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Teacher:___________________________________________
Urban Issues and ChallengesRevision Booklet
Paper 2Question 1
Wednesday 5th June 2019
Use the revision guide to help you complete the booklet and revise.
Not all the answers will be in the guide. You will have to use your class notes to help you.
Useful Websites
https://www.bbc.com/bitesize/examspecs/zy3ptyc
http://www.coolgeography.co.uk/
https://geographycat.co.uk/revision-section
https://www.internetgeography.net/
https://thekingsschoolgeography.wordpress.com/category/year-11/
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Case Studies
Mumbai, India
Dharavi, Mumbai
Dharavi slum improvements
Leeds/London
South bank, Leeds/ Olympic Park, London
Command WordsAssess Make an informed judgement.Calculate Work out the value of something.Compare Identify similarities and differences.Complete Finish the task by adding given information.Describe Set out characteristics.Discuss Present key points about different ideas or strengths and
weaknesses of an idea.Evaluate Judge from available evidence.Explain Set out purposes or reasons.Give Produce an answer from recall.Identify Name or otherwise characterise.Justify Support a case with evidence.Outline Set out main characteristics.State Express in clear terms.Suggest Present a possible case.To what extent Judge the importance or success of (strategy, scheme,
project).Use evidence to support this statement
To select and present information to prove or disprove something
Key Terms
Brownfield site Traffic congestionDereliction Urban greeningEconomic opportunities UrbanisationGreenfield site Urban regenerationInequalities Urban sprawlIntegrated transport system Waste recyclingMegacityMigrationNatural IncreasePollutionRural-urban fringeSanitationSocial deprivationSocial opportunitiesSustainable urban living
Urbanisation is _________________________________________________________3
_____________________________________________________________________Causes of urbanisationNatural increase: _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Rural-urban migration: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Explain why the rate of urbanisation is lower in high income countries.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
A megacity is __________________________________________________________
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Exam Practice1. Complete the following paragraph to
describe the changes shown by the maps 2015 – 2030.
Choose the three correct answers from this list: Africa, South America, Australasia, Southern Asia, half, one, two, four
[3 marks] The greatest increase in the number of megacities is in ______________. There are no new megacities in__________ of the continents on the 2030 map. The continent of ______________ shows a 100% growth in number of megacities between 2015 and 2030.
2. Which term is best defined by the phrase, ‘the increasing percentage of the population living in towns and cities’? (1 mark)
3. Complete the following paragraph to describe the changes shown in Figure 1.
Choose the three correct answers from this list: HICs, doubled, NEEs, slow down, trebled, speed up
The smallest increase in percentage of urban population between 1950–2050 is expected to be in _______________________. From 2020 the rate of increase is expected to _____________________ in NEEs. Between 2000 and 2050, lower income countries are projected to have almost ________________________ in the percentage living in urban areas. [3 marks]Mumbai, India – Case study of a major city in a LIC or NEE
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Why is Mumbai important? – Colour code the points in the text to show why it is important regionally, nationally and globally.Mumbai is the largest city in India and the fourth largest city in the world (population 20.5 million). It is the commercial capital of India and a global financial hub. It has been the main seaport in the Arabian Sea since the opening of the Suez Canal. This means that many goods that are produced in India and the surrounding region, can be transported around the world via Mumbai.The city is home to Bollywood (the world’s most prolific film industry), Tata Steel and is also one of the world’s most important financial centres.
Regional National Global
Population growthDescribe the population growth in Mumbai between 1971 and 2011._____________________________________________________________________
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_______________________________________________________________________________________________
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Causes of population growth1. Migration -
________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
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2. Natural increase - __________________________________________________________________________
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How urban growth has created social and economic opportunities in Mumbai
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Complete the spider diagram.
How urban growth has created challenges in MumbaiExplain why each of the points below can be a challenge in a rapidly growing city like Mumbai.Housing: _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Clean water and sanitation: ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Services (health/education): _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Employment: _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Waste Disposal: _________________________________________________________
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_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Water/Air Pollution: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Traffic Congestion: _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Dharavi Slums, MumbaiKey facts/points about life in Dharavi
Dharavi slum improvements – An example of how urban planning is improving the quality of life for the urban poorComplete the annotations by adding the positive and negative impacts of the changes
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Exam Practice1. Suggest one opportunity for people shown
in Figure 3. (2 marks________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Use a case study of a city in a LIC or NEE to suggest why managing traffic congestion and air pollution may be challenging.
(6 marks)______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. Evaluate the effectiveness of an urban planning strategy in helping to improve the quality of life for the urban poor.Use an example of a city in a lower income country (LIC) or newly emerging economy (NEE).
[9 marks][+ 3 SPaG marks]
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
UK Population overviewLabel the major UK cities onto the map: London, Leeds, Newcastle upon Tyne, Manchester, Liverpool, Birmingham, Edinburgh Glasgow, Cardiff, and Belfast
Describe the population distribution of the UK._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Leeds/London: A case study of a major UK cityWhy is the city important to the UK? Why is the city important globally?
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Impacts of migration on the city
National International
How has urban change created opportunities?Social and economic opportunitiesCultural mix Recreations &
entertainmentEmployment Integrated
transport system
Environmental opportunitiesUrban Greening is ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________It is needed in the city because ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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How has urban change has created challenges?
Exam Practice1. Calculate the range in life expectancy
shown in Figure 4. (1 mark)13
________________________________________________________2. Using Figure 4 and your own understanding, suggest why there are inequalities in
health in urban areas. (4 marks)_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3. Outline one way that international migration has led to change in the character of a
named UK city. (2 marks)
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4. Outline one way that national migration has led to change in the character of a
named UK city. (2 marks)
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5. To what extent has urban change created opportunities in a UK city you have
studied? [9 marks]
[+ 3 SPaG marks]_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Olympic Park, London – An example of urban regenerationWhy did the area need to be regenerated?
Colour code the information about the project below to show the positives and negatives. Then categorise into social, economic and environmental.
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The athletes’ village has been relaunched as a housing estate called the East Village, the rooms have had kitchens added and walls knocked through. Almost half of these 2,818 new homes (40%) will be affordable.
Many of the grounds in the Olympic Park have been kept as parkland and are open to the public for use as a picnicking and play area. New green spaces and wildlife habitats were created, including ponds, woodlands, and artificial otter holes
The Olympics brought more than £9bn of investment to east London, much of which went into transport. Lloyds TSB estimated that the Olympics will generate £10 billion in extra income for the UK economy
During the construction of the Olympics, very few jobs were created for local people. There are still high levels of unemployment in the borough and it was a missed opportunity to train people up for work.
The aquatics centre now uses its 50m pools as facilities for the community and schools, as well as elite athletes.
Existing businesses had to move, including H. Forman and Sons, a salmon-smoking factory with 50 employees
Properties for poorer people had to be demolished to make way for the site
Stratford got a Tube station to help connect the area to the rest of London
The games produced 3.3 million tons of CO2
Many of the materials for the stadiums and the Olympic Park came from overseas
The Olympics has helped schools in the area – there was a shortage of spaces but a new school opened in the grounds of the park.
The Olympic Site was built largely on 560 acres of brownfield land, property that had been neglected, unused, and contaminated.
The Olympic stadium is estimated to have cost £701 million pounds, almost 3 times the original estimate (source). This angered many local people.
Anne Power at the London School of Economics said “The ‘affordable rents’ for the 2,800 new homes will be unaffordable to Newham’s poorest households.”
Unemployment OVERALL fell across London during the Olympic period
Rents and property prices have gone up as a result of the Games
Positive
Negative Social Economi
cEnvironmental
Sustainable Urban Living
Sustainable urban living is _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Feature Example How it is sustainableWater conservation
Duel flush toilets, collecting rainwater, water meters
Energy conservation
Renewable energy, insulation, triple glazing, low energy lighting/appliances
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Waste recycling
Recycling points
Creating green space
Increasing number of parks, planting trees
Sustainable urban transport strategies to reduce traffic congestionGive 2 reasons why there are more cars on the roads now:
______________________________________________ ______________________________________________
Outline what can be done in urban areas to reduce traffic and the effects of traffic:Rapid transit
schemesPark and ride Cycle routes Bus lanes Pedestrianisatio
nWhat is it? What is it? What is it? What is it? What is it?
How does it reduce congestion or the effects of traffic?
How does it reduce congestion or the effects of traffic?
How does it reduce congestion or the effects of traffic?
How does it reduce congestion or the effects of traffic?
How does it reduce congestion or the effects of traffic?
Exam Practice
1. Explain one economic problem caused by traffic congestion. (2 marks)
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____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2. Using Figure 3 and your own
knowledge, explain how urban regeneration projects can reduce levels of urban deprivation.
(6 marks)
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3. Evaluate the effectiveness of an urban regeneration project you have studied.
[9 marks] [+ 3 SPaG marks]
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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