Wood Knowledge Wales and Bron Afron Community Housing

The Case For Wood Windows

The WWA Standard for manufacturing wood windows and window performance

Kevin Underwood

Wood Window Alliance

Introduction

Requirements for WWA timber windows

Other factors affecting high performance windows

Considerations for extending service life and reducing maintenance costs.

Timber Window Accreditation Scheme

The Wood Window Alliance technical specification for windows has developed from the requirements of the TWAS.

Whole life analysis of timber windows

Whole Life Analysis of timber, modified timber and aluminium-clad timber windows: Service Life Planning (SLP), Whole Life Costing (WLC) and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)

Dr Gillian F. Menzies Institute for Building and Urban Design Heriot Watt University June 2013

BS EN 14351-1:2006+A2:2016

Windows and Doors

Product Standard

Performance characteristics

Part 1 Windows and External Pedestrian Doorsets

Product Testing, European Standard

Declaration of Performance and CE Label

Any declaration for a performance characteristic that is an “essential characteristic” from Annex ZA of the product standard must be made first on the DoP.

http://www.bwf.org.uk/publications/ce-marking

BS 644

Timber Windows and Doorsets

Fully Finished factory-assembled windows and doorsets of various types

Specification

Product Testing, British Standard

Product Testing Clause Heading Sub-clause Heading Part Clause Additional information Other

referenced

standards

10 Security 10.1 Basic

Security

3 5.13.1 BS 6375-

3:2009

Annex A

10.2 Enhanced

Security

3 5.13.2 PAS 24

11 Safety in case of

fire

11.1 Fire

resistance

3 5.2.3 Test and

classification

BS EN 14600

11.2 Reaction to

fire

3 5.2.1 material of roof

windows only

Test and

classification

BS EN

13501-1

Performance

levels

Approved

Document B

12 Safety in use 12.1 Impact

resistance

(see below)

2 5.4 Test BS EN 13049

Classification BS 6375-2

12.2 Safety

Devices (see

below)

2 5.3 Load bearing

capacity

Test BS EN 14609

Performance

level

BS EN 14351

Product Testing 13 Weathertightness 1 6 Air

permeability

Test BS EN 1026

Classification BS EN 12207

7 Weathertightn

ess

Test BS EN 1027

Classification BS EN 12208

8 Resistance to

wind

Test BS EN 12211

Classification BES N 12210

14 Operation and

strength

characteristics

2 5.1 Operating

forces

Test BS EN 12046-1

Classification BS EN 13115

5.2.1 Resistance to

static torsion

Test BS EN 14609

Classification BS EN 13115

5.2.2 Racking Test BS EN 14608

Classification BS EN 13115

5.3 Load-bearing

capacity of

safety devices

Test BS EN 14609

Classification 350 N threshold

5.4 Impact

resistance

Test BS EN 13049

Classification Table 2

BS 6375-2

5.5 Resistance to

repeated

opening and

closing

Test BS EN 1191

Performance Min. 10000

cycles

As specified in

BS EN 12400

Class 2

Product Testing

15 Hygiene, health

and the

environment

Ventilation

device

N/

A

Test BS EN 13141-1

Classification BS EN 13142

16 Acoustic

Performance

3 5.5 Tested BS EN ISO 140-3

Evaluated BS EN 717-1

17 Energy

conservation

Thermal

Transmitta

nce

3 5.6 Calculation

method

General BS EN ISO

10077-1

Numerical

method

BS EN ISO

10077-2

Hot box method Windows and

doors

BS EN ISO

12567-1

Roof windows BS EN ISO

12567-2

BS EN ISO 9001:2015 – QMS

Factory Production Control

CE Marking – constancy of performance

Continuous Improvement

Quality Management Systems

Prescriptive Tolerances in Standards

Process Variation

Effects on performance

Tolerances

BS 8213-1

Windows, doors and rooflights

Part1 Design for safety in use and during cleaning of windows, including door-height windows and roof windows

Code of practice

Safety

BS 8213-4:2016

Windows and doors.

Code of practice for the survey and installation of windows and external doorsets

Installation

Regulation (EU) 995/2010

laying down the obligations of operators who place timber and timber products on the market

http://ec.europa.eu/environment/forests/timber_regulation.htm

European Timber Regulations

Chain of Custody

Forest Stewardship Council

Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification

Regulation (EU) 528/2012

concerning the making available on the market and use of biocidal products

http://www.hse.gov.uk/biocides/basics.htm

European Biocidal Products Regulation

Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006

concerning the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH), establishing a European Chemicals Agency

http://ec.europa.eu/environment/chemicals/reach/reach_en.htm

http://www.hse.gov.uk/reach/index.htm

REACH

Smoke Toxicity

The study aims at evaluating the need to regulate on toxicity of smoke generated by construction products in fire within the framework of Regulation (EU) No 305/2011 and the possible impacts of any such measures.

Emissions of VOCs

COMMISSION DELEGATED REGULATION on the classification of performance of construction products in relation to their emissions of volatile organic compounds into indoor air

What is an EPD?

An Environmental Product Declaration (EPD) communicates verifiable, accurate, non-misleading environmental information for products and their applications, thereby supporting scientifically based, fair choices and stimulating the potential for market driven continuous environmental improvement.

Environmental Product Declarations (EPD)

http://www.bwf.org.uk/toolkit/environmental-waste-management/what-is-a-life-cycle-assessment

Materials Health

Cradle to Cradle Certified™ Banned List of Chemicals

Chemicals and substances that are banned for use in Cradle to Cradle Certified™ products as intentional inputs above 1000 ppm (0.1%) by weight.

These are materials which have a tendency to accumulate in the biosphere and lead to irreversible negative human health effects or have hazardous characteristics associated with their manufacture, use, or disposal.

http://www.c2ccertified.org/resources/detail/cradle-to-cradle-certified-banned-list-of-chemicals Question to suppliers Please confirm that the products you supply to us do not use any of the materials listed in their production.

Materials Health Feasibility Study

A wooden window frame, can be eligible for certification on a Silver level.

Biophilic Design

Interior design expert Oliver Heath (pictured right), and Ed Suttie, Research Director at BRE Centre for Sustainable Products (left).

The term ‘biophilia’ refers to the adaption or design of a building to the environment, rather than the other way around. The meaning of the word biophilia is a love for nature and it is considered by some to be the missing part of sustainable design. Biophilic design aims to create strong connections between nature and manmade environments which can have benefits for health and wellbeing.

Biophilic Design

The Circular Economy

A Circular economy has the potential to give rise to much more resilient economies with more abundant resources and a healthier environment

BIM Building Information Modelling

Land Rover BAR Team HQ Portsmouth BIM Level 2

SERVOWOOD Reasons for coating wood

Protection

Durability

Weather resistance

Appearance

Colour

Gloss and sheen

Texture

Enhanced performance

Fire resistance

Fungal and algal resistance

Coating to protect from substrate interactions:

Moisture movement

Interface problems e.g. adhesion

Chemicals in wood such as: tannin and resins

SERVOWOOD Research Laboratories and Natural weathering Sites

Accelerated Weathering

UV-A fluorescent testing (2,000 hours).

Natural Weathering

Traditional 45 degree exposure rig facing South.

New Multifaceted Exposure Ring (MFER)

Allows exposure at zero, 45 and 90 degrees and N, S, E and W orientation.

Includes artificial wetting and heating.

SERVOWOOD Weathering Tests

SERVOWOOD Results – fungal growth

Coating Service Life

Orientation of grain for coated surface – flat sawn or quarter sawn

Angle of coated surface – vertical, 15 degrees to horizontal, less than 15 degrees to horizontal etc.

Radius of arris (sharp) edges – 0mm, 1.5 to 3mm, greater than 3mm etc.

Surface quality – machined finish or sanded finish

Denibbing or sanding? – is process too heavy

Leave primer and undercoat to “absorb” the nibs?

End-grain sealing – assessment of method used (materials and application)

Movement of timber

Flexibility of adhesive

Tannin/extractive staining Idigbo not so much sapele

What do people use? Redwood, sapele, grandis, iroko

Factors that can affect coating performance

Location of component – top horizontal (head), bottom horizontal (sill), upper end of vertical component, lower end of vertical component etc.

Application of preservative – none, superficial treatment, impregnation treatment (3mm analytical zone)

Extension of component from face of window (or other product) i.e. sill projection – flush (0mm), 25mm 100mm etc.

Location of window in building opening – 100mm from external face, 50mm, 0mm etc.

Protection from weather – by soffit (lintel), canopy or porch etc.

Exposure to weather – External

Construction moisture - Internal Humidity

Factors that can affect coating performance

BS EN 927-1:2013

Paints and varnishes – Coating materials and coating systems for exterior wood Part1: Classification and selection

Exposure to wind driven rain

Exposure to wind driven rain

Exposure to wind driven rain

EN 927-1 Direction of Exposure (Orientation)

EN 927-1 Degree of Shelter

EN 927-1 Inclination of weathered surfaces

Decreasing the angle of exposure from vertical towards horizontal greatly increases the intensity of weathering for sheltered as well as not sheltered parts.

EN 927-1 Relative Exposure Conditions

18 year exposure trial

Summary

Long service life and low maintenance costs

Selection of material

Attention to details in design

Controlled factory processes

Optimum installation

Inspection and Maintenance before failure

Thank You

Any Questions