TheCompleteMuscular System.anaphysio

7/25/2019 TheCompleteMuscular System.anaphysio

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OR EVERYTHING YOU

EVER WANTED TOKNOW ABOUTMUSCLES, BUT WERE

AFRAID TO ASK !!!


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The Muscular System

Muscles are responsible for all movementof thebody

Give shape and form to the body.

There are three basic types of muscle Skeletal

Cardiac

Smooth


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Info About Muscles

Only body tissue able tocontract

create movement by

flexingand extendingjoints

Body energyconverters(many muscle cells

contain manymitochondria


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Myolo!y

Study of muscles.


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Mesoderm" embryonic ori!in of muscles


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TYPES OF

MUSCLE

ACCORDING TO

NERVOUSCONTROL

#. $O%&'TA) M&S*%+

,. I'$O%&'TA) M&S*%+-. *AIA* (I'$O%&'TA)

M&S*%+S


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VOLUNTARY

MUSCLE

M&S*%+ &'+ T/+

*O'TO% O0 T/+1I%%

MO+ S+'SIT$+ TO+%+*TI*A%

STIM&%ATIO'

+2. A%% S3+%+TA%M&S*%+


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INVOLUNTARY

MUSCLE

M&S*%+S 1/I*/A+ 'OT &'+ T/+*O'TO% O0 T/+1I%%

MO+ S+'TI$+ TO*/+MI*A%STIM&%ATIO'

+2.M&S*%+S O0IG+STI$+ TA*T


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CARDIAC

MUSCLES

M&S*%+S O0 T/+/+AT


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$oluntary muscles li4e !astronemius is made up

of bundles of muscle fibers calledfascicles.0asciculus is enveloped by a connective tissue5

perymicium6hich e7tends to the muscle as theendomysium68c separates one5t6o or three

muscle fibers.


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%ar!e sheet"li4e connective tissue that covers entiremuscles are called fascia5 68c 6hen located at thesurface of the muscle is called superficial fascia andfound inside the muscle is called deep fascia.


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0ascia serves as a means by 6hich muscles are attachand emer!e at the end of the muscles either9

Tendon"thic45dense cord or band

Aponeurosis:thin and flat


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, ;OI'TS O0 18* M&S*%+S A+ ATTA*/

#. ;OI'TS O0 OIGI'" MO+ 0I2+ A'&S&A%%) ;O2IMA% I' ;OSITIO'

,. ;OI'TS O0 I'S+TIO'" T/+ MO+ MO$AB%+

A' &S&A%%) ISTA%%)"%O*AT+.


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/+AS" more than one point of ori!in

S%I;S" more than one more insertion.


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exten"

STAIG/T+'S A;AT


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0le7ion


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ABDUCTOR

BI'GS A ;AT A1A)0OM T/+ M+IA'%A'+


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Abduction5 Adduction < *ircumduction


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LEVATOR

AIS+S A ;AT


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DEPRESSOR

%O1+S A ;AT


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DILATOR

O;+'S A ;AT OO;+'I'G


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CONSTRICTO

R

*%OS+S A' O;+'I'G


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ROTATOR

OTAT+S A ;AT


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Three types of muscle

Skeletal Cardiac Smooth


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*lassification of Muscle

Skeletal-found in limbs

Cardiac-found in heart

Smooth-Found inviscera

Striated, multi-nucleated

Striated, 1nucleus

Not striated, 1nucleus

voluntary involuntary involuntary


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*haracteristics of Muscle

S4eletal and smooth muscle are elon!atedMuscle cell > muscle fiber

*ontraction of a muscle is due to movement of

microfilaments(protein fibersAll muscles share some terminolo!y ;refi7es myoand mysrefer to muscle

;refi7 sarcorefers to flesh


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Skeletal muscle - Summary

"oluntary mo#ement

of skeletal parts

Spans $oints andattached to skeleton

Multi-nucleated

striated cylindrical

fibres


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Smooth Muscle

!o striationsSpindleshaped

Singlenucleus

Involuntary-no conscious control0ound mainly in the 6alls of hollo6 or!ans


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Smooth muscle

%ines &alls of #iscera

'ound in longitudinal or

circular arrangement

lternate contraction ofcircular longitudinal

muscle in the intestine leadsto peristalsis


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Structure of smooth muscle

Spindle shaped uni-nucleated cells

Striations not obser#ed

ctin and myosin filaments are present( proteinfibers)


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Smooth muscle - Summary

'ound in &alls of

hollo& internal

organs

*n#oluntarymo#ement of internal

organs

Elongated spindleshaped fibre &ith

single nucleus


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*ardiac Muscle

Striations"ranchingcells

Involuntary

0ound only in the heart&sually has a sin!le nucleus5 but can have more than

one


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Structure of cardiac muscle

+ardiac muscle cells (fibres) are shortbranched and interconnected

+ells are striated usually ha#e !

nucleus

d$acent cardiac cells are $oined #iaelectrical synapses (gap $unctions)

These gap $unctions appear as dark lines

and are called intercalated discs


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+ardiac muscle - Summary

'ound in the heart

*n#oluntary rhythmic

contraction

ranched striated

fibre &ith single

nucleus and

intercalated discs


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Muscle +ontrol

Type of

muscle

Nerous

control

Type of

control

"ample

SkeletalSkeletal Controlled

by CNS

#oluntary$ifting aglass

Cardiacegulated

by ANS

&noluntary 'eart

beating

Smooth Controlled

by ANS&noluntary (eristalsis


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Types of esponses

T#itch- A sin!le brief contraction

'ot a normal muscle function

Tetanus One contraction immediately follo6ed by another

Muscle never completely returns to a rela7ed state

+ffects are compounded


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1here oes the +ner!y *ome 0rom@

+ner!y is stored in the muscles in the form of$TP

AT; comes from the brea4do6n of !lucose

durin! Cellular %espirationThis all happens in the&itochondriaof the

cell

1hen a muscle isfatigued(tired it is unableto contract because of lac4 of Oxygen


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+7ercise and Muscles

Isotonic-muscles shorten and movement occurs( most normal e7ercise

Isometric-tension in muscles increases5 nomovement occurs (pushin! one hand a!ainst theother


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/o6 are Muscles Attached to Bone@

Origin-attachmentto a movable bone

Insertion-attachment to an immovable bone

Muscles are al6ays attached to at least , points

Movement is attained due to a muscle movin!an attached bone


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The Skeletal Muscles

There are about C muscles in

the human body. They enable usto move5 maintain posture and

!enerate heat. In this section 6e

6ill only study a sample of themajor muscles.

St l id t id


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FLE#ES AND ROTATES

HEAD

Sternocleidomastoideus


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Masseter


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ELEVATE MANDIBLE

Masseter


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Trape?ius


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E#TEND HEAD,

ADDUCT, ELEVATE ORDEPRESS SCAPULA

Trape?ius


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eltoid


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ABDUCT, FLE# $

E#TEND ARM

eltoid


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FLE#ES, ADDUCTS $ ROTATESARM MEDIALLY

;ectoralis Major


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Triceps Brachii


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E#TEND ELBOW %OINT

Triceps Brachii


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+7ternal Intercostals


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ELEVATE RIBS

+7ternal Intercostals

Internal Intercostals


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DEPRESS RIBS

Internal Intercostals

iaphra!m


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INSPIRATION

iaphra!m


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ectus 0emoris


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FLE#ESTHIGH,

E#TENDS

LOWER LEG

ectus 0emoris


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Sartorius


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FLE#ES THIGH, $

ROTATES THIGHLATERALLY

Sartorius

Biceps 0emoris


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E#TENDS THIGH$ FLE#ES

LOWER LEG

Biceps 0emoris


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Tibialis Anterior


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DORSIFLE#ES AND

INVERTS FOOT

b o

TheCompleteMuscular System.anaphysio

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