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The Worldwide Graphic Language for Design Chapter 1.
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Transcript of The Worldwide Graphic Language for Design Chapter 1.
![Page 1: The Worldwide Graphic Language for Design Chapter 1.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032522/56649d6b5503460f94a4aaad/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Worldwide Graphic Language for Design
Chapter 1
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2Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
Objectives
• Describe the role of drawings in the design process
• Contrast concurrent versus traditional design processes
• List five professions that use technical drawings
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3Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
Objectives (cont.)
• Describe four creativity techniques• Explain why standards are
important• Identify uses of the graphic
language
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4Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
Understanding the Role of Technical Drawings• Drawings and specifications
control details of:• Product manufacture• Assembly• Maintenance
• Technical drawings require use of standards to communicate worldwide
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5Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
Understanding the Role of Technical Drawings• Technical drawings can take many
forms including:• Idea or concept sketches• Computation sketches• Design sketches• Layout drawings• Part drawings
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6Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
Understanding the Role of Technical Drawings• Technical drawing forms (cont.)
• Working or construction drawings• Electrical drawings• Installation drawings• Assembly drawings
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7Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
Understanding the Role of Technical Drawings• Technical drawings typically serve
one of three purposes:• Visualization• Communication• Documentation
![Page 8: The Worldwide Graphic Language for Design Chapter 1.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032522/56649d6b5503460f94a4aaad/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
Understanding the Role of Technical Drawings• A wide variety of professions use
technical drawings to communicate and document designs including:• Civil engineering• Mechanical engineering• Electrical engineering• Landscape design• Landscape architecture
![Page 9: The Worldwide Graphic Language for Design Chapter 1.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032522/56649d6b5503460f94a4aaad/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
Understanding the Role of Technical Drawings• Professions that use technical
drawings (cont.)• Industrial design• Construction engineering and
technology• Patternmaking• Project management• Fabrication and manufacturing
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10Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
Artistic & Technical Drawings• Graphic representation has
developed along two distinct lines:• Artistic• Technical
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11Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
Artistic & Technical Drawings• Before other communication
methods developed, people informed themselves through visual means including pictures
• From earliest recorded history, drawings have been used to represent the design of objects to be built or constructed
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12Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
Artistic & Technical Drawings• Personal or cultural expression in
design is often referred to as aesthetic design
• Enhancing product development is considered functional design
• Aesthetics and function can work hand in hand to create appealing and functional products
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13Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
The Design Process
• The organized and orderly approach to solving problems is known as the design process
• The engineering design process addresses society’s needs, desires, and problems by applying scientific principles, experience and creativity
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14Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
The Design Process
• Different types of technical drawings, from hand sketches to CAD models, have specific functions in the engineering design process
• The procedure for designing products typically follows a process
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15Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
The Design Process
• Stages of the design process include:• Problem identification• Ideation• Refinement/analysis• Implementation/documentation
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16Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
The DesignProcess
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17Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
The Design Process
• Ideally, the design moves through these stages but it may be necessary to return to a previous stage and repeat the process
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18Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
Concurrent Engineering
• Traditionally, design and manufacturing activities have taken place in sequential order • Although this is a logical approach, in
practice it can often be wasteful• Concurrent engineering is a
systematic approach that integrates the design and manufacture of products with the goal of optimizing the process
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19Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
Concurrent Engineering
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20Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
Concurrent Engineering
• Life cycle design means that all aspects of a product are considered simultaneously• These aspects include:
• Design• Development• Production• Distribution• Use• Disposal and recycling
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21Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
Concurrent Engineering
• The basic goals of concurrent engineering are:• Minimize product design and engineering
changes• Reduce time and cost involved in taking
a product from design concept to production then introduction to the marketplace
• Communication between disciplines is especially important in this process
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22Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
Computer-Aided Design and Product Development• Product design often involves
preparing analytical and physical models of the product
• These models are used to study factors such as forces, stresses, deflections, and optimal part shape
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23Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
Computer-Aided Design and Product Development• The process of constructing and
studying analytical models can be simplified by using:• Computer-aided design (CAD)• Computer-aided engineering (CAE)• Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)
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24Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
Designing Quality Into Products• Quality may be designed into a
product in any number of systematic ways including:• DFSS – Design for Six Sigma• DMAIC – Define Measure Analyze
Improve Control• Six Sigma• QFD – Quality Function Deployment
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25Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
The Digital Database
• All the information to manage, design, analyze, simulate, package, market and manufacture a product can be shared with users through a single complex digital database
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26Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
The Digital Database
• Systems that electronically store the various types of data associated with design and manufacturing include:• PDM – product data management• EDM – enterprise data management
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27Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
The Digital Database
• Engineering change orders (ECOs), costs, and product revisions can be quickly analyzed, tracked, and implemented using PDM or EDM systems
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28Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
Engineering Design Stages
• Engineering Design Stage 1• Identify the customer and the
problem• Engineering Design Stage 2
• Generate concepts – this is often called the ideation stage
• Engineering Design Stage 3• Compromise solutions
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29Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
Engineering Design Stages
• Engineering Design Stage 4• Models and prototypes
• Parametric, constraint-based, or feature-based models use dimensions and constraints that create “intelligent” models
• As designs are modified, the model can be updated and new models do not have to be created
• Rapid prototyping• Allows parts to be created quickly and directly
from 3D models
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30Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
Engineering Design Stages
• Engineering Design Stage 5• Production or Working drawings
• The drawings show:• Necessary views• Material• Dimensions• Required tolerances• Notes• Other information to sufficiently describe a
part for manufacture
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31Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
Drafting Standards
• Standards are necessary to support a uniform, effective, graphic language that can be used in industry, manufacturing, engineering, and science
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32Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
Drafting Standards
• Groups in the United States who provide standards include:• ANSI – the American National
Standards Institute• ASEE – the American Society for
Engineering Education• SAE – the Society of Automotive
Engineers• ASME – the American Society of
Mechanical Engineers
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33Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
Drafting Standards
• International standards are often defined by the following groups:• ISO – International Standards
Organization• ASME• ANSI
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34Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
Creativity Techniques
• Examine manufactured products• Reverse engineering• Functional decomposition
• Study the natural world• Watch the Web• Research patent drawings• Design groups
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35Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
Product Definition
• Product definition is the range of digital or hard copy documents that specify the physical function requirements for a product• This can range from a 3D CAD model
that specifies manufacturing requirements within the CAD file to a dimensioned paper sketch
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36Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
Product Definition