The ZEPLIN program Hanguo Wang, UCLA, Physics and Astronomy Stony Brook, May. 5, 2006 1.Status of...
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The ZEPLIN programHanguo Wang,
UCLA, Physics and Astronomy
Stony Brook, May. 5, 2006
1. Status of ZEPLIN II2. A possible ZEPLIN-IV design 3. Long term plan
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Detector response to WIMPs and Background
Radioactivebackground
electronrecoil
Target Nuclei
nuclear recoilWIMP orNeutron
(I,S,Th)
(I, S, Th)
Background Discrimination
Ionization
Scintillation
Phonon
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e-
Secondary (S2)Electroluminescence
Primary (S1)Scintillation
PMT
LXe
Gasliquid
γn-r
e-
PMT PMT
ZEPLIN II Design Principle
PTFE
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Rec
oil E
vent
S1 S2
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Drift and Luminescence
Field Modeling
Mesh Structure
Main Drift Volume
PMT
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ZEPLIN II Detector
ColdHead
HV & signal
Feedthrough
Gas Xenon
PMT
Field Rings
Liquid Xe
Vacuum
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Zep II Charge Extraction & Luminescence Field Grid
88% transparency
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Wiremesh
HV feedthrough
& internal cable
PTFE
Baffle
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ZEPLIN II Operation Underground at Boulby Mine, UK Detector fully operational Physics data taking in progress Data analysis in progress
Lead Shield
Purifier
Safety
Dump
Neutron shield &
Compton Veto
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ZEPLIN II Electron Lifetime and
Light Collection in Liquid Xenon
57Co
103pe/122keV
1000
5 day
Liquid purification well understood
Greater than 1-ms electron lifetime typical
1.5 photoelectron/keV at zero field
e-li
feti
me
(µs)
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P1 – Primary of Neutron
S1 – Secondary of Neutron
P2 – Primary of Gamma
S2 – Secondary of Gamma
P2
S2
S1P1
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3-D Event Display
XY
Z
Data from: z2_060226
57Co
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waveforms from ZEPLIN II
89% signal4-sigma cut
3.2x10-5
Log10(S2/S1) vs S1 Plot Background Discrimination
Gamma S2
S1
AmBe Run &
Dark Matter run
Possible neutron double
scatter overlap S2 Very clean waveform
Excellent recoil discrimination
from S2/S1
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Summary of ZEPLIN II System Integration Status
Cooling System Stable Slow Control System operational HV System, Feedthroughs complete Luminescence grid capable for 100% charge extraction good
S2 gain DAQ system and Software Tested Liquid level monitoring with S2 pulse width and drift time Instrument tilt/grid shape monitor across whole surface with S2 Recirculation system to purify xenon continuously
Routine two-phase operation established underground 9 hours to fill and 6 hours to empty Electron lifetime reach well above 1-ms Calibration and preliminary data runs started
Performance Ionization yield from xenon nuclear recoil observed! Primary light yield as expected (~1.6pe/keVee @zero field) Excellent background discrimination
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ZEPLIN II
ZEPLIN IV/MAX 0.250 ton
ZEPLIN III
30kg
8kg
ZEPLIN long term strategy I
+ =
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Direct Scale-up Based on the ZEPLIN II/III
250kg
250kg fiducial mass Two phase xenon 50 5-inch-PMT
19 on bottom31 on top
30-cm total drift length Light yield ~ 4pe/keV 45kV @ E=1.5kV/cm Xenon Purification
Forced Circulation
in liquid Active liquid recovery ~R x H = 0.5 (m) x 1.0 (m)
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1-ton 5-ton
ZEPLIN long term strategy II
Towards ton-scale PMT-less detector
CsI
Nano-Tip Readout
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Reverse operation of a cold-emission
Type device to achieve charge gain in liquid near the tip
Local high electric field for high gain100 % primary charge collectionLow absolute field with nano-structure
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VI
Xe Target
VII
Xenon Purification and Safety System for ZEPLIN IV
VI, VII, are vacuum pumpsActive Xenon collection system will take less space (1.4 x linear size)Xenon purification in liquid phase (less cooling power)
Manual Valve
Cooling
Pum
pG
ette
r.
SafetyDump
Cooling
Vacuum Insulated LineC.B.
C.B. Control Box
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ZEPLIN IV/MAX layout
1, Target Detector: (250kg ton scale) 8m x 8m x 6m (WxLxH)Central detector, Active neutron and Compton vetoLead shield, Neutron Shield.
2, Electronic & Control: 5m x 4m x 3mDAQ system, Slow control,
3, Auxiliary systems: 8m x 8m x 4m
Active xenon recovery system and related pipe-works and controls
4, Total Peak Power 25kW
5, Office
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Current ZEPLIN II Collaboration GroupsDB Cline, W.C. Ooi, F Sergiampietri(a), H Wang, P Smith(b), X Yang Physics and Astronomy, UCLA , (a) Pisa, (b) RAL&UCLA
JT White, J Gao, J. Maxin, G. Salinas, R. Bissit, J. Miller, J. Seifert Department of Physics, Texas A&M University
T Ferbel, U Schroeder (Chemistry), F Wolfs, W Skulski, J TokeDepartment of physics and Astronomy, Rochester University
Y GaoSouthern Methodist University, Texas
GJ Alner, C Bungau, B Camanzi, TJ Durkin,, R LuscherJD Lewin, RM Preece, NJT Smith, PF SmithParticle Physics Department, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Oxon
H Araujo, A Bewick, D Davidge, JV Dawson, AS Howard, WG Jones, MK Joshi, V Lebedenko, I Liubarsky, T J Sumner, J J Quenby, R WalkerBlackett Laboratory, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London
MJ Carson, E Daw, J Davis, T Gamble, VA Kudryavtsev, TB Lawson, PK Lightfoot, JE McMillan, B Morgan, SM Paling, M Robinson, NJC Spooner, DR ToveyDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield
A. S. Murphy, C GhagUniversity of Edinburgh, Department of Nuclear Physics
M. Danilov, D Akimov, A. Kovalenko, V. StekhanovITEP, Moscow,
A. Policarpo, I. Lopes, V. ChepelLIP-Coimbra