“The War to End All Wars…”
description
Transcript of “The War to End All Wars…”
![Page 1: “The War to End All Wars…”](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032107/56815ccc550346895dcad9a3/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
“The War to End All Wars…”
![Page 2: “The War to End All Wars…”](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032107/56815ccc550346895dcad9a3/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Setting the Stage For War The Congress of Vienna set the scene for a
balance of power in Europe; not one dominant country
Germany was not figured into the balance at this time because it was not a united country
After the unification of Germany and the powerful economy and military it established under Kaiser Wilhelm and Bismarck, the balance was upset
![Page 3: “The War to End All Wars…”](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032107/56815ccc550346895dcad9a3/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Rivalries Play a Part Rivalries over land began to surface during
the Age of Imperialism Competition over land and raw materials
sparked tension between nations of Europe Great Britain Austria-Hungary France Germany Russia Italy
![Page 4: “The War to End All Wars…”](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032107/56815ccc550346895dcad9a3/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The “M.A.I.N.” Causes of WWI
M is for Militarism: glorifying war and your military powers
A is for Alliances: defense agreements among the nations involved in WWI
I is for Imperialism: nations gaining control of territory for their own benefit
N is for Nationalism: feelings of loyalty and patriotism towards a region
![Page 5: “The War to End All Wars…”](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032107/56815ccc550346895dcad9a3/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
The Alliances of WWI ALLIED POWERS (Triple Entente):
Russia France Great Britain United States Serbia Italy
![Page 6: “The War to End All Wars…”](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032107/56815ccc550346895dcad9a3/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
The Alliances of WWI CENTRAL POWERS (Triple Alliance):
Germany Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire Italy
![Page 7: “The War to End All Wars…”](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032107/56815ccc550346895dcad9a3/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
The Spark of War Though countries were aligning, a peace
remained in Europe In the Balkan region, growing tensions
among nationalities emerged “the powder keg of Europe”
![Page 8: “The War to End All Wars…”](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032107/56815ccc550346895dcad9a3/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Assassination Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary
visited Sarajevo in June 1914 When he would become emperor, he would give
the Slavs a voice in gov’t and not all liked that He and his wife were assassinated by Princip, a
member of the Black Hand Serbians held responsible for death by Austrian
gov’t Germany promises to support Austria-Hungary in
any action it takes against Serbia
![Page 9: “The War to End All Wars…”](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032107/56815ccc550346895dcad9a3/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Gavrilo Princip
![Page 10: “The War to End All Wars…”](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032107/56815ccc550346895dcad9a3/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Archduke Ferdinand and his wife
![Page 11: “The War to End All Wars…”](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032107/56815ccc550346895dcad9a3/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Prep for War Austria-Hungary issued an ultimatum to
Serbia: let us in to investigate the Archduke’s death or it’s WAR!
Serbian response of yes to an investigation but no to a trial made the Austrians mad
In July 1914 Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia
![Page 12: “The War to End All Wars…”](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032107/56815ccc550346895dcad9a3/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
A Tangle of Alliances Leads to WWI
Russia supports Serbia immediately in a show of support for Slavic people
Russia now declares war on Germany and A-H
France and Great Britain follow suit and support Russia
In great shows of patriotism by citizens, WWI had begun
![Page 13: “The War to End All Wars…”](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032107/56815ccc550346895dcad9a3/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Schlieffen Plan War strategy by the Germans They invaded Belgium on Aug. 3, 1914 Problem Germans faced: 2 front war Schlieffen felt that the Russians would be
slow to mobilize, so focus first on western front and take Paris
From the beginning, this plan was flawed
![Page 14: “The War to End All Wars…”](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032107/56815ccc550346895dcad9a3/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Battle of the Marne Fought b/t French and German troops in
NE France The French pushed the Germans away
from Paris, saving the city This battle signified the end of Schlieffen
Plan
![Page 15: “The War to End All Wars…”](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032107/56815ccc550346895dcad9a3/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Russian Involvement Russia quickly mobilized and entered the
war on the eastern front This diverted the Germans attention from
the western front This worked until the Russians were
severely beaten at Tannenberg
![Page 16: “The War to End All Wars…”](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032107/56815ccc550346895dcad9a3/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Stalemate For the first part of the war neither side
was an obvious victor In order to fuel the war effort at home,
propaganda was used to boost morale New types of warfare needed to be
developed
![Page 17: “The War to End All Wars…”](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032107/56815ccc550346895dcad9a3/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Trench Warfare Dug on the western front so soldiers could
have protection They lived, fought in these trenches They endured cold, rats, disease,
uncomfortable living conditions Charged “over the top” to attack enemy
trenches Once poison gas was introduced by the
Germans, it changed trench warfare
![Page 18: “The War to End All Wars…”](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032107/56815ccc550346895dcad9a3/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: “The War to End All Wars…”](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032107/56815ccc550346895dcad9a3/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: “The War to End All Wars…”](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032107/56815ccc550346895dcad9a3/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: “The War to End All Wars…”](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032107/56815ccc550346895dcad9a3/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: “The War to End All Wars…”](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032107/56815ccc550346895dcad9a3/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: “The War to End All Wars…”](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032107/56815ccc550346895dcad9a3/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: “The War to End All Wars…”](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032107/56815ccc550346895dcad9a3/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Battles of Verdun and Somme
Verdun: Germans surprised Allies in France
French held firm and Germans abandon attack
***One of the bloodiest battles of the war***
Somme: British and French offensive against the Germans
Inconclusive and costly in lives The tank was introduced here
![Page 25: “The War to End All Wars…”](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032107/56815ccc550346895dcad9a3/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
The Eastern Front Less entrenched Constant changes in battlefields Russia not as prepared as western
European countries They eventually stepped their efforts up
and helped alleviate attention from the western front
![Page 26: “The War to End All Wars…”](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032107/56815ccc550346895dcad9a3/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Attack at Gallipoli Churchill (head of British navy) wanted to
take the Gallipoli peninsula to supply Russia and strengthen Serbia
Then they could take the Ottoman Empire out of the war
Turks drove Allies back
![Page 27: “The War to End All Wars…”](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032107/56815ccc550346895dcad9a3/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Warfare + Water The Germans realized that the British
dominated the Atlantic The British began to blockade German
coast (food and fertilizer) In response, the Germans used their U-
boats (submarines) to attack ships in the Atlantic At first, warships but eventually commercial
ones
![Page 28: “The War to End All Wars…”](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032107/56815ccc550346895dcad9a3/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Warfare + Water (cont’d) In May 1915 the Germans sunk the
Lusitania and America outraged President Wilson said if they didn’t stop,
US would enter the war
![Page 29: “The War to End All Wars…”](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032107/56815ccc550346895dcad9a3/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
![Page 30: “The War to End All Wars…”](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032107/56815ccc550346895dcad9a3/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
![Page 31: “The War to End All Wars…”](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032107/56815ccc550346895dcad9a3/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
US Enters the War US citizens were conflicted about entering
(especially immigrants) The Lusitania angered citizens, but not
enough to go to war Tensions exploded in 1917 The Zimmerman Telegraph
Germany promises to help Mexico recover lost territory if they help Central Powers in war
Anti-German sentiment pushes US into war
![Page 32: “The War to End All Wars…”](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032107/56815ccc550346895dcad9a3/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
A Shift in the War The US was a breath of fresh air to the
Allied forces The US:
Boosted morale Gave resources and manpower Helped guard the Atlantic with the convoy
system
![Page 33: “The War to End All Wars…”](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032107/56815ccc550346895dcad9a3/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Total War Armies were running low on manpower, so
mechanized warfare was used more Everyone (soldiers, workers, women, etc)
needed to contribute to the effort…thus, TOTAL WAR
![Page 34: “The War to End All Wars…”](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032107/56815ccc550346895dcad9a3/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
A Global Effect… Resources and manpower was needed
from European colonies In return, these natives (i.e. Arabs and
Africans) hoped for independence or citizenship at war’s end
This often did not happen
![Page 35: “The War to End All Wars…”](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032107/56815ccc550346895dcad9a3/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
End of War With the help of Americans, the French
pushed the Germans back into Germany The demise of the other Central Powers
soon followed The Ottoman Empire and A-H surrendered On November 11, 1918 at 11am the
Germans surrendered to Allied forces (Armistice Day)
![Page 36: “The War to End All Wars…”](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032107/56815ccc550346895dcad9a3/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
End of the War = Problems Bloodiest war in history: 8.5 million dead
and close to 16 million wounded Political structures of western Europe was
shattered The Armenian Genocide took place at end
of WWI Mass killings of Armenians by Turks Used Armenian support of Allies as an excuse Put in labor camps, shot, starved, etc Over 1 million killed
![Page 37: “The War to End All Wars…”](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032107/56815ccc550346895dcad9a3/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Wilson Pursues Peace Before the war’s end US president
formulated a plan for world peace and for dealing with Germany
The 14 Points: plan for world peace First five: causes of the war; next 8: specific
boundary changes self-determination
League of Nations Allies reject the 14 Points, France and Britain
want their interests protected
![Page 38: “The War to End All Wars…”](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032107/56815ccc550346895dcad9a3/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Paris Peace Conference So, the “Big Four” (US, Italy, GB, France)
meet in Paris to work on a peace treaty ***Russia and Central Powers not
invited*** Here, Wilson gave up some of his idealistic
ideals so the League of Nations would be accepted
![Page 39: “The War to End All Wars…”](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032107/56815ccc550346895dcad9a3/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Treaty of Versailles This cut down Germany and punished
them The Treaty of Versailles (June 28, 1919)
Provisions 9 new nations Demilitarize Germany Reparations to Allies War-Guilt Clause
![Page 40: “The War to End All Wars…”](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032107/56815ccc550346895dcad9a3/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
![Page 41: “The War to End All Wars…”](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032107/56815ccc550346895dcad9a3/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Europe
![Page 42: “The War to End All Wars…”](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032107/56815ccc550346895dcad9a3/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Feelings Fade… People not as fired up about war now, they
are war-weary and exhausted Family, land, resources, etc were lost
![Page 43: “The War to End All Wars…”](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032107/56815ccc550346895dcad9a3/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Treaty of Versailles Not Perfect
Weaknesses of treaty eventually help lead to WWII treaty humiliates Germany Russia felt ignored: excluded from peace
conference; lost territory Issue of colonies & colonized peoples
Vietnam
![Page 44: “The War to End All Wars…”](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032107/56815ccc550346895dcad9a3/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Legacy of WWI Germans shocked at Treaty’s harshness Worldwide economic depression Search for scapegoats in Germany sets the
scene for WWII