TheMontevideo Conventionon the Rights and Duties of States was a treaty signed atMontevideo, Uruguay, on December 26, 1933, during the Seventh International Conference of American States. TheConventioncodified the declarative theory of statehood as accepted as part of customary international law.This treaty was signed at the International Conference of American States in Montevideo, Uruguay on December 26, 1933. It entered into force on December 26, 1934. The treaty discusses the definition and rights of statehood.ARTICLE 1The state as a person of international law should possess the following qualifications: a ) a permanent population; b ) a defined territory; c ) government; and d) capacity to enter into relations with the other states.ARTICLE 2The federal state shall constitute a sole person in the eyes of international law.ARTICLE 3The political existence of the state is independent of recognition by the other states. Even before recognition the state has the right to defend its integrity and independence, to provide for its conservation and prosperity, and consequently to organize itself as it sees fit, to legislate upon its interests, administer its services, and to define the jurisdiction and competence of its courts.The exercise of these rights has no other limitation than the exercise of the rights of other states according to international law.ARTICLE 4States are juridically equal, enjoy the same rights, and have equal capacity in their exercise. The rights of each one do not depend upon the power which it possesses to assure its exercise, but upon the simple fact of its existence as a person under international law.ARTICLE 5The fundamental rights of states are not susceptible of being affected in any manner whatsoever.

ARTICLE 6The recognition of a state merely signifies that the state which recognizes it accepts the personality of the other with all the rights and duties determined by international law. Recognition is unconditional and irrevocable.ARTICLE 7The recognition of a state may be express or tacit. The latter results from any act which implies the intention of recognizing the new state.ARTICLE 8No state has the right to intervene in the internal or external affairs of another.ARTICLE 9The jurisdiction of states within the limits of national territory applies to all the inhabitants.Nationals and foreigners are under the same protection of the law and the national authorities and the foreigners may not claim rights other or more extensive than those of the nationals.ARTICLE 10The primary interest of states is the conservation of peace. Differences of any nature which arise between them should be settled by recognized pacific methods.ARTICLE 11The contracting states definitely establish as the rule of their conduct the precise obligation not to recognize territorial acquisitions or special advantages which have been obtained by force whether this consists in the employment of arms, in threatening diplomatic representations, or in any other effective coercive measure. The territory of a state is inviolable and may not be the object of military occupation nor of other measures of force imposed by another state directly or indirectly or for any motive whatever even temporarily.ARTICLE 12The present Convention shall not affect obligations previously entered into by the High Contracting Parties by virtue of international agreements.ARTICLE 13The present Convention shall be ratified by the High Contracting Parties in conformity with their respective constitutional procedures. The Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Uruguay shall transmit authentic certified copies to the governments for the aforementioned purpose of ratification. The instrument of ratification shall be deposited in the archives of the Pan American Union in Washington, which shall notify the signatory governments of said deposit. Such notification shall be considered as an exchange of ratifications.ARTICLE 14The present Convention will enter into force between the High Contracting Parties in the order in which they deposit their respective ratifications.ARTICLE 15The present Convention shall remain in force indefinitely but may be denounced by means of one year's notice given to the Pan American Union, which shall transmit it to the other signatory governments. After the expiration of this period the Convention shall cease in its effects as regards the party which denounces but shall remain in effect for the remaining High Contracting Parties.ARTICLE 16The present Convention shall be open for the adherence and accession of the States which are not signatories. The corresponding instruments shall be deposited in the archives of the Pan American Union which shall communicate them to the other High Contracting Parties.In witness whereof, the following Plenipotentiaries have signed this Convention in Spanish, English, Portuguese and French and hereunto affix their respective seals in the city of Montevideo, Republic of Uruguay, this 26th day of December, 1933.RESERVATIONSThe Delegation of the United States of America, in signing the Convention on the Rights and Duties of States, does so with the express reservation presented to the Plenary Session of the Conference on December 22, 1933, which reservation reads as follows:The Delegation of the United States, in voting "yes" on the final vote on this committee recommendation and proposal, makes the same reservation to the eleven articles of the project or proposal that the United States Delegation made to the first ten articles during the final vote in the full Commission, which reservation is in words as follows:"The policy and attitude of the United States Government toward every important phase of international relationships in this hemisphere could scarcely be made more clear and definite than they have been made by both word and action especially since March 4. I [Secretary of State Cordell Hull, chairman of U.S. delegation] have no disposition therefore to indulge in any repetition or rehearsal of these acts and utterances and shall not do so. Every observing person must by this time thoroughly understand that under the Roosevelt Administration the United States Government is as much opposed as any other government to interference with the freedom, the sovereignty, or other internal affairs or processes of the governments of other nations."In addition to numerous acts and utterances in connection with the carrying out of these doctrines and policies, President Roosevelt, during recent weeks, gave out a public statement expressing his disposition to open negotiations with the Cuban Government for the purpose of dealing with the treaty which has existed since 1903. I feel safe in undertaking to say that under our support of the general principle of non-intervention as has been suggested, no government need fear any intervention on the part of the United States under the Roosevelt Administration. I think it unfortunate that during the brief period of this Conference there is apparently not time within which to prepare interpretations and definitions of these fundamental terms that are embraced in the report. Such definitions and interpretations would enable every government to proceed in a uniform way without any difference of opinion or of interpretations. I hope that at the earliest possible date such very important work will be done. In the meantime in case of differences of interpretations and also until they (the proposed doctrines and principles) can be worked out and codified for the common use of every government, I desire to say that the United States Government in all of its international associations and relationships and conduct will follow scrupulously the doctrines and policies which it has pursued since March 4 which are embodied in the different addresses of President Roosevelt since that time and in the recent peace address of myself on the 15th day of December before this Conference and in the law of nations as generally recognized and accepted".The delegates of Brazil and Peru recorded the following private vote with regard to article 11: "That they accept the doctrine in principle but that they do not consider it codifiable because there are some countries which have not yet signed the Anti-War Pact of Rio de Janeiro 4 of which this doctrine is a part and therefore it does not yet constitute positive international law suitable for codification".

RIGHT OF LEGATIONA. The right of legation. Also known as the right of diplomatic intercourse, this refers to the right of the State to send and receive diplomatic missions, which enables States to carry on friendly intercourse. It is not a natural or inherent right, but exists only by common consent. No legal liability is incurred by the State for refusing to send or receive diplomatic representatives. Governed by the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations (1961).1. Agents of Diplomatic Intercourse. a) Head of State. He is the embodiment of, and represents, the sovereignty of the State, and enjoys the right to special protection for his physical safety and the preservation of his honor and reputation. His quarters, archives, property and means of transportation are inviolate under the principle of exterritoriality. He is immune from criminal and civil jurisdiction, except when he himself is the plaintiff, and is not subject to tax or exchange or currency restrictions. See Mighell v. Sultan of Johore, supra..b) The Foreign Office. The actual day-to-day conduct of foreign affairs is usually entrusted to a Foreign Office, headed by a Secretary or a Minister, who, in proper cases, may make binding declarations on behalf of his government [Legal Status of Eastern Greenland].2. Establishment of Resident Missions. States carry on diplomatic intercourse through permanent missions established in the capitals of other States. The mission is composed of:a) Head of Mission. The Vienna Convention classifies the heads of mission into:i) Ambassadors or nuncios accredited to Heads of State, and other heads of mission of equivalent rank;ii) Envoys, ministers and internuncios, accredited to Heads of State; andiii) Charges daffaires, accredited to Ministers of Foreign Affairs.b) Diplomatic Staff, composed of those engaged in diplomatic activities and are accorded diplomatic rank.c) Administrative and Technical Staff, consisting of those employed in the administrative and technical service of the mission. d) Service Staff, i.e., those engaged in the domestic service of the mission.

3. The Diplomatic Corps. According to custom, all diplomatic envoys accredited to the same State form a body known as the Diplomatic Corps. The doyen or head of this body is usually the Papal Nuncio, if there is one, or the oldest ambassador, or, in the absence of ambassadors, the oldest minister plenipotentiary.4. Appointment of Envoys. In the Philippines, it is the President who appoints [Sec. 16, Art. VII, Philippine Constitution], sends and instructs the diplomatic and consular representatives, and his prerogative to determine the assignment of the countrys diplomatic representatives cannot be questioned [De Perio-Santos v. Macaraig, G.R. No. 94070, April 10, 1992].a) The sending State is not absolutely free in the choice of its diplomatic representatives, especially heads of mission, because the receiving State has the right to refuse to receive as envoy of another State a person whom it considers unacceptable. To avoid embarrassment, States resort to an informal inquiry [enquiry] as to the acceptability of a particular envoy, to which the receiving State responds with an informal conformity [agrement]. This informal process is known as agreation.b) With the informal process concluded, the diplomatic mission then commences when the envoy presents himself at the receiving State, generally armed with the following papers: (i) Lettre de creance (letter of credence), with the name, rank and general character of the mission, and a request for favorable reception and full credence; (ii) diplomatic passport authorizing his travel; (iii) instructions, which may include a document of full powers (pleins pouvoirs] authorizing him to negotiate on extraordinary or special business; and (iv) cipher, or code or secret key, for communications with his country.5. Functions and duties. The main functions of a diplomatic mission are: a) representing the sending State in the receiving State; b) Protecting in the receiving State the interests of the sending State and its nationals, within the limits allowed by international law; c) negotiating with the government of the receiving State; d) ascertaining, by all lawful means, the conditions and developments in the receiving State and reporting these to the sending State; and e) promoting friendly relations between the sending State and the receiving State, and developing their economic, cultural and scientific relations.6. Diplomatic immunities and privileges. Except as provided below, the following diplomatic immunities and privileges shall be enjoyed by the envoy and the members of the diplomatic retinue, i.e., the administrative and technical staff.a) Personal inviolability. The person of the diplomatic representative is inviolable; he shall not be liable to any form of arrest or detention. The receiving State shall treat him with due respect and take all steps to prevent any attack on his person, freedom or dignity. In the Philippines, R.A. 75 punishes, on the basis of reciprocity, any person who assaults, strikes, wounds, offers violence to the person of the ambassador or minister (except if done in self-defense). The UN Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Crimes Against Internationally Protected Persons considers crimes against diplomatic agents as international, not political, in nature. However, the diplomatic envoy may be arrested temporarily in case of urgent danger, such as when he commits an act of violence which makes it necessary to put him under restraint for the purpose of preventing similar acts; but he must be released and sent home in due time.b) Inviolability of premises and archives. The premises occupied by a diplomatic mission, as well as the private residence of the diplomatic agent, are inviolable. The agents of the receiving State may not enter without the consent of the envoy, except in extreme cases of necessity, e.g., when the premises are on fire, or where there is imminent danger that a crime of violence is to be perpetrated in the premises. Such premises cannot be entered or searched, and neither can the goods, records and archives be detained by local authorities even under process of law. i) The service of writs, summons, orders or processes within the premises of the mission or residence of the envoy is prohibited. Even if a criminal takes refuge within the premises, the peace officers cannot break into such premises for the purpose of apprehending him. The fugitive should, however, be surrendered upon demand by local authorities, except when the right of asylum exists. But if it is the ambassador himself who requests local police assistance, this privilege cannot be invoked [Fatemi v. U.S.].ii) The Vienna Convention provides that the receiving State has the special duty to protect diplomatic premises against invasion, damage, or any act tending to disrupt the peace and dignity of the mission. However, in Reyes v. Bagatsing, 125 SCRA 553, the Supreme Court held as invalid the denial by the Mayor of the application for a permit to hold a public assembly in front of the U.S. Embassy, there being no showing of a clear and present danger that might arise as a result of such a rally.iii) The premises of the mission, their furnishings and other property thereon, and the means of transport of the mission shall be immune from search, requisition, attachment or execution. Inviolability also extends to the archives, documents, papers and correspondence of the mission at all times and wherever they may be, and the receiving State has the duty to respect and protect their confidential character.iv) Unless the right is recognized by treaty or by local usage, an envoy should not permit the premises of his mission or his residence to be used as a place of asylum for fugitives from justice. An envoy may, however, in the interests of humanity, afford temporary shelter to persons in imminent peril of their lives, such as those fleeing from mob violence.c) Right of official communication. The right of an envoy to communicate with his government fully and freely is universally recognized. The mission may employ all appropriate means to send and receive messages, whether ordinary or in cipher, by any of the usual modes of communication or by means of diplomatic couriers. Because of this right, the diplomatic pouch and diplomatic couriers shall also enjoy inviolability.d) Immunity from local jurisdiction. Under the 1961 Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, a diplomatic agent shall enjoy immunity from criminal jurisdiction of the receiving State. Thus, he cannot be arrested, prosecuted and punished for any offense he may commit, unless his immunity is waived. But immunity from jurisdiction does not mean exemption from local law; it does not presuppose a right to violate the laws of the receiving State. Diplomatic privilege does not import immunity from legal liability but only exemption from local jurisdiction [Dickinson v. Del Solar, 1 K.B. 376].i) The diplomatic agent also enjoys immunity from the civil and administrative jurisdiction of the receiving State, and thus, no civil action of any kind may be brought against him, even with respect to matters concerning his private life. As a rule, his properties are not subject to garnishment, seizure for debt, execution and the like, except in the following cases: a) any real action relating to private immovable property situated in the territory of the receiving State, unless the envoy holds it on behalf of the sending State for the purposes of the mission; b) an action relating to succession in which the diplomatic agent is involved as executor, administrator, heir or legatee as a private person and not on behalf of the sending State; and c) an action relating to any professional or commercial activity exercised by the diplomatic agent in the receiving State outside his official functions.ii) This immunity also means that the diplomatic agent cannot be compelled to testify, not even by deposition, without the consent of his government, before any judicial or administrative tribunal in the receiving State.iii) However, see Minucher v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 97765, September 24, 1992, where the Supreme Court held that the act of private respondent Drug Enforcement Agent of the U.S. in the frame-up of petitioner was unauthorized and could not be considered performed in the discharge of official functions, despite a belated diplomatic note from the US Embassy; thus, suit against the private respondent was upheld, being a suit against him in his personal and private capacity. See also Shauf v. Court of Appeals, 191 SCRA 713, where it was held that the immunity does not protect a public official who commits unauthorized acts, inasmuch as such unauthorized acts are not acts of State. Accordingly, he may be sued for such unlawful acts in his private capacity.

iv) Subject to the rule on reciprocity, Republic Act No. 75 declares as void any writ or process issued out or prosecuted by any person in any court of the Philippines, or by any judge or justice, whereby the person of any ambassador or public minister of any foreign State, authorized and received as such by the President, or any domestic servant of any such ambassador or minister, is arrested or imprisoned, or his goods or chattels distrained, seized or attached; and penalties are imposed for violation of this provision. However, this privilege is not granted to: [a] citizens/inhabitants of the Philippines, where the process is founded upon a debt contracted before his employment in the diplomatic service; and [b] domestic servants of the ambassador or minister whose names are not registered with the Department of Foreign Affairs.v) As part of the envoys immunity from local jurisdiction, the children born to him while he possesses diplomatic status are regarded as born in the territory of his home State.e) Exemption from taxes and customs duties. Under the Vienna Convention, diplomatic agents are exempt from all dues and taxes, whether personal or real, national, regional or municipal, except the following: [i] indirect taxes normally incorporated in the price of goods or services; [ii] dues and taxes on private immovable property situated in the territory of the receiving State, unless he holds it on behalf of the sending State for purposes of the mission; [iii] estate, succession or inheritance taxes levied by the receiving State; [iv] dues and taxes on private income having its source in the receiving State and capital taxes on investments in commercial ventures in the receiving State; [v] charges levied for specific services rendered; and [vi] registration, court or record fees, mortgage dues and stamp duty, with respect to immovable property. i) The Vienna Convention also provides for exemption from all customs duties and taxes of articles for the official use of the mission and those for the personal use of the envoy or members of the family forming part of his household, including articles intended for his establishment. Baggage and effects are entitled to free entry and, normally, exempt from inspection; articles addressed to ambassadors, ministers, charge daffaires are also exempt from customs inspection.f) Other privileges, which include freedom of movement and travel in the territory of the receiving State; exemption from all personal services and military obligations; the use of the flag and emblem of the sending State on the diplomatic premises and the residence and means of transport of the head of mission.7. Duration of immunities/privileges. The privileges are enjoyed by the envoy from the moment he enters the territory of the receiving State, and shall cease only the moment he leaves the country, or on expiry of a reasonable time in which to do so; although with respect to official acts, immunity shall continue indefinitely. These privileges are available even in transitu, when traveling through a third State on the way to or from the receiving State.8. Waiver of immunities. Diplomatic privileges may be waived, but as a rule, the waiver cannot be made by the individual concerned since such immunities are not personal to him. Waiver may be made only by the government of the sending State if it concerns the immunities of the head of mission; in other cases, the waiver may be made either by the government or by the chief of mission. Waiver of this privilege, however, does not include waiver of the immunity in respect of the execution of judgment; a separate waiver for the latter is necessary.9. Termination of diplomatic mission. The usual modes of terminating official relations, such as death, resignation, removal or abolition of office, will terminate the diplomatic mission. Other modes are recall by the sending State, dismissal by the receiving State, war between the receiving and the sending States, or the extinction of the State.B. Consular Relations. Consuls are State agents residing abroad for various purposes but mainly in the interest of commerce and navigation.1. Kinds of Consuls:a) Consules missi are professional and career consuls, and nationals of the appointing state.b) Consules electi are selected by the appointing state either from its own citizens or from among nationals abroad.2. Ranks:a) Consul General, who heads several consular districts, or one exceptionally large consular district. b) Consul, who takes charge of a small district or town or portc) Vice Consul, who assists the consul d) Consular agent, who is usually entrusted with the performance of certain functions by the consul.3. Appointment. Two important documents are necessary before the assumption of consular functions, namely:

a) Letters patent [lettre de provision], which is the letter of appointment or commission which is transmitted by the sending state to the Secretary of Foreign Affairs of the country where the consul is to serve; andb) Exequatur, which is the authorization given to the consul by the sovereign of the receiving state, allowing him to exercise his function within the territory.4. Functions. Generally, the functions pertain to commerce and navigation, issuance of visa (permit to visit his country), and such as are designed to protect nationals of the appointing state.5. Immunities and privileges. Under the 1963 Vienna Convention on Consular Relations, consuls are allowed freedom of communication in cipher or otherwise; inviolability of archives, but not of the premises where legal processes may be served and arrests made; exempt from local jurisdiction for offenses committed in the discharge of official functions, but not other offenses except minor infractions; exempt from testifying on official communications or on matters pertaining to consular functions; exempt from taxes, customs duties, military or jury service; and may display their national flag and emblem in the consulate.a) These immunities and privileges are also available to the members of the consular post, their families and their private staff. Waiver of immunities may be made by the appointing state.6. Termination of consular mission. Usual modes of terminating official relationship; withdrawal of the exequatur; extinction of the state; war.a) Severance of consular relations does not necessarily terminate diplomatic relations.THE PHILIPPINE FOREIGN SERVICEThe Board of Foreign Service Examinations, pursuant to provisions of the Foreign Service Act (R.A. 7157) of 1991 and the Revised Administrative Code of 1987, announces the holding of the2010 FOREIGN SERVICE OFFICER (FSO) EXAMINATIONto recruit candidates for appointment to the position of Foreign Service Officer, Class IV.Applicants for the examination must be knowledgeable on the economic, political and social conditions of the Philippines, and must possess not only facility in oral communication, but also the personality traits essential to the performance of the duties of Foreign Service Officers. They must also be willing and able to accept assignments to any post where their services may be required.Applicants are advised to check the eligibility requirements to ensure that they meet the said admission requirements. Applicants who are found ineligible, or who have submitted incomplete application forms and requirements, shall not be allowed to take the examination, and their admission fees shall be forfeited.DUTIES OF A FOREIGN SERVICE OFFICERThe duties of a Foreign Service Officer include: gathering information, analyzing and reporting political, economic, technological, cultural and other events and developments; drafting diplomatic notes and other forms of diplomatic correspondence; preparing briefing papers and other foreign policy papers for the Department and other offices of government as may be required; assisting in the preparation and conduct of international conferences; managing and supervising staff; disseminating information; working with other government agencies and private groups and individuals in promoting Philippine interests abroad; undertaking negotiations; assisting Filipinos abroad and protecting their rights; promoting Philippine culture and trade; bringing in foreign investments and promoting tourism to the Philippines; performing consular functions; and representing the Philippines in various international fora.FSO EXAMINATIONThe FSO Examination is composed of 5 parts:(1) Qualifying Test;(2) Preliminary Interview;(3) Written Test;(4) Oral Test; and(5) Psychological Test.I. Qualifying Test 28 March 2010The Qualifying Test covers (1) English grammar and correct usage; (2) reading comprehension; (3) logical reasoning; (4) quantitative reasoning/data interpretation; and (5) leadership/ knowledge of management concepts.The testing centers for the Qualifying Test are in Baguio City, Cagayan de Oro City, Cebu City, Davao City, Iloilo City, Legazpi City, Quezon City, San Fernando City (Pampanga), and Zamboanga City. Tests are also held in Dubai, United Arab Emirates; Vienna, Austria; and Washington, D.C., U.S.A.Candidates must obtain a passing grade of at least 80% in the Qualifying Test in order to qualify for the Preliminary Interview.II. Preliminary Interview 5 & 6 June 2010 (tentative)The Preliminary Interview shall be held after the results of the Qualifying Test have been determined. Candidates shall be interviewed by a panel of Foreign Service Officers to evaluate their overall potential for becoming Foreign Service Officers and future Ambassadors.The Preliminary Interview shall be held in Metro Manila, Cebu City, Davao City, Iloilo City and Zamboanga City. However, the Board reserves the right not to conduct the Preliminary Interview outside Metro Manila depending on the number of qualified candidates.Candidates must obtain an overall rating of PASS from the panel in order to qualify for the Written Test.Candidates who passed the 2008 and 2009 Qualifying Tests, and are less than thirty-six (36) years of age at the time of the first day of the interview period, must pass the Preliminary Interview to be eligible to take the Written Test.III. Written Test 9, 10, 11 June 2010 (tentative)The Written Test covers the following six subjects with the corresponding weights:1.English20%

2.Filipino5%

3.Philippine Political, Economic, Social and Cultural Conditions - Philippine history, culture, foreign policy, geography, government, development issues and goals30%

4.International Affairs - Theory and practice of international economics and trade, international politics, international law and treaties20%

5.World History20%

6.Foreign Language - Arabic, Bahasa Indonesia, Chinese, French, German, Japanese, or Spanish5%

The testing centers for the Written Test are in Metro Manila, Cebu City, Davao City, Iloilo City and Zamboanga City. However, the Board reserves the right not to conduct the Written Test outside Metro Manila depending on the number of qualified candidates.Candidates must obtain a passing grade of at least 75% in the Written Test in order to qualify for the Oral Test.IV. Oral Test 13, 14, 15 October 2010 (tentative)The Oral Test shall be held in Manila after the results of the Written Test shall have been determined. The Oral Test shall include an assessment of the candidates oral skills, logical thinking, values and attitude. Previous records and experiences shall also be considered in determining the candidate's fitness and aptitude for foreign service work.A candidate is deemed to have passed the Oral Test if he garners a rating of 80% or above in the Oral Test.V. Psychological Test 22, 23, 24, 25, 26 November 2010 (tentative)A candidate must garner an officialcomposite rating of 80% or above in the Written Test and Oral Test, in order to be eligible to take the Psychological Test.The Psychological Test shall be held in Manila after the results of the Oral Test have been determined.Candidates must obtain a rating of Recommended or Recommended with Reservations in order to be deemed as having passed the Psychological Test.QUALIFICATIONS AND REQUIREMENTSApplicants shall meet the following requirements:1.Age Limit- Applicants shall be less than thirty-six (36) years of age on 28 March 2010. The maximum age limit, however, does not apply to those who have been employed in the Department of Foreign Affairs or Foreign Service Institute for at least two years prior to the date of the FSO Written Examination and who meet the other qualifications required of candidates for the examination.2.Education- Applicants shall have at least graduated from a four (4) year bachelors degree course or its equivalent, and shall present the transcript of records, and either the diploma, certificate of graduation or its equivalent, from a college or university of recognized standing.3.Citizenship- Applicants shall be Filipino citizens. Pursuant to Republic Act No. 9225 and its Implementing Rules and Regulations, those who pass the FSO Examinations, with more than one citizenship, shall subscribe and swear to an oath of allegiance to the Republic of the Philippines and its duly constituted authorities, and renounce their oath of allegiance to any other country, prior to assumption of office. For more information on the rules governing citizenship under R.A. 9225, please visit(Dual Citizenship)Ranks (at post)Ambassador may be political or career appointeesConsul General/ Charge d Affaires/ Minister Consul career appointees / must have passed higher examinationsConsuls initial rank of FSOs at postAttaches FSSOAdministrative Staff FSSE