Women’s Rights Thinking Skill: Identify the goals and purposes of the Women’s Movement.
The Women’s Movement
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Transcript of The Women’s Movement
The Women’s Movement Feminism Revived:
Significance Cultural definitions of femaleness and maleness reshaped.
Criticism of compulsory heterosexuality reduced stigma of single and/or homosexual lives.
Substantial change in punitive attitudes/laws on rape anddomestic violence.
Establishment of women’s right to work/equal pay.
Rebirth of history of women.
Origins Feminists of 1910s+
NWP: Equal Rights Amendment
Social reforms in New Deal
1920 “Flapper”
Emergence Economy draws increasing numbers of women
More women in higher ed.
Availability of The Pill
Civil Rights Movement
Commission on Status, 1961
“Problem with No Name”
Betty Friedan, c. 1963
Challenge to educated homemakers
Working Women Organize
1964: Commission reports pervasive sex discrimination; State commissions formed.
1964: Title VII prohibits job discrimination
1966: NOW born out of national convention for State Commissions on Women
Gloria Steinem Journalist
Article about Playboy bunnies
1969 article: “After Black Power, Women’s Liberation”
1972: Ms. Magazine founded
1934-?
Young Women Organize
1965: White women within civil rights and “New Left” groups discuss sexism
Sought radical critique of system like other sixties groups
Embraced decentralization esp. “consciousness raising groups”
1968 “Women’s Liberation” protest, Miss America pageant
Radical Critique
Gender constructed by society, not biology
Critique of : nuclear family; normative heterosexuality; violence against women; sexist health care, etc.
1970
Counter-culture Mid-1970s:
Interest in female separatism,Counter culture pursuitsWeakened radical feminism
By default, liberal feminism became“voice” of feminism
Mainstream Attention
King-Riggs grudge match, 1973
“Battle of the Sexes,” Sept. 1973
Billie Jean King v. Bobby Riggs
Push for ERA
Alice Paul, 1885-1977
ERA March on Washington, 1978
ERA Progress 1972 passage
7-year deadline
22 states 1st year
3-year extension
35 of 38 states ratified
Renewed push
Backlash Feminism means male irresponsibility,more female vulnerability
ERA would eliminate privacy rights, force abortions, send women into combat, deny spousal support, etc.
Changes Proceed?
Movement expands into multiplicity of causes:
Violence & Pornography
Athletics
Education
Women’s Studies/History
Legislative Reform
Electoral successes
Women in Sports
2003-2004 Survey of High School Athletics
Long & Wide ViewUnited Nations Decade of Women Millenium Development GoalsGoal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger.
Goal 2: Achieve universal primary education.
Goal 3: Promote gender equality and empower women.
Goals 4 and 5: Reduce child mortality and improve maternalhealth. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases.
Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases.
Goal 7: Ensure environmental sustainability.
Goal 8: Develop a global partnership for development.
Significance Cultural definitions of femaleness and maleness reshaped.
Criticism of compulsory heterosexuality reduced stigma of single and/or homosexual lives.
Substantial change in punitive attitudes/laws on rape anddomestic violence.
Establishment of women’s right to work/equal pay.
Rebirth of history of women.
Questions?