSON, R. A. AND PITMAN, R. M. The dopamine and5-hydroxytryptamine content of locust and cockroach salivary neurones 405

SNYDER, G. K. AND NESTLER, J. R. Intracellular pH in the toad Bufo marinus followinghypercapnia 415

WHIM, M. D. AND EVANS, P. D. The role of cyclic AMP in the octopaminergicmodulation of flight muscle in the locust 423

MACHIN, J., KESTLER, P. AND LAMPERT, G. J. Simultaneous measurements of spiracularand cuticular water losses in Periplaneta americana: implications for whole-animalmass loss studies 439

ZUFALL, F., HATT, H. AND KEIL, T. A. A calcium-activated nonspecific cation channelfrom olfactory receptor neurones of the silkmoth Antheraea polyphemus 455

EATON, R. C. AND EMBERLEY, D.S. HOW stimulus direction determines the trajectory ofthe Mauthner-initiated escape response in a teleost fish 469

PAGNOTTA, A. AND MILLIGAN, C. L. The role of blood glucose in the restoration ofmuscle glycogen during recovery from exhaustive exercise in rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss) and winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) . . . 489

SHORT COMMUNICATIONSTIIHONEN, K. AND NIKINMAA, M. Substrate utilization by carp (Cyprinus carpio)

erythrocvt.es 509GERENCSER, G. A. Subcellular carbonic anhydrase profile in Aplysia gut 515WOLFERSBERGER, M. G. Inhibition of potassium-gradient-driven phenylalanine uptake

in larval Lymantria dispar midgut by two Bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxinscorrelates with the activity of the toxins as gypsy moth larvicides 519

PANCHIN, Y. V., PERRINS, R. J. AND ROBERTS, A. The action of acetylcholine on thelocomotor central pattern generator for swimming in Xenopus embryos 5.27

WORTHINGTON, J., YOUNG, I. S. AND ALTRINGHAM, J. D. The relationship between bodymass and ventilatory rate in mammals 533

HAMAGUCHI, M. S., ISHIJIMA, S., HAMAGUCHI, Y. AND HIRAMOTO, Y. Double-focalvideomicroscopy: a simple video system for analyzing the dynamics of cell motility 537

INDEX TO VOLUMES 155 to 161INFORMATION ABOUT THE JOURNAL