THE X X FACTOR HOW WORKING WOMEN ARE CREATING A NEW SOCIETY
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THE XX FACTOR HOW WORKING WOMEN ARE CREATING A NEW SOCIETY Laleema Senanayake LIRNEasia, 30.01.2014 This work was carried out with the aid of a grant from the International Development Research Centre, Canada.
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THE X X FACTOR HOW WORKING WOMEN ARE CREATING A NEW SOCIETY. Laleema Senanayake LIRNE asia , 30.01.2014. This work was carried out with the aid of a grant from the International Development Research Centre, Canada. . INTRODUCTION. Author: Alison Wolf - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of THE X X FACTOR HOW WORKING WOMEN ARE CREATING A NEW SOCIETY
THE XX FACTORHOW WORKING WOMEN ARE CREATING A NEW
SOCIETY
Laleema SenanayakeLIRNEasia, 30.01.2014
This work was carried out with the aid of a grant from the International Development Research Centre, Canada.
INTRODUCTION
• Author: Alison Wolf Sir Roy Griffiths Professor of public sector
management at Kings College London
• Published in 2013 by PROFILE BOOKS LIMITED
• Jane Auston braking off her engagement with Harris Big Wither in 1802 Modern highly educated professional females, 70
million world wide who stand in a direct line from Jane Auston
• 1960s’ : Open up of elite education, change of job opportunities, shift of family structures and the arrival of the pill
Alison Wolff: Source: http://s.huffpost.com/contributors/alison-wolf/headshot.jpg
Jane Auston : Source: http://www.janeausten.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/janepic.jpg
GOOD BYE TO ALL THAT: THE FRACTURING OF SISTERHOOD
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Nancy Astor: Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nancy_Astor.jpg
Margaret Thatcher: Source: http://www.conservativehome.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Margaret-Thatcher-BW.jpg
Hillary Clinton: Source: http://nyoobserver.files.wordpress.com/2013/04/hillary-clinton.gif%3Fw%3D660
FRAME OF THE CENTURY
‘Problem of the surplus women- Two Million who can never become wives ( Daily express headline, 1921)’
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THE RICH GET RICH AND THE POOR GET CHILDREN
Age at first birth for women aged 22–44 years, by education: United States, 2006–2010
Source: CDC/NCHS, National Survey of Family Growth, 2006–2010
• The proportion of American women who stay childless has doubled since 1970s’
• The educated women have children later in their lives
• Opportunities and professional success contributes to this trend
• The uneducated doesn’t regret their choice either God’s given me something
and it’s for a reason’: Promises I can keep, Kathryn Edin and Maria Kefalas
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THE RETURN OF THE SERVANT CLASS“The hand that rock the cradle is the hand that rules the world”
: William Rose Wallace
• First quarter of the 20th century: Marriage meant end of employment for females
• Mid 20th century: Returning to work after marriage and child bearing became standard (Median age: 12, 13 years)
• Past decade: The median age to return to work after birth is less than 6 years
Self/
Partner
Grandpare
nts
Other relati
ves/
Friends/
Neighbours
Childminder/
Nanny/ A
u pair
Nursery/ C
reche/
Other insti
tutions0
10203040
Percentage of professional and white collar working mothers of three year olds using different child care arrangements in
the UK
Managerial/ Professional Secretarial/ Administrative/ Technical
• Graduate mother today who postpones child bearing until thirty and then returns to work will probably suffer no earning loss at all for her first child, Heather Joshi
• Yet the super rich, at the very tip ( 1- 0.1%) tend to stay back after birth
Source Hansen and Joshi, eds, 2007
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PIZZA AND PARTNERSDistribution of food expenditure, USA, 1960
Food easten away from homeFood eaten at home
Food easten away from homeFood eaten at home
Distribution of food expenditure, USA, 2009
Source US Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service, adapted from Aguir and Hurst, 2007
High school dropout
High school graduate
Some collage
Bachelors and postgraduate
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
12
7
6
0
8
6
3
1
Increases in leisure time (hours per week): USA 1965- 2003)
Women Men
MAKING IT
WomenMen
WomenMen
1950- 51: Undergraduate enrolments, top private collages Northeast USA
2009- 2010: Undergraduate enrolments, top private collages Northeast USA
Source Collage admissions offices
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THE WAY WE LIVE NOW
China India Japan Singapore05
101520253035404550
44
27
41 40
12.5
7 9
17
29
1621
34
Female representation in top ten multi national companies in Asia 2009
% females in company workforce Senior managers: % femalesMid level positions: % females
Source Grant Thornton, 2009
Rwanda 56.3
Sweden 47
South Africa 43.5
Cuba 43.2
Icelad 42.9
Legislatures with the highest female representation, 2009
Source Inter parliamentary union
Georgina Rinehart
Oprah winfreyJ K Rowling
Olga Forte
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SOMETHING TO REGRET?
High school graduate, 1965 Bachelor's Degree, 1965 High school graduate, 2003 Bachelor's Degree, 20030
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
6
29
5
9
Source American Time Use Survey
Percentage of women age 25- 44 reporting that they have volunteering on a given day: USA
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THANK YOU!
“A crucial bible for anyone wanting to check up on anything about contemporary woman.”–The Guardian
“You may disagree with her interpretations of some of the data, but after reading The XX Factor we can no longer talk blithely about what ‘women’ want and do versus what ‘men’ want and do. Alison Wolf injects a raft of valuable and often surprising data into the ‘having it all’ debate and shows convincingly that the advances of professional elite women have wrought enormous social change but have also created deeply different life experiences between elite women and their less-privileged sisters.”–Anne-Marie Slaughter, president, New America Foundation
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