The welfare of dogs – what’s the problem? · 2018. 11. 29. · Not a new conflict • Dog...
Transcript of The welfare of dogs – what’s the problem? · 2018. 11. 29. · Not a new conflict • Dog...
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The welfare of dogs – what’s the problem?
Kevin Stafford Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical
Sciences Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Canine Welfare
• Conflict • Ignorance • Difficulty
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Conflict
• The Dog • Street animal for 15,000 years. • Social, mob, scavenger/hunter, omnivore,
promiscuous, defaecates freely, barks, fight, bites.
• Society
• Dogs off the street, in house, silent, clean streets and playing fields, safe
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Not a new conflict
• Dog control programmes not new
• Rabies Control in England in 1900s • Dog owners versus Chief Veterinary Officer • CVO wanted dogs muzzled in public
• Dog attacks forced legislation tightening. In NZ
the 1996 Dog Control Act amended 3 times
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Local Authority Palmerston North (Figures for 2011-12)
Registered Dogs 7471 Barking dog complaints 1044 Roaming dogs 1844 Dog attacks 117 Dogs euthanased in pound 189 Human Population 75000 48% believe dogs should be muzzled
when in public places – Local Paper Survey 2014
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Barking
• 35% of complaints against dogs in Auckland are for barking
• 42% of cases at a Behaviour Clinic in Auckland presented for problem barking?
• 40% separation anxiety; 51% territorial • Barking is particularly irritating to human
(worse than lawnmowers, skill saws and babies)
Flint 2012
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Department of Internal Affairs 2009/10
ACC 9.855 new dog bite claims 10,699 ongoing claims previous
years 24,500 infringements over 30
months – offences against Dog Control Act
30 infringements per 100 dogs in Auckland!
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Negative impact of dogs
Social nuisance SPCA Shelters Dog control officers and pounds Dog often cause of complaints to
councils (second after rates, traffic) Barking – Biting – Defaecation –
Lunging – attacks on dogs/cats/rabbits Killing Kiwis
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Why do people have dogs?
• NZ 29% households (Maori 33%, Pakeha 29%)
• Low - Australia 36%, USA 39%, UK 23% • Average number 1.2 dogs • 700,000
• Mackay, 2011
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Who owns dogs?
Age group 18-24 36% 25-34 29% 35-44 36% 45-54 37% 55-64 26% 65-74 19% >75 0%
Flint et al., 2010
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Reason for having a dog
Companionship 53% For children 16% Security 8% Relaxation 3% Exercise 4% Breed/compete/hobby 3% Other (work etc) 12%
Mackay, 2011
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Companionship?
Age group 18-24 36% 25-34 29% 35-44 36% 45-54 37% 55-64 26% 65-74 19% >75 0%
Flint et al., 2010
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Companionship – really
We need a better understanding of why
people have a dog?
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Companionship
Utility (children, work, sport, exercise, security)
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Companionship
Market ($1.5 billion in NZ) – dogs are good for you; get one now.
Dogs need you (SPCA advertisements) Normal to have one (family is not
complete without dog) Company for lonely Pairing behaviour
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21th century – urbanisation
The dog as companion? The dog as family and support? The street dog (Chile) Dogs for hire (Japan)
The dog as economically important
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companion animals
Reduce loneliness Facilitate social interaction Health benefits Strengthen relationships Help those with mental problems Protection
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People are alone ---- NZ figures 25% of people live alone 44% of households childless 4% women and 5% men lonely all the
time, 26% report being lonely in the last 12
months Can dogs cure this? Sunday Star Times 11/6/7
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Pet Dogs-- Family members
Wilbur survey of 350 owners 27% family member 17% enjoyed dog not close involved 24% attached but worried about
behaviour 19% object – value dogs a nuisance
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Companionship – really
Why own English Bulldog Irish Wolfhound American Pit Bull Terrier
A mongrel is just as good
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Dogs are company!! Some people identify the dog as more
important than a partner (husband, wife) NZ data 40% very fond of dogs, 7% afraid
of dogs , 4% dislike dogs, 8% dogs a threat (Flint 2012)
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Companionship
In Palmerston North 10% are walked
daily
Dog aloneness is a problem
Are we good for dogs?
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Labradors in suburban Melbourne
52% walked for half to one hour per day
30% less than that or never walked
Mean time in yard 15.3 hours (3.6 – 24)
Mean time with person 7.2 hours (0.5-21)
(Kobelt 2004)
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Separation anxiety
• In North America SA diagnosed in 20–40% of dogs referred to animal behavioural practices
• 14% of dogs presented at veterinary clinics show signs of it
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Social Environment
• >4 hours anxiety starts to develop • 70% dogs live in one dog houses • One person households risk factor for
separation anxiety • Barking (time alone and no morning
walk)
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Behaviour problems
• In the USA, 87% of veterinary clients stated that their dog had a behaviour problem (Campbell, 1986)
• In Australia (Melbourne) 65% of dog owners in Melbourne stated that their dog had a behaviour problem (Kobelt, 2004)
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Dogs in Melbourne
63% too excitable 56% jumped on people 38% rushed at people 32% excessive barking 29% constantly running 28% digging 23% chewing 22% nervous 18% obsessive lickers
Kobelt 2004
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Thunderstorm Phobia
• In one survey, 40% of dogs suffering from thunderstorm phobia were under one year of age when they first showed signs such as shaking, salivation, loss of bladder and bowel control.
• Many sought humans, became destructive, vocalised, self-mutilated or hid, all indicators of poor welfare
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Compulsive disorders
• Tail chasing • Fly catching • Flank sucking • Acral granuloma lick • Staring • % affected – severity?
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Human-dog relationship
• Increase the likelihood of the
dog being abused or killed or surrendered to a shelter or pound
• Affect the social milieu in which dog lives – ignored, chained up, never meet visitors, other dogs
• Behavioural problems may cause the human-dog relationship to deteriorate
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Are we good for dogs?
• 30% obese • 60% overweight • Breed (labradors, beagles) • Age (older), sex (neutered) • Feed (once daily, treats) • Lack of exercise • Exacerbate arthritis, hip dysplasia, respiratory • Predispose to diabetus • If dieting – constantly hungry
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Osteoarthritis etc
• In UK 1.3 million dogs affected • Population 6 million • 500,000 treated • 800,000 (13%) in chronic pain
• Ignorance / poverty
• Cancer in 50% of dogs over 10 years of age
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Health – disease
• Hereditary conditions • Breed standards • English bulldog • Pug
• Hip dysplasia • Genes • Rearing
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Human responsibility for animal suffering
Ignorance - not knowing what to do
Inexperience – knowing what but not how
Incompetence – inability to do Inconsideration – not caring Does poverty feature here?
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Ignorance
• How valuable is human versus dog
company?
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Ignorance
• How dogs experience street life • Anxiety, fear, fun • Short harsh and brutal but ‘free’ • Chile, Yemen, Zambia
• Have breeds changed from street dogs • What do they need?
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Difficulty
• Management of dogs
• Varied • Intrusive research • Working dogs NZ • Pet dogs
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Difficulty
• To assess what a dog needs • Exercise • Exploration • Food experience • Social life • Predictability
• Motivation
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Difficulty
• Can we assess what a specific dog breed needs?
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Do dogs need to have fun?
• Assess anxiety – fear – pain
• How happy is Rex?
• Optimism – Pessimism
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Animal welfare – 2 basic tenets
• An animal should be free to engage in normal behaviours
• An animal should be free of pain, fear and anxiety.
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Many normal dog behaviours are unacceptable to human society.
If allowed to roam dogs will • Scavenge • Form packs • Defaecate freely • Bark • Reproduce freely • Predate • Fight
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Do we really need dogs?
• Silent • Sweet smelling • Clean and tidy • Small faeces • Loving
• Get a cat
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The dog
An anachronism in modern life A cultural issue reinforced by
business and the media – cultures change – Asia
Do families without dogs function better than those with animals?
Stop advocating dog ownership Virtual dogs and farms
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Human animal relations
“When you love children and dogs too much, you love them instead of adults” Jean- Paul Sartre
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Thank you
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