TheBig Picture: ‘Clean, Green and Ethical’ ‘Clean, Green ..._green,_ethical.pdf · ‘Clean,...

Graeme MartinBSc (Agric) PhD

Program Leader, Animal Production Systems

Graeme MartinBSc (Agric) PhD

Program Leader, Animal Production Systems

The Big Picture:‘Clean, Green and Ethical’

Animal Production

The Big Picture:‘Clean, Green and Ethical’

Animal Production

Innovations in Animal Production to Meet Consumer Expectations

Industry Forum 2007Industry Forum 2007

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“The Sheep Industry is Dead”

““The Sheep The Sheep

Industry is Dead”Industry is Dead”

DroughtWool prices‘Big cropping’

DroughtWool prices‘Big cropping’

Australian sheep flock

4343 4848 5353 5858 6363 6868 7373 7878 8383 8888 9393 9898 0303 08f08f00

5050

100100

150150

MillionsMillions

YearYear

200200

1998 2003 2008f

50

100

70

60

80

90

110

120

Million sheepMillion sheep

Sheep prices

Source: NLRS, MLA

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 200450

100

150

200

250

300

¢/kg carcase weight

Ewe

Wether

Source: NLRS, MLA

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

100

200

300

400

500

¢/kg cwt

Export

Supermarket

Trade

Lamb prices

Lamb exports

90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07f 08f0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

Thousand tonnes

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

% of Production

Year

Australian Australian SheepmeatSheepmeat

20062006 20152015

$3.3b$3.3b$2.5b$2.5b

Source: ABS, DAFWA

1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04

50

100

150

200

$ Million

Meat Exports WA

Sheep

2004-05

Beef

Wool 2004-5:$490M

Wool 2004Wool 2004--5:5:

$490M$490M

Re-Development of the Australian Sheepmeat Industry

1)1) 19801980ss

First market research, initial on-farm R&D

Establishment of LAMBPLAN … carcase genetics

Development of Prime Lamb Key Program

Promotion:

“TrimLamb” (Australia)

“Fresh Australian Range Lamb” (USA)

2)2) 1990 1990 –– nownow

More consumer researchMore consumer research

NNew products, quality assuranceew products, quality assurance

Market focus Market focus –– quality, high pricequality, high price

The animals: larger, leaner lambs (genes, management)The animals: larger, leaner lambs (genes, management)

Wool versus (?) Meat

Why is Meat important to Australian Wool Growers?

Meat Value from Merinos: $1.64 BMeat Value from Merinos: $1.64 B

Australianmutton

Australianmutton

$500 M$500 M100%

Merino genes

100%Merino genes

Australianlamb

Australianlamb

$840 M$840 M60%

Merino genes

60%Merino genes

Liveshipping

Liveshipping

$300 M$300 M80%

Merinos

80%Merinos



Based on EBVs for Merino sires with >25 recorded progeny

70

80

90

100

110

120

130

140

50 75 100 125 150 175

Meat Value (Carcase Plus)Meat Value (Meat Value (CarcaseCarcase Plus)Plus)

Fleece Value (8% Micron Premium)Fleece Value (8% Micron Premium)Fleece Value (8% Micron Premium)

Wool versus (?) Meat

��

XX

The Australian Wool Industry

Same principles… but still waiting at the blocks?

• Small share of apparel market (5%?)

Price-takers?

• High quality product?

High-price markets; Discretionary spenders

• Competitors?

Synthetics, cotton

• Small share of apparel market (5%?)

Price-takers?

• High quality product?

High-price markets; Discretionary spenders

• Competitors?

Synthetics, cotton



CRC for Sheep Industry InnovationCRC for Sheep Industry Innovation

Program 1: ‘Easycare’ sheepProgram 2: Information nucleus flocks

Program 3: Program 3: Meat InnovationMeat Innovation

Program 4: Program 4: Wool InnovationWool InnovationProgram 5: Adoption, uptake and changeProgram 6: Education

Re-Development of the AustralianSheep Industry

1)1) 19801980ss


Establishment of LAMBPLAN … genetics

Promotion: “TrimLamb” and “Fresh Australian Range Lamb”

2)2) 1990 1990 –– nownow




Bigger, leaner lambs (genes, management)Bigger, leaner lambs (genes, management)

Australian Breeding Values Australian Breeding Values …… meat and woolmeat and wool

3)3) 2000 2000 ––

ReRe--assess role of sheep in wholeassess role of sheep in whole--farm enterprisesfarm enterprises

4)4) The Next HurdleThe Next Hurdle

A licence to continue playing the game A licence to continue playing the game ……

Program 6: Program 6: Grazing Systems for Grazing Systems for

Recharge and Discharge PasturesRecharge and Discharge Pastures

GoalsGoals

��New animal production systems that use New animal production systems that use

forage plants on recharge and discharge forage plants on recharge and discharge

areasareas

�� Profitable and practical systems that will be Profitable and practical systems that will be

rapidly adopted by landholdersrapidly adopted by landholders

May 17, 2007May 17, 2007

National Award for Excellence in InnovationNational Award for Excellence in Innovation

CRC Salinity:CRC Salinity: Sustainable Grazing on Saline LandsSustainable Grazing on Saline Lands

AustraliaAustralia’’s Chief Scientist, Dr Jim Peacocks Chief Scientist, Dr Jim Peacock::

Hundreds of thousands of hectares that had Hundreds of thousands of hectares that had

been written off were made productive been written off were made productive in a in a

manner that protects the environment and manner that protects the environment and

rewards livestock producers.rewards livestock producers.



Program 3: Program 3: Future Livestock ProductionFuture Livestock Production

•• High performance livestock systemsHigh performance livestock systems

•• Perennial plants for feedPerennial plants for feed

•• IIntegrated with specialist cropping farmsntegrated with specialist cropping farms

•• AAdapted to diverse regions, climate variabilitydapted to diverse regions, climate variability

•• New plants, new management systemsNew plants, new management systems

•• High livestock performanceHigh livestock performance

•• BBetter natural resource managementetter natural resource management

Livestock: Livestock: ‘Landscape Integrators’‘Landscape Integrators’Dr D Abrecht (DAFWA)Dr D Abrecht (DAFWA)Dr D Abrecht (DAFWA)

Low rainfall landscapesLow rainfall landscapes

~ 80% of farms have livestock~ 80% of farms have livestock

~ 35% effective farm area is not cropped~ 35% effective farm area is not cropped

~ 20% farm income from sheep and wool~ 20% farm income from sheep and wool

Livestock: Livestock: ‘Landscape Integrators’‘Landscape Integrators’

WholeWhole--farm agrofarm agro--ecologyecology�� Cropping Cropping –– herbicide resistance in weedsherbicide resistance in weeds

�� Pasture ecology Pasture ecology –– perennials, woody weeds, salinity, acidity, perennials, woody weeds, salinity, acidity, fertility, waterfertility, water--holding capacity holding capacity

�� Stubble managementStubble management

�� Soil renovation Soil renovation –– nutrients, soil structurenutrients, soil structure

�� Tactical management of croplands (heavy land, waterlogged soils)Tactical management of croplands (heavy land, waterlogged soils)

Enterprise diversity, management flexibilityEnterprise diversity, management flexibility�� Returns in low rainfall seasonsReturns in low rainfall seasons

�� Wool income offset from season of productionWool income offset from season of production

�� Mobility in poor seasons Mobility in poor seasons –– shift livestock to feed or feed to livestockshift livestock to feed or feed to livestock

�� Whole farm profitability (temporal and spatial variability)Whole farm profitability (temporal and spatial variability)

Dr D Abrecht (DAFWA)Dr D Abrecht (DAFWA)Dr D Abrecht (DAFWA)



The Sheep Industry is Dead

The Sheep The Sheep Industry is Industry is DeadDeadBUS

TEDBUS

TEDBUS

TED

Re-Development of the Australian Sheep Industry

1)1) 19801980ss


Establishment of LAMBPLAN … genetics

Promotion: “TrimLamb” and “Fresh Australian Range Lamb”

2)2) 1990 1990 –– nownow




Bigger, leaner lambs (genetics, management)Bigger, leaner lambs (genetics, management)

3)3) 2000 2000 ––

ReRe--assessed role of sheep in wholeassessed role of sheep in whole--farm enterprisesfarm enterprises

‘‘Landscape integrationLandscape integration’’ ((weeds, salinity weeds, salinity ……))

Enterprise diversity, flexibilityEnterprise diversity, flexibility

4)4) The Next HurdleThe Next Hurdle

Other aspects of product quality, product differentiationOther aspects of product quality, product differentiation

A licence to continue playing the game A licence to continue playing the game ……

Consumer Concerns About Hormones in FoodFact Sheet #37, June 2000



Rose Welch has a 3 1/2-year-old son who was breastfed for a few years and now drinks only organic milk and eats only organic food. Rose worries about the hormones used in meat and dairy production. "The amount of chemicals [and hormones] in our food is horrifying," says Rose. "And most of the research ignores kids."

Rose Welch has a 3 1/2-year-old son who was breastfed for a few years and now drinks only organic milk and eats only organic food. Rose worries about the hormones used in meat and dairy production. "The amount of chemicals [and hormones] in our food is horrifying," says Rose. "And most of the research ignores kids."

Consumer Concerns About Hormones in FoodFact Sheet #37, June 2000

This fact sheet addresses some of the consumer concerns that have been brought to BCERF regarding health effects of hormones used by the meat and dairy industries. Evidence available so far, though not conclusive, does not link hormone residues in meat or milk with any human health effect.







Boycott Australian WoolBoycott Australian Wool

“… sheep raised for wool are often mutilated and castrated without painkillers, then disposed of by being slaughtered in the Middle East, after enduring a grueling, weeks- or months-long journey on over-crowded, disease-ridden ships with little access to food or water through all weather extremes.”

“… sheep raised for wool are often mutilated and castrated without painkillers, then disposed of by being slaughtered in the Middle East, after enduring a grueling, weeks- or months-long journey on over-crowded, disease-ridden ships with little access to food or water through all weather extremes.”







By Environmental News Network staff

ENN®

A burping cow is a polluting cow.Belching and flatulence in cows and sheep annually produce 90 percent of Australia's methane emissions in the agricultural sector …

A burping cow is a polluting cow.Belching and flatulence in cows and sheep annually produce 90 percent of Australia's methane emissions in the agricultural sector …

Community concernsCommunity concerns –– a Developing Situationa Developing Situation

☺ Sustainable agricultural practices

� Excess fertiliser (pasture, animal feeds)

� N2O – ozone depletor, 310-fold more potent than CO2

� N2O – global emissions due to nitrogen fertiliser use; agricultural soils account for 70-80%

� Greenhouse gases (methane)

� Waste management (eg, lot-feeding)

☺ Ethical management of animals

☺ ‘Healthy’ foods

☺ Contaminant-free

☺ Beneficial properties

… the next set of Market Forces …

☺ Sustainable agricultural practices

� Excess fertiliser (pasture, animal feeds)

�� NN22O O –– ozone ozone depletordepletor, 310, 310--fold more potent than COfold more potent than CO22

�� NN22O O –– global emissions due to nitrogen global emissions due to nitrogen fertiliserfertiliser use; use;

agricultural soils account for 70agricultural soils account for 70--80%80%

� Greenhouse gases (methane)

� Waste management (eg, lot-feeding)

☺ Ethical management of animals

☺ ‘Healthy’ foods

☺ Contaminant-free

☺ Beneficial properties

… the next set of Market Forces …

The Future of Animal IndustriesThe Future of Animal Industries

CleanClean GreenGreen EthicalEthical

Specific examples “CleanClean”

Hormones for controlling reproductionHormones for controlling reproductionResidues Residues –– Contamination of foodsContamination of foods

Disposal (environment)Disposal (environment)

Drugs, Drugs, AntibioticsAntibioticsWorms, insect pests (lice, flies)Worms, insect pests (lice, flies)

Feed additivesFeed additivesDisease Disease –– cure, prophylaxiscure, prophylaxis

PesticidesPesticidesHerbicides, insecticides, fungicidesHerbicides, insecticides, fungicides




Program 1: Program 1: ‘‘EasycareEasycare’’ sheepsheepa) Worms and blowflies a) Worms and blowflies –– resistance, resilienceresistance, resilience

Program 2: Information nucleus flocksProgram 3: Meat InnovationProgram 4: Wool InnovationProgram 5: Adoption, uptake and changeProgram 6: Education

Global warmingGlobal warming

AAdaptationdaptation

PreventionPrevention

MMethaneethane (CSIRO breakthrough(CSIRO breakthrough))

“GreenGreen”Specific examples



Great news on our greenhouse targets.

We’ve bred a cow that can’t release methane

Great news on our greenhouse targets.

We’ve bred a cow that can’t release methane

CSIRO

Global warmingGlobal warming

AAdaptationdaptation

PreventionPrevention

MMethaneethane

Land degradationLand degradation

Weed managementWeed management

SalinitySalinity

“GreenGreen”Specific examples



Program 3: Future Livestock Production

• High performance livestock systems• Perennial plants for feed• Integrated with specialist cropping farms• Adapted to diverse regions, climate variability

• New plants, new management systems• High livestock performance• Better natural resource management

“EthicalEthical”Specific examples

Mulesing

Live exports

Castration

Transport

Lamb survival

‘Clean, green’ issues

Mulesing

Live exports

Castration

Transport

Lamb survival

‘Clean, green’ issues

LicenceLicence

tto play o play

the gamethe game




Program 1: Program 1: ‘‘EasycareEasycare’’ sheepsheepa) Worms and blowflies a) Worms and blowflies –– resistance, resilienceresistance, resilience

b) Lamb and b) Lamb and weanerweaner survivalsurvival

Program 2: Information nucleus flocksProgram 3: Meat InnovationProgram 4: Wool InnovationProgram 5: Adoption, uptake and changeProgram 6: Education

Abattoirs, Abattoirs, FFeed producers, eed producers, FFactories, Transport …actories, Transport …

The Future of Animal IndustriesThe Future of Animal Industries

CleanClean GreenGreen EthicalEthicalHormones Hormones

DrugsDrugsAnimal Animal

welfarewelfare��XXIndustry Industry

practicespractices??

EcosystemEcosystem

stewardshipstewardship��

Sheep ResearchSheep Research

UWA Institute of Agriculture and PartnersUWA Institute of Agriculture and Partners

CleanClean GreenGreen EthicalEthicalAdaptation to climate Adaptation to climate

changechange

Methane production Methane production

by the rumenby the rumen (Enrich)(Enrich)

Salinity: deepSalinity: deep--rooted rooted

perennials as fodder perennials as fodder

(CRC)(CRC)

Temperament: genetics, Temperament: genetics,

behaviourbehaviour, physiology (MLA), physiology (MLA)

Lamb survival: motherLamb survival: mother--

young bondingyoung bonding

Lamb survival: nutrition and Lamb survival: nutrition and

colostrumcolostrum

HormoneHormone--free control of free control of

reproduction (ARC)reproduction (ARC)

‘‘Focus feedingFocus feeding’’ to to

manipulate reproduction manipulate reproduction

(MLA)(MLA)

SelfSelf--medicationmedication

Ultrasound Ultrasound –– control of control of

reproduction (MLA)reproduction (MLA)

‘‘NutraceuticalsNutraceuticals’’ (eg, (eg,

healthy fats) (ISLhealthy fats) (ISL--DEST)DEST)

AustraliaAustralia’’s advantagess advantages

1)1) Already very Already very ‘‘CGECGE’’2)2) The MerinoThe Merino

Other Animal Industries?Other Animal Industries?

PigsPigs

Beef cattleBeef cattle

Dairy cattleDairy cattle

More diversity …?More diversity …?

Sheep ResearchSheep Research

UWA Institute of Agriculture and PartnersUWA Institute of Agriculture and Partners

CleanClean GreenGreen EthicalEthical

1. New Industries1. New Industries

2. Established Industries2. Established Industries



Rural Industries Research and Rural Industries Research and

Development CorporationDevelopment CorporationQuickTime™ and a

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3. National Rural Issues3. National Rural Issues

Environment & Farm ManagementRangeland & Wildlife SystemsOrganic ProduceFood Integrity & BiosecurityGlobal Competitiveness

Environment & Farm ManagementRangeland & Wildlife SystemsOrganic ProduceFood Integrity & BiosecurityGlobal Competitiveness

‘CGE’‘‘CGE’CGE’






1. New Industries

New Animal ProductsRare Natural (Animal) Fibres

1. New Industries

New Animal ProductsRare Natural (Animal) Fibres

2. Established Industries

Chicken MeatHoneybeeHorsesDeerBuffalo

2. Established Industries

Chicken MeatHoneybeeHorsesDeerBuffalo

Frog Cane toadCrocodileSnakeGoannaTurtle

RabbitHareGuinea pig

PossumKangarooWallaby

Frog Cane toadCrocodileSnakeGoannaTurtle

RabbitHareGuinea pig

PossumKangarooWallaby

Sheep (dairy)Goat (dairy)Goat (cashmere)HorseBeefaloBuffaloDeerAntelopeBisonYak

CamelLlamaAlpaca

Sheep (dairy)Goat (dairy)Goat (cashmere)HorseBeefaloBuffaloDeerAntelopeBisonYak

CamelLlamaAlpaca

SnailMussel

YabbyMarron

Honey beeWitchety grubSilkworm

Earthworm

SnailMussel

YabbyMarron

Honey beeWitchety grubSilkworm

Earthworm

OstrichEmuChicken

Magpie gooseMutton bird

Game birds: duck, goose, pigeon, guinea fowl, quail, pheasant, turkey

FoxWild boar

OstrichEmuChicken

Magpie gooseMutton bird

Game birds: duck, goose, pigeon, guinea fowl, quail, pheasant, turkey

FoxWild boar






UWA activity

Honey beeHoney bee





PEOPLE FOR THE ETHICAL TREATMENT OF ANIMALSPEOPLE FOR THE ETHICAL TREATMENT OF ANIMALS



Honey: From Factory-Farmed Bees

The Complex Lives of Bees

A Language All Their Own

Why Bees Need Their Honey

Honeybees Do Not Pollinate as Well as Native Bees

Manipulating Nature

What You Can DoAvoid honey, beeswax, propolis, royal jelly and other products that come from bees.Visit CaringConsumer.com for a list of companies that don’t use animal products.Call 1-888-VEG-FOOD or visit GoVeg.com to order a free vegetarian starter kit.

FactsheetFactsheet

Re-Development of Mainstream Animal Industriesand Development of ‘new’ Animal Industries

Re-Development of Mainstream Animal Industriesand Development of ‘new’ Animal Industries

1) Consumer research, product development, quality

assurance, top-end market

2) Animals in whole-farm ecosystem – management of

water table, weeds, income diversity

3) Next: licence to play; best products, differentiated by:

1) Consumer research, product development, quality

assurance, top-end market

2) Animals in whole-farm ecosystem – management of

water table, weeds, income diversity

3) Next: licence to play; best products, differentiated by:

Abattoirs, Feed producers, Factories, Transport …Abattoirs, Abattoirs, FFeed producers, eed producers, FFactories, Transport …actories, Transport …

PostPost--farmfarm

gate practicesgate practices??CleanClean GreenGreen EthicalEthical

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