The World Bank Group Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory ...
Transcript of The World Bank Group Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory ...
The World Bank Group Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Inventory Management Plan for Internal Business Operations 2014
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P a g e | i Prepared by World Bank Corporate Responsibility Program and IFC Footprint Program
© 2015 The World Bank 1818 H ST NW Washington DC 20433 All rights Reserved
Cover Image: © Adam Rubinfield
This volume is a product of the staff of the World Bank Group. The World Bank Group does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of the World Bank Group concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. RIGHTS AND PERMISSIONS The material in this publication is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of this work without permission may be a violation of applicable law. The World Bank Group encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission to reproduce portions of the work promptly. For permission to photocopy or reprint any part of this work, please send a request with complete information to the copyright Clearance Center Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA; telephone 978-750-8400; fax 978-750-4470; Internet: www.copyright.com. Lead Author: Adam Rubinfield Contributors: Monika Kumar, Sarah Raposa Team Lead: Jeannie Egan, Manager, GSD Institutional
Services Division
The World Bank Group FY14 GHG Inventory Management Plan
P a g e | ii Prepared by World Bank Corporate Responsibility Program and IFC Footprint Program
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................................................... 1
INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................ 2
DEFINITION OF SCOPE IN GHG PROTOCOL........................................................................................................... 2
WBG BOUNDARY CONDITIONS ................................................................................................................ 3
ORGANIZATIONAL BOUNDARY ........................................................................................................................... 3 OPERATIONAL BOUNDARY AND SCOPE ................................................................................................................ 5 GHG LIST ..................................................................................................................................................... 5 WBG BOUNDARY CONDITION ASSUMPTIONS ...................................................................................................... 5
EMISSIONS QUANTIFICATION .................................................................................................................. 6
SCOPE 1 – DIRECT EMISSIONS .......................................................................................................................... 7 On-site (Stationary) Combustion – Scope 1 ................................................................................................... 7 Refrigerants – Scope 1 .................................................................................................................................... 8 Mobile Sources - Scope 1 ............................................................................................................................. 10
SCOPE 2 – INDIRECT EMISSIONS ...................................................................................................................... 12 Electricity Purchases – Scope 2 .................................................................................................................... 12 Purchased Heat, Steam, and Chilled Water – Scope 2 ................................................................................. 16
SCOPE 3 – OTHER INDIRECT EMISSIONS ............................................................................................................ 18 Business Travel Emissions – Scope 3 ............................................................................................................ 18 Contractor-owned vehicles – scope ............................................................................................................. 19 Major Meetings ............................................................................................................................................ 19
DATA MANAGEMENT............................................................................................................................. 20
ACTIVITY DATA AND DATA MANAGEMENT ........................................................................................................ 20 QUALITY ASSURANCE .................................................................................................................................... 22 DATA GAPS ................................................................................................................................................. 23 DATA SECURITY ............................................................................................................................................ 23 CORPORATE REPORTING FREQUENCY ................................................................................................................ 24
BASE YEAR ............................................................................................................................................. 24
ADJUSTMENTS TO BASE YEAR EMISSIONS – STRUCTURAL AND METHODOLOGY CHANGES ........................................... 24
MANAGEMENT TOOLS ........................................................................................................................... 24
ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES .......................................................................................................................... 25 TRAINING .................................................................................................................................................... 26 DOCUMENT RETENTION AND CONTROL POLICY .................................................................................................. 26
AUDITING AND VERIFICATION ............................................................................................................... 26
INTERNAL AUDITING ...................................................................................................................................... 27 EXTERNAL AUDITING ..................................................................................................................................... 27 MANAGEMENT REVIEW ................................................................................................................................. 27 CORRECTIVE ACTION ..................................................................................................................................... 27
APPENDIX A: STATIONARY EMISSION FACTORS ..................................................................................... 28
APPENDIX B: REFRIGERANT EMISSIONS ................................................................................................. 29
APPENDIX C: MOBILE FUEL EMISSION FACTORS ..................................................................................... 30
APPENDIX D: PURCHASED ELECTRICITY .................................................................................................. 33
The World Bank Group FY14 GHG Inventory Management Plan
P a g e | ii Prepared by World Bank Corporate Responsibility Program and IFC Footprint Program
APPENDIX E: AIR TRAVEL EMISSIONS FACTORS ...................................................................................... 37
APPENDIX F: WORLD BANK GROUP FY 14 MASTER LOCATION LIST ........................................................ 37
APPENDIX G: CREDIT360 COUNTRY OFFICE SURVEY SCREENSHOTS ....................................................... 50
APPENDIX H: IMFC COUNTRIES NOT INCLUDED IN WORLD BANK GROUP ANNUAL AND SPRING MEETING INVENTORY (ACCOUNTED FOR BY IMF) .................................................................................. 51
APPENDIX I – AUTOMATIC THRESHOLDS WITHIN CREDIT360................................................................. 52
FIGURES
FIGURE 1. ON-SITE FUEL COMBUSTION EMISSIONS CALCULATION ................................................................................ 7 FIGURE 2. PRORATING ON-SITE FUEL COMBUSTION EMISSIONS CALCULATION ................................................................ 8 FIGURE 3. REFRIGERANT EMISSIONS CALCULATION (PREFERRED) .................................................................................. 9 FIGURE 4. REFRIGERANT EMISSION CALCULATIONS FROM VEHICLES ............................................................................ 10 FIGURE 5. MOBILE FUEL EMISSIONS CALCULATION (PREFERRED) ................................................................................ 11 FIGURE 6. MOBILE FUEL EMISSIONS CALCULATION (VEHICLE TYPE AND DISTANCE) ........................................................ 11 FIGURE 7. MOBILE FUEL EMISSIONS CALCULATION (FUEL COST) ................................................................................ 12 FIGURE 8 ESTIMATING COUNTRY ELECTRICITY EMISSION FACTORS: LAO PDR ............................................................... 13 FIGURE 9. PURCHASED ELECTRICITY EMISSIONS CALCULATION (PREFERRED) ................................................................. 14 FIGURE 10. PURCHASED ELECTRICITY EMISSIONS ESTIMATE (BUILDING AREA) .............................................................. 14 FIGURE 11. ESTIMATING EMISSIONS FROM PURCHASED STEAM ................................................................................. 17 FIGURE 12. AIR TRAVEL EMISSIONS CALCULATION (PREFERRED) ................................................................................ 19 FIGURE 13. CREDIT360 LANDING PAGE ................................................................................................................ 50 FIGURE 14. CREDIT360 ENERGY INFORMATION TAB ................................................................................................ 50 FIGURE 15. CREDIT360 STATIONARY COMBUSTION DATA ENTRY ............................................................................... 51
TABLES
TABLE 1. LIST OF WBG U.S. PROPERTIES IN FY 14 .................................................................................................... 4 TABLE 2. ASSUMPTIONS USED TO CREATE INTENSITY RATE FOR REFRIGERANT ................................................................. 9 TABLE 3 VEHICLE REFRIGERANT CHARGE FACTORS ................................................................................................... 10 TABLE 4. ELECTRICITY AVERAGES FOR WB REGIONS (BASED ON FY 08 DATA) .............................................................. 15 TABLE 5. ELECTRICITY AVERAGES FOR IFC REGIONS (BASED ON FY 08 DATA) ............................................................... 15 TABLE 6. ASSUMPTIONS FOR CALCULATING EMISSIONS FROM STEAM .......................................................................... 17 TABLE 7. DATA ORIGINS FOR SCOPE 1 EMISSION SOURCES ........................................................................................ 21 TABLE 8. DATA ORIGINS FOR SCOPE 2 EMISSION SOURCES ........................................................................................ 22 TABLE 9. ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES FOR DATA REPORTING ................................................................................... 25
ATTACHMENTS
WBG Washington, DC Emissions Summary
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ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
CR Corporate Responsibility Program
CH4 methane
CO2 carbon dioxide
CO2eq carbon dioxide equivalent
CESFP IFC Footprint Program
CFC chlorofluorocarbon
DEFRA Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (UK)
EIA U.S. Energy Information Administration
EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
FP Footprint Program
FTE full-time employee
GHG greenhouse gas
GSDCR General Service Department Corporate Real Estate
GSDMS General Service Department Mail and Shipping Services
GSDPC General Service Department Program Coordination
GSDSO General Service Department Corporate Security
GSDTV General Service Department Travel and Visa Services
GWP global warming potential
HCFC hydrochlorofluorocarbon
HFC hydrofluorocarbon
HVAC heating, ventilation, and air conditioning
IEA International Energy Agency
IFC International Finance Corporation
IMP Inventory Management Plan
IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
kWh kilowatt-hour
N2O nitrous oxide
PFC perfluorocarbon
SF6 sulfur hexafluoride
WB World Bank, including the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the International Development Association
WBCSD World Business Council for Sustainable Development
WBG World Bank Group, including the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, International Development Association, International Finance Corporation, Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency, and the International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes
WRI World Resources Institute
Key Contacts Organization Name: The World Bank: IBRD/IDA Corporate Address: 1818 H St. NW, Washington, DC USA 20433 Inventory Manager: Environmental Specialist, GSDSR, Adam Rubinfield Contact Information: Phone: 202-473-4418
E-mail: [email protected]
Organization Name: International Finance Corporation (IFC) Corporate Address: 2121 Pennsylvania Ave. NW, Washington, DC USA 20433
Inventory Manager: Program Manager, Footprint Program, Sarah Raposa Contact information: Phone: 202-458-7703
E-mail: [email protected]
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INTRODUCTION
This Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory Management Plan (IMP) provides a detailed foundation for the World Bank Group’s (WBG) comprehensive effort to measure and manage greenhouse gas emissions from its internal global business operations. The IMP does not apply to the lending or technical assistance activities that the World Bank Group provides to its public and private sector clients. This document provides organization-wide information, including corporate overview and goals, boundary conditions of the inventory, emissions quantification methods, data management methods, base year selection discussion, list of management tools, and auditing and verification processes.
The World Bank Group consists of five closely associated institutions located in over 180 countries and owned by member countries that carry ultimate decision-making power. Each institution plays a distinct role in the mission to fight poverty and improve living standards for people in the developing world. The IMP sets forth the current scope and vision of WBG’s commitment to inventory and manage greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for its internal global business operations and contains the WBG’s greenhouse gas inventory methodology. It sets forth the WBG’s intention to create a GHG inventory that is consistent with the
principles and guidance of the World Resources Institute (WRI) and the World Business Council for Sustainable Development’s (WBCSD) Greenhouse Gas Protocol Initiative (GHG Protocol) for its internal corporate greenhouse gas accounting and reporting. The inventory methodology is designed to meet the most rigorous and complete accounting and reporting standards. In 2007 the World Bank (WB) joined the EPA Climate Leaders Program and set a voluntary target for reducing its Scope 1 and 2 emissions. This IMP includes information that applies to the offices located in the United States and complies by the World Bank’s previous participation in the U.S. EPA’s Climate Leaders Program. The U.S. EPA Climate Leaders program was phased out as of 9/15/2010 and the WB is no longer required to report annual emissions information to the EPA. However, the WB will continue to abide by EPA guidance for GHG inventories, and is researching other alternatives for reporting and goal setting, including its current participation in the Carbon Disclosure Project and the UN Climate Neutral Initiative. The global facilities inventory is maintained on a fiscal year basis only. Both domestic and international emissions are calculated using the same methodology to ensure consistency in the quantification process among all locations.
DEFINITION OF SCOPE IN GHG PROTOCOL
The World Bank Group segregates its emissions types by Scopes 1, 2, and 3, as defined by the GHG Protocol. The following are examples of office emissions sources from the GHG Protocol publication Working 9 to 5 on Climate Change: An Office Guide (WRI 2002).
Scope 1: Direct emissions sources
Combustion of fuel in boilers or furnaces that are owned by the reporting organization
Generation of electricity, steam, or heat in equipment that is owned by the reporting organization
Business travel in vehicles that are owned by the reporting organization, such as company cars or corporate jets
Employee commuting in company-owned vehicles, such as shuttles and company cars
Fugitive emissions of refrigerant from chillers or other refrigeration units owned by the reporting organization
Scope 2: Indirect emissions sources
Generation of purchased electricity, steam, heat, or chilled water
Scope 3: Optional sources
Business travel in non-company-owned vehicles such as rental cars, employee cars, trains, and commercial planes
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WBG BOUNDARY CONDITIONS
Boundary conditions serve as the foundation for the GHG inventory by defining both the inventory’s breadth and depth. To provide a rigorous and complete GHG inventory, the WBG has defined both organizational and operational boundary conditions consistent with the GHG Protocol guidance.
ORGANIZATIONAL BOUNDARY
Organization boundary conditions define the breadth of the GHG inventory by identifying the locations where the WBG assumes responsibility for GHG emissions. According to the GHG Protocol, a company’s organizational boundaries can either be defined by the amount of equity a company has in an operation (“Equity Approach”) or based on a company’s operational control over a location or facility (“Control Approach”). The GHG Protocol also requires that a company select the type of organizational boundary according to which method most accurately reflects the day-to-day practices of the business. That boundary approach should then be consistently applied to define the company’s business and operations in a way that best constitutes the business’s operations for the purpose of GHG emissions accounting and reporting.
The WBG has chosen to set its organizational boundaries for the GHG inventory according to the operational control approach. Consistent with this approach the WBG accounts for GHG emissions from its locations for which it has direct control over operations, and where it can influence decisions that impact GHG emissions. This includes all owned and leased facilities/vehicles operated by WBG. A portion of leased facilities operate under full-service gross leases, where the building owner/manager pays the utilities directly and WBG does not have access to actual energy consumption information. WBG includes these facilities in its definition of operational control and estimates the energy consumption as well as refrigerant use if this data is unavailable as described in the Data Management section below.
WB locations have been identified by the General Services Department Corporate Real Estate office (GSDCR), while IFC locations are from the IFC Real Estate Database managed by the IFC’s Facilities Management team. A list of offices included the FY 14 GHG inventory can be found in Appendix F.
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Washington, DC Specific
In the United States, the World Bank Group owns or leases facilities located in Washington, DC, Virginia, and New York. A list of these facilities is presented in Table 1.
Table 1. List of WBG U.S. Properties in FY 14
Building Name
Address Status
(Own/Lease) Operational Control
Size (gross ft2)
In Inventory
Archives Pennsylvania, near Pittsburgh Lease WB Non-Operating 54,000 Scope 1, 2
CF 4120 Lafayette Center Dr. Chantilly, VA 20151
Lease WB Operating 54,530 Scope 1, 2
F 2121 Pennsylvania Ave. NW Washington, DC 20433
Own IFC Owned 1,138,000 Scope 1, 2
G 1776 G St. NW Washington, DC 20006
Lease WB Non-Operating 210,354 Scope 1, 2
I 1850 I St. NW Washington, DC 20433
Own WB Owned 601,446 Scope 1, 2
J 701 18th St. NW Washington, DC 20433
Long-term Lease
WB Operating 533,894 Scope 1, 2
MC 1818 H St. NW Washington, DC 20433
Own WB Owned 2,065,507 Scope 1, 2
C 1225 Connecticut Ave NW Washington, DC 20036
Own WB Owned 240,811 Scope 1, 2
P 900 19th St. NW, Washington, DC 20433
Lease WB Non-Operating 10,935 Scope 1, 2
U 1800 G St. NW, Washington, DC 20433
Lease WB Non-Operating 140,214 Scope 1, 2
UN Liaison Office
1 Dag Hammarskjold Plaza, 885 2nd Ave., 26th Fl., New York, NY 10017
Lease WB Non-Operating 4,825 Scope 1, 2
VA Ware-house (DCC)
Dulles Commerce Center, Bldg. 100, 23760 Pebble Run Dr., Sterling, VA 20166
Lease WB Operating 50,030 Scope 1, 2
Landover Service Center
3301 Pennsy Dr Landover, MD 20785
Lease WB Operating 54,591 Scope 1, 2
M Building 1900 Pennsylvania Ave NW 9th Floor, Washington, DC 20433
Lease WB Non-Operating 55,300 Scope 1, 2
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OPERATIONAL BOUNDARY AND SCOPE
Since 2008, the operational boundary of the WBG’s carbon inventory has included all core direct (Scope 1) and indirect (Scope 2) emissions associated with all global WBG facilities with operational control (including headquarters operations in Washington, DC, all leased facilities, and all country offices). Emissions from global employee business air travel are included in Scope 3. Prior to 2008, our scope was limited to headquarters operations in Washington DC only, including Washington, DC and Virginia leased facilities and facilities with operational control, and only DC-based employee travel.
Direct Emissions from sources that are owned or controlled by the WBG, including emissions from on-site fuel burning equipment (for example, boilers, backup generators) and fugitive emissions from process equipment (for example, refrigerant from refrigeration and HVAC equipment). Mobile emissions from combustion of fuel in WBG-owned vehicles are also included.
Indirect Emissions from electricity, steam and chilled water purchased by the WBG.
Other Indirect Emissions from WBG employee business air travel and leased vehicles operated by other organizations.
GHG LIST
The WBG greenhouse gas inventory includes emissions from five of the six major GHG gases (there are no known emissions from SF6):
CO2
CH4
N2O
HFCs
PFCs In addition, the global inventory includes emissions from CFCs and HCFCs as supplemental emissions, both of which are optional for inventory and reporting purposes according to GHG Protocol and EPA Climate Leaders guidance. WBG BOUNDARY CONDITION ASSUMPTIONS
To the extent possible, this IMP attempts to standardize our inventory methodology to all WBG offices. There are, however, a few exceptions. Our boundary assumptions are outlined as follows:
Assumptions: Global Inventory
Where there is shared World Bank and IFC office space, emissions are apportioned between the agencies by percentage of total area as detailed in lease agreements and memoranda of understanding, where available. When this information is not available, emissions are apportioned by percentage of area which is based on the percentage of total staff for each agency. For example, in a location where the proportion of IFC to WB space is not known, if there are an equal number of staff from each agency, then it is assumed that each agency occupies an equal amount of space in the office.
Data for WB and IFC GHG inventories are collected and compiled separately using the same methodology and aggregated within the same WBG inventory document. A web-based database is used to centralize and manage the data collection and reporting process.
For business travel, only employee air travel data is collected and included because the majority of WBG business travel impacts are associated with plane travel.
If a WBG office houses five or fewer employees, it is assumed that activity data is difficult to obtain, and that the contribution of emissions is relatively insignificant. While every office is provided an opportunity to report activity data where possible, WBG’s online data management system allows the data provider from an office with five or fewer employees the option to (a) default to estimated emissions for electricity use and refrigerants (methodology for estimations are provided in relevant sections below in this IMP), and (b) to exempt the office from reporting on-site
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fuel and mobile sources if the information is not easily accessible (estimates are not made for on-site fuel and mobiles sources given there is no credible methodology to do so).
In FY2007, employee number estimates were based on numbers for staff and extended-term consultants and extended-term temporaries as of the close of the fiscal year (June 30) provided by the Human Resources Analytics Department (HRSAN). In FY2008 the WBG requested that country offices provide data on all employees located in their offices, detailing the number of contractors, consultants, and staff working from the office as of the close of the fiscal year (June 30). In FY2009 and going forward, the WBG reverted back to numbers for staff and extended-term consultants and temporaries as of the close of the fiscal year (June 30) provided by HRSAN and IFCHR in an effort to standardize measurement.
In the absence of a complete country office database, office area data for World Bank offices is entered by data owners in each of the offices and confirmed with CO Real Estate Tracking database where possible. For IFC offices, office area is extracted from the country office real estate database and uploaded into the Credit360 system. Any discrepancies may then be identified by data owners in each office.
Homes owned by the World Bank Group in developing countries are not included in the inventory
because the WBG does not control the operations of these buildings and activity data is difficult to obtain.
Exceptions
The IFC and WB share archive, business continuity center, and warehouse space leased by the World Bank. Since the World Bank manages the lease, the WB reports 100 percent of these emissions, including the Chantilly Facility (CF; located in Chantilly, VA), the Archives (located near Pittsburgh, PA), the Landover Service Center (LSC; located in Landover, MD) and the Warehouse (located in Sterling, VA).
Emissions are estimated for buildings in Washington, DC where the WBG lacks operational control. To estimate emissions, assumptions about electricity usage are made based on area. Refrigerant emissions are estimated based on the technique described below. Due to lack of access to information, estimates are not made for on-site fuel consumption.
There are mail vans in Washington, DC leased by the WB and used by both WB and IFC employees. The WB accounts for 100 percent of these emissions because they control the van leases and employ the van drivers. Because the IFC does not own any vehicles in Washington, DC, no emissions associated with vehicle refrigerant are reported.
EMISSIONS QUANTIFICATION
The following sections explain the GHG emissions quantification approach for each of the WBG’s emissions sources contained within the boundaries of the fiscal year 2014 (FY14) GHG inventory.
All methodologies are based on guidance from the GHG Protocol with emission factors taken from governmental and international organizations such as the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and the International Energy Agency (IEA). All sources are noted in the appendices.
Emissions for both country offices and Washington, DC are calculated using similar equations. An annual survey is conducted to collect activity data from WBG locations in the Master Location List (Appendix F). Beginning in FY2009, this survey was conducted through a Web-based data management system called Credit360, found online at http://worldbank.credit360.com. See Appendix G for screenshots from the FY13 survey.
When activity data is unavailable, emissions estimates are made for electricity, refrigerants, and air travel based on office area or number of employees. Data gaps and data quality issues still exist in the WBG’s inventory that will be addressed along with data quality issues as additional and more accurate data become available over time. The primary data gaps are in country offices and predominately in smaller offices. For a summary of FY14 emissions, please see the attached report.
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SCOPE 1 – DIRECT EMISSIONS
ON-SITE (STATIONARY) COMBUSTION – SCOPE 1
Quantifying Emissions from On-site (Stationary) Combustion
On-site combustion of fossil fuels for the generation of electricity, heat, or steam is one source of direct emissions. To calculate the GHG emissions from on-site fuel combustion, the WBG collects the annual quantity of fuel purchased. To be conservative, the WBG assumes that all fuel purchased is also combusted in on-site operations in that same year. An appropriate emissions factor for each fuel type used is applied. Fuels used at WBG locations include diesel, gasoline, natural gas, propane, LPG, and kerosene.
Emissions are determined for each fuel source by multiplying the total annual fuel quantity expressed in units of energy purchased by the appropriate emissions factors for CO2, CH4, and N2O. If fuel quantity purchased is reported in volume or mass, this quantity is converted to units of energy based on the fuel’s heat content. Heat contents for specific fuels are listed in Appendix A. Totals for CH4 and N2O are multiplied by their global warming potentials (GWPs) to calculate CO2 equivalent emissions. See Appendix A for a table detailing stationary fuel emissions factors. CO2 and CO2 equivalent emissions for all fuels
combusted are summed to obtain the total CO2 equivalent (CO2eq) emissions for the year. Figure 1 shows the calculation used when data is provided.
Figure 1. On-site Fuel Combustion Emissions Calculation
Source: ASR
Occasionally, WBG offices are able to provide activity data on total fuel use for their buildings but not for WBG occupied space. In this case, if both the total building area is known as well as the WBG occupied area, the total fuel use is prorated for WBG occupied space and then multiplied by the appropriate emissions factors (Figure 2) to obtain the total CO2 equivalent emissions for the year.
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Figure 2. Prorating On-site Fuel Combustion Emissions Calculation
Source: ASR
There is no credible methodology to estimate emissions for missing on-site fuel data. WBG’s online data management system allows the data provider from an office with five or fewer employees the option to exempt himself/herself from reporting on-site fuel if the information is not easily accessible. The WBG anticipates this data gap will improve in years to come as data providers gain more experience in gathering the data.
If an office has provided reliable fuel data in previous years but did not provide a response to the call for data this year, fuel use from the previous year is used as a proxy for this year’s fuel use.
REFRIGERANTS – SCOPE 1
Refrigeration, freezer, and air-conditioning equipment leak refrigerants. GHGs from heating, ventilation, or air conditioning (HVAC) operations, refrigeration, and freezer units are not intentionally released, but
escape into the atmosphere as fugitive emissions through varying means, including but not limited to maintenance, installation, disposal, and operational leakage. Each refrigerant CO2 equivalent (CO2eq) is calculated by multiplying the mass of refrigerant by its global warming potential (GWP).
Two methods to calculate GHG emissions of refrigerants are explained in the GHG Protocol. The first (preferred) method requires the annual amount of each type of refrigerant purchased for each location (quantity-purchased method). The second method, relating to capacity and leakage characteristics by equipment type, requires the total capacity for refrigerants in each type of equipment used at a location, the corresponding manufacturer’s leakage rate for each type of equipment, and the type of refrigerant used in each type of equipment. Equipment types are distinguished by whether the equipment is a HVAC
Prorated Fuel Usage
Quantity (energy)
Fuel-Specific CO2
Emissions Factor
Fuel-Specific CH4
Emissions Factor
Fuel-Specific N2O
Emissions Factor
CH4 Global
Warming Potential
N2O Global
Warming Potential
Metric Tons CO2
Metric Tons CH4
Metric Tons N2O X
X X
X
=
=
=
Metric Tons CO2 Metric Tons CO2-e
(CH4)
Metric Tons CO2-e
(N2O )
Total Metric Tons CO2-e from Onsite
Combustion
Fuel Usage Quantity – entire building
(energy) X Area of WBG office
Area of Entire
Building / = Prorated fuel usage
quantity (energy)
= + +
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unit, a freezer, or a refrigeration unit. Due to activity data available, only the first method is used for the WBG inventory.
Quantifying Emissions from Refrigerants
Refrigerant CO2 equivalents are calculated by multiplying the weight of escaped refrigerant by the corresponding GWP. GWPs for refrigerants reported in the inventory are gathered from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) or from sources referencing the IPCC. See Appendix B for details on GWPs of refrigerants and sources. If the type of refrigerant is unknown (“other” is chosen in the online survey), HFC-134a is assumed to be the refrigerant type. See Figure 3 for the preferred calculation methodology, and Table 2 for the calculation method used in cases where refrigerant data are not available.
Figure 3. Refrigerant Emissions Calculation (Preferred)
Source: AR
In some cases, WBG country offices are able to provide the refrigerant recharge quantity for the entire building but not for WBG occupied space. In this case, if both the total building area is known as well as the WBG occupied area, the total refrigerant recharge amount is prorated for the WBG occupied space and then multiplied by the appropriate refrigerant-specific global warming potential to obtain the total CO2eq emissions for the year.
In the case where activity data (refrigerant purchases) is not available for use, emissions are estimated based on the refrigerant emission rate (ton refrigerant emitted/ft2/year) based on the occupied WB/IFC building area.
The method used to calculate the intensity rate is laid out in Table 2. In this method, the estimated area per ton of cooling (1 ton of cooling per 500 ft2 is commonly used in the United States and will be used globally for our purposes) is multiplied by a conversion factor of one ton of cooling per one kg of refrigerant charge and then by an assumed leakage rate of 10 percent. The resulting kilogram of refrigerant per square foot factor is multiplied by the square footage of the location that did not provide refrigeration data. This calculation results in the estimated number of kilograms of refrigerant recharge used in the IFC/WB building area.
Table 2. Assumptions Used to Create Intensity Rate for Refrigerant
Step Amount
Assumed Source
Estimated area per ton cooling (ft2/ton) 500 HVAC rule of thumb
Refrigerant charge per cooling ton (kg/ton) 1 Climate Leaders – Direct HFC and PFC Emissions from Use of Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning
Equipment
Annual operating loss factor 10%
Climate Leaders – Direct HFC and PFC Emissions from Use of Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Equipment Table 2: Type of Equipment – Residential and Commercial A/C
Emission Rate (ton refrigerant per ft2-year) 0.0000002
Refrigerant -
Specific Global Warming Potential
X Total Mtons CO 2 eq from Refrigerants
= Refrigerant Recharge Quantity
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Source: ASR
The emissions rate used (0.0000002 ton refrigerant per ft2-year) is then multiplied by the area of the WB/IFC building area and then by the GWP of the refrigerant type specified. If the refrigerant type is unknown, the WB/IFC conservatively assumes the refrigerant type to be HFC-R134a. This number is converted to metric tons to calculate the total metric tons of CO2eq emitted.
Refrigerant data is often one of the hardest pieces of information for offices to collect. While every office is provided an opportunity to report activity data where possible, WBG’s online data management system allows the data provider from an office with five or fewer employees or from those offices that cannot collect the required data the option to default to estimated emissions for refrigerants. Estimates are included for completeness, but they represent a small portion of the WBG’s emissions source, because its operations do not require a high intensity of refrigeration. The WBG anticipates this data gap will improve in years to come as data providers gain more experience in gathering the data.
Quantifying Refrigerant Emissions from Vehicles
Refrigerants utilized in vehicles for air conditioning are a minute part of the WBG’s GHG emissions from
internal business operations. The WBG includes data on refrigerants from vehicles used globally.
Where available, the number of vehicles, grouped by each vehicle type, is multiplied by the standard refrigerant charge per unit as outlined by the EPA. For example, all passenger cars are assumed to use R-134a and have a charge per unit of 0.8, thus 8 passenger cars will have a total charge of 6.4 kg of refrigerant. The total charge is then multiplied by the standard operating loss factor (20 percent) to arrive at the annual refrigerant loss in kg. The annual refrigerant lost is multiplied by the global warming potential of that refrigerant (most A/Cs are R-134a) to obtain the total metric tons of CO2eq emitted. (Figure 4)
Figure 4. Refrigerant Emission Calculations from Vehicles
Source: TK
Table 3 Vehicle Refrigerant Charge Factors
Vehicle Type Charge Factor Source
Passenger Car 0.8
EPA Refrigerant Guidance, 2004 Table 2
Light Truck 1.2
Airplane 6.4
MOBILE SOURCES - SCOPE 1
Number of Owned
Vehicles X Standard Refrigerant
Charge per vehicle Standard operating
loss factor (20%) X = Annual Refrigerant
loss (kg)
Annual Refrigerant
loss (kg) X Refrigerant-specific Global Warming
Potential =
Total metric tons CO
2-e from
refrigerants
Convert kg to mtons
(1000) ÷
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Mobile GHG emissions result from the combustion of fuel in an organization’s owned and leased vehicles. In accordance with the “operational control approach” for organizational boundaries, the WBG reports data for fleet vehicles that it owns and leases. All mobile emissions, regardless of location, are calculated using the same methodology to ensure consistency in the quantification process.
Quantifying Emissions from Mobile Sources
The majority of WBG offices report the quantity of fuel used from driver logs or invoices. Direct CO2 emissions from owned mobile combustion sources are calculated based on fuel purchase records, where available. Many vehicles have fuel consumption logs to track their purchases.
All transport fuel emissions factors are listed in Appendix C. The preferred approach to calculate mobile sources is to multiply the volume of fuel by the fuel-specific CO2 emissions factors to calculate the total CO2 emissions as shown in Figure 5.
Figure 5. Mobile Fuel Emissions Calculation (Preferred)
Source: TK
Methodology for Estimating Emissions from Mobile Sources
When no transport fuel data is provided, the WBG makes estimates based on distance driven and fuel economy of the vehicle type (Figure 6). For the purposes of calculating emissions, gasoline is assumed to be the fuel used when estimating emissions in this fashion for sedans and motorcycles, and diesel is assumed to be the fuel used when estimating emissions in this fashion for SUVs, light trucks and heavy trucks.
Figure 6. Mobile Fuel Emissions Calculation (Vehicle Type and Distance)
Source: TK
If mileage and fuel economy are not available, data providers are provided an option to report total amount spent on fuel over the fiscal year, and the cost of fuel (in US Dollars) per gallon or liter in the city location on average over the fiscal year. Data providers are also asked to indicate the type of fuel purchased. Emissions estimates are then made based on the total fuel costs and the average cost of fuel per gallon or liter provided (Figure 7).
X Fuel Usage
Quantity (volume)
Fuel-Specific CO2
Emissions Factor
Total Metric Tons CO2 from Mobile
Combustion =
X Estimated Fuel
Usage Quantity
Fuel-Specific CO2
Emissions Factor
Total Metric Tons CO
2 from Mobile
Combustion =
X Total Distance
Driven
Vehicle-Specific Fuel Efficiency (volume of
fuel/distance)
Estimated Fuel Usage Quantity =
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Figure 7. Mobile Fuel Emissions Calculation (Fuel Cost)
Source: TK
Not all offices report mobile fuel use. Some do not have any owned or leased vehicles. The WBG’s online
data management system allows the data provider from an office with five or fewer employees the option to exempt himself/herself from reporting mobile fuel if the information is not easily accessible. In FY13, there were a few cases where offices did not reply to the survey but had done so in previous years. In these cases, data regarding fuel use in FY 13 was used as a proxy for FY 14 fuel use. In the United States, the EPA provides vehicle-specific emissions factors that are used to derive CH4 and N2O emissions from vehicles. To calculate these emissions, fuel usage quantity is multiplied by CH4 and N2O emission factors for the respective vehicle type. The CO2, CH4, and N2O emissions are then added to quantify CO2eq. Since collecting precise car models from all country offices is a difficult task, country office emissions calculations use one set of CH4 and N2O factors for each fuel type (gasoline, diesel, and LPG). These standards have been set in place until more accurate data is available.
SCOPE 2 – INDIRECT EMISSIONS
ELECTRICITY PURCHASES – SCOPE 2
The second scope of emissions under the GHG Protocol is indirect emissions from purchased electricity. These emissions are classified as indirect because the emissions do not occur at the facility, but rather at the plant where the electricity or steam is generated from fuel. These emissions are a consequence of the activities of the organization because although the organization does not own or control the sources, its actions require the generation of electricity. Organizations report emissions from the generation of purchased electricity that is used by equipment or operations controlled by them. For many organizations, purchased electricity represents one of the largest sources of GHG emissions and is the area where the most opportunities for reductions in GHG emissions exist. Electricity activity data for each WB/IFC office is collected using one of three methods. The preference for reporting the data is to use method one. If this data is not available, then method two is used, and as a last resort, method three is employed.
WBG methods for reporting electricity data: 1. Where possible, annual metered electricity usage (kWh) is reported for WBG offices in which the
data provider was able to obtain information from electricity invoices. 2. For WBG offices without separate meters, data providers are asked to provide electricity invoice
data for the entire building, total area of the entire building, and area of IFC/WB-occupied space in the building We prorate the annual electricity usage based on the portion of IFC/WB-occupied area in the entire building, and the electricity use invoiced for the entire building.
3. For offices that do not provide any data, estimates are based on regional electricity intensity (kWh/ft2) established from actual data provided from Method 1. This method is explained below in more detail.
X Estimated Fuel
Usage Quantity
Fuel-Specific CO2
Emissions Factor
Total Metric Tons CO2 from Mobile
Combustion =
/ Total Fuel Cost
Average Cost per Unit of Fuel Type
Estimated Fuel Usage Quantity =
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Quantifying Emissions from Electricity
GHG emissions from the generation of electricity include CO2, CH4, and N2O. GHG emissions are calculated based on the amount of kWh purchased multiplied by the power plant emissions factor. WBG offices often do not have enough information about the specific plants or power pools that provide them with power and electricity. Therefore, for the WBG’s facilities, GHG emissions from electricity usage are calculated based on the amount (kWh) of electricity purchased and then multiplied by the subregion, region, or country-specific emissions factor for CO2, CH4, and N2O.
For electricity purchased in the United States, each year emissions factors are taken from the most recent EPA eGRID to calculate GHG emissions. In accordance with EPA guidelines, previous years’ inventories are not retroactively updated with the most recent emission factors. The emission factors used to calculate the FY 14 inventory come from eGRID 2014.
The WBG uses region or country-specific emissions factors from IEA or country-based analogs for all other locations. All emissions factors are listed in Appendix D. Figure 9 shows the GHG emissions calculation for WBG locations where energy use amounts are provided. For some countries, IEA country-specific emission factors do not exist. In these cases, region average CO2/kWh emissions factor are used as found in the IEA
document “CO2-highlights.xls”. To calculate CH4 and N2O emissions factors, the ratio of CH4 and N2O to CO2 emission factors is calculated, which is then multiplied by the CO2 emission factor for each respective GHG. For example:
Figure 8 Estimating Country Electricity Emission Factors: Lao PDR
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Figure 9. Purchased Electricity Emissions Calculation (Preferred)
Source: TK
Methodology for Estimating Electricity Use
For offices that are able to provide electricity consumption for the entire building but not for the IFC/WB-occupied area, annual electricity consumption is prorated for the IFC/WB-occupied area. This is accomplished by dividing the IFC/WB-occupied space by the size of the entire building and then multiplying this figure by the annual electricity consumption of the facility.
Figure 10. Purchased Electricity Emissions Estimate (Building Area)
Source: TK
While every office is provided an opportunity to report activity data where possible, the WBG’s online data management system allows the data provider from an office with five or fewer employees the option
to default to estimated emissions for electricity use.
For WBG offices that are unable to provide electricity consumption data, an estimate of annual electricity use is calculated based on an IFC/WB regional electricity intensity figure and the area of the office occupied (Figure 10). The intensity figure is calculated for each IFC or WB region by adding the annual electricity consumption for each country office that responded within that region and dividing the sum by the sum of the area of each office to generate an electricity consumption per area (kWh/ft2) intensity figure. This regional figure is then multiplied by the area of each non-responding country offices to calculate an estimate of electricity consumption (kWh) for each country office. Tables 3 (WB) and 4 (IFC) show the IFC/WB country offices that were used to calculate each regional average.
Region Specific Emissions Factor
for CO 2 X Mtons CO 2 =
kWh of Purchased Electricity
Region Specific Emissions Factor
for CH 4 X Mtons CO 2 eq
( CH 4 ) = CH 4 Global
Warming Potential X
Region Specific Emissions Factor
for N 2 O X Mtons CO 2 eq
( N 2 O ) = N 2 O Global Warming Potential X
Mtons CO 2 eq ( CH 4 )
+ Total Mtons CO 2 eq from
Electricity = Mtons CO 2
Mtons CO 2 eq ( N 2 O ) +
Average kWh / area / yr X
Estimated kWh of Purchased Electricity
= Building area
X Mtons CO 2 =
Estimated kWh of Purchased Electricity
X Mtons CO 2 eq ( CH 4 )
= CH 4 Global Warming Potential X
X Mtons CO 2 eq ( N 2 O ) = N 2 O Global
Warming Potential X
Mtons CO 2 eq ( CH 4 )
+ Total Mtons CO 2 eq from
Electricity = Mtons CO 2
Mtons CO 2 eq ( N 2 O ) +
Region Specific Emissions Factor
for CO 2
Region Specific Emissions Factor
for CH 4
Region Specific Emissions Factor
for N 2 O
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These numbers may change in the future as more comprehensive data is collected. In this instance, we would recalculate previous years emissions for electricity based on the new electricity intensity averages. For now, we will continue to use the FY 08 averages.
Table 4. Electricity Averages for WB Regions (Based on FY 08 Data)
WB Region Average Based on the Following Countries kWh/ft2
East Asia and the Pacific (EAP) Australia, Cambodia, China, Indonesia (Jakarta), Laos, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Vietnam (Hanoi)
11.1
Europe and Central Asia (ECA)
Albania, Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan (Almaty), Kosovo, Kyrgyz Republic, Macedonia, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Tajikistan, Turkey, Ukraine
14.8
Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC)
Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Peru
15.2
Middle East and North Africa (MNA)
Egypt 15.1
South Asia (SAR) India (New Delhi–70 Lodhi, 53 Lodhi Estate, Golf Links, Polish Embassy), Pakistan
18.2
Sub-Saharan (AFR) Benin, Burkina Faso, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Malawi, Niger, Rwanda, Senegal, Zimbabwe
10.8
United States/Other United States 23.0
Locations omitted were Bangladesh, D.R. of Congo, India (New Delhi–INTACH), Iran, Liberia, Mexico, Moldova, Mozambique, Paraguay, Russian Federation (Moscow), Sudan (Juba), Uruguay.
Source: ASR
Table 5. Electricity Averages for IFC Regions (Based on FY 08 Data)
IFC Region Average Based on the Following Countries kWh/ft2
Central & Eastern Europe (CEU)
Georgia, Ukraine (Kiev, Vinnytsia)
13.2
East Asia & the Pacific (CEA) Australia, China (Chengdu, Hong Kong, Beijing), Indonesia (Aceh, Jakarta), Lao P.D.R., Philippines (Manila), Vietnam (Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City)
8.6
Latin America & the Caribbean (CLA)
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil (Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo), Colombia, Mexico, Peru
9.0
Middle East & North Africa (CME)
Egypt, Morocco 10.6
South Asia (CSA) Bangladesh, Sri Lanka 20.1
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Southern Europe & Central Asia (CSE)
Albania, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Macedonia, Serbia and Montenegro, Turkey
9.3
Sub-Saharan Africa (CAF) Cameroon, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa 9.0
Part 1 Countries United Kingdom 34
United States
U.S. facilities with operational-control (F) 21.6
Locations omitted were Algeria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, France, India (New Delhi), Indonesia (Aceh), Jordan, Kenya (Nairobi), Laos, Romania, Mongolia, Pakistan (Karachi, Islamabad), Russian Federation (Moscow), Ukraine (Vinnytsia), Yemen. Source: ASR
PURCHASED HEAT, STEAM, AND CHILLED WATER – SCOPE 2
Indirect emissions also include emissions from heat, steam, and chilled water purchased for use in WBG
offices. Although the number of offices that purchase heat, steam, or chilled water is small, in the effort of completeness we have decided to include these purchases. At the WBG Washington, DC offices, heat, steam, and chilled water are not purchased.
Quantifying Emissions from Steam
Emissions from the purchase of steam are estimated based on the amount of steam purchased and an assumed fuel type (natural gas) and boiler efficiency (80 percent) based on the EPA Climate Leaders Guidance “Indirect Emissions from Purchases/Sales of Electricity and Steam.” Steam purchase can usually be found on utility bills or other records. If steam purchased is communicated in mass instead of energy, the mass should be converted to energy based on the heat content of steam (assumed to be 1200 Btu/lb). The steam purchased (in units of energy) is divided by the boiler efficiency and then multiplied by emission factor for each GHG for natural gas. Each GHG is multiplied by its GWP and added to calculate the CO2 equivalent emissions from the purchase of steam (Figure 10).
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Figure 11. Estimating Emissions From Purchased Steam
Source: TK
Table 6. Assumptions for Calculating Emissions from Steam
Category Assumption
Fuel Type Natural Gas
Fuel to Steam Conversion Efficiency 80%
Steam Heat Content (Btu/lb) 1200
Source: ASR
Quantifying Emissions from Chilled Water
Estimates for emissions from chilled water production are a small part of the overall World Bank Group emissions inventory. In FY 14, only a few offices responded with information regarding their chilled water purchases.
The activity data used to calculate emissions resulting from purchases of chilled water are ton-hours and the electric grid country/regional factor. A default estimate is used in the calculation unless site-specific data is available regarding the chilled water supplier. A chiller efficiency of 0.75 kW per ton of cooling is assumed as the default, which was obtained from the 2006 Buildings Energy Data Book, 2003 stock efficiency for centrifugal chillers. This chiller efficiency is multiplied by the reported ton-hours of cooling to produce an estimate of the electricity used. The estimate of the electricity used in chilled water production is then multiplied by the country-specific emissions factors for CO2, CH4 and N2O, as is described in the estimation of electricity emissions, above.
Amount of steam
purchased (energy) / Boiler efficiency
(80%) =
Amount of fuel used
for steam (energy)
X =
Amount of fuel used
for steam (energy) X
X
Fuel-specific CO2
emission factor
Fuel-specific CH4
emission factor
Fuel-specific N2O
emission factor
Metric Tons CO2
Metric Tons CH4
Metric Tons N2O
=
=
+ = Metric tons CO2-e
X
X
CH4 GWP
N2O GWP
Metric Tons CO2 Metric Tons CH
4 Metric Tons N
2O +
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SCOPE 3 – OTHER INDIRECT EMISSIONS
BUSINESS TRAVEL EMISSIONS – SCOPE 3
Business air travel is representative of the WBG’s core business activities and a significant emissions source; therefore, air travel is included as a voluntary Scope 3 emissions source in the inventory. Due to difficulty in obtaining data for train and car rental, and the small proportion of associated emissions, these are excluded from the inventory. This data may be included in future inventories.
Quantifying Emissions from Air Travel
For the WBG’s global operations, air travel data includes air travel for all WBG employees with an identification number (UPI)—this includes contractors, consultants, and full-time staff. This data comes from entries into a statement of expense reporting system that must be completed by all employees who travel. The main purpose of this system is for staff to report all personal expenses related to a mission trip, so the system captures all legs of a trip including stop-overs using city codes (for example, WAS for Washington, DC). Each leg of the trip has an origin city code and a destination city code (for example, a round trip
journey from Washington, DC to Nairobi, Kenya with a stopover in Paris would be WASPAR PARNBO,
NBOPAR, PARWAS). The first step to calculate distance traveled by air travel in a given fiscal year is that all city pairs from every leg of every mission trip approved and completed by WBG employees are extracted from the travel expense system along with other relevant data. To calculate flight distances between these city pairs, the city pairs are first checked against a Ticketed Point Mileage (TPM) table that contains exact distances for city code pairs and, if not found in this table, against a Maximum Permitted Mileage (MPM). The MPM table reflects the distance limit between two specified international points within which passengers can travel at the direct fare, provided that the sum of ticketed point mileage distance is not exceeded. If the city pair is not found in either of these, the trip is flagged as having a distance of 100.
These unknown “100” distances are estimated in the following way:
If the travel is within the same city, the trip is assumed to not be a flight and is not included in the calculation.
If the travel is within the same country, the number of flight legs for that country is multiplied by the average within-country distance per flight leg for known flights to estimate the distance travelled.
If the travel is not within the same country, the average known distance per flight leg originating from the country is multiplied by the number of flight legs departing from that country.
Once a distance has been calculated for each trip, the air travel data is broken down by distance into three categories for each leg (short haul, medium haul, and long haul). The definitions used are from the revised “2010 Guidelines to Defra/DECC's GHG Conversion Factors for Company Reporting. Version 1.1 FINAL”” (updated June 2010): a short-haul flight is less than 300 miles; a medium-haul flight is less than 2,300 miles; and a long-haul flight is more than or equal to 2,300 miles. The emission factor for unknown flight distances that have been estimated is calculated by taking the total kg of emissions from business air travel and dividing it by the total number of passenger-miles for the World Bank Group.
To calculate air travel emissions for each flight category, the distance traveled and the appropriate GHG emission factor is applied to obtain the emissions due to air travel (Figure 12). For a list of emissions factors, see Appendix E.
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Figure 12. Air Travel Emissions Calculation (Preferred)
Note on Integration of the Radiative Forcing Index for Medium- and Long-haul Flights
Radiative forcing is the change in radiation received at the surface of the earth due to the emission of greenhouse gases. High-flying aircraft spur radiative changes through three types of processes: direct emission of radiatively active substances, such as CO2 and water vapor; emission of chemicals that produce or destroy radiatively active substances, such as NOx; and emission of substances that generate aerosols or lead to changes in natural clouds (for example, contrails). The radiative forcing index (RFI) is a measure of the importance of these aircraft emissions on the atmosphere. The current, generally accepted, RFI factor is
2.7.
Neither the United Kingdom’s DEFRA, the ICAO, nor the United States’ EPA or WRI factor the RFI into air travel emissions calculations despite the recommendation of the UNFCCC. Therefore, the WBG does not currently integrate RFI into its GHG inventory for air travel. Both the WRI and the EPA are reviewing this issue and may decide to integrate RFI into air travel emissions calculations. If international consensus is reached on the appropriate application of RFI, the WBG will revisit this issue.
CONTRACTOR-OWNED VEHICLES – SCOPE
Emissions from vehicles owned by contractors but used for World Bank Group business make up a small proportion of WBG’s emissions, but are included as a voluntary Scope 3 emissions source in the inventory. Emissions are calculated in the same manner as those for Scope 1 mobile emissions, however as the number of vehicles is not usually available and the emissions from vehicle refrigerants is considered de minimus, emissions from vehicle refrigerants are not calculated.
MAJOR MEETINGS
The World Bank Group and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) host two major meetings each year to discuss a range of issues related to poverty reduction, international economic development, and finance. Annually, about 10,000 people attend the meetings, including on average 3,500 members of delegations from the member countries of the Bank and the IMF, roughly 1,000 representatives of the media, and more than 5,000 visitors and special guests drawn primarily from private business, the banking community and NGOs. Because these meetings are a key aspect of the way the WBG does business, they are included in Scope 3 emissions reporting. The delegates attending the meeting, while not WBG staff, are travelling to the meeting site, staying in hotels, and using taxis to navigate around town because of the meetings, and therefore the related emissions are considered to be under our operational control. Key emissions from these meeting include air travel emissions, electricity emissions from hotel stays and mobile combustion emissions from within city transportation. Additionally, if the meeting is hosted at a non-Bank owned facility, emissions from the venue are also calculated.
Estimating Business Travel Emissions from Meetings
To estimate emissions from business travel related to major meetings, a list of delegate attendees is obtained from a Conferences Officer from the Joint Secretariat for the Bank/Fund Conferences. Because the meetings are hosted by both the WBG and IMF, the greenhouse gases assigned to delegates are divided up so that the IMF assumes responsibility for all delegates coming from IMFC countries (see Appendix H). The remaining countries are assumed to be representing WBG Member Countries. To estimate the air travel emissions associated with their flights to Washington, DC, it is assumed that each delegate is flying round
X Distance Traveled
(Passenger-km)
S-, M- or L-Haul Emission Factor
(CO2/Passenger-km)
Total Metric Tons CO2-e from Air
Travel =
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trip from the capital city airport to Washington Dulles (IAD) International Airport. Flight distances are estimated using an online calculator (http://www.airrouting.com/content/TimeDistanceForm.aspx) and multiplied by 2 to represent a round-trip flight. Each flight leg is then grouped into the appropriate short, medium or long haul threshold (see the section on Business Travel Emissions, above), multiplied by the appropriate emission factor, and summed to calculate air travel emissions for each meeting.
Estimating Emissions from Hotel Stay for Meeting Delegates
The next largest source of emissions from major meetings is the electricity associated with the hotel stay from each delegate. To estimate emissions associated with these stays, it is assumed that each delegate stays in a hotel room by themselves for four nights (the meetings span 3 days and two nights). An average energy consumption of 69.5 kWh/room/night is assumed, (personal communication with Manager – Social Responsibility and Community Engagement for Marriott International). This total electricity consumption for the stay is then multiplied by the appropriate electricity emissions factor for the location where the meeting is hosted (in most cases this will be the emission factor for the RFC East subregion in the United States). These emissions are then summed to calculate total hotel-room related emissions for the meeting.
Estimating Emissions from Delegate Travel from Airport to Meeting Venue
The other source of emissions related to these major meetings is from delegate travel from the airport to the
meeting venue. A conservative assumption is made that most meeting delegates will travel by themselves using taxis or other car services. For meetings hosted in Washington, DC, the distance is assumed to be 42 km, which is the distance by road from Dulles International Airport and the World Bank’s Main Complex building. This distance is multiplied by the number of attendees and by two to represent a round trip voyage. It is then converted to miles and multiplied by the appropriate emission factor for grams of CO2-e per passenger-mile (Appendix C), which are then summed to calculate total delegate travel from the airport to the meeting venue.
Estimating Emissions from Meeting Venue
Emissions from the meeting venue are another source of emissions related to organizing and holding a major meeting. Every Spring Meeting and two out of every three Annual Meetings are hosted at the World Bank and IMF premises and therefore the energy use from the meeting venue is already captured as outlined in this IMP. If a meeting is held in an external venue, the preferred methodology for estimating emissions from the energy consumed by the venue is to prorate the total annual energy use of the venue by the number of days the venue is used for the meeting. For example, if a large convention center in Tokyo has an electricity consumption of 50,000 MWh per year, and the Annual Meetings are hosted at this facility for 3 days, then 50,000 MWh is divided by 365 days and multiplied by 3 days to calculate the electricity consumption for the meeting. This electricity consumption is then multiplied by the regional electricity emissions factor to calculate the emissions related to the meeting venue.
DATA MANAGEMENT
ACTIVITY DATA AND DATA MANAGEMENT
WBG Data Collection
The WBG continued to centralize GHG emissions data collection and management in FY14 by using a Web-based inventory management database called Credit360. The online system, accessible to registered data
owners via http://worldbank.credit360.com, allows users to input activity data via a simple online survey that collects information on energy use, refrigerant purchases, and business travel. Data is also collected on recycling habits, volunteer hours, water use, financial donations, and energy efficiency initiatives.
Data owners in country offices are typically resource management staff or designated “champions” who work with the appropriate staff to collect the necessary information. A notification is sent to data owners in the first quarter of each fiscal year alerting them that annual Carbon Footprint Survey is available. The system is secure and requires data providers (“Users”) to log in with a username and password. This method also provides an audit trail, so it is clear which staff member is entering the data. Upon log-in, users are
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provided links to each office that they have been assigned, and answer questions in the form of an online survey.
As previously mentioned, offices with five or fewer employees are provided an option to (a) default to estimated emissions for electricity use and refrigerants, and (b) to exempt the office from reporting on-site fuel and mobile sources. These options are provided assuming the difficulty in obtaining this data, probable inaccuracy, and the insignificant percentage it represents of the WBGs’ overall carbon inventory.
In a few cases, offices have more than 5 employees but do not respond to the survey, either due to lack of staffing, neglect or other reasons. In these cases, the Sustainability Coordinator in charge of the WBG GHG inventory responds to the survey for the office, entering required information on office size, but triggering the estimates for when no data is entered for electricity and refrigerant use by picking “Exempt-Less than 5 employees” so that the Credit360 system is prompted to use the estimates detailed in the sections above. This was required for 21 WB offices and 10 IFC offices in FY 14.
To collect GHG emissions at WBG facilities in Washington, DC, engineers, building managers, real estate experts, travel management officers, and HR analytics officers identified in the “Management Tools” section are asked to submit their respective data sets for the fiscal year.
Data Sources
Scope 1 direct emissions data from on-site fuel use typically comes from fuel-purchase receipts or records maintained by facility managers of owned buildings and from building managers or landlords for leased buildings.
Scope 1 emissions data for mobile sources typically come from fuel-purchase receipts. Where fuel purchase data is not available, typically driver log information on fuel purchases or mileage is used.
Scope 1 emissions data from fugitive refrigerant emissions come from service records from the landlord or facility manager and are submitted to WBG data owners on an as-needed basis.
Scope 2 emissions from electricity usage typically come from landlords for leased buildings and from monthly electric utility bills for owned buildings.
Scope 3 optional emissions data for business travel initiated from Washington, DC is reported through the WBG’s Travel Office, which uses a travel management contractor, currently American Express. American Express creates itineraries for each traveler’s trip and data is recorded in SAP through a Statement of Expense system. Itineraries for global employees must also be recorded in the statement of expense system for travel to be approved and authorized. This data is combined and summarized and reported at all organizational levels, from vice presidential units (VPUs) down to the individual traveler.
Headquarters Specific: USA
Scope 1 emissions data from fugitive refrigerant emissions come from service records from the facility contractor, Donohoe, submitted to WBG engineers on an as-needed basis.
At the WB, the CR team coordinates the assignment of roles and responsibilities for GHG inventory data management, collects relevant data from assigned staff, and then calculates the GHG inventory. At the IFC, the Footprint Program Officer coordinates the assignment of roles and responsibilities for GHG
inventory data management, collects the relevant data from assigned staff, and then calculates the GHG inventory. Scope 1 emissions data for all tracked emission sources are given in Table 7.
Table 7. Data Origins for Scope 1 Emission Sources
Source Data Tracked Data Origin Vendor Source Record Responsibility
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Boilers and generators
Quantity of fuel consumed
Purchasing records and utility bills
Washington Gas GSDCR CHRFM
Air conditioning
Quantity of refrigerant replaced, removed
Service records
Donohoe
GSDCR CHRFM
Mobile combustion sources
Fuel purchased
Departmental fuel logs, purchasing card records
NA
GSDSO, GSDCR, GSDSS, GSDMS, CHRFM
Source: TK
Scope 2 emissions from electricity usage at WBG-owned buildings are assessed through electric utility bills (kWh) consumption records (Table 8).
Table 8. Data Origins for Scope 2 Emission Sources
Source Data Tracked Data Origin Vendor Source Record Responsibility
Electricity
Quantity of electricity consumed (kWh)
Utility bill PEPCO GSDCR CHRFM
Source: TK
QUALITY ASSURANCE
The WBG staff—the WB CR team and the IFC Footprint Program Officer—annually review the data collection process during the inventory development process to improve accuracy and fill data gaps. To provide a level of quality assurance with the country office activity data, all office surveys are reviewed in detail and clarifying questions are sent to key contacts. When clarifying information is not received, data is taken out of the inventory if it has a large potential for error and will skew inventory results. In these cases an estimate is made when possible. In the new data management system, Credit360, this whole process of data entry, returned data, omitted data, and accepted data is captured for auditing purposes.
Beginning with the FY 11 inventory, automated data validation was used in the data management system. If data entered fell outside of pre-determined upper- and lower-bounds, an explanation was required by the person entering the data with information on the percentage difference compared to the previous year. If no explanation was given, the data survey could not be submitted to the approver. The thresholds for this automated data validation can be found in Appendix I.
Additional steps are taken to ensure the highest level of data quality:
To submit a survey, a data owner from a country office must have responded to all required questions.
The Environmental Specialist for the World Bank reviews each response of the on-line survey once it has been submitted before it is merged into the main database. This staff member compares responses by looking at two things: 1) comparing the entry to the previous year’s response from the same office facility; 2) scanning for data points that may seem too high or too low for a particular activity data relative to the office size. If any clarifications or questions are required, the Env. Specialist uses the feedback modules available in Credit360 to query data points he may have a question about. The query is then sent to the data owner, who must address the query before re-submitting the data to the Env. Specialist for approval.
Once the majority of data is submitted, the Env Specialist does a second level of quality assurance for electricity usage data since this is the second largest source of emissions (second to air travel).
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The staff members exports data from Credit360 to calculate kWh usage per square meter for each office, and checks intensity figures for each office looking for any figures that are well above or below the average range for the region in which the office is located.
If any are found, these data owners are contacted for supporting documentation and clarification. If the supporting documentation is not available or no real data can be found, the electricity consumption for the office is instead estimated based on the regional intensity figure.
The electricity intensity report is then sent to the IFC Footprint Program Manager for further review to ensure all outlier figures have been identified and resolved.
DATA GAPS
Currently, data gaps exist for all emissions sources. The biggest gaps are for on-site fuel and refrigerant leakage data from developing country offices; however, both of these represent a very small percentage of the overall WBG GHG inventory (estimated less than 5 percent). Estimations are used to fill refrigerant data gaps, and previous years data, where available is used to fill on-site fuel use gaps, as explained in this IMP.
Prior to the use WBG’s Statement of Expense (SOE) system for global air travel data, air travel data had the biggest data gaps. However, data from this new system now provides exact distances for the majority of WBG staff air travel. The exception is for city pairs entered into the SOE system that are not matched up on either the Ticketed Point Mileage (TPM) table or the Maximum Permitted Mileage (MPM) table, both of which are used to calculate distances for each city pair. It is estimated that about 25% of air travel data from the SOE statement falls under this data gap. Estimations are used to fill these gaps as explained in this IMP.
If a major known data gap is revealed, such as the reporting of a large amount of stationary fuel combustion for one fiscal year in an office but a lack of data in the next, the data gap will be filled by first making every effort possible to determine the activity data, and if this is not available, using the previous year’s data. However, if it is known that there has been a major change in the size of the office, and actual data is not available, the activity data will be estimated as detailed above.
Washington, DC specific
At the WBG Headquarters in Washington, DC, the following actions are undertaken to prevent errors:
GSDCR and CR will assess the list of WB management–controlled properties to ensure that the inventory includes all leased and owned facilities, as well as to confirm the area where possible. CHRFM and FP will assess the list of IFC management–controlled properties to ensure that the inventory includes all leased and owned facilities, as well as to confirm the area of all existing space.
GSDCR and CR will inventory each WB management–controlled facility for stationary fuel sources, including generators, boilers, and chillers. CHRFM and the FP will inventory each IFC management–controlled facility for stationary fuel sources including generators, boilers, and chillers.
GSDCR and CR will review all WB fuel records for the year to ensure that logs and invoices are consistent with reality. CHRFM and the FP will review all IFC fuel records for the year to ensure that logs and invoices are consistent with reality.
GSDCR and CHRFM will review utility bills provided by the utility company to ensure that the patterns are consistent with use. Upon changes to the bills, GSDCR will notify CR, and CHRFM will notify the FP, to update the inventory.
All “owners” of WBG vehicles will be responsible for their own fuel logs and reporting. This includes GSDCR, GSDSO, and GSDMS.
DATA SECURITY
Credit360 is a Web-based data management program based around an industrial strength database that is scalable, fine-grained, and sophisticated. It is designed to run over standard security protocols such as SSL for Web access.
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Core permissions, such as read and write access, are highly controlled by WB CR and IFC FP and documented. The list of users may be available upon request.
Information compiled for the purpose of the WBG GHG inventory will be maintained by WB CR and IFC FP. Both teams have file backup protection standard to the WBG’s data backup system.
CORPORATE REPORTING FREQUENCY
Facility data will be reported on an annual basis in time for annual inventory reporting, generally by the end of the second quarter of the fiscal year.
BASE YEAR
The WBG completed its first global GHG inventory in FY2007. The inventories in FY2007 and FY2008 were for learning and educational purposes—teaching country offices about carbon inventory data collection and identifying data gaps. The FY2009 inventory was the first using a Web-based survey, and was also used as a learning experience. The IFC has identified FY 2008 as their base year for reducing electricity use per workstation in their Washington, DC office. The World Bank has set FY 10 as their base year for reducing emissions from managed and owned offices by 10% by FY 17. ADJUSTMENTS TO BASE YEAR EMISSIONS – STRUCTURAL AND METHODOLOGY CHANGES
Structural changes include mergers, acquisitions, and divestments and/or outsourcing or in-sourcing of GHG emitting activities. Changes in the status of leased assets also are considered structural changes.
Methodology changes include changes in activity data accuracy, changes in emission factors, changes in electricity intensity or air travel intensity figures, and/or changes to the methodology used to calculate GHG emissions.
Discovery of significant errors in base year emissions calculations may necessitate a change in the base year emissions inventory. Significant structural or methodology changes in future years may necessitate an adjustment to the base year emissions to ensure that data are consistent and historically relevant. A “Significance Threshold” requiring a change in the base year emissions would be a 1 percent change in the total corporate-wide GHG emission inventory over or under the previous calculation (if no change were made).
Changes Due to New Emission Factors
If there is a change to published emission factor(s), the emission factors will be changed for each of the previous years as well as the current year, provided they meet the 1 percent Significance Threshold. By changing the emission factors for each of the previous reporting years, the emission calculations remain historically consistent and relevant since the same factors are used throughout.
Changes Due to Errors
Arithmetic and data entry mistakes can occur while recording and reporting emissions data. If errors are identified during subsequent year inventory reporting that trigger the Significance Threshold, corrections to the previous inventories will be made.
Changes Due to Data Accuracy and Availability
If new data are available on source emissions that were not previously available or if new methodologies result in obtaining more accurate data on source emissions, an adjustment to previous year may be required. In such cases the Significance Threshold will be evaluated to determine if adjustments to the past years’ inventories are warranted.
MANAGEMENT TOOLS
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ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
Each WBG office is encouraged to have a chart to track roles and responsibilities (Table 9). This IMP contains detailed roles and responsibilities for Washington, DC. For contacts for our global offices, please contact the WBG.
Table 9. Roles and Responsibilities for Data Reporting
Emission Source Location Department Responsible
Persons Responsible
Electricity, boilers,
generators, refrigeration
Owned WB buildings GSDCR
Robert Sensenig, Sr. Project Manager, GSDCR
Lead Engineer, Donohoe Facilities Services
Records are maintained in the following fashion: All utility records from electricity and natural gas consumption from owned buildings are kept in two forms: paper and electronic (in the World Bank’s accounting system, SAP). The paper form is filed twice within GSD. The process for electricity bills and for natural gas and diesel purchases for boilers and generators is as follows:
Diesel purchases for generators are recorded by the generator servicing company, Griffiths, as well as the engineer of the building containing the generator that was refilled. Griffiths sends a paper invoice that is filed with GSDCR as a hard copy. The hard copy of the bill is maintained by the World Bank. Refrigerant replacement and replenishment is recorded by the servicing company, Donohoe. Donohoe will submit an electronic report to the World Bank Contract Manager of each service instance with the quantity of refrigerant replaced or replenished. A hard copy of the report will be maintained by Donohoe in their World Bank office. The engineer for the building containing the chiller that was serviced will also maintain a copy of the file. The World Bank will maintain these records for three years as required by the EPA.
Electricity, boilers,
generators, refrigeration
Leased WB buildings GSDCR Hisao Kimura, Sr. Project
Manager, GSDCR
For leased buildings, records are maintained in the following fashion: The World Bank, as a leased building tenant, does not have direct access to utility bills from our leased buildings. Landlords are contacted on an as needed basis (at least annually for purposes of the carbon inventory) to seek the information. In line with standard industry practice, the utility data is provided to the World Bank on a prorated scale by square footage. This information is received by e-mail and retained indefinitely. In the absence of concrete data, estimations are made based on intensity rates (kWh/ft2).
Electricity, boilers,
generators, refrigeration
Owned IFC buildings CHRFM
Christopher Potkay, Contractor, Brandywine Realty Trust
Robert Pearlman, Sr. Facilities and Administration Officer,
CHRFM Records are maintained in the following fashion: All utility records from electricity and natural gas consumption from the IFC F building are kept in two forms: paper and electronic. The paper form is filed in the office of the IFC Chief Engineer, part of the Facilities Management team. The paper form is scanned, and electronic copies are stored in the shared network drive, and in the accounting software system, Avid, managed by Brandywine—IFC’s facilities management servicing company. On a monthly basis, the data is manually entered into spreadsheets organized by utility type (stored on IFC’s shared network drive)
Invoice generated and sent to the
World Bank
Invoice scanned
and filed in SAP
Original invoice
filed with GSD
Duplicate paper invoice filed with
accounting
Data tracked in All Building
Metrics1.xlsx
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Emission Source Location Department Responsible
Persons Responsible
and then imported into one footprint summary spreadsheet (also stored on IFC’s shared network drive). All these records are kept indefinitely. Refrigerant replacement and replenishment is recorded by the servicing company, Brandywine. Brandywine will submit an electronic report to the IFC Facilities Management team with the quantity of refrigerant replaced or replenished. A hard copy of the report will be maintained by Brandywine. The engineer for the building containing the chiller that was serviced will also maintain a copy of the file.
Mobile combustion sources
Owned WB vehicles
GSDCS GSDCR GSDMS
Cesar Palma Banzon, Program Assistant, GSDCS
Alfonso Magsalin, Asst Project Manager, GSDFR
Ben Moss, Project Manager, GSDMS
Fuel usage records are maintained in the following fashion: Fuel usage for vehicles is maintained and reported by individual units. For the majority of vehicles, which are owned by Security, the fuel usage is tracked as follows:
Business travel Travel booked through
American Express and other agencies
GSDTV and ITS Ashish Gour, ITS; Touhid
Mohammad Hanif, GSDTV
Records are maintained in the following fashion: This data is recorded in SAP through Statement of Expense reports by staff and reported through Business Warehouse to CR for the inventory calculation.
Source: TK
TRAINING
The purpose of the WBG’s training procedure is to ensure that training that pertains to the World Bank’s CR Program, IFC’s Footprint Program, and to the GHG inventory is maintained. Each WBG office will outline their training procedure and update the IMP as necessary.
Headquarters Specific: USA
At the WBG Headquarters in Washington, DC the task of maintaining the inventory is limited to the WB’s CR and GSDCR and IFC FP; thus, currently, training will be targeted to the specific needs of individual CR and IFC FP staff and may entail the following:
Attending relevant conferences,
Reviewing GHG Protocol guidance annually
Attending various trainings with outside groups, such as the GHG Institute e-learning, U.S. Green Building Council, the Environmental Protection Agency, and U.S. Department of Energy
DOCUMENT RETENTION AND CONTROL POLICY
Washington, DC specific
See “Roles and Responsibilities” section for Washington, DC offices process.
AUDITING AND VERIFICATION
Driver fills up
vehicle with p-card Driver notes mileage down on receipt
Driver gives receipt (which lists number of gallons and mileage) to the Customer Service
Representative.
The Representative retains the p-card statement and receipts to fill in spreadsheet
GSD Resource Manager authorizes payment
and maintains records for three years
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INTERNAL AUDITING
The WBG will conduct a desktop review of the corporate GHG inventory each year. Based on this review, any office triggering a Significance Threshold will in turn trigger the need for an internal verification review of that site. EXTERNAL AUDITING
The WBG will periodically hire a third-party, outside reviewer of the Inventory Management Plan and the corporate GHG inventory. Should an external audit be warranted, the WBG will contract a third-party audit. ERT-Winrock conducted a verification of the WBG FY07 inventory and IMP in FY08, while WSP Environment and Energy reviewed the FY 09 Inventory and IMP in FY 10 and the FY 11 Inventory and FY 12 IMP. Additionally, the IMP and IFC’s GHG inventory are reviewed annually as a part of the IFC annual report auditing procedures. MANAGEMENT REVIEW
Annually, upon completion of the GHG inventory, the GHG inventory results will be presented to the World Bank Corporate Responsibility Oversight Committee, comprised of senior management representatives from SDN, GSD, Treasury, Corporate Finance and Risk and External Communications..
CORRECTIVE ACTION
Corrective actions will be implemented at the direction of the WB CR and IFC FP in response to a desktop review and/or an internal or external audit identifying a Significance Threshold criteria item or other significant structural or methodological issue that warrants corrective action. Such corrective actions will be documented by changes to the IMP and/or the GHG Inventories. Changes to document, inventories, plans, and so forth are subject to the IMP Document Retention and Control Policy.
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APPENDIX A: STATIONARY EMISSION FACTORS
Stationary Emissions Factors
Fuel Type CO2
(kg/MMBtu)
CH4
(kg/MMBtu)
N2O (kg/MMBtu
) CO2eq Unit Heat Content
Natural Gas
52.9515 0.005275 0.000105
5 53.1148
kg CO2eq/ MMBtu
988 Btu/ft3 HHV
5.31148 kg CO2eq/ therm
1.88953 kg CO2eq/m3
2.70 kg CO2eq/kg
Gas/Diesel
Oil
78.1755 0.01055 0.00063 78.59 kg CO2eq/ MMBtu
0.13
6
MMBtu/gal HHV
2.6991 kg CO2eq/l
10.217 kg CO2eq/gal
Residual Fuel Oil (#5 & 6)
81.657 0.01055 0.00063 81.657 kg CO2eq/ MMBtu
0.143
MMBtu/gal HHV
Motor Gasoline
73.1115 0.01055 0.00063 73.529 kg CO2eq/ MMBtu 0.12
4
MMBtu/gal HHV 2.3272 kg CO2eq/l
LPG/Propane
66.57 0.005275 0.000105
5 66.98828
kg CO2eq/ MMBtu 0.08
4
MMBtu/gal HHV 1.49979 kg CO2eq/ l
Kerosene 75.8545 0.01055 0.00063 76.27228
kg CO2eq/ MMBtu 0.13
2
MMBtu/gal HHV 2.46482 kg CO2eq/l
Source: WRI. Calculation Tool for Direct Emissions from Stationary Combustion. Calculation worksheets. December 2007. Version 3.1
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APPENDIX B: REFRIGERANT EMISSIONS
PFC Type GWP Source
PFC-14 6,500 Calculating HFC and PFC Emissions from the Manufacturing, Servicing, and/or Disposal of Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Equipment. Calculation Worksheets. Version 1.0. GWPs draw from Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Second Assessment Report http://www.ipcc.ch/ipccreports/assessments-reports.htm
PFC-116 9,200
PFC-218 7,000
PFC-3-1-10 7,000
PFC-c318 8,700
PFC-4-1-12 7,500
PFC-5-1-14 7,400
Global Warming Potentials
GHG Type GWP Source
CO2 1
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Fourth Assessment Report
http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/en/ch2s2-10-2.html CH4 25
N2O 298
SF6 23,900
Refrigerants
HCFC Type GWP Source
R-11 4,600 Only used to measure supplemental emissions GWPs drawn from Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Second Assessment Report http://www.ipcc.ch/ipccreports/assessments-reports.htm
R-22 1,700
HFC Type GWP Source
R-23 11,700
Calculating HFC and PFC Emissions from the Manufacturing, Servicing, and/or Disposal of Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Equipment. Calculation Worksheets. Version 1.0. GWPs draw from Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Second Assessment Report http://www.ipcc.ch/ipccreports/assessments-reports.htm
R-41 150
R-123 120
R-125 2,800
R-134 1,000
R-134a 1,300
R-143 300
R-143a 3,800
R-152a 140
R-227ea 2,900
R-236fa 6,300
R-245ca 560
R-R407c 1,526
HFC-4310mee
1,300
R-404a 3,260
R-410a 1,725
R-227ea 3,500
Vehicle Refrigerant Charge Factors
Vehicle Type
Charge Factor (kg)
Source
Passenger Car
0.8
EPA Refrigerant Guidance, 2004, Table 2 Light Truck 1.2
Aircraft 6.4
Cooling Factor
Region Ft2 per cooling ton
Source
USA 500 Cooling intensity for region per Dan Sobrinski, WSP Energy and Environment
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APPENDIX C: MOBILE FUEL EMISSION FACTORS
CO2-equivalent Emission Factors
Fuel type CO2 Units Source
Gasoline 0.002327152 tCO2eq/l WRI. CO2 Emissions from Business Travel. Version 2.0. http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/1605/techassist.html
Gasoline 0.008809225 tCO2eq/gal
Diesel 0.002699055 tCO2eq/l
Diesel 0.010217028 tCO2eq/gal
LPG 0.001499790 tCO2eq/l
LPG 0.005677320 tCO2eq/gal
N2O, CH4 Emission Factors – Used for Country Offices
Fuel Type
CH4 N2O CH4 N2O Vehicle Type
kg/gal kg/gal kg/l kg/l
Gasolin
e
0.000330
75
0.000177
75
0.0000873
7 0.0000469
Passenger Car - Gasoline -
Year 2005-present
Diesel 0.000011 0.000022 2.90621E-
06 5.81242E-06 Passenger Car - Diesel - Year 1983-present
LPG 0.000599
4 0.001085
4 0.000158 0.000286 Light Goods Vehicle - LPG Source: GHG Protocol Stationary and Mobile Emission Factors, Table 7 Note: N2O, CH4 were calculated using average vehicle fuel economy. WB/IFC only has volume (gallons or liters) of fuel consumption and the CH4 and N2O factors are per distance (mi or km) traveled. As a result, a corporate average fuel economy was assumed to be 22 mpg.
Within-city emission factors used for calculating travel for major meetings
Mode of Transport kgC02/ passenger-mile
gCO2/ passenger-mile
gCH4/ passenger-mile
gN2O/ passenger-mile
gCO2-e /passenger mile
Car 0.3738261 373.83 0.0147 0.0079 376.5838
Light-duty Truck 0.519 519.00 0.036 0.047 534.326
Motorcycle 0.167 167.00 0.07 0.007 170.64
Bus 0.107 107.00 0.0006 0.0005 107.1676
Intercity Rail 0.185 185.00 0.002 0.001 185.352
Commuter Rail 0.172 172.00 0.002 0.001 172.352
Transit Rail (Trams and Subways)
0.163 163.00 0.004 0.002 163.704
N2O, CH4 Emission Factors – Used in U.S. Only
Vehicle Type Fuel Type N2O CH4
Passenger Cars
Gasoline
g/mi g/mi
1984–1993 0.0647 0.0704
1994 0.056 0.0531
1995 0.0473 0.058
1996 0.0426 0.0272
1997 0.0422 0.0268
1998 0.0393 0.0249
1999 0.0337 0.0216
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N2O, CH4 Emission Factors – Used in U.S. Only
Vehicle Type Fuel Type N2O CH4
2000 0.0273 0.0178
2001 0.0158 0.011
2002 0.0153 0.0107
2003 0.0135 0.0114
2004 0.0083 0.0145
2005 0.0079 0.0147
Vans, Pickups, SUVs
Gasoline
g/mi g/mi
1987–1993 0.1035 0.0813
1994 0.0982 0.0646
1995 0.0908 0.0517
1996 0.0871 0.0452
1997 0.0871 0.0452
1998 0.0728 0.0391
1999 0.0564 0.0321
2000 0.0621 0.0346
2001 0.0164 0.0151
2002 0.0228 0.0178
2003 0.0114 0.0155
2004 0.0132 0.0152
2005 0.0101 0.0157
Heavy-duty Vehicles
Gasoline
g/mi g/mi
1985–1986 0.0515 0.409
1987 0.0849 0.3675
1988–1989 0.0933 0.3492
1990–1995 0.1142 0.3246
1996 0.168 0.1278
1997 0.1726 0.0924
1998 0.1693 0.0641
1999 0.1435 0.0578
2000 0.1092 0.0493
2001 0.1235 0.0528
2002 0.1307 0.0546
2003 0.124 0.0533
2004 0.0285 0.0341
2005 0.0177 0.0326
Other Non-highway g/gal g/gal
Small Utility Gasoline 0.22 0.5
Large Utility Diesel 0.26 0.58
Passenger Cars
Diesel
g/mi g/mi
1960–1982 0.0012 0.0006
1983–1995 0.001 0.0005
1996–2004 0.001 0.0005
Light Trucks g/mi g/mi
1960–1982 0.0017 0.0011
1983–1995 0.0014 0.0009
1996–2004 0.0015 0.001
Heavy-duty Vehicles g/mi g/mi
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N2O, CH4 Emission Factors – Used in U.S. Only
Vehicle Type Fuel Type N2O CH4
1960–1982 0.0048 0.0051
1983–1995 0.0048 0.0051
1996–2004 0.0048 0.0051
Source: EPA Climate Leaders. "Direct Emissions From Mobile Combustion Sources.” May 2008
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APPENDIX D: PURCHASED ELECTRICITY
CO2 Emssion Factors from Year 2011 factors from table "CO2 Emissions from CO2 emissions per kWh from electricity generation", page 110, an excerpt from the IEA document "CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion - Highlights (2013 Edition)", IEA, Paris. See http://www.iea.org/co2highlights/. CH4/N2O: International Electricity Emission Factors by Country, 1999-2002.xls. International Energy Agency, as cited by EIA for 1605b. http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/1605/emission_factors.html
Region lb CO2/ MWh
lb CH4/ MWh
lb N2O/ MWh Source Notes
Albania 15 0.006 0.001
Algeria 1,226 0.033 0.004
Angola 860 0.030 0.006
Argentina 860 0.013 0.002
Armenia 271 0.021 0.002
Australia - New South Wales 1,918 0.022 0.028
Australia: 'Latest Estimate' factors from Source: National Greenhouse Gas Accounts (NGA) Factors, July, 2013. "Table 41: Scope 2 and 3 emissions factors - consumption of purchased electricity by end users--EF for Scope 2 (column A)" - New South Wales
Austria 474 0.008 0.005
Azerbaijan 1,003 0.087 0.016
Bangladesh 1,243 0.052 0.006
Belarus 972 0.054 0.007
Belgium 432 0.009 0.006
Benin 1,592 0.022 0.021
Bolivia 955 0.016 0.003
Bosnia-Herzegovina 2,147 0.024 0.034
Botswana 3,940 0.022 0.021
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Brazil 144 0.006 0.002
CO2 Emission Factors for uses that need Brazil’s National Interconnected System’s average emission factor, such as corporate inventories - Arquivos dos Fatores de Emissão: http://www.mct.gov.br/index.php/content/view/317402.html#ancora (Year 2012 Annual Average Factor)
Bulgaria 1,303 0.024 0.030
Cambodia 1,748 0.049 0.015
Cameroon 441 0.002 0.000
China 1,684 0.032 0.041
Colombia 238 0.006 0.004
Côte d'Ivoire 963 0.022 0.002
Croatia 736 0.029 0.029
Democratic Republic of Congo 7 0.000 0.000
Dominican Republic 1,638 0.098 0.023
Ecuador 761 0.034 0.007
Egypt 1,008 0.030 0.004
El Salvador 536 0.039 0.008
Eritrea 1,872 0.085 0.017
Ethiopia 15 0.001 0.000
France 134 0.003 0.002
Gabon 833 0.022 0.004
Georgia 225 0.009 0.001
Germany 1,052 0.014 0.017
Ghana 474 0.015 0.003
Guatemala 631 0.046 0.013
Haiti 842 0.075 0.015
Honduras 818 0.037 0.007
India 1,887 0.037 0.043
Indonesia 1,664 0.045 0.019
Iran 1,274 0.041 0.006
Iraq 1,991 0.084 0.017
Italy 886 0.039 0.011
Jamaica 1,367 0.082 0.016
Japan 1,096 0.019 0.010
Jordan 1,404 0.084 0.017
Kazakhstan 950 0.042 0.047
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Kenya 648 0.030 0.006
Kosovo 2,445 0.015 0.011
Kuwait 1,735 0.073 0.014
Kyrgyz Republic 99 0.005 0.004
Lebanon 1,559 0.088 0.018
Macedonia 1,788 0.040 0.054
Mexico 992 0.037 0.005
Moldova 1,071 0.029 0.029
Mongolia 1,845 0.049 0.015
Montenegro 1,440 0.028 0.040
Morocco 1,607 0.041 0.032
Mozambique 2 0.022 0.021
Nepal 2 0.002 0.000
Nicaragua 1,038 0.093 0.019
Nigeria 955 0.032 0.004
Pakistan 902 0.070 0.012
Panama 787 0.036 0.007
Paraguay 0 0.000 0.000
Peru 655 0.012 0.003
Philippines 1,085 0.034 0.017
Poland 1,720 0.024 0.034
Republic of Congo 507 0.022 0.021
Romania 1,100 0.032 0.025
Russian Federation 963 0.030 0.015
Rwanda 1,162 0.021 0.016
Saudi Arabia 1,662 0.059 0.011
Senegal 1,519 0.084 0.017
Serbia-Montenegro 1,728 0.028 0.040
Singapore 1,102 0.088 0.016
Slovak Republic 441 0.008 0.007
South Africa 1,916 0.024 0.036
Sri Lanka 1,034 0.060 0.012
Sudan 450 0.043 0.009
Switzerland 66 0.001 0.000
Tajikistan 26 0.001 0.000
Tanzania 635 0.006 0.002
Thailand 1,151 0.043 0.011
Togo 454 0.022 0.021
Trinidad and Tobago 1,116 0.018 0.002
Tunisia 1,003 0.035 0.004
Turkey 1,041 0.025 0.014
Turkmenistan 2,167 0.043 0.004
Uganda 635 0.006 0.002
Ukraine 992 0.023 0.022
United Arab Emirates 1,323 0.027 0.003
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United Kingdom 1,059 0.000 0.021
UK: 2013 Guidelines to Defra / DECC's GHG Conversion Factors for Company Reporting. Year 2011 Factors, For Electricity CONSUMED
United States - New York 622.42 0.024 0.003
Year 2010 eGRID Subregion Emission Factors (Source: Ninth Edition with year 2010 data, Version 1.0, Released 2/24/2014)
Subregion NYCW
United States - District of Columbia 1,001.72 0.018 0.025 Subregion RFCE
United States - Maryland 1,001.72 0.018 0.025 Subregion RFCE
United States - Pennsylvania 1,001.72 0.018 0.025 Subregion RFCE
United States - Virginia 1,073.65 0.022 0.017 Subregion SRVC
Uruguay 434 0.006 0.001
Uzbekistan 1,232 0.044 0.008
Venezuela 516 0.014 0.002
Vietnam 946 0.029 0.009
Yemen 1,396 0.114 0.023
Zambia 7 0.000 0.000
Zimbabwe 789 0.022 0.021
Afghanistan 1,486 0.030 0.023 CO2 Emssion Factors from Year 2011 factors from table "CO2 Emissions from CO2 emissions per kWh from electricity generation", page 110, an excerpt from the IEA document "CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion - Highlights (2013 Edition)", IEA, Paris. See http://www.iea.org/co2highlights/. Category used in table found in column to the right. N2O and CH4 factors calculated by taking US Average from Egrid2012 V 1.0, May 2012 ratio of CH4 and N2O emission factor to CO2 (See cells A30:C32), then multiplying ratios by CO2 emission factor for each respective GHG.
Middle East Average
Bhutan 694 0.012 0.009 Other Asia
Burkina Faso 1,162 0.021 0.016 Other Africa
Burundi 1,162 0.021 0.016 Other Africa
Central African Republic 1,162 0.021 0.016 Other Africa
Chad 1,162 0.021 0.016 Other Africa
Gambia, The 1,162 0.021 0.016 Other Africa
Guinea 1,162 0.021 0.016 Other Africa
Guinea-Bissau 1,162 0.021 0.016 Other Africa
Guyana 626 0.011 0.008 Other non-OECD Americas
Lao P.D.R. 694 0.012 0.009 Other Asia
Lesotho 1,162 0.021 0.016 Other Africa
Liberia 1,162 0.021 0.016 Other Africa
Madagascar 1,162 0.021 0.016 Other Africa
Malawi 1,162 0.021 0.016 Other Africa
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Mali 1,162 0.021 0.016 Other Africa
Mauritania 1,162 0.021 0.016 Other Africa
Mauritius 1,162 0.021 0.016 Other Africa
Niger 1,162 0.021 0.016 Other Africa
Papua New Guinea 694 0.045 0.019 Other Asia
Samoa 694 0.012 0.009 Other Asia
Sierra Leone 1,162 0.021 0.016 Other Africa
Solomon Islands 694 0.012 0.009 Other Asia
South Sudan 450 0.043 0.009 Sudan
Timor Leste 694 0.012 0.009 Other Asia
Vanuatu 694 0.012 0.009 Other Asia
West Bank and Gaza 1,603 0.030 0.023 Israel
APPENDIX E: AIR TRAVEL EMISSIONS FACTORS
Trip Type
Flight Length†
kgCO2
/ passenger-mile
gCH4/ passen
ger-mile
gN2O/ passenger-
mile kgCO2eq / passenger-mile
Source
Short Haul
<300 miles
0.286 0.0083 0.0091 0.289 Source: 2011 Guidelines to Defra / DECC's GHG Conversion Factors for Company Reporting.
Version 1.0 FINAL updated July 2011
Medium Haul
300–2,300 miles
0.168 0.0008 0.0053 0.170
Long Haul
>2,300 miles
0.193 0.0008 0.0062 0.195
Unknown Distance
N/A 0.1902
Total kg of emissions from known distance
flights divided by total passenger-miles from
known flights †Flight length determined from UK Defra “Guidelines to Defra/DECC’s GHG Conversion Factors for Company Reporting” Updated June, 2010. See Annex 6 “Passenger Transport Conversion Tables”, footnote 14. http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/business/reporting/pdf/101006-guidelines-ghg-conversion-factors.pdf
APPENDIX F: WORLD BANK GROUP FY 14 MASTER LOCATION LIST
Air Travel Emission Factors
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Agency Region Country City Address
IFC
Sub-Saharan Africa (CAF)
Burkina Faso Ouagadougou
Banque Mondiale Burkina Faso, 01 BP: 622 Ouagadougou 01
Burundi Bujumbura Banque Mondiale, Avenue de L'Aviation, Rohero 1
Cameroon Douala 96 Rue Flatters, Suite 305
Central African Republic Bangui Rue des Missions, PO Box 819
Chad N'Djamena
Avenue Charles de Gaulle, at Avenue du Commandant Lamy, Quartier Bololo
Côte d'Ivoire Abidjan
Immeuble Banque Mondiale, Cocody, Angle des rues Jacques Aka et Booker Washington, 01 BP 1850 Abidjan01
Democratic Republic of Congo Kinshasa 4847. Avenue Wagenia
Ethiopia Addis Ababa Addis Ababa, Africa Avenue, Bole Road PO Box 5515
Ghana Accra Plot No. 3, Ridge, Accra, Ghana
Kenya Nairobi
Caparo Building, 1st floor, Next to CBA Building, Upper Hill
Kenya Nairobi
Delta Center Menengai Road, Upper Hill PO Box 30557-00100,
Liberia Monrovia
The Villa Sangai, Sophie Community, Congo Town, Tubman Blvd.
Madagascar Antananarivo Anosy, Rue Andriamifidy L. Razafimanantsoa
Mali Bamako Boite Postale 1864
Mozambique Maputo Jose Craveirinha Street # 160, Caixa Postal 4053
Nigeria Lagos
Maersk House, Plot 121, Louis Solomon Close, Victoria Island
Rwanda Kigali
Immeuble Soras, Boulevard de la Revolution, Parcelle no 4522
Senegal Dakar
Bureau regional IFC Dakar Rue Aimé Césaire x Impasse FN 18 prolongee Fann Residence
Sierra Leone Freetown Bishop Building, 1st Floor, 13 Lamina Sankoh Street
South Africa Johannesburg No. 14 Fricker Road, Illovo Boulevard, Illovo, 2196
South Africa Johannesburg No. 4 Fricker Road, Illovo Boulevard, Illovo, 2196
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Tanzania Dar-es-Saleem 50 Mirambo Street
Uganda Kampala 1 Lumumba Ave, & 4,Nakasero Rd,
Zambia Lusaka Pyramid Plaza Building, Plot 746 Church Road, 2nd Floor
Guinea Conakry Immueble de L'Archeveche, Face Baie des Anges
South Sudan Juba
The World Bank Office, Government's Ministry Complex, Kololo Road
East Asia & the Pacific (CEA)
Australia Sydney Level 18, CML Building, 14 Martin Place
Cambodia Phnom Penh #70, Norodom Blvd, Sangkat Chey Chumnas, PO BOX 1115
China Beijing 1501, China World Tower 2, No. 1, Jian Guo Men Wai Ave.
China Chengdu
10th Floor, Hongda International Plaza, No.2 Xianan Road
China Hong Kong 14-F, One Pacific Place, 88 Queensway, Admiralty
Indonesia Jakarta
Jakarta Stock Exchange Building Tower 2, 9th floor Jl. Jend. Sudirman Kav 52-53
Lao P.D.R. Vientiane 90 Phone Xay Road, P.O.Box 9690
Mongolia Ulaanbaatar MCS Plaza Building, 4th floor, Seoul Street
Papua New Guinea Port Moresby Level 13, Deloitte Tower, Douglas Street
Philippines Davao City 90 and 92, Landco Building, JP Laurel Avenue, Bajada
Philippines Manila
2301 & 2201 One Global Place, 5th Avenue - Corner 25th Street, Bonifacio Global City
Solomon Islands Honiara Mud Alley
Thailand Bangkok 30th Floor, Siam Tower, 989 Rama 1 Road, Pathumwan
Timor Leste Dili Rua Dos Direitos Humanos
Vietnam Hanoi 3rd Floor, 63 Ly Thai To Street
Vietnam Ho Chi Minh City
Mekong Project Development Facility (MPDF) Unit 3B, 3rd Floor, Regency Chancellor Court, 21-23 Nguyen Thi Minh Khai Street, District 1
Myanmar Yangon 57 Pyay Road, Hlaing Township,, Yangon
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Singapore Singapore
World Bank Office 10 Marina boulevard Marina Bay Financial Center, Tower 2 #34 -02, Postcode 018389,
Vanuatu Port Vila
IFC Vanuatu Office, Level 4, Reserve Bank of Vanuatu Building, C/O Asian Development Bank, PO Box 3221
Central & Eastern Europe (CEU)
Albania Tirana
Advisory Services (PSD), Deshmoret e 4 Shkurtit, Sky Tower 8-1
Albania Tirana Deshmoret e 4 Shkurit, No. 34
Armenia Yerevan 9, G.Louisavorich Street
Azerbaijan Baku
90A Nizami street, The Landmark III Business Center, 3rd Floor
Belarus Minsk 4th floor, 6a, Partizansky Prospekt
Bosnia-Herzegovina Sarajevo IFC, Zmaja od Bosne bb (RBBH-Building B/III)
Bulgaria Sofia World Trade Center 36, 36 Dragan Tsankov Blvd.
Croatia Zagreb Radnicka cesta , 9th Floor, HR-100000
Georgia Tbilisi 5B, Nino Ramishvili Street
Kazakhstan Almaty 41-A Kazybek Bi street, 1st and 3d Floor
Kosovo Pristina Str. Muje Ulqinaku, Nr. 3, 10.000
Kosovo Pristina Rruga Prishtinë Fushë-Kosovë
Kyrgyz Republic Bishkek 214 Moskovskaya Street
Kyrgyz Republic Bishkek 4th floor, 6 Ryskulov St.
Macedonia Skopje
Vojvoda Vasil Adzilarski, b.b.; Business Center Soravia III Floor
Moldova Chisinau 20-1, Pushkin St
Poland Warsaw 53 Emilii Plater Street, 9th Floor
Romania Bucharest 31, Vasile Lascar Str.
Russian Federation Moscow 36 Bolshaya Molchanovka Street, Bld. 1, 3rd Floor
Serbia-Montenegro Belgrade st:Bulevar kralja Aleksandra 86-90, 3rd and 4th floor
Tajikistan Dushanbe 7 Abdullo Komandir Street
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Turkey Istanbul
Buyukdere Cad. No: 185, Kanyon Ofis Blogu Kat 19, Levent
Ukraine Kiev 1 Dniprovskyj Uzviz, 3rd floor Kyiv 01010, Ukraine
Uzbekistan Tashkent PEP, 107 B Amir Timur Street, 14th and 15th Floor
Latin America & the Caribbean (CLA)
Argentina Buenos Aires Edificio Bouchard Plaza, Bouchard 557, 11th. Floor
Bolivia La Paz Fernando Guachalla, No. 342, Piso 8, Edificio Victor
Brazil Rio De Janeiro Rua Redentor, 14, Ipanema
Brazil Sao Paulo
Edificio Torre Sul - , Rua James Joule No. 65 - 17th, 18th and 19th floors - Cidade Monções -
Colombia Bogota Cra. 7 No. 71-21 Torre A Piso 14
Dominican Republic Santo Domingo
Ave. Lope de Vega #29,Torre Novocentro, 10th Floor, Ensanche Naco
El Salvador San Salvador
Edificio Torre Futura 90 nivel, Locales 904-905, Calle El Mirador y 87 Avenida Norte, Col. Escalon
Guatemala Guatemala City 13 Calle 3-40 zona 10 Edificio Atlantis Niv. 14
Haiti Port-au-Prince 7, Rue Ogé, Pétion-Ville
Honduras Tegucigalpa
Centro Financiero CITI, 4to Piso, Boulevard San Juan Bosco, Colonial Payagui, Apartado Postal 3591, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
Jamaica Kingston Courtleigh Corporate Centre, 6 St. Lucia Avenue, 3rd Floor
Mexico Mexico City
Montes Urales 715, 5th floor. Col. Lomas de Chapultepec, CP 11000
Nicaragua Managua
Plaza Santo Domingo, Km. 6.5 Carretera a Masaya Edificio COBIRSA 2, 5to Piso
Peru Lima
Edificio Punta del Este, Avenida Miguel Dasso 104 - San Isidro, 3rd., 4th and 5th floors.
Trinidad and Tobago Port of Spain
5th floor, Newtown Centre, 30-36 Maraval Road, newtown
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Panama City Panama
N° 2105, NIVEL 2100, Building PH Ocean Business Plaza, Calle Aquilino de la Guardia and Calle 47, Urbanización Marbella
Middle East & North Africa (CME)
Afghanistan Kabul
The World Bank, Street no. 15, House No. 19, Opposite Palace # 8, Waxir Akbar Khan
Algeria Algeria 5 Bis Chemin Mackley Benaknoun
Algeria Algeria
Algeria Business Center - ABC Tower, 6th Floor, Pins Maritime. Mohammadia,
Egypt Cairo
PEP-MENA, Nile City Towers North Tower, 24th Floor & 25th Floor, 2005C, Corniche El Nil, Ramlet Boulac
Jordan Amman
Ahmed Orabi Street, Building 38, Shimeisani, P.O. Box 930375
Lebanon Beirut
Marfaa 119, Abdallah Bayhum Street, Bourie House Building, P O Box 11 - 8577
Morocco Rabat 7, rue Larbi Ben Abdellah
Pakistan Islamabad 20-A, Shahrah-e-Jamhuriat, Ramna 5 (G-5-1)
Pakistan Karachi 1st Floor, Bahria Complex-II, M.T. Khan Road
Pakistan Karachi
International Finance Corporation, 6th Floor, Bahria Complex-II, M.T. Khan Road
Saudi Arabia Riyadh
Diplomatic Quarter, United Nations Building, P.O. Box 5900
Tunisia Tunis
Immeuble Le Boulevard 3eme etage - Blocs A, B et C Les Berges du Lac II Tunis 1053
United Arab Emirates Dubai Level 10, West side, The Gate, D.I.F.C
West Bank and Gaza Gaza
PEP-MENA, P.O. Box 54842, West Bank & Gaza, Dahiet Al Barid, Near Rosary Sisters Convent, Jerusalem
Yemen Sanaa Off Beirut Street, Behind Sosowa Petrol Station
Iraq Baghdad World Bank Iraq, British Embassy Premises
South Asia (CSA)
Bangladesh Dhaka United House, 10 Gulshan Avenue, Gulshan 1
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Bhutan Thimphu
Lower Nozir Lam, BDFC Building,Norzam Lam,Chubabu
India Kolkata 4A Nandlal Bose Sarani, Little Russel Street
India Mumbai
Vibgyor Towers, 6th Floor, G Block, C-62 Bandra Kurla Complex, Bandra East, Mumbai 400 051
India New Delhi
Maruti Suzuki Building, 3 & 4th floor, Plot No. 1 Nelson Mandela Road, Vasant Kunj
Nepal Kathmandu Yak and Yeti Complex , Durbar Marg
Sri Lanka Colombo 15th Floor, DHPL Building, 42 Navam Mawatha
Part 1 Countries
Belgium Brussels Avenue Marnix, 17
France Paris 66, avenue d'Iéna
Germany Frankfurt Bockenheimer Landstrasse 43
Japan Tokyo
10th Floor, Fokoku Seimei Building, 2-2-2 Uchisaiwai-cho, Chiyoda-Ku
United Kingdom London 12th Floor Millbank Tower, 21-24 Millbank
Austria Vienna
IFC CO - Investment Climate Dept, Galaxy 21, Praterstrasse 31- Flr 18, A-1020 The World Bank Group,
United States
United States District of Columbia 2121 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Washington
World Bank (IBRD)
Sub-Saharan Africa (AFR)
Angola Luanda No. 23-25, Maculusso
Benin Cotonou
Route de l'Aeroport, Avenue Jean-Paul II Face Hotel Marina ex-Sheraton
Botswana Gaborone Time Square, Plot 134, Independence Ave
Burkina Faso Ouagadougou 179, Avenue du President Saye Zerbo
Burundi Bujumbura Avenue de l'Aviation, Rohero 1
Cameroon Yaoundé Nouvelle Route Bastos rue 1.767
Central African Republic Bangui rue des Missions
Chad N'Djamena
Avenue Charles de Gaulle et Avenue Mahamat Ali Younousmi Jackson
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Côte d'Ivoire Abidjan
Cocody - Angle des rues Booker Washington and Jacques Aka
Democratic Republic of Congo Kinshasa
49, Boulevard Tshatshi, Kinshasa-Gombe
Ethiopia Addis Ababa
Africa Avenue (Bole Road) Wello Sefer Kirkos Sub City Wereda 02 House No. 676
Gabon Libreville Quartier: Derrière le Palais de Justice, P.O. Box 4027
Gambia, The Banjul c-o UN House, Koffi Annan Street, Cape Point
Ghana Accra 69 Dr. Isert Road, North Ridge Residential Area
Guinea Conakry Immeuble de l'Archeveche, Face Baie des Anges
Guinea-Bissau Bissau Av. Francisco Mendes, C.P 214, Bissau Codex 1124
Kenya Nairobi Delta Center Building Menengai Road, Upper Hill.
Lesotho Maseru UN House, 13 United Nations Road
Liberia Monrovia German Embassy Compound, Congo Town
Madagascar Antananarivo Rue Andriamifidy L. Razafimanantsoa, Anosy
Malawi Lilongwe Mulanje House, Plot 13-57 Off Presidential Way, City Centre
Mali Bamako Immeuble SOGEFIH, Centre Commercial, Rue 32
Mali Bamako
AVENUE DU MALI, IMMEUBLE WALY DIAWARA; HAMDALLAYE ACI -2000
Mauritania Nouakchott Villa No 30, Lot A, Quartier Socogim Tevrragh Zaina
Mauritius Port-Louis 3rd Floor Médine Mews, Chaussee Street
Mozambique Maputo Avenue Kenneth Kaunda, 1224
Niger Niamey 187, rue des Dallols
Nigeria Abuja 102, Yakubu Gowon Crescent, Asokoro District
Republic of Congo Brazzaville
Immeuble BDEAC, 2è étage, Boulevard Denis Sassou Nguesso
Rwanda Kigali Blvd. de la Revolution, SORAS building
Senegal Dakar Corniche Ouest X, David Diop
Sierra Leone Freetown Africanus House, 13A Howe Street
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South Africa Pretoria
442 Rodericks Road, Corner Lynnwood and Rodericks Roads
South Sudan Juba
Ministry Complex, Kololo Road, Adjacent to Ministry of Health
Sudan Khartoum Plot 39, Street 39, Khartoum East (II)
Tanzania Dar-es-Salaam 50 Mirambo St
Togo Lomé
Cite de l'OUA (entre la Residence Ambassadeur du Ghana et la Primature)
Uganda Kampala
Plot 1, Lumumba Ave, Rwenzori House, 1st, 4th, 5th, and 6th floors
Zambia Lusaka BancABC, 746B, Church Road, Cathedral Hill, Lusaka
Zimbabwe Harare 88 Nelson Mandela Avenue
East Asia & the Pacific (EAP)
Australia Sydney Level 19, 14 Martin Place, CML Building
Cambodia Phnom Penh 113 Norodom Boulevard
China Beijing 16th Floor, China World Tower 2
Indonesia Jakarta Indonesia Stock Exchange Bldg, Tower 2, 12th Floor
Indonesia Jakarta PSF Jakarta Office
Kirabati Tarawa
c-o Ministry of Finance & Economic Development Building, 1st Floor
Lao P.D.R. Vientiane Pathou Xay - Nehru Road
Mongolia Ulaanbaatar 5th Floor, MCS Plaza Building, Seoul Street-4
Papua New Guinea Port Moresby Level 13, Deloitte Tower, P.O. Box 1877
Philippines Manila 26th Floor, One Global Place, 5th Avenue corner 25th street
Samoa Apia Level 6, Central Bank Building, Beach Road
Singapore Singapore
10 Marina Boulevard, Marina Bay Financial Center, Tower 2, #34-02
Solomon Islands Honiara Mud Alley PO Box 1744
Thailand Bangkok 30th Floor, Siam Tower, 989 Rama 1 Road
Timor-Leste Dili Avenida Dos Direitos Humanos
Vanuatu Port Vila
The World Bank Group & ADB Level 5, Reserve Bank Building,
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Vietnam Hanoi 63 Ly Thai To, 8th Floor
Eastern Europe and Central Asia (ECA)
Albania Tirana Ibrahim Rugova Street, Vila No 34,
Armenia Yerevan 9 Grigor Lusavorich Street, 6th Floor
Austria Vienna Praterstrasse 31 - 19th Floor
Azerbaijan Baku
90A Nizami street, The Landmark III Business Center, 5th Floor
Belarus Minsk 2A Gertsen Street, 2nd Floor
Bosnia-Herzegovina Sarajevo UNITIC Tower B, Fra Andjela Zvizdovica 1
Bulgaria Sofia 36 Dragon Tsankov Blvd. Block A, 5th Floor
Croatia Zagreb Radnicka cesta 80-IX
Georgia Tbilisi 5A, Nino Ramishvili Street
Kazakhstan Almaty 41-A Kazybek bi Street, 4th Floor
Kazakhstan Astana 12 Samal Microdistrict, 14th Floor
Kosovo Pristina Rruga Prishtinë Fushë-Kosovë
Kyrgyz Republic Bishkek 214, Moskovskaya Str.
Macedonia Skopje 34 Leninova Street
Moldova Chisinau 20-1, Pushkin St
Montenegro Podgorica Bul. Sv. Petra Cetinjskog br.
Poland Warsaw 53, Emilii Plater St, Warsaw Financial Center, 9th Floor
Romania Bucharest U T I Building, 6th Floor, 31 Vasile Lascar str.
Russian Federation Moscow Bolshaya Molchanovka 36-1
Serbia Belgrade Bulevar Kralja Aleksandra 86-90
Tajikistan Dushanbe 48 Aini Str. Business Center "Sozidanie", block A, 3rd Floor
Turkey Ankara Ugur Mumcu Caddesi No. 88, Kat: 2
Turkmenistan Ashgabat Galkynysh Street, 40
Ukraine Kyiv 1, Dniprovsky Uzviz
Uzbekistan Tashkent 107 B, Amir Timur str.
Latin America & the Caribbean (LAC)
Argentina Buenos Aires Bouchard 547, 28th and 29th Floors
Bolivia La Paz
Edificio Victor, piso 9, Calle Fernando Guachalla #342 - Sopocachi
Brazil Brasilia Setor Comercial Norte Quadra 02, Lote A- Edificio
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Colombia Bogota Carrera 7 No.71-21, Torre A, piso 16
Dominican Republic Santo Domingo Avda. Lope de Vega #29 Torre Novo Centro, piso 10
Ecuador Quito Calle 12 de Octubre 1830 y Cordero
El Salvador El Salvador
Edificio Torre Futura Nivel 9, oficinas 904-905, Colonia Escalon
Guatemala Guatemala City 13 Calle 3-40, Zona 10, Edificio Atlantis, Piso 14
Guyana Georgetown 87 Carmichael Street, South Cummingsburg
Haiti Petion-Ville 7, rue Oge
Honduras Tegucigalpa
Centro Financiero CITI, 4th Floor, Boulevard San Juan Bosco
Honduras Tegucigalpa
Edificio Corporativo 777, 9 Piso, Lomas del Guijarro Sur, Boulevard San Juan Bosco
Jamaica Kingston 6 St. Lucia Avenue
Mexico Mexico Insurgentes Sur 1605, Piso 24
Nicaragua Managua Edificio Cobirsa 5to Piso, Km 6.5 Carretera a Masaya
Panama Panama Avenida Aquilino De La Guardia y Calle 47
Paraguay Asuncion Espana 2028 c/Braslia Urano Building, 5th Floor
Peru Lima Avenida Alvarez Calderon 185, Piso 7, SanIsidro
Uruguay Montevideo Calle Buenos Aires 570, Piso 3
Middle East & North Africa (MNA)
Algeria Algiers 5 bis, Chemin Mackley, Ben Aknoun 16306
Egypt Cairo 1191 Corniche El-Nil, 15th Floor, Boulaq
Iraq Baghdad International Zone, British Embassy premises
Kuwait Safar 10th Commercial Area, Block 10, Sahat Al-Safat Street
Lebanon Beirut
Abdallah Bayhum Str., Bourie Bldg, N 119, Marfaa - Downtown
Morocco Rabat-Souissi 7 - Rue Larbi Ben Abdellah
Saudi Arabia Riyadh 1st Floor, UNDP Building, Diplomatic Quarter
Tunisia Tunis Immeuble Zahrabed, Jardins du Lac
West Bank and Gaza Jerusalem P.O Box 54842
Other/Part 1
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Belgium Brussels Avenue Marnix 17, 2nd floor
France Paris 66 avenue d'Iena
Germany Berlin Reichpietschufer 20
India Chennai No: 11, Taramani Main Road, Taramani
Italy Rome Via Labicana 110
Japan Tokyo
10th Floor, Fukoku Seimei Building, 2-2-2 Uchisaiwai-cho, Chiyoda-ku
Switzerland Geneva 3, chemin Louis-Dunant, Case Postale 66
United Kingdom London 12th Floor, Millbank Tower, 21-24, Millbank
South Asia (SAR)
Afghanistan Kabul Street No. 15, House No. 19, opposite Palace #8
Bangladesh Dhaka Plot E-32, Agargaon, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka 1207
Bhutan Thimphu
Lower Nozir Lam, BDFC Building,Norzam Lam,Chubabu
India New Delhi 70 Lodhi Estate
India New Delhi
The Hindustan Times House, 18-20 Kasturba Gandhi Marg, New Delhi 11000
Maldives Male
4th Floor, Maldives Monetary Authority Building, Boduthakurufaanu Magu, Male 20182
Nepal Kathmandu Yak & Yeti Hotel Complex, Durbar Marg
Pakistan Islamabad 20 A Shahrah-e-Jamhuriyat, Ramna 5
Sri Lanka Colombo 1st Floor, DFCC Building, 73-5 Galle Road
United States
United States District of Columbia C - 1225 Connecticut Ave NW
United States District of Columbia G - 1776 G St NW
United States District of Columbia I - 1850 I St NW
United States District of Columbia J - 701 18th St NW
United States District of Columbia M - 1900 Pennsylvania Ave NW (IMF - 9th Floor)
United States District of Columbia MC - 1818 H St NW
United States District of Columbia P - 900 19th St NW
United States District of Columbia U - 1800 G St NW
United States Maryland LSC - 3301 Pennsy Ave
United States New York 1 Dag Hammarskjold Plaza, 885 2nd Avenue, 26th Floor
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United States Pennsylvania Archives - near Pittsburgh
United States Virginia BCC - Chantilly
United States Virginia Warehouse - Sterling
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APPENDIX G: CREDIT360 COUNTRY OFFICE SURVEY SCREENSHOTS
Figure 13. Credit360 Landing Page
Figure 14. Credit360 Energy Information Tab
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Figure 15. Credit360 Stationary Combustion Data Entry
APPENDIX H: IMFC COUNTRIES NOT INCLUDED IN WORLD BANK GROUP ANNUAL AND SPRING MEETING INVENTORY
(ACCOUNTED FOR BY IMF)
Algeria
Australia
Belgium
Brazil
Canada
Chile
China
France
Gabon
Germany
India
Italy
Japan
Netherlands
Nigeria
Norway
Russia
Saudi Arabia
Spain
Switzerland
Thailand
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States
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APPENDIX I – AUTOMATIC THRESHOLDS WITHIN CREDIT360
Indicator Unit Lower
Threshold Upper
Threshold Office
Number of months at this property out of the last 12 months
Months 130%
Size of entire building that World Bank/IFC's office space is within (rentable space)
m2 100% 100%
Size of office space that you occupy in the building m2 90% 110%
Onsite Fuel
Onsite Fuel Use for Building (if office amounts are unknown)
Amount of Diesel (stationary - building) liters 50% 150%
Amount of Gasoline (stationary - building) liters 50% 150%
Amount of LPG/Propane (stationary - building) liters 50% 150%
Amount of Natural Gas (stationary - building) Therms 50% 150%
Onsite Fuel Use for Office
Amount of Diesel (stationary) liters 50% 150%
Amount of Gasoline (stationary) liters 50% 150%
Amount of LPG/Propane (stationary) liters 50% 150%
Amount of Natural Gas (stationary) Therms 50% 150%
Refrigerants for Office
Amount of HFC-125 recharged Pounds 50% 150%
Amount of HFC-134 recharged Pounds 50% 150%
Amount of HFC-134a recharged Pounds 50% 150%
Amount of HFC-143 recharged Pounds 50% 150%
Amount of HFC-143a recharged Pounds 50% 150%
Amount of HFC-227ea recharged Pounds 50% 150%
Amount of HFC-23 recharged Pounds 50% 150%
Amount of HFC-236fa recharged Pounds 50% 150%
Amount of HFC-245ca recharged Pounds 50% 150%
Amount of HFC-32 recharged Pounds 50% 150%
Amount of HFC-41 recharged Pounds 50% 150%
Amount of HFC-R404a recharged Pounds 50% 150%
Amount of Other recharged Pounds 50% 150%
Amount of R-11 recharged Pounds 50% 150%
Total refrigerant recharged (from building)
Total amount of HFC-125 recharged Pounds 50% 150%
Total amount of HFC-134 recharged Pounds 50% 150%
Total amount of HFC-134a recharged Pounds 50% 150%
Total amount of HFC-143 recharged Pounds 50% 150%
Total amount of HFC-143a recharged Pounds 50% 150%
Total amount of HFC-227ea recharged Pounds 50% 150%
Total amount of HFC-23 recharged Pounds 50% 150%
Total amount of HFC-236fa recharged Pounds 50% 150%
Total amount of HFC-245ca recharged Pounds 50% 150%
Total amount of HFC-32 recharged Pounds 50% 150%
Total amount of HFC-41 recharged Pounds 50% 150%
Total amount of HFC-R404a recharged Pounds 50% 150%
Total amount of Other recharged Pounds 50% 150%
Total amount of R-11 recharged Pounds 50% 150%
Refrigerants from Vehicles
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Total amount of HFC-125 recharged Pounds 50% 150%
Total amount of HFC-134 recharged Pounds 50% 150%
Total amount of HFC-134a recharged Pounds 50% 150%
Total amount of HFC-143 recharged Pounds 50% 150%
Total amount of HFC-143a recharged Pounds 50% 150%
Total amount of HFC-227ea recharged Pounds 50% 150%
Total amount of HFC-23 recharged Pounds 50% 150%
Total amount of HFC-236fa recharged Pounds 50% 150%
Total amount of HFC-245ca recharged Pounds 50% 150%
Total amount of HFC-32 recharged Pounds 50% 150%
Total amount of HFC-41 recharged Pounds 50% 150%
Total amount of HFC-R404a recharged Pounds 50% 150%
Total amount of Other recharged Pounds 50% 150%
Total amount of R-11 recharged Pounds 50% 150%
Road
Biodiesel fuel consumed Gallons 75% 125%
Diesel fuel consumed Gallons 50% 150%
E85 Fuel consumed Gallons 50% 150%
Gasoline fuel used Gallons 50% 150%
LPG (vehicle) fuel used Gallons 50% 150%
Other fuel used Gallons 50% 150%
Residual fuel oil use Gallons 50% 150%
Distance Driven by Vehicle Type
Light truck miles 50% 150%
Motorcycle miles 50% 150%
SUV miles 50% 150%
Sedan miles 50% 150%
Fuel consumption by vehicle type
Heavy truck gallons 50% 150%
Hybrid gallons 50% 150%
Large van gallons 50% 150%
Light truck gallons 50% 150%
Motorcycle gallons 50% 150%
SUV gallons 50% 150%
Sedan gallons 50% 150%
Electricity Use
Electricity consumption of office space kWh 75% 125%
Electricity consumption of whole building kWh 75% 125%
The World Bank Group FY14 GHG Inventory Management Plan
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WORLD BANK GROUP
Organization Name: The World Bank: IBRD/IDA Corporate Address: 1818 H St. NW, Washington, DC, USA 20433 Inventory Manager: Environmental Specialist, ENV, Adam Rubinfield Contact Information: Address: 1818 H St, MSN I 3-303Washington, DC 20433
Phone: 202-473-4418 Email: [email protected]
Organization Name: International Finance Corporation (IFC) Corporate Address: 2121 Pennsylvania Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20433
Inventory Manager: Footprint Program Manager, Sarah Raposa Contact information: Phone: 202-458-7703
Email: [email protected]