The World Factbook - Canada

8/21/2019 The World Factbook - Canada

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CANADA

Introduction :: CANADA

Geography :: CANADA

NORTH AMERICA :: CANADA

PAGE LAST UPDATED ON JUNE 11, 2015

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Background:

A la nd of v as t di s ta nc es an d r ic h na tu r al r es ou r c es , Ca na da be c am e a s el f- go v er ni ng do mi ni on in 18 67 , wh ile r et ai ni ng

ties to the Brit ish crown. Economically and technologically, the nation has developed in parallel with the US, its neighbor to

the south across the world's longest unfort if ied border. Canada faces the polit ical challenges of meeting public demands for

quality improvements in health care, education, social services, and economic competit iveness, as well as responding tothe part icular concerns of predominantly francophone Quebec. Canada also aims to develop its diverse energy resources

while maintaining its c ommitment to the environment.

Location:

Northern North America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean on the east, North Pacif ic Ocean on the west, and the

Ar c ti c O c ea n on th e no r th , no r th of th e c on te r min ou s US

Geographic coordinates:

60 00 N, 95 00 W

Map references:

North America

Area:

total: 9,984,670 sq km

land: 9,093,507 sq km

water: 891,163 sq km

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People and Society :: CANADA

country comparison to the world: 2

Area - comparative:

slightly larger than the US

Land boundaries:

total: 8,893 km

border countries (1): US 8,893 km (includes 2,477 km with Alaska)

note: Canada is the world's largest country that borders only one country

Coastline:

202,080 km

Maritime claims:

territorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental marginClimate:

varies from temperate in south to subarct ic and arct ic in north

Terrain:

mostly plains with mountains in west and lowlands in southeast

Elevation extremes:

lowest point: At la nt ic O c ea n 0 m

highest point: Mount Logan 5,959 m

Natural resources:

iron ore, nickel, zinc, copper, gold, lead, rare earth elements, molybdenum, potash, diamonds, si lver, f ish, t imber,

wildlife, coal, petroleum, natural gas, hydropower

Land use:

agricultural land: 6.8%

arable land 4.7%; permanent crops 0.5%; permanent pasture 1.6%

forest: 34.1%

other: 59.1% (2011 est.)

Irrigated land:

8,699 sq km (2004)Total renewable water resources:

2,902 cu km (2011)

Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):

total: 42.2 cu km/yr (20%/70%/10%)

per capita: 1,589 cu m/yr (2010)

Natural hazards:

continuous permafrost in north is a serious obstacle to development; cyclonic storms form east of the Rocky

Mountains, a result of the mixing of air masses from the Arct ic, Pacif ic, and North American interior, and produce most of

the country's rain and snow east of the mountains

volcanism: the vast majority of volcanoes in Western Canada's Coast Mountains remain dormant

Environment - current issues:

metal smelt ing, coal-burning ut i l i t ies, and vehicle emissions impacting on agricultural and forest productivity; air

pollut ion and result ing acid rain severely affect ing lakes and damaging forests; ocean waters becoming contaminated due to

agricultural, industrial, mining, and forestry act ivit ies

Environment - international agreements:

party to: Ai r Po llu ti on , Ai r Po llu ti on - Ni tr og en O x id es , Air Pol lu ti on - Pe r s is te nt O r ga ni c Po llu ta nt s , Air Po llu ti on - Su lf ur

85, Air Pollut ion-Sulfur 94, Antarct ic-Environmental Protocol, Antarct ic-Marine Living Resources, Antarct ic Seals, Antarct ic

Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desert if icat ion, Endangered Species, Environmental Modif icat ion, Hazardous Wastes,

Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollut ion, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified: Air Po llu ti on - Vol at ile O r ga ni c Co mp ou nd s , Ma r in e Li fe Co ns er v at io n

Geography - note:

second-largest country in world (after Russia) and largest in the Americas; strategic location between Russia and US

via north polar route; approximately 90% of the populat ion is concentrated within 160 km (100 mi) of the US border; Canada

has more fresh water than any other country and almost 9% of Canadian territory is water; Canada has at least 2 mil l ion

and possibly over 3 mil l ion lakes - that is more than all other countries combined

Nationality:

noun: Canadian(s)

adjective: Canadian

Ethnic groups:

Canadian 32.2%, English 19.8%, French 15.5%, Scott ish 14.4%, Irish 13.8%, German 9.8%, I talian 4.5%, Chinese

4.5%, North American Indian 4.2%, other 50.9%

note: percentages add up to more than 100% because respondents were able to identify more than one ethnic origin (2011

est.)

Languages:

English (off icial) 58.7%, French (off icial) 22%, Punjabi 1.4%, I talian 1.3%, Spanish 1.3%, German 1.3%, Cantonese

1.2%, Tagalog 1.2%, Arabic 1.1%, other 10.5% (2011 est.)

Religions:

Catholic 40.6% (includes Roman Catholic 38.8%, Orthodox 1.6%, other Catholic .2%), Protestant 20.3% (includes

United Church 6.1%, Anglican 5%, Baptist 1.9%, Lutheran 1.5%, Pentecostal 1.5%, Presbyterian 1.4%, other Protestant

2.9%), other Christ ian 6.3%, Muslim 3.2%, Hindu 1.5%, Sikh 1.4%, Buddhist 1.1%, Jewish 1%, other 0.6%, none 23.9%

(2011 est.)

Population:

34,834,841 (July 2014 est.)


Age structure:

0-14 years: 15.5% (male 2,764,691/female 2,628,413)

https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2202.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2020.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2111.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2110.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2098.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2059&term=Climatehttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2075&term=Ethnic%20groupshttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2202&term=Freshwater%20withdrawal%20(domestic/industrial/agricultural)https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2096.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2021.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2098&term=Languageshttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2033&term=Environment%20-%20international%20agreementshttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2097&term=Land%20usehttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2201&term=Total%20renewable%20water%20resourceshttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2032&term=Environment%20-%20current%20issueshttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2146.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2023&term=Area%20-%20comparativehttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2125.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2201.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2020&term=Elevation%20extremeshttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2096&term=Land%20boundarieshttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2146&term=Irrigated%20landhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2060&term=Coastlinehttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2023.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2113&term=Geography%20-%20notehttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2075.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2032.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2033.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2010&term=Age%20structurehttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2111&term=Natural%20resourceshttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2010.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2097.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2119&term=Populationhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2119.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2106.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2110&term=Nationalityhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2125&term=Terrainhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2021&term=Natural%20hazardshttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2059.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2113.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2060.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2122&term=Religionshttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2106&term=Maritime%20claims


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25-54 years: 41% (male 7,244,109/female 7,052,512)


65 years and over: 17.3% (male 2,670,482/female 3,348,434) ( 2014 est.)

population pyramid: Dependency ratios:

total dependency ratio: 47.2%

youth dependency ratio: 24.2%

elderly dependency ratio: 22.9%

potential support ratio: 4.4% (2014 est.)

Median age:

total: 41.7 years

male: 40.4 yearsfemale: 42.9 years (2014 est.)

Population growth rate:

0.76% (2014 est.)

country comparison to the world: 14 4

Birth rate:

10.29 births/1,000 populat ion (2014 est.)


Death rate:

8.31 deaths/1,000 populat ion (2014 est.)


Net migration rate:

5.66 migrant(s)/1,000 populat ion (2014 est.)


Urbanization:

urban pop ulation: 81.6% of total population (2014)

rate of urbanization: 1.22% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

Major urban areas - population:Toronto 5.901 mill ion; Montreal 3.948 mill ion; Vancouver 2.447 mill ion; Calgary 1.309 mill ion; OT TAWA (capital) 1.306

million; Edmonton 1.246 million (2014)

Sex ratio:

at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female

0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female




65 years and over: 0.79 male(s)/female

total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2014 est.)

Mother's mean age at first birth:

28.1 (2011 est.)

Maternal mortality rate:

11 deaths/100,000 l ive births (2013 est.)


Infant mortality rate:

total: 4.71 deaths/1,000 l ive births

male: 5.04 deaths/1,000 l ive births

female: 4.37 deaths/1,000 l ive births (2014 est.)


Life expectancy at birth:

total population: 81.67 years

male: 79.07 years

female: 84.42 years (2014 est.)


Total fertility rate:

1.59 children born/woman (2014 est.)


Health expenditures:

10.9% of GDP (2013)


Physicians density:

2.07 physic ians/1,000 populat ion (2010)

Hospital bed density:

2.7 beds/1,000 populat ion (2010)

Drinking water source:

improved:

urban: 100% of populat ion

rural: 99% of populat ion

total: 99.8% of population

unimproved:



total: 0.2% of populat ion (2012 est.)

Sanitation facility access:

improved:



total: 99.8% of population

https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2223&term=Maternal%20mortality%20ratehttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2127.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2226&term=Physicians%20densityhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2219.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2002rank.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2127rank.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2212.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2091rank.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2018&term=Sex%20ratiohttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2091&term=Infant%20mortality%20ratehttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2261&term=Dependency%20ratioshttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2002&term=Population%20growth%20ratehttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2225.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2225&term=Health%20expenditureshttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2216&term=Drinking%20water%20sourcehttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2227&term=Hospital%20bed%20densityhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2225rank.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2127&term=Total%20fertility%20ratehttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2018.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2112&term=Net%20migration%20ratehttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2102&term=Life%20expectancy%20at%20birthhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2066&term=Death%20ratehttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2219&term=Major%20urban%20areas%20-%20populationhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2261.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2256&term=Motherhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2091.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2212&term=Urbanizationhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2066.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2102rank.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2227.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2054&term=Birth%20ratehttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2226.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2002.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2066rank.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2054rank.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2216.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2223rank.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2177&term=Median%20agehttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2256.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2223.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2112.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2102.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2177.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2054.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2112rank.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2217.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2217&term=Sanitation%20facility%20access


4/10

Government :: CANADA

unimproved:



total: 0.2% of populat ion (2012 est.)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:

NA

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:

NA

HIV/AIDS - deaths:

fewer than 400 (2013 est.)


Obesity - adult prevalence rate:

30.1% (2014)

country comparison to the world: 48Education expenditures:

5.3% of GDP (2011)


Unemployment, youth ages 15-24:

total: 14.3%

male: 15.9%

female: 12.6% (2012 est.)


Country name:

conventional long form: none

conventional short form: Canada

note: the country name is derived from the St. Lawrence Iroquoian word "kanata" meaning vil lage or sett lement

Government type:

a parliamentary democracy, a federation, and a constitut ional monarchyCapital:

name: Ottawa

geographic coordinates: 45 25 N, 75 42 W

time difference: UTC-5 (same t ime as Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

daylight saving time: +1hr, begins second Sunday in March; ends f irst Sunday in November

note: Canada has six t ime zones

Administrative divisions:

10 provinces and 3 territories*; Alberta, Brit ish Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador,

Northwest Territories*, Nova Scotia, Nunavut*, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Saskatchewan, Yukon*

Independence:

1 July 1867 (union of Brit ish North American colonies); 11 December 1931 (recognized by UK per Statute of

Westminster)

National holiday:

Canada Day, 1 July (1867)

Constitution:

made up of unwrit ten and writ ten acts, customs, judicial decisions, and tradit ions dating from 1763; the writ ten part of

the constitut ion consists of the Constitut ion Act of 29 March 1867, which created a federation of four provinces, and theConstitut ion Act of 17 April 1982; several amendments to the 1982 Constitut ion Act, last in 2011 (2011)

Legal system:

common law system except in Quebec, where civil law based on the French civil code prevails

International law organization participation:

accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdict ion with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdict ion

Suffrage:

18 years of age; universal

Executive branch:

head of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General David Lloyd

J O HNS T O N ( s i n c e 1 O c t o b e r 2 0 1 0 )

head of government: Prime Minister Stephen Joseph HARPER (since 6 February 2006)

cabinet: Federal Ministry chosen by the prime minister usually from among the members of his own party sit t ing in

Parliament

elections: the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister

generally for a f ive-year term; following legislat ive elect ions, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority

coalit ion in the House of Commons is generally designated prime minister by the governor general; note - the term for

Governor General David Lloyd JOHNSTON has been extended to September 2017

Legislative branch:

description: bicameral Parliament or Parlement consists of the Senate or Senat (105 seats; members appointed by

the governor general on the advice of the prime minister and can serve unti l age 75) and the House of Commons or Chambre

des Communes (308 seats; members direct ly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve a

maximum of 4-year terms)

elections: House of Commons - last held on 2 May 2011 (next to be held no later than 19 October 2015)

election results: House of Commons - percent of vote by party - Conservative Party 39.6%, NDP 30.6%, Liberal Party

18.9%, Bloc Quebecois 6%, Greens 3.9%; seats by party - Conservative Party 166, NDP 103, Liberal Party 34, Bloc

Quebecois 4, Greens 1

Judicial branch:

highest court(s): Supreme Court of Canada (consists of the chief just ice and 8 judges); note - in 1949, Canada

finally abolished all appeals beyond its Supreme Court to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council ( in London)

judge selection and term of office: chief just ice and judges appointed by the prime minister in council; al l judges

appointed for l i fe with mandatory ret irement at age 75

subordinate courts: federal level: Federal Court of Appeal; Federal Court; Tax Court; federal administrat ive tribunals;

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5/10

Economy :: CANADA

courts mart ial; provincial/ territorial: provincial superior, appeals, f irst instance, and specialized courts; in 1999, the Nunavut

Court - a circuit court with the power of a superior court and the territorial courts - was established to serve isolated

sett lements

Political parties and leaders:

Bloc Quebecois [Mario BEAULIEU]

Conservative Party of Canada [Stephen HARPER]

Green Party [Elizabeth MAY]

Liberal Party [Justin TRUDEAU]

New Democratic Party or NDP [Thomas MULCAIR]

Political pressure groups and leaders:

other: agricultural sector; automobile industry; business groups; chemical industry; commercial banks;

communications sector; energy industry; environmentalists; public administrat ion groups; steel industry; trade unions

International organization participation:

AD B ( no nr eg io na l me mb er ) , Af DB ( no nr eg io na l me mb er ) , AP EC , Ar c ti c Co un c il, AR F , ASE AN ( di al og ue pa r tn er ) , Au s tr al ia Gr ou p, BI S, C, CD , CD B, CE ( ob s er v er ) , EAP C, EBR D, EI TI ( imp le me nt in g c ou nt r y ) , F AO , FA T F, G - 7, G- 8, G - 10 ,

G-20, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO,

ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSTAH, MONUSCO, NAFTA,

NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS, OECD, OIF, OPCW, OSCE, Pacif ic All iance (observer), Paris Club, PCA, PIF (partner), UN,

UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNMISS, UNRWA, UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO,

ZC

Diplomatic representation in the US:

chief of mission: Amb as s ad or G ar y DO ER ( s in c e 23 O c to be r 20 09 )

chancery: 501 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20001

telephone: [1] (202) 682-1740

FAX: [1] (202) 682-7726

consulate(s) general: At la nt a, Bo s to n, Ch ic ag o, Da lla s , De nv er , De tr oit , Lo s An ge le s , Mi am i, Mi nn ea po lis , Ne w Yo r k , Sa n

Francisco/Sil icon Valley, Seatt le

Trade office(s): Houston, Palo Alto (CA), San Diego

Diplomatic representation from the US:

chief of mission: Amb as s ad or Br uc e A. HE YM AN ( s in c e 8 Ap r il 20 14 )

embassy: 490 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 1G8mailing address: P. O. Box 5000, Ogdensburg, NY 13669-0430; P.O. Box 866, Stat ion B, Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5T1

telephone: [1] (613) 688-5335

FAX: [1] (613) 688-3082

consulate(s) general: Calgary, Halifax, Montreal, Quebec City, Toronto, Vancouver, Winnipeg

Flag description:

two vert ical bands of red (hoist and f ly side, half width) with white square between them; an 11-pointed red maple leaf

is centered in the white square; the maple leaf has long been a Canadian symbol

National symbol(s):

maple leaf, beaver; national colors: red, white

National anthem:

name: "O Canada"

lyrics/music: Ad ol ph e- Ba s ile RO UT HI ER [F r en c h] , Ro be r t St an le y WEI R [E ng lis h] /C al ix a LA VAL LEE

note: adopted 1980; originally writ ten in 1880, "O Canada" served as an unoff icial anthem many years before its off icial

adoption; the anthem has French and English versions whose lyrics dif fer; as a Commonwealth realm, in addit ion to the

national anthem, "God Save the Queen" serves as the royal anthem (see United Kingdom)

Economy - overview:

As a hi gh - te c h in du s tr ia l s oc ie ty in th e tr ill ion - do lla r c la s s , Ca na da r es em bl es th e US in it s ma r k et - or ie nt ed ec on om ic

system, pattern of production, and high l iving standards. Since World War I I , the impressive growth of the manufacturing,

mining, and service sectors has transformed the nation from a largely rural economy into one primarily industrial and urban.

The 1989 US-Canada Free Trade Agreement (FTA) and the 1994 North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) (which

includes Mexico) touched off a dramatic increase in trade and economic integration with the US, its principal trading

partner. Canada enjoys a substantial trade surplus with the US, which absorbs about three-fourths of Canadian

merchandise exports each year. Canada is the US's largest foreign supplier of energy, including oil, gas, and electric

power, and a top source of US uranium imports. Given its abundant natural resources, highly skil led labor force, and

modern capital plant, Canada enjoyed solid economic growth from 1993 through 2007. Buffeted by the global economic

crisis, the economy dropped into a sharp recession in the f inal months of 2008, and Ottawa posted its f irst f iscal deficit in

2009 after 12 years of surplus. Canada's major banks, however, emerged from the f inancial crisis of 2008-09 among the

strongest in the world, owing to the early intervention by the Bank of Canada and the f inancial sector's tradit ion of

conservative lending practices and strong capitalizat ion. Canada achieved marginal growth in 2010-14 and plans to balance

the budget by 2015 despite the recent drop in oil prices. In addit ion, the country's petroleum sector is rapidly expanding,

because Alberta's oil sands signif icantly boosted Canada's proven oil reserves. Canada now ranks third in the world in

proved oil reserves behind Saudi Arabia and Venezuela and is the world’s f if th-largest oil producer.

GDP (purchasing power parity):

$1.579 tri l l ion (2014 est.)

$1.544 tri l l ion (2013 est.)

$1.513 tri l l ion (2012 est.)

note: data are in 2014 US dollars


GDP (official exchange rate):

$1.794 tri l l ion (2014 est.)

GDP - real growth rate:

2.3% (2014 est.)

2% (2013 est.)

1.7% (2012 est.)

1:18

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6/10


GDP - per capita (PPP):

$44,500 (2014 est.)

$44,000 (2013 est.)

$43,600 (2012 est.)

note: data are in 2013 US dollars


Gross national saving:

21.2% of GDP (2014 est.)

21.1% of GDP (2013 est.)

21.2% of GDP (2012 est.)


GDP - composition, by end use:

household consumption: 56.2%government consumption: 21.4%

investment in fixed capital: 24.1%

investment in inventories: 0.3%

exports of goods and services: 30.9%

imports of goods and services: -33%

(2014 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin:

agriculture: 1.7%

industry: 28.2%

services: 70.1% (2014 est.)

Agriculture - products:

wheat, barley, oilseed, tobacco, fruits, vegetables; dairy products; f ish; forest products

Industries:

transportat ion equipment, chemicals, processed and unprocessed minerals, food products, wood and paper products,

f ish products, petroleum, natural gas

Industrial production growth rate:

2% (2014 est.)country comparison to the world: 13 2

Labor force:

19.21 million (2014 est.)


Labor force - by occupation:

agriculture: 2%

manufacturing: 13 %

construction: 6%

services: 76 %

other: 3% (2006 est.)

Unemployment rate:

6.9% (2014 est.)

7.1% (2013 est.)


Population below poverty line:

9.4%

note: this f igure is the Low Income Cut-Off (LICO), a calculat ion that results in higher f igures than found in many

comparable economies; Canada does not have an off icial poverty l ine (2008)

Household income or consumption by percentage share:

lowest 10%: 2.6%

highest 10%: 24.8% (2000)

Distribution of family income - Gini index:

32.1 (2005)

31.5 (1994)


Budget:

revenues: $675.1 billion

expenditures: $717.1 bil l ion (2014 es t.)

Taxes and other revenues:

37.6% of GDP (2014 est.)


Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):

-2.3% of GDP (2014 est.)


Public debt:

92.6% of GDP (2014 est.)

93.5% of GDP (2013 est.)

note: f igures are for gross general government debt, as opposed to net federal debt; gross general government debt

includes both intragovernmental debt and the debt of public entit ies at the sub-national level


Fiscal year:

1 April - 31 March

Inflation rate (consumer prices):

2% (2014 est.)

1% (2013 est.)

Central bank discount rate:

1% (31 December 2010)

0.25% (31 December 2009)


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7/10

Energy :: CANADA

Commercial bank prime lending rate:

3% (31 December 2014 est.)

3% (31 December 2013 est.)


Stock of narrow money:

$661.5 bil l ion (31 December 2014 est.)



Stock of broad money:

$1.486 tri l l ion (31 December 2014 est.)



Stock of domestic credit:

$3.031 tri l l ion (31 December 2014 est.)$3.044 tri l l ion (31 December 2013 est.)


Market value of publicly traded shares:


$1.907 tri l l ion (31 December 2011)



Current account balance:

-$50.8 bil l ion (2014 est.)

-$58.54 bil l ion (2013 est.)


Exports:

$465.1 bil l ion (2014 est.)

$465.5 bil l ion (2013 est.)


Exports - commodities:

motor vehicles and parts, industrial machinery, aircraft, telecommunications equipment; chemicals, plast ics, fert i l izers;wood pulp, t imber, crude petroleum, natural gas, electricity, aluminum

Exports - partners:

US 75.8%, China 4.3% (2013)

Imports:

$482.1 bil l ion (2014 est.)

$472.6 bil l ion (2013 est.)


Imports - commodities:

machinery and equipment, motor vehicles and parts, crude oil, chemicals, electricity, durable consumer goods

Imports - partners:

US 52.1%, China 11.1%, Mexico 5.6% (2013)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:




Debt - external:




Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:




Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:




Exchange rates:

Canadian dollars (CAD) per US dollar -

1.099 (2014 est.)

1.0298 (2013 est.)

1 (2012 est.)

0.9895 (2011 est.)

1.0302 (2010 est.)

Electricity - production:

644.1 bil l ion kWh (2012 est.)


Electricity - consumption:



Electricity - exports:



Electricity - imports:



https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2211.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2232&term=Electricity%20-%20productionhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2187rank.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2049&term=Exports%20-%20commoditieshttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2215&term=Stock%20of%20broad%20moneyhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2187&term=Current%20account%20balancehttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2079&term=Debt%20-%20externalhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2198.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2234&term=Electricity%20-%20exportshttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2208rank.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2214.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2087&term=Importshttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2214&term=Stock%20of%20narrow%20moneyhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2078rank.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2208&term=Commercial%20bank%20prime%20lending%20ratehttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2215rank.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2198&term=Stock%20of%20direct%20foreign%20investment%20-%20at%20homehttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2235rank.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2058.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2078&term=Exportshttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2199.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2235.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2232rank.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2087rank.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2050&term=Exports%20-%20partnershttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2233rank.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2211&term=Stock%20of%20domestic%20credithttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2078.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2233&term=Electricity%20-%20consumptionhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2215.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2232.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2061&term=Imports%20-%20partnershttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2198rank.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2188.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2188&term=Reserves%20of%20foreign%20exchange%20and%20goldhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2234rank.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2200.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2233.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2188rank.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2058&term=Imports%20-%20commoditieshttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2079.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2208.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2061.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2235&term=Electricity%20-%20importshttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2187.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2214rank.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2199rank.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2076&term=Exchange%20rateshttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2087.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2049.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2076.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2199&term=Stock%20of%20direct%20foreign%20investment%20-%20abroadhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2200rank.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2234.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2211rank.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2200&term=Market%20value%20of%20publicly%20traded%20shareshttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2050.html#ca


8/10

Communications :: CANADA

Electricity - installed generating capacity:

138.6 mill ion kW (2011 est.)


Electricity - from fossil fuels:

31.3% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)


Electricity - from nuclear fuels:



Electricity - from hydroelectric plants:



Electricity - from other renewable sources:

5.5% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)country comparison to the world: 52

Crude oil - production:

4.001 mill ion bbl/day ( 2013 est.)


Crude oil - proved reserves:

173.2 bil l ion bbl (1 January 2014 est.)


Refined petroleum products - production:



Refined petroleum products - consumption:

2.39 mill ion bbl/day (2013 est.)


Refined petroleum products - exports:



Refined petroleum products - imports:238,900 bbl/day (2010 est.)


Natural gas - production:

145.2 bil l ion cu m (2013 est.)


Natural gas - consumption:



Natural gas - exports:



Natural gas - imports:



Natural gas - proved reserves:

1.889 tri l l ion cu m (1 January 2014 est.)


Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy:

550.8 mill ion Mt (2012 est.)

Telephones - main lines in use:

18.01 million (2012)


Telephones - mobile cellular:

26.263 million (2012)


Telephone system:

general assessment: excellent service provided by modern technology

domestic: domestic satell i te system with about 300 earth stat ions

international: country code - 1; submarine cables provide l inks to the US and Europe; satell i te earth stat ions - 7 (5

Intelsat - 4 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Pacif ic Ocean, and 2 Intersputnik - At lantic Ocean region) (2011)

Broadcast media:

2 public TV broadcasting networks each with a large number of network aff i l iates; several private-commercial

networks also with mult iple network aff i l iates; overall, about 150 TV stat ions; mult i-channel satell i te and cable systems

provide access to a wide range of stat ions including US stat ions; mix of public and commercial radio broadcasters with the

Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC), the public radio broadcaster, operating 4 radio networks, Radio Canada

International, and radio services to indigenous populat ions in the north; roughly 2,000 l icensed radio stat ions in Canada

(2008)

Radio broadcast stations:

AM 24 5, FM 58 2, s ho r tw av e 6 ( 20 04 )

Television broadcast stations:

148 (2007)

Internet country code:

.c a

Internet hosts:

8.743 million (2012)


https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2246.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2239.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2252&term=Natural%20gas%20-%20importshttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2151.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2150.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2241.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2244.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2248.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2239rank.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2237rank.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2240&term=Electricity%20-%20from%20other%20renewable%20sourceshttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2237&term=Electricity%20-%20from%20fossil%20fuelshttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2250rank.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2150rank.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2247rank.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2250.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2247.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2150&term=Telephones%20-%20main%20lines%20in%20usehttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2154&term=Internet%20country%20codehttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2249.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2237.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2213&term=Broadcast%20mediahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2246rank.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2245&term=Refined%20petroleum%20products%20-%20productionhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2252.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2247&term=Refined%20petroleum%20products%20-%20exportshttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2213.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2151&term=Telephones%20-%20mobile%20cellularhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2244rank.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2245.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2240.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2253rank.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2241rank.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2250&term=Natural%20gas%20-%20consumptionhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2124.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2184&term=Internet%20hostshttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2236rank.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2249rank.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2252rank.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2249&term=Natural%20gas%20-%20productionhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2184.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2238rank.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2238&term=Electricity%20-%20from%20hydroelectric%20plantshttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2236&term=Electricity%20-%20installed%20generating%20capacityhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2245rank.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2246&term=Refined%20petroleum%20products%20-%20consumptionhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2013&term=Radio%20broadcast%20stationshttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2239&term=Electricity%20-%20from%20nuclear%20fuelshttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2154.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2238.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2254&term=Carbon%20dioxide%20emissions%20from%20consumption%20of%20energyhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2241&term=Crude%20oil%20-%20productionhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2254.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2253&term=Natural%20gas%20-%20proved%20reserveshttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2151rank.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2184rank.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2124&term=Telephone%20systemhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2015&term=Television%20broadcast%20stationshttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2248rank.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2248&term=Refined%20petroleum%20products%20-%20importshttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2015.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2253.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2236.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2244&term=Crude%20oil%20-%20proved%20reserveshttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2013.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2240rank.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2251.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2251&term=Natural%20gas%20-%20exportshttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2251rank.html#ca


9/10

Transportation :: CANADA

Military :: CANADA

Internet users:

26.96 million (2009)


Airports:

1,467 (2013)


Airports - with paved runways:

total: 52 3

over 3,047 m: 21

2,438 to 3,047 m: 19

1,524 to 2,437 m: 14 7914 to 1,523 m: 25 7

under 914 m: 79 (2013)

Airports - with unpaved runways:

total: 94 4

1,524 to 2,437 m: 75

914 to 1,523 m: 38 5

under 914 m:

484 (2013)

Heliports:

26 (2013)

Pipelines:

gas and l iguid petroleum 100,000 km (2013)

Railways:

total: 46,552 km

standard gauge: 46,552 km 1.435-m gauge (2008)


Roadways:total: 1,042,300 km

paved: 415,600 km (includes 17,000 km of expressways)

unpaved: 626,700 km (2008)


Waterways:

636 km (Saint Lawrence Seaway of 3,769 km, including the Saint Lawrence River of 3,058 km, shared with United

States) (2011)


Merchant marine:

total: 18 1

by type: bulk carrier 62, cargo 15, carrier 1, chemical tanker 15, combination ore/oil 1, container 2, passenger 5,

passenger/cargo 63, petroleum tanker 11, roll on/roll off 6

foreign-owned: 19 (Estonia 1, France 1, Netherlands 1, Norway 4, Sweden 2, US 10)

registered in other countries: 225 (Australia 5, Bahamas 96, Barbados 11, Cambodia 2, Cyprus 2, Honduras 1, Hong

Kong 77, Liberia 2, Malta 5, Marshall Islands 8, Norway 1, Panama 6, Spain 4, Vanuatu 5) (2010)


Ports and terminals:major seaport(s): Halifax, Saint John (New Brunswick), Vancouver

river and lake port(s): Montreal, Quebec City, Sept-Isles (St. Lawrence); Fraser River Port (Fraser); Hamilton (Lake

Ontario)

oil/gas terminal(s): Lower Lakes terminal

dry bulk cargo port(s): Port-Cart ier (iron ore and grain),

container port(s): Montreal (1,362,975), Vancouver (2,507,032)(2011)

LNG terminal(s) (import): Saint John

Military branches:

Canadian Forces: Canadian Army, Royal Canadian Navy, Royal Canadian Air Force, Canada Command (homeland

s e c u r i t y ) ( 2 0 1 1)

Military service age and obligation:

17 years of age for voluntary male and female military service (with parental consent); 16 years of age for Reserve

and Military College applicants; Canadian cit izenship or permanent residence status required; maximum 34 years of age;

service obligation 3-9 years (2012)Manpower available for military service:

males age 16-49: 8,031,266

females age 16-49: 7,755,550 (2010 est.)

Manpower fit for military service:

males age 16-49: 6,633,472

females age 16-49: 6,389,669 (2010 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:

male: 218,069

female: 206,195 (2010 est.)

Military expenditures:

1% of GDP (2013)

1.24% of GDP (2012)

1.31% of GDP (2011)

1.24% of GDP (2010)


https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2105&term=Manpower%20available%20for%20military%20servicehttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2025&term=Manpower%20fit%20for%20military%20servicehttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2105.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2053rank.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2026.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2030.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2153rank.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2117.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2031&term=Airports%20-%20with%20unpaved%20runwayshttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2121&term=Railwayshttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2120&term=Ports%20and%20terminalshttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2085rank.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2030&term=Airports%20-%20with%20paved%20runwayshttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2120.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2024&term=Military%20service%20age%20and%20obligationhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2153&term=Internet%20usershttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2024.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2055.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2025.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2085&term=Roadwayshttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2093.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2026&term=Manpower%20reaching%20militarily%20significant%20age%20annuallyhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2153.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2055&term=Military%20brancheshttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2093rank.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2121rank.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2121.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2034&term=Military%20expenditureshttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2093&term=Waterwayshttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2085.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2034rank.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2019.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2053.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2019&term=Heliportshttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2053&term=Airportshttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2031.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2034.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2108&term=Merchant%20marinehttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2117&term=Pipelineshttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2108rank.html#cahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2108.html#ca


10/10

Transnational Issues :: CANADA

Disputes - international:

managed marit ime boundary disputes with the US at Dixon Entrance, Beaufort Sea, Strait of Juan de Fuca, and the

Gulf of Maine, including the disputed Machias Seal Island and North Rock; Canada and the United States dispute how to

divide the Beaufort Sea and the status of the Northwest Passage but continue to work cooperatively to survey the Arct ic

continental shelf; US works closely with Canada to intensify security measures for monitoring and controll ing legal and

il legal movement of people, transport, and commodit ies across the international border; sovereignty dispute with Denmark

over Hans Island in the Kennedy Channel between Ellesmere Island and Greenland; commencing the collect ion of technical

evidence for submission to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf in support of claims for continental shelf

beyond 200 nm from its declared baselines in the Arct ic, as st ipulated in Art icle 76, paragraph 8, of the United Nations

Convention on the Law of the Sea

Refugees and internally displaced persons:

refugees (country of origin): 17,381 (Colombia); 15,344 (China); 12,326 (Sri Lanka); 10,641 (Pakistan); 7,872(Hait i); 6,512 (Mexico) (2014)

Illicit drugs:

i l l icit producer of cannabis for the domestic drug market and export to US; use of hydroponics technology permits

growers to plant large quantit ies of high-quality marijuana indoors; increasing ecstasy production, some of which is

destined for the US; vulnerable to narcotics money laundering because of i ts mature f inancial services sector

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The World Factbook - Canada

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Transcript of The World Factbook - Canada