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Theindustrialrevolutionnotes 091004231522-phpapp02
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Transcript of Theindustrialrevolutionnotes 091004231522-phpapp02
A change in the way work was done. A change from making goods by hand, to using machines.
Field left fallowPeople have to walk over your strips to reach theirs
No proper drainage
Animals can trample crops and
spread disease
Difficult to take
advantage of new farming
techniques
Because land in different fields takes time to get to
each field
No hedges or fences
• Charles Townshend – Learned that crop rotation led to longer lasting fertile soil.
• Jethro Tull – Invented a seed drill – a cart with a dropper that would plant seeds more efficiently.
• It began with an Agricultural Revolution in the 1700s. New ways of planting and growing crops were introduced.
Old way of planting seeds
The Seed Drill
Improved Seed Drill
This led to:
1. ______________________________
2. __________ ___________________
3. _____________________________
4. ______________________________
C. Enclosure Movement: Rich landowners bought land of village farmers and enclosed it with fences.
Discovery of more productive farm methods to increase production
Larger profits for wealthy farmers
Small farmers now unemployed – move to the cities to find work
Cities grew - Urbanization
Farmer James
Farmer Dylan and Courtney Farmer Cristen
Farmer TomEntrepreneur
Brandon
Yeah… I’ll work for
you!Without my farm, where will I work?
How will my family of 8 children survive?
Through the Enclosure Act of Parliament, I am now the owner of all of
this land!
They’re taking our farm… what are we going to
do?
Welcome to the city!This is my factory.
You will earn 2 pounds a week!
Where will we live?
You can live in my tenement building… you can have a room for 10 pounds a week!
But we only make 2 pounds
per week!We’ll just have
to get the children to work!
Food surplus
Increased population
Improved diets
Better health
Lower death rate
Growing cities
II. New energy sources were found that would help work new machines and inventions.
A. Traditionally, __________ and _________ labor were used to do work.
B. _________ and ________ had been used to move wheels that would then move machine parts in mills.
C. Then, _________ was discovered to burn hotter and longer than wood and was used to create steam that would then be compressed in engines in order to move parts of machinery such as rotors or levers.
D. Henry Bessemer discovered that coal could be used to heat mineral ore and remove the iron. Then he discovered that smelting coal and iron made ________. This became known as the _____________________.
human animal
Wind water
coal
steelBessemer process
New inventions
Better metals
Growth of mines to get ore for metal
Development of the Factory System
III. Why was England the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution?
A. England had resources - ________, _______, _______, ________ and _______________.
B. England had a wealthy upper class and bourgeoisie that used their capital to build mines and factories and buy machines and large farms for profit.
C. England’s economy was strong because it had colonies that supplied resources.
D. England’s naval superiority was an advantage because it protected trade routes.
harborsa good climate
workerscoal iron
Cottage Industry Factory SystemBoth
Workers owned tools
Worked from home or rented space Propertyless workers - Proletariat
Supervisor – Floor Manager
Worked at their own pace
Mostly in villages (Rural)
Part of an outwork system, hired by wealthy merchant-
manufacturers
Capitalists owned factory, tools, machines
Used machine power (Watermill, steam)
Worked to pace of the the factory, All workers
under one roofSupervisor – Putters out, Bagmen, foggers
Used Hand power machines
Mostly in cities (Urban)
Part of wage labor system – hired to work
Organized by Capitalists, bought raw
materials, hired
No real skill needed, no training monotonous movements, mass
production Division of labor, workers
did not sell finished product for themselves
Goods were made mostly for oversea trading,not local consumption – plain, simple goods
Women and children
Div of capital and labor, disputes between workers and owners
