The World’s PeopleThe World’s PeopleChapter 3 NotesChapter 3 Notes

GeographyGeography

Chapter 3 Objectives:Chapter 3 Objectives:

After studying this chapter you will be able to:After studying this chapter you will be able to:

1.1. Explain what makes up a people’s cultureExplain what makes up a people’s culture2.2. Discuss issues related to human population Discuss issues related to human population

and its growthand its growth3.3. Identify what resources are and explain why Identify what resources are and explain why

countries trade with one anothercountries trade with one another4.4. Describe how technology has changed the Describe how technology has changed the

world.world.

Chapter 3, Section 1Chapter 3, Section 1Understanding CultureUnderstanding Culture

1.1. CultureCulture- the way of life of people who share - the way of life of people who share similar beliefs and customssimilar beliefs and customs

Culture consists of: social groups, language, Culture consists of: social groups, language, religion, daily life, history, arts and type of religion, daily life, history, arts and type of governmentgovernment

Different governments include: Dictatorships, Different governments include: Dictatorships, democracy and monarchydemocracy and monarchy

Ethnic Group-Ethnic Group- a group of people who share a a group of people who share a common history, language, religion and some common history, language, religion and some physical characteristics.physical characteristics.

DialectDialect- a local form of a language that - a local form of a language that differs from the same language spoken in differs from the same language spoken in other areasother areas

2. Cultures do not remain the same, they change 2. Cultures do not remain the same, they change over time.over time.

Cultural Diffusion-Cultural Diffusion- the process of spreading the process of spreading new knowledge and skills to other culturesnew knowledge and skills to other cultures

Example: planting food and learning farming Example: planting food and learning farming techniques made early people stay in one placetechniques made early people stay in one place

CivilizationsCivilizations- highly developed cultures- highly developed cultures

Include: complex governments, religions and systems Include: complex governments, religions and systems of writingof writing

Culture Regions-Culture Regions- different countries that have different countries that have similar cultures in common.similar cultures in common.

Finished!Finished!

Chapter 3, Section 2Chapter 3, Section 2Population PatternsPopulation Patterns

1.1. The world’s population is growing.The world’s population is growing. Death rate has gone down (less people are dying) , Death rate has gone down (less people are dying) ,

Birth rate has gone up (more babies are being born)Birth rate has gone up (more babies are being born)

Death Rate-Death Rate- the number of people out of every 1,000 the number of people out of every 1,000 who die in a year.who die in a year.

Birth Rate-Birth Rate- the number of children born each year for the number of children born each year for every 1,000 people every 1,000 people

2. Where people live:2. Where people live: Population distribution-Population distribution- population is population is

not spread out evenly. People move to not spread out evenly. People move to places where important resources are places where important resources are found. found.

Population density-Population density- the average number the average number of people living in a square mile. of people living in a square mile.

3. More people are moving from villages into 3. More people are moving from villages into cities to find jobs.cities to find jobs. UrbanizationUrbanization-- movement into cities movement into cities

Movement also occurs between countries when Movement also occurs between countries when people people emigrateemigrate, or leave the country where , or leave the country where they were born and move to another.they were born and move to another.

RefugeesRefugees- People who flee to another country to - People who flee to another country to escape persecution or disasterescape persecution or disaster

Finished!!!Finished!!!

Chapter 3, Section 3Chapter 3, Section 3Resources and World TradeResources and World Trade

1.1. Natural resources-Natural resources- products of the earth that products of the earth that people use to meet their needs.people use to meet their needs.

Example: wind, water and oil provide energyExample: wind, water and oil provide energy

Renewable resources-Renewable resources- cannot be used up, or cannot be used up, or can be replaced naturally or grown againcan be replaced naturally or grown again

Ex. Wind, sunEx. Wind, sun

Nonrenewable resources-Nonrenewable resources- a limited supply, a limited supply, cannot be replacedcannot be replaced

Ex. Fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas)Ex. Fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas)

A country’s A country’s economic systemeconomic system sets rules for sets rules for deciding what goods and services to produce, deciding what goods and services to produce, how to produce them, and how they will how to produce them, and how they will receive them.receive them.

4 types of economies are: 4 types of economies are: Command Command economieseconomies, , market economiesmarket economies, , traditional traditional economieseconomies and and mixed economies.mixed economies.

2. World Trade- Resources are not distributed 2. World Trade- Resources are not distributed evenly around the world.evenly around the world.

Import-Import- to buy goods from another country to buy goods from another country

Export-Export- to trade goods to other countries to trade goods to other countries

3. Some countries try to manage trade to benefit their 3. Some countries try to manage trade to benefit their own country.own country.

TariffTariff- a tax added to the price of the goods that - a tax added to the price of the goods that are importedare imported

QuotaQuota- a number limit, on how many items of a - a number limit, on how many items of a particular product can be imported from a particular product can be imported from a particular country.particular country.

Free trade- removes trade barriers so that goods Free trade- removes trade barriers so that goods flow freely among countriesflow freely among countries

4. Differences in development4. Differences in development

Developed countries-Developed countries- a country in which a a country in which a great deal of manufacturing is carried out.great deal of manufacturing is carried out.

Developing country-Developing country- a country that is a country that is working toward industrializationworking toward industrialization

Read Pages 92-96.Read Pages 92-96.Answer the questions in complete sentences.Answer the questions in complete sentences.

1.Define: 1.Define: Traditional EconomyTraditional Economy, , Market Market EconomyEconomy, , Mixed Economy Mixed Economy and and Command Command EconomyEconomy

2. What is free enterprise?2. What is free enterprise?

3. Why do developing countries want more 3. Why do developing countries want more industry?industry?

Chapter 3, Section 4Chapter 3, Section 4Our Shrinking WorldOur Shrinking World

1. Effects of technology on the world1. Effects of technology on the world Transportation technology- today people can Transportation technology- today people can

travel to far away places much faster and travel to far away places much faster and easier than they used to.easier than they used to.

Communication technology- People can now Communication technology- People can now communicate faster.communicate faster.

2. 2. Globalization- Globalization- the development of a world culture in the development of a world culture in an interdependent world economyan interdependent world economy

We must be involved citizens and be concerned with We must be involved citizens and be concerned with public affairs of our communitiespublic affairs of our communities

Rights-Rights- benefits and protections that are guaranteed to you benefits and protections that are guaranteed to you by law.by law.

Responsibilities-Responsibilities- duties that you owe to other citizens and duties that you owe to other citizens and your government.your government.

Interdependence-Interdependence- When countries depend on When countries depend on one another for foods, raw materials to make one another for foods, raw materials to make goods and markets in which to sell their goods.goods and markets in which to sell their goods.

Events around the world have a rippling effect Events around the world have a rippling effect because of ibecause of interdependencenterdependence..

Chapter 3 ReviewChapter 3 ReviewWrite and Answer the questions !Write and Answer the questions !

1. Why are people unevenly distributed around the 1. Why are people unevenly distributed around the world?world?

A.A. People prefer to live in warm areas near the equator People prefer to live in warm areas near the equator

BB. People tend to cluster in places that have rich soil, . People tend to cluster in places that have rich soil, fresh water, and mild climatesfresh water, and mild climates

CC. Mostly people live in regions that have coal and iron . Mostly people live in regions that have coal and iron ore depositsore deposits

DD. People generally live in cultural regions that value . People generally live in cultural regions that value individual achievement individual achievement

2.2.

What kind of government structure does the U.S. What kind of government structure does the U.S. have?have?

A. MonarchyA. Monarchy

B. DemocracyB. Democracy

C. Unitary systemC. Unitary system

D. Capitalist systemD. Capitalist system

3.3.

What is our most important renewable energy What is our most important renewable energy source?source?

A. SoilA. Soil

B. Fossil fuelsB. Fossil fuels

C. CoalC. Coal

D. The SunD. The Sun

4.4.

Which statement explains why water, forests and Which statement explains why water, forests and wild life are renewable resources?wild life are renewable resources?

AA. They can be continually replenished by nature. They can be continually replenished by nature

BB. They are not replaced by nature after being used. They are not replaced by nature after being used

C. They are not being used up as quickly as C. They are not being used up as quickly as nonrenewable resourcesnonrenewable resources

5.5. All of the following are accurate statements about All of the following are accurate statements about

nonrenewable resources nonrenewable resources exceptexcept::

A. Nonrenewable resources are minerals formed in the A. Nonrenewable resources are minerals formed in the earths crust by geologic forces over millions of years earths crust by geologic forces over millions of years agoago

B. Non renewable resources can be replaced when they B. Non renewable resources can be replaced when they are usedare used

C. Supplies of nonrenewable resources vary greatlyC. Supplies of nonrenewable resources vary greatlyD. Coal, oil and natural gas are among the most D. Coal, oil and natural gas are among the most

important nonrenewable mineral resourcesimportant nonrenewable mineral resources

6. 6.

People who flee to another country to escape People who flee to another country to escape persecution or disaster are calledpersecution or disaster are called

A. ImmigrantsA. Immigrants

B. RefugeesB. Refugees

C. TravelersC. Travelers

D. NomadsD. Nomads

7.7.

Three major components of culture are Three major components of culture are language, religion and __________.language, religion and __________.

A. AnimalsA. Animals

B. Daily lifeB. Daily life

C. RulersC. Rulers

D. Where the county is locatedD. Where the county is located

8.8.

Two examples of renewable resources areTwo examples of renewable resources are

A. Oil and coalA. Oil and coal

B. Soil and waterB. Soil and water

C. Natural gas and uraniumC. Natural gas and uranium

D. Aluminum and copperD. Aluminum and copper

9.9.

Which of the following is Which of the following is notnot an accurate statement an accurate statement about traditional economies?about traditional economies?

AA. They are most common in rural parts of less . They are most common in rural parts of less developed nationsdeveloped nations

BB. They generally produce little surplus goods. They generally produce little surplus goodsCC. Decisions on what to charge for goods are made by . Decisions on what to charge for goods are made by

the local governmentthe local governmentDD. Most goods produced are consumed by the people . Most goods produced are consumed by the people

who produce them and are within a small geographic who produce them and are within a small geographic areaarea

10. 10.

Our “shrinking” earth refers to:Our “shrinking” earth refers to:

AA. The planet getting smaller. The planet getting smaller

BB. The increase in technology . The increase in technology

CC. The population getting larger. The population getting larger

D. People living in smaller houses than before. People living in smaller houses than before