The War is On!Bull Run to Appomattox

Interesting Facts

• In 1980, Bhutan was the only country in the world with no telephones.

• China has only about 200 family names.• There are twice as many kangaroos in

Australia as there are people.• There are more Rolls Royce cars in Hong Kong

than anywhere else in the world.

Discussion Question

What is the biggest news story of your life time?

Many Northerners believed that the war would be over quickly and went as far as to call it the

“six months war”

Strengths and Strategies NORTH Strengths

• Existing army, navy, and government

• Larger population could provide more soldiers and workers

• More factories and money to produce supplies

• More rail lines Strategies

• Use blockade to prevent South from trading

• Gain control of the Mississippi River• Capture capital (Richmond, Virginia)

SouthStrengths

• Experienced military commanders• Cotton• Fighting for a strong belief in self-

government and way of life• Needed to defend territory, not to

attackStrategies

• Prepare and wait, hoping Union will not pursue war

• Needed to defend territory, not to attack

• Gain support of England and France to help them in their effort

Famous Generals

New Technology and Tactics

• Gun accuracy was improved by using Minie bullets

• Guns could also be loaded and fired much quicker

• Both the North and the South used shells that would explode on contact

• Grenades and landmines are introduced

Iron Clads

• The invention of the iron clad ship changes the naval atmosphere forever

• A Southern iron clad (Merrimack) fought a 3 hour battle against a Northern iron clad (Monitor)

• Significance: Made wood ships obsolete

The Politics of War

Ch 11 Sec 2

Politics of War• Great Britain had little need

for Southern cotton, since it possesses a large cotton inventory and found new source of raw cotton

• The failure of English wheat crop made Northern wheat an essential import

• British popular opinion was antislavery

• Britain remains neutral

Politics of War

• Lincoln’s desire to discourage Britain from supporting the Confederacy

• The need to harm the Confederate war effort (slaves were being used to aid the war effort in the South)

• Lincoln issues the Emancipation Proclamation

• Free slaves only in rebelling states

Politics of War

• Disloyalty and dissent among Confederate sympathizers in Maryland

• The need to protect the Union Army from Confederate sympathizers

• Lincoln suspends the writ of habeas corpus in the state of Maryland

Politics of War

• Heavy casualties and massive desertions in the armies

• The need to win the war

• Both Union and Confederate governments pass draft laws

Politics of War• A draft law was passed in favoring

and protecting the wealthy• Lower class white workers were

angered about having to fight a war to free saves, who they believed, would then take their job

• Low wages, bad living conditions, and high unemployment among the lower class stirred up a mob mentality and racism

• In 1863, a riot break out in New York

Ch 11 Sec 3

Life During Wartime“Home Front”

Southern Slaves

• Were more able to resist slavery

• Resisted through sabotage

Southern Economy

• Shortage of food and other basic goods

• Food riots• Rampant inflation

(Anaconda Plan)

Northern Economy

• Industrial Boom • Decline in standards of

living/low wages• Some greedy

businesses performed shady practices

Soldiers on both sides

• Inadequate sanitary conditions on battlefield and in prison camps (Andersonville, Georgia)

African-Americans soldiers in the North

• Discrimination in military (lower wages)

• The Massachusetts 54 regiment (All African American Unit)

• High mortality rate

White women in the North and South

• Women in the North and South both worked in hospitals

• North (labor force)• South (maintained

plantations)

Taxation in the North

• The first income tax is instituted in order to help pay for the war

Health Care

• Death through injury and disease (amputations)

• Limited medical knowledge

• Little or no knowledge of hygiene

The North Takes Charge

Ch 11 Section 4

Battle of Chancellorsville

• Confederate victory (5/1863)

• Confederate Army forces Union to retreat

• Confederates lose one of its most able generals, Stonewall Jackson

Battle of Gettysburg

• Union victory (7/1863)• Considered the turning

point of war • Farthest North the South

will ever get• Crippled Lee’s forces • The South will never

invade into the North again

Battle of Vicksburg

• Union victory (7/1863)• Allowed the North to

cut the Confederacy in two

Gettysburg Address

• Two minute speech that promised the nation a new birth of freedom

• Reinforced cause of the North to maintain the Union

Battles of Spotsylvania, Cold Harbor, and Petersburg

• Mostly Confederate victories (5-6/1864)

• Wore down Confederacy

• Inflicted losses the South couldn’t replace

Sherman’s March

• Union victories (10/1864-2/1865)

• Sherman’s path of terror

• Demonstrated the brutality of total war and greatly weakened Southern morale

Surrender at Appomattox

• Confederate army is surrounded by the Union army

• in a courthouse General E. Lee surrenders to Ulysses S. Grant (4/1865)

• Grant allows Confederate soldiers to go home

The very ink with which all history is written is merely fluid prejudice.

~Mark Twain

Effects of the Civil War

Ch 11 Sec 5

Columbia S.C.

Charleston S.C.

Richmond Va

Richmond Va

On political life

• Secessionists threats never again used• Federal governments power dramatically

increased

On the nation’s economy

• Northern economy boomed• Southern economy devastated • Most of the industry, livestock, farm

machinery, railroads, and farmlands destroyed in the South

On soldiers and civilians

• Union• 360,000 soldiers killed• 275,000 wounded

• Confederate • 260,000 soldiers killed• 225,000 wounded

On African Americans

• Freedom• The 13th amendment (abolished slavery)

What would you do????

Give three conditions, which would allow Southern states back into the union?