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RESEARCCH METHODOLOGY

This seminar deals with the theft of power from a DC source. There are

total four poles used by us, these are four wises which are connected from each of

the four slots.

The seminar presented here is very useful in detection of electric theft. If any

unauthorized person try access the electrical line he must be detected and call must

be done to the control room within 20 second of time .That why the detection oftheft must be done at remote area also. The project reuired microcontroller and

electrical interface circuit module which easily available in mar!et.

BLOCKDIAGRAM

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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM EXPLANATION

There are different methods to sense current shunt and current transformers. "hunt

is a very small value of resistor with watta#e. It is connected in series of

transmission line. $olta#e drop across this shunt is measure which is proportional

to current. "econd is current transformer it is havin# two coils one is connected in

series of transmission wire. It is also low value hi#h current handlin# windin#.

%eneration of electroma#netic flu& is directly proportional to current and hence

#eneration of volta#e in secondary is also proportional to this current. "hunt is

suitable for DC current, but current transformers are suitable for 'C current

measurement only. In both cases we have to insert sensor in series of cable by

cuttin# it.(e can measure DC current without cuttin# cable with the help of meter

tester. (hich is havin# circular metallic core which can be open with the help of

level and the wire of which we want measure the current is ta!en inside so the

ma#netic flu& develop by the wire is measure.. (e are comparin# current of cable

at two different location as there is now tappin# between these two test point both

currents are same. )ut due to the tolerance of component there will be difference in

micro volt. This will #et detected by comparator. In this case if ne&t pole volta#e is

#reater then supply side pole volta#e is #reater then supply side pole then there

will be no chan#e in o*p of comparator even after there is power theft. "o we are

usin# adder to ne&t pole si#nal. "o in normal condition output will remain low.

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THEORY OF COMPONENTS+

ADC CONVERTER:'DC 00 is used to perform the operation this will convert

the analo# si#nal in to di#ital si#nal

The 'DC desi#nin# is very important in our project. )ecause without this we can.t

measure the pollution. -or desi#nin# the 'DC card we have to find the resolution

of 'DC. (ithout !nowin# the resolution of 'DC we can.t desi#n temperaturemeasurement circuit. esolution means minimum chan#e that Can be detected by

the 'DC .In our project we are usin# 'DC 00.

/umber of output bits of 'DC 00 is and the reference volta#e is 1 $dc.

MICRO CONTROLLER

The analo# uantity is then converted into di#ital euivalent value, so that the

micro controller can read the values of the input uantity. The microcontroller

then directs the input value from the analo# to di#ital converter to the appropriate

channels i.e. The output device as the choice of the user.

The main function of the micro controller is to vary the output of the system as the

input conditions chan#e3 this is necessary as the system desi#ned is a real time

system. The

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microcontroller is pro#rammed such that it will vary the output of the system if

there is any chan#e in the input uantity. The main function of the micro controller

is to vary the output of the system as the input conditions chan#e3 this is necessary

as the system desi#ned is a real time system. The micro controller is pro#rammed

such that it will vary the output of the system if there is any chan#e in the input

uantity.

The at4s12 is a low power, hi#h performance cmos bit microcomputer with !

bytes of flash pro#rammable and erasable read only memory The device is

manufactured usin# a hi#hdensity nonvolatile memory technolo#y and is

compatible with the industrystandard mcs15 instruction set and pin out. The on

chip flash allows the pro#ram memory to be repro#rammed insystem or by

conventional nonvolatile memory pro#rammer. )y combinin# a versatile bit

cpu with flash on a monolithic chip, the at4c15 is a powerful microcomputer

which provides a hi#hly fle&ible and costeffective solution to many embedded

control applications.

BUZZER

)uzzer or beeper is a si#nallin# device, usually electronic, typically used in

automobiles, household appliances such as a microwave oven, or #ame shows .

It most commonly consists of a number of switches or sensors connected to a

control unit that determines if and which button was pushed or a preset time has

lapsed, and usually illuminates a li#ht on the appropriate button or control panel,

and sounds a warnin# in the form of a continuous or intermittent buzzin# or

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beepin# sound. Initially this device was based on an electromechanical system

which was identical to an electric bell without the metal #on#

6which ma!es the rin#in# noise7.

VOLTAGE REGULATOR

' volta#e re#ulator is an electrical re#ulator desi#ned to automatically maintain a

constant volta#e level. It may use an electromechanical mechanism, or passive or

active electronic

components. Dependin# on the desi#n, it may be used to re#ulate one or more DC

volta#es. (ith the e&ception of shunt re#ulators, all volta#e re#ulators operate by

comparin# the actual output volta#e to some internal fi&ed reference volta#e. 'ny

difference is amplified and used to control the re#ulation element. This forms a

ne#ative feedbac! servo control loop. If the output volta#e is too low, the

re#ulation element is commanded to produce a hi#her volta#e. If the output volta#e

is too hi#h, the re#ulation element is commanded to produce a lower volta#e. In

this way, the output volta#e is held rou#hly constant.

LCD

8CD creates ima#es on a flat surface by shinin# li#ht throu#h a combination ofliuid crystals and polarized #lass. The technolo#y differs from CT because a

CT uses a beam of electrons projected throu#h a lar#e #lass tube to create ima#es.

The electronics industry has used liuid crystal display 68CD7 technolo#y for

years, in many products ran#in# from calculators to laptop screens. /ow, 8CD

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monitors or flatpanel displays, are uic!ly replacin# traditional cathode ray tube

6CT7 computer monitors.

POWER SUPPLY

The performance of the circuit depends on the proper functionin# of the power

supply unit.The power supply converts not only '.C. to D.C., but also provides

output volta#e of 1volts, 5ampere. The essential components of the power supply

are+

TRANSFORMER

's the name su##ests it transforms the volta#e level from one level to another.

Transformer used is the step down center tap transformer to step from 290$ to

4$ It also provides isolation from the mains.

RECTIFIER

The rectifier is used to convert '.C. to D.C. volta#e. The desi#n that we have used

is full wave rectifier, usin# I/:00; diodes.

FILTER

' filter is a circuit, which removes '.C. components of the rectified output but

allows D.C. components to reach the load. The filter used is a simple capacitor of

500.f * 21$.

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REGULATOR

' volta#e re#ulator is a circuit that supplies a constant volta#e re#ardless of the

chan#es in the load current The volta#e re#ulator used in our project is IC ;01,

which is a three terminal IC. ' heat sin! is used, so that the heat produced by there#ulator dissipatin# power has a lar#er area from which it radiates the heat into the

air by holdin# the case temperature to a much lower value than would result

without the heat sin!.IC ;01 has an internal thermal overload protection and has

internal short circuit current limitin# circuit.

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@in no. 2 6Tri##er7+ The output of the timer depends on the amplitude of the

e&ternal tri##er pulse which is always ne#ative.

@in no. 9 6Autput7+ There are two ways of connectin# the load to the output

terminals i.e. between @in no. 9 and #round or @in no. 9 and supply volta#e.

@in no. : 6eset7+ Timer can be reset the ne#ative pulse to the terminal. (hen the

reset function is not in use the reset terminal should be connected to the $cc to

avoid any possibility of false tri##er.

@in no. 1 6Control volta#e7+ )y applyin# the volta#e at this pin or by connectin#

the pot between the pin and the #round the pulse width of the output can be varied.

(hen not in the use the pin is bypassed to the #round with 0.05u- to prevent any

noise problem.

@in no. B6Threshold7+ when the volta#e across this terminal is more than 2*9 $cc

the output of the timer #oes hi#h

@in no. ;6Dischar#e7+ This pin is connected to the collector of the transistor 5.

(hen the output of the timer is hi#h 5 is A-- and acts as an open circuit to the

e&ternal capacitor connected across it. An the other hand when output is low 5 is

short circuited and e&ternal capacitor is #round.

@in no. 6$cc7+ The supply volta#e of 1 $ to 5$ is applied to the pin.

CRYSTAL

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IC 104 is DT- encoders which reuire crystal of 9.1;4 Ez freuency, row

and column is havin# some standard freuency they are havin# relationship with

this crystal freuency. The function of the crystal is to #enerate freuency of 9.1;4.

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CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 CONCLUSION

This work electricity theft detector is a system used to

determine illegal electricity usage has been thoroughly researched

upon and various test carried out in the laboratory.,. Once this

proposed detection systems are tried in electrical lines, the various

losses in electricity distribution can be reduced effectively.

4.1 RECOMMENDATION

Going by the study conducted thus so far in this seminar work, we

recommend that using of electricity theft detector is set in a power

delivery system, a detection system for illegal electricity usage is

possible.

This device when properly installed will give clue whether the

electric cable is tapped or not and where to investigate further.

We also recommend that the consumer end should be an automatic

meter reading detector, while that between supply and consumer

can be an electronic detecting device without a meter to save cost.

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REFERENCE

Gupta, B.R. (2008). Power system analysis and design.(5thEdition). India:

Rajendra, R.

Mehta, V.k, Rohit, M. (2000). Principle of power system. Ne !e"hi:

#hand, $.

Ekedo, %.&. (2002).Integrated components for robotics automation and

hobbies. Bo'ton: $ith %. Book'.

Morri', %.#. (200). Electronics.( 3rdEdition). *+: Edard rno"d

-u"i'her'.

Gupta, %.B. (200/). Electrical power system.n'ari: +ataria $.+ and 'on'.

!ona"d, N. (200). Electronics circuit analysis design.(1th

Edition).

Ne ork: M3Gra4i"".

Gupta, %.B. (2008). Theory and performance of electrical machines. (th

Edition). !e"hi40006: +ataria, $.+ and 'on'.

Ekedo, %.&. (2002). Induction to Semiconductor Electronic. Bo'ton:

Mu77i Book'.

Gupta, B.R. (2005). Power system analysis and design.(thEdition). Ne

!e"hi: #hand, $. and #opan "iited.

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