The Voice of Truth International, Volume 70

8/3/2019 The Voice of Truth International, Volume 70

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-voice-of-truth-international-volume-70 1/116



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^àv mwtv O fbvb jg taygf2

“### ~`bgygz dallt bc v`g camg bi v`g LBZF tàll jg

taygf#” @b~ v`gc tàll v`g dall bc @om oc ~`bm v`gàyg cbv jglogygf2 Acf `b~ tàll v`g jglogyg oc @om

bi ~`bm v`g àyg cbv `gazf2 Acf `b~ tàll v`g `gaz ~ov`bwv a {zgad`gz2 Acf `b~ tàll v`g {zgad` wclgttv`g azg tgcv2 At ov ot ~zovvgc8 “@b~ jgawvoiwl azg v`g

iggv bi v`btg ~`b {zgad` v`g nbt{gl bi {gadg, ^`bjzocn nlaf vofocnt bi nbbf vòcnt!” Jwv v`g àyg cbv

all bjggf v`g nbt{gl###“### jlgttgf azg v`btg ~`b `gaz v`g ~bzf

bi Nbf acf egg{ ov!” (Lweg 118:0/

“### oi bw fb cbv jglogyg vàv O am @g, bw ~oll fog

oc bwz toct#” (Hb`c 08:6/

“### wclgtt bw zg{gcv bw ~oll all loeg~otg {gzot`#” (Lweg 1484/

“### ~`bgygz dbcigttgt Mg jg-ibzg mgc, òm O ~oll altb dbc-

igtt jgibzg M Iav`gz ~`b ot oc

`gaygc#” (Mavv`g~ 1;84:/

“### at mac bi bw at ~gzg ja{voxgf ocvb

D`zotv àyg {wv bc D`zotv#” (Nalavoact 48:>/

“### j bcg T{ozov ~g ~gzg all ja{voxgf ocvb bcg

jbf####” (1 Dbzocvòact 1:814/

“### v`g Lbzf affgf vb v`g d`wzd` faol v`btg

~`b ~gzg jgocn taygf#” (Advt :86>/

“### at mac bi wt at ~gzg ja{voxgf ocvb D`zotv

Hgtwt ~gzg ja{voxgf ocvb @ot fgav`### V`gzgibzg

~g ~gzg jwzogf ~ov` @om v`zbwn` ja{votm ocvb

fgav`, vàv hwtv at D`zotv ~at zaotgf izbm v`gfgaf j v`g nlbz bi v`g Iav`gz, gygc tb ~g altb

t`bwlf ~ale oc cg~cgtt bi loig#” (Zbmact 984,6/



V`g Ybodg bi Vzwv` Ocvgzcavobcal

Tvaii8Gfovbz8 Jzbc Cod`blt

Attbdoavg Gfovbzt8 Hgzz Javgt

Lbwot Zwt`mbzg

Labwv Gfovbzt8 Jgvv Jwzvbc D`bavgJbccog Zwt`mbzg

V{gtgvvocn8 Na Cod`blt

Dbm{wvgz Dbctwlvacv8 Jzaflg T# D`bavg

Dbtv8 &6#;; ibz tocnlg ottwgt5 &1:#;; ibz ibwz ottwgt5 &:;#;; ibz gon`v ottwgt# [lgatg

maeg d`gdet {aajlg vb ^bzlf GyacnglotmIbwcfavobc, acf maol vb Jzbc Cod`blt,(Gfovbz/ [#B# Jbp 11:10, T{zocnfiglf, MB970;05 Vglg{`bcg8 61>-0:4-6?10#

[lgatg tgcf azvodlgt ibz {wjloda-vobc acf dàcngt bi affzgtt vb JzbcCod`blt oc T{zocnfiglf, ocdlwfocn jbv`blf acf cg~ affzgttgt, tb vàv bwz zg-dbzft dac jg dbzzgdvgf#

V`g Ybodg bi Vzwv` Ocvgz-

cavobcal ot {wjlot`gf j d`wzd`gtbi D`zotv at a cbc-{zbiov giibzv# ^zovgvb wt av ^bzlf Gyacnglotm, [#B# Jbp >:,ôcbca, Mottotto{{o, 40?9>, WTA#[`bcg8 99:-:04-11?:5 G-maol affzgtt8D`bavgK^bzlfGyacnglotm#bzn#

V`g d`wzd`gt bi D`zotv talwvg bw

(Zbmact 19819/#

Tvaii zovgzt8

Ngbzng Ae{ajlo

Iglop B# Acoamalw

Zgp Jacetâcg Jazzogz

[awla Javgt

Zb Jgatlg

Moeg Jgctbc

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Zbc Jzacv

Dàzlgt Jwzd`

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Zbc Dazvgz

Izace D`gttgzJgvv Jwzvbc D`bavg

Hgzol Dlocg

Nlgcc Dbllg

Lacdg Dbzflg

B~gc Dbtnzbyg

Twcc Fayof

Hgzz L# Fayoftbc

@act Fgfgztd`gde

Fayof Fgiigcjawn`

Dlazgcdg FgLbad , Hz#Joll Follbc

Jbjj N# Fbdegz

@gzt`gl Fgz

Gazl Gf~azft

Fgmaz Glam

Zambcf Gllobvv

Zgwjgc Gm{gzafb

Fayof Gygztbc

Zbdg Izgfgzode

Aljgzv NazfcgzG# Dlawfg Nazfcgz

Algp Nojtbc

Hbg F# Nza

Naz D# @am{vbc

Hade @azzomac

[azegz @gcfgztbc

Nbzfbc @bnacâcg Hadetbc

Acdol Hgceoct

Hgii Hgceoct

Homm Hoyofgc

Hb`c Ead`glmac, Hz#

Favbc Eggtgg

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Modàgl L# Eocn

Made Lbc

Hbg ManggH# Zacfal Mav`gc

Dgdol Ma, Hz#

Dbloc MdEgg

Hacg Md^`bzvgz

@bllot Mollgz

Lb Movd`gll

Tvac Movd`gll

Egyoc L# Mbbzg

Joll Codet

Fbc L# Cbz~bbfB~gc F# Bljzod`v

Map [avvgztbc

Mazolc [gg{lgt

Molgt [gg{lgt

Fayof [àzz

Cgal [bllazf

Jbccog Zwt`mbzg

Tvaclg Tagzt

Fayof Vazjgv

H#H# VwzcgzEgc Vlgz

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Z#@# Vgp ôlloamt

T{acot` Gfovobc8Macanocn Gfovbz8 Zaiagl Jazzacvgt

Vglwnw Gfovobc8Macanocn Gfovbz, Vzactlavbz8

Hbt`wa Nbbvam

Vamol Gfovobc8Macanocn Gfovbz, Vzactlavbzt8 T# Zahacaanam, Jgcc

@ocfo Gfovobc8Macanocn Gfovbz8 Gazcgtv Noll

Jzaollg Gfovobc8Macanocn Gfovbz (Ocfoa/, [òlgmbc Zaha



6

Gfovbzoal

“Ov Ot ^zovvgc”

Jzbc Cod`bltMbtv bi wt àyg zgaf oc Mavv`g~

dà{vgz v`zgg ajbwv v`g ja{voxocn bi

Hgtwt j v`g zglwdvacv Hb`c v`g Ja{voxgz

(Ja{votv/# g àyg zgaf v`g latv ygztg

bi v`g dà{vgz ~`gzg Nbf t{gaet izbm

`gaygc acf tat bi Hgtwt, “Vòt ot M

jglbygf Tbc, oc ~`bm O am ~gll {lgatgf#”

^g v`gc zgaf v`g addbwcv oc dà{vgz ibwz

bi Hgtwt jgocn lgf j v`g @bl T{ozov ocvb

v`g ~olfgzcgtt, acf ov ot v`gzg vàv Tavac

{zbdggft vb dbcizbcv D`zotv ~ov` a tgzogt

bi vgm{vavobct# Ov ot cbvg~bzv` vàv

Nbf‟t Tbc zgt{bcft dbctotvgcvl ~ov` v`g aiiozmavobc, “Ov ot ~zovvgc…#” J

@ot fbocn tb, Hgtwt ot vgtvoiocn vb v g mgzovt bi v`g Tdzo{vwzgt# @g ot `gzg wtocn

v`g ~zovvgc ^bzf bi Nbf at @ot jatot ibz zgiwtocn vb twddwmj vb v`g avvzadvoyg

vgm{vavobct dzgavgf j Tavac#O àyg cbv dbwcvgf v`gm mtgli, jwv O am vblf vàv Hgtwt wtgf vòt tamg

{`zatg, “Ov ot ~zovvgc,” 69 vomgt oc v`g Cg~ Vgtvamgcv# D`zotv anaoc acf

anaoc qwbvgf izbm v`g Blf Vgtvamgcv ~zovgzt at @g fzbyg `bmg {bocvt bi

t{ozovwal toncoiodacdg# @ot zg{gavgf gm{àtot w{bc Nbf‟t bzf zgilgdvgf @ot

dbciofgcdg oc v`g ~otfbm acf vzwvìwlcgtt bi v`g Tdzo{vwzgt# Ibz gpam{lg,

cbvodg @ot zgt{bctg vb v`g ialtg vgadòcn bi v`g Taffwdggt acf v`goz zghgdvobc

bi v`g fbdvzocg bi v`g zgtwzzgdvobc# Oc Mavv`g~ ::8:? @g act~gzgf v`gm j

taocn, “…_bw azg motvaegc, cbv ecb~ocn v`g Tdzo{vwzgt cbz v`g {b~gz bi Nbf#” V`g om{lodavobc ot qwovg dlgaz8 V`g act~gzt vb all mgacocniwl mavvgzt,

ocdlwfocn v`g zgtwzzgdvobc, azg oc Nbf‟t Jbbe, v`g Tdzo{vwzgt# At zglonobwt

lgafgzt, v`g t`bwlf àyg ecb~c jgvvgz#

Hgtwt fgiocovgl gcfbztgf acf twjtdzojgf vb ~àv ~g ecb~ at [zbygzjt

4;87,9, ~`gzg ~g zgaf, “Gygz ~bzf bi Nbf ot {wzg5 @g ot a tòglf vb v`btg ~`b

{wv v`goz vzwtv oc @om# Fb cbv aff vb @ot ~bzft, Lgtv @g zgjweg bw, acf bw jg

ibwcf a loaz#” Hgtwt dbwlf gcfbztg acf zgdbmmgcf gygz ~bzf oc Nbf‟t ^bzf#

Nbf zgnazfgf Fayof at “a mac aivgz M b~c `gazv” (Advt 148::/, acf



7

Fayof dgzvaocl àf v`g òn`gtv zgnazf ibz jbv` Nbf acf @ot bzf# Oc [talm

1?8>-? v`g [talmotv t`b~t òt allgnoacdg vb Nbf acf vb @ot ^bzf8 “V`g la~

bi v`g Lbzf ot {gzigdv, dbcygzvocn v`g tbwl5 V`g vgtvombc bi v`g Lbzf ot twzg,

maeocn ~otg v`g tom{lg5 V`g tvavwvgt bi v`g Lbzf azg zon`v, zghbodocn v`g `gazv5

V`g dbmmacfmgcv bi v`g Lbzf ot {wzg, gclon`vgcocn v`g ggt5 V`g igaz bi

v`g Lbzf ot dlgac, gcfwzocn ibzgygz5 V`g hwfnmgcvt bi v`g Lbzf azg vzwg acf

zon`vgbwt alvbngv`gz#”@b~ dbwlf acbcg v`gc bz cb~ iaol vb wcfgztvacf v`g tw{zgmad bi v`g

Tdzo{vwzgt ajbyg all bv`gz ~zovocnt acf"bz {zbcbwcdgmgcvt2 @b~ dbwlf mgc

zghgdv v`g ~otfbm acf dbmmovmgcv gp{zgttgf vb Nbf j Fayof oc [talm

11?811 at `g fgdlazgf, “_bwz ~bzf O àyg òffgc oc m `gazv, Vàv O mon`v

cbv toc anaoctv _bw#” Fayof zgdbncoxgf v`g yalwg bi zgafocn, ecb~ocn, acf

zgmgmjgzocn v`g ~zovvgc bzf bi Nbf# Ov ot w{ vb v`g d`wzd` vbfa vb lgaf v`g

~a oc t`b~ocn vb v`g ~bzlf v`g yalwg bi v`g Tdzo{vwzgt vàv dac `gl{ vb zgtdwg

all bi wt oc vomgt bi vzbwjlg acf vzojwlavobc#Hgtwt ecg~ “ov ot ~zovvgc” jgdawtg bi @ot {gztbcal tvwf bi Nbf‟t ^bzf#

@g ecg~ ov ~at “~zovvgc” jgdawtg bi @ot iamoloazov ~ov` v`g Tdzo{vwzgt#

Fayof ~at ajlg vb òfg Nbf‟t ^bzf oc òt `gazv jgdawtg `g zgaf acf

tvwfogf ov5 Fayof ecg~ v`g bzf# V`gzg ~gzg cb Jojlgt loeg ~g àyg vbfa

ibz Fayof acf bv`gzt vb {wzdàtg acf dazz ~ov` v`gm ~`gcgygz acf ~`gzgygz

v`g mbygf ajbwv# V`wt ov jgdamg om{bzvacv vb òm vàv `g zgaf vàv ~zovvgc

^bzf ygz dazgiwll acf izgqwgcvl acf dbmmov at mwd` bi ov at `g dbwlf vb

mgmbz tb vàv `g dbwlf oc vàv ~a àyg Nbf‟t bzf ~ov` òm av all vomgt#Hgtwt tvzgttgf vòcnt vàv ~gzg “~zovvgc” jgdawtg v`btg ~gzg v`g vòcnt

vàv ~gzg toncoiodacv vb Nbf acf vb mac‟t bjgfogcdg# V`btg vòcnt vàv ~gzg

cbv “~zovvgc” ~gzg mbzg vàc loegl v`g ofgat bi mgc, tbmg bi ~`bm tbwn`v

vb tgdwzg a ibllb~ocn ibz v`gmtglygt#

V`g ~zovvgc ^bzf ot gpdggfocnl om{bzvacv gygc oc v`g moftv bi vbfa‟t

òn` vgd` glgdvzbcodt, gvd# Cbv gygzbcg àt addgtt vb bz v`g vzaococn vb ecb~

`b~ vb vaeg afyacvang bi tbmg bi v`g tvavg-bi-v`g-azv vgd`cblbn vàv ot

ayaolajlg vb mac# O àyg dgzvaocl iaolgf oc tbmg bi m {atv {zgfodvobct, jwv

O ~oll maeg acbv`gz {zgfodvobc ‖ O {zgfodv vàv ov ~oll jg a ygz lbcn vomg, oi

gygz, jgibzg db{ogt bi v`g {zocvgf ^bzf acf bv`gz mavgzoalt fgalocn ~ov` vàv

{zocvgf bzf ~oll jgdbmg bjtblgvg#

V`g afyacvangt aiibzfgf j v`g {zocvgf db{ogt azg mac# @b~gygz, v`gzg

azg cb afyacvangt av all oi ~g fb cbv tgoxg bwz b{{bzvwcovogt vb WTG v`g {zocvgf

mavgzoal, jbv` ibz bwz b~c jgcgiov acf ibz v`g jgcgiov bi bv`gzt#

“Ov ot ~zovvgc#”

Lgv‟t ZGAF ov, TVWF_ ov, BJG_ ov, acf FOT[GZTG ov#



9

Attbdoavg Gfovbzoal

V`g ôtg

Wtg bi ^galv`

Hgzz Javgt

V`g {zb{gz wtg bi ~galv` ot bcg

bi v`g {zomaz vb{odt bi fotdwttobc

oc v`g Jojlg# Bcg vgpv ~òd` ot cbvbivgc wtgf oc dbccgdvobc ~ov` vòt

twjhgdv ot v`g [azajlg bi v`g Wchwtv

Tvg~azf oc Lweg 1981-14# Vòt

ot a foiiodwlv {azajlg vb {zb{gzl

wcfgztvacf, gv O jglogyg ov at mwd`

vb ta ajbwv v`g D`zotvoac‟t yog~ bi ~galv`# A tvg~azf oc jojlodal vomgt ~at ac

om{bzvacv mac# @g ma ayg jggc a tlayg, alv`bwn` cbv cgdgttazol# Zgnazflgtt,

`g àf v`g bygzton`v bi tbmg bz all bi v`g {zb{gzv bi òt matvgz‟t aiiaozt#Oc vòt tvbz, a tvg~azf twffgcl iocft vàv `g ~oll tbbc àyocn vb noyg ac

addbwcvocn vb òt matvgz# Vòt tvg~azf ~at {zbjajl bygztggocn tbmg zgcval

lacf bz majg a lbac angcv# Oc ac datg, vòt mac ecg~ `g ~at nbocn vb lbtg

òt hbj jgdawtg `g àf ~atvgf bz tqwacfgzgf òt matvgz‟t mbcg# @g ~bwlf

jg iozgf, ~ov` cb tgygzacdg {a, cb {a ibz {atv tgzyodg, cbvòcn! ^àv ~at `g

nbocn vb fb2 Vòt tvg~azf qwodel dbcdbdvgf a jzolloacv td`gmg# @g ~bwlf maze

fb~c v`g fgjvt bi gad` fgjvbz, v`gzgj ocdwzzocn v`goz nzavovwfg# V`gzgibzg,

~`gc g ~at fotmottgf izbm tgzyodg, v`g ~bwlf jg bjlongf vb gl{ om wcvol g~at ajlg vb iocf a mbzg {gzmacgcv tblwvobc# V`g matvgz dbmmgcfgf om ibz ot

t`zg~fcgtt, acf vòt ot v g foiiodwlv {azv bi v`g {azajlg# ^` ~bwlf v`g matvgz

dbmmgcf vòt fot`bcgtv, acf ~` ~bwlf Hgtwt wtg twd` a fot`bcgtv mac at ac

gpam{lg ibz @ot dòlfzgc2 @b~gygz, av vomgt, lgttbct dac jg lgazcgf gygc izbm

gyol mgc# Ac acdogcv {zbygzj taof, “Ov ot la~iwl vb lgazc, gygc izbm ac gcgm#”

^g mwtv zgmgmjgz vàv oc {azajlgt, ov ot bivgc v`g twz{zotocn at{gdv bi

v`g tvbz vàv vgad`gt v`g lgttbc# Tb ot v`g datg `gzg# Hgtwt ot cbv cgdgttazol

dbmmgcfocn v`g tvg~azf‟t advobct# @g ot wtocn vòt at ac gpam{lg bi v`g



>

ibzgton`v bi dazcal {gb{lg (Lweg 198?/, oc bv`gz ~bzft, bi v`btg ~`btg `gazvt

azg ~`bll avvad`gf vb v`g dbmibzvt, gchbmgcvt, acf tavotiadvobct bi vòt ~bzlf#

V`g wtg v`goz b{{bzvwcovogt vb afyacdg v`goz tgliot` ocvgzgtvt# V`g azg bivgc

~otg acf folongcv oc v`goz {wztwov bi v`goz ~bzlfl nbalt, ~ollocn vb tadzoiodg

almbtv gygzvòcn oc bzfgz vb adògyg v`gm# V`g tvzoyg vb {zg{azg ibz v`g iwvwzg#

Oc t`bzv, v`g wtg v`g vòcnt bi vòt loig oc bzfgz vb adògyg v`goz ~bzlfl nbalt,

hwtv at vòt tvg~azf wtgf ~bzlfl vòcnt oc bzfgz vb {zbvgdv òt iwvwzg#V`g dòlfzgc bi v`g ~bzlf azg oc dbcvzatv vb v`g dòlfzgc bi lon`v, Hgtwt‟

fotdo{lgt# “Ibz bw ~gzg bcdg fazecgtt, jwv cb~ bw azg lon`v oc v`g Lbzf#

âle at dòlfzgc bi lon`v” (G{`gtoact 780/# Nbf altb ~acvt @ot tgzyacvt vb jg

nbbf tvg~azft bi mbcg# Vb tbmg, vòt mon`v jg twz{zotocn tocdg Nbf fbgtc‟v

zgall cggf bwz mbcg# V`g zgatbc ot zgygalgf oc Lweg1981;-1:# Oc v`gtg

ygztgt, lovvlg ot dbcvzatvgf ~ov` mwd`5 v`g wczon`vgbwt mammbc ot dbcvzatvgf

~ov` v`g vzwg zod`gt5 vàv ~òd` jglbcnt vb acbv`gz ot dbcvzatvgf ~ov` bcg‟t

b~c# Oi ~g azg wciaovìwl oc lovvlg vòcnt, ~g ~oll dgzvaocl jg wciaovìwl oc jonvòcnt# Oi ~g azg wciaovìwl ~ov` v`g vgm{bzaz v ocnt bi vòt ~bzlf, `b~ dac

~g gp{gdv Nbf vb gcvzwtv wt ~ov` v`g iaz nzgavgz zod`gt bi @ot gvgzcal eocnfbm2

Gygzvòcn oc vòt ~bzlf jglbcnt vb Nbf# [awl qwbvgf [talm :681 ~`gc

`g ~zbvg, “V`g gazv` ot v`g Lbzf‟t, acf all ovt iwllcgtt” (1 Dbzocvòact 1;8:9/#

Tocdg vòt ~bzlf‟t nbbft jglbcn vb Nbf, v`gc ~g mwtv wtg v`gm ~otgl bz at

Nbf ~acvt v`gm vb jg wtgf#

^` ot v`g wtg bi mbcg tb om{bzvacv vb Nbf2 Wciaovìwlcgtt oc lovvlg vòcnt,

twd` at v`g om{zb{gz wtg bi vgm{bzaz vòcnt, gp{btgt v`g vzwg lbalvogt acfavvovwfgt bi bwz `gazvt# Bcg‟t avvovwfg vb~azf mbcg zgygalt dzadet oc gygc v`g

mbtv om{zgttoyg bwv~azf t`b~ bi zglonobc# Jgibzg ~g gcvzwtv bv`gz {gb{lg ~ov`

bwz {bttgttobct, ~g ~acv vb ecb~ oi ~g dac vzwtv v`gm# Oc vòt {azajlg, Hgtwt ot

jatodall vgadòcn v`g tamg vòcn# Jgibzg Nbf ~oll gcvzwtv wt ~ov` @ot gvgzcal

zod`gt, @g ~acvt wt vb t`b~ vàv @g dac vzwtv wt ~ov` lgttgz om{bzvacv vòcnt#

g ecb~ ~g dac vzwtv Nbf, jwv dac Nbf vzwtv wt2 Bcg ocfodavobc bi v`g act~gz

vb vàv qwgtvobc ot `b~ ~g wtg v`g vgm{bzaz zod`gt bi vòt ~bzlf# Zod`gt azg cbv

gyol, oc acf bi v`gmtglygt, jwv v g bivgc lgaf vb gyol# Hgtwt zgigzt vb mbcg at v`g

“mammbc bi wczon`vgbwtcgtt” jgdawtg ov izgqwgcvl ot wtgf ibz gyol {wz{btgt acf

dbmmbcl vwzct mgc a~a izbm Nbf# galv` bz mbcg ot fg{odvgf at a zoyal vb

Nbf oc ygztg 14# Wtocn Nbf‟t {bttgttobct (mbcg/ ibz tgliot` {wz{btgt t`b~t vàv

~g azg cbv vzwl fgybvgf vb Nbf# g azg wczon`vgbwt, lovvlg mbzg vàc vògygt, acf

cb jgvvgz vàc vòt fot`bcgtv tvg~azf ~`b ~at zglogygf bi òt tvg~azftò{# Nbf

ecb~t bwz gazvt (Lweg 19817/# At bcg ~zovgz taof, “Hgtwt fgmacft ~`blg`gazvgf

dbmmovmgcv vb @omtgli acf jzbbet cb zoyalt, {bttgttobct ocdlwfgf#” ^`b azg bw

zgall tgzyocn, Nbf bz bwztgli2



0

Attbdoavg Gfovbzoal

^àv Fbgt Tgge _g Ioztv

v`g Eocnfbm bi Nbf Mgac

vb _bw acf vb Mg Vbfa2

Lbwot Zwt`mbzg

Hgtwt taof, “… tgge g ioztv v`g

eocnfbm bi Nbf, acf òt zon`vgbwtcgtt

…” (Mavv`g~ 9844/, jwv ~àv ot v`g

{zadvodal a{{lodavobc vbfa bi tggeocn

ioztv v`g eocnfbm bi Nbf2 Bwz Lbzf

octvzwdvgf, “_bw tàll lbyg v`g Lbzf bwz Nbf ~ov` all bwz `gazv, ~ov` all bwz

tbwl, acf ~ov` all bwz mocf# Vòt ot v`g

ioztv acf nzgav dbmmacfmgcv ” (Mavv`g~

::84>-40/, jwv ot v`gzg acvòcn bz acbcg

~`b vbfa Nbf ma {gzmov vb vgm{gz vàv

{zomaz allgnoacdg vb @om2 Fbgt ov tbwcf loeg Hgtwt ~at yanwg ajbwv v`g dòlf

bi Nbf‟t ioztv dbmmovmgcv vb Fgov8 “@g ~`b lbygt iav`gz bz mbv`gz mbzg

vàc Mg ot cbv ~bzv` bi Mg# Acf `g ~`b lbygt tbc bz fawn`vgz mbzg vàc Mgot cbv ~bzv` bi Mg” (Mavv`g~ 1;84>/2 _gv, gygc D`zotvoact bivgc ialvgz oc

v`goz lbalv vb v`g Iav`gz, v`g Tbc acf v`g @bl T{ozov, alv`bwn` v`g tglfbm

afmov ov bz majg azg gygc a~azg bi vòt tgzobwt t`bzvdbmocn#

V`g D`zotvoac‟t lbalv vb Nbf bwn`v cbv vb jg ocizocngf j òt bz `gz

{avzobvod tm{avògt ibz v`g cavobc bi ~òd` `g bz t`g ot a dovoxgc, acf gv

tbmgvomgt, ibz octvacdg, Amgzodac D`zotvoact ma bivgc wc~ovvocnl {zbdlaom

ac Amgzodacoxgf, fgmbdzavod Nbt{gl oc ibzgonc lacft# Cgov`gz bwz dwlvwzg cbz

bwz ibzm bi nbygzcmgcv ot {azv bz {azdgl bi v`g Nbt{gl bi D`zotv# _gt, ~g azgbjlonavgf vb bjg v`g la~ bi v`g lacf oc ~òd` ~g loyg (Zbmact 1481->/, at

lbcn at ~g fb cbv àyg vb jzgae Nbf‟t la~ vb bjg mac‟t la~ (Advt 78:?/5 ~g

mwtv bjg Nbf‟t la~ ioztv, jgibzg bjgocn mac‟t la~, vb ~òd` ~g altb b~g

bwz bjgfogcdg# Tgge ioztv v`g eocnfbm bi Nbf jgibzg tggeocn cavobc bz dwlvwzg#

Iwzv`gz, izbm Mavv`g~ 1;84> ~g lgazc vàv Nbf dbmgt ioztv jgibzg

`wtjacf, ~oig, dòlfzgc, bz bv`gz iamol mgmjgzt# @b~gygz, v`bwn` cgazl

all bi wt ~oll zgafol afmov vòt adafgmodall, izgqwgcvl gygc D`zotvoact {wv

iamol jgibzg Nbf# Fb D`zotvoact {wv iamol ioztv ~`gc iamol mgmjgzt loyg



?

bwv bi àzmbc ~ov` v g Nbt{gl2 Fb ~g {wv iamol a`gaf bi ~bztò{{ocn Nbf

oi zglavoygt yotov bc attgmjl fat acf v`g azg cbv iaovìwl D`zotvoact2 Tgge

ioztv v`g eocnfbm bi Nbf jgibzg tggeocn iamol#

V`gzg azg tb mac azgat oc loig ~`gzg gygc D`zotvoact fgmbctvzavg

oc v`goz loygt vàv v`g `gfng bc tggeocn ioztv v`g eocnfbm bi Nbf acf @ot

zon`vgbwtcgtt# Fbgt iofglov vb a {azvodwlaz {blovodal {azv dbmg jgibzg lbalv

vb Hgtwt D`zotv2 Fbgt zadoal bz gv`cod {zgigzgcdg tw{gztgfg dbmmovmgcv vbbwz Tayobz2 Fbgt ngvvocn a`gaf oc vòt ~bzlf iocacdoall vaeg {zgdgfgcdg

bygz {ladocn Nbf ioztv oc bwz loygt (Mavv`g~ 198:9/2 Azg t{bzvocn gygcvt,

zgdzgavobc, acf gcvgzvaocmgcv fgtgzyocn bi bwz dògi avvgcvobc bygz tgzyocn

D`zotv2 Tgge ioztv v`g eocnfbm bi Nbf jgibzg iaybzocn {blovodt, zadoal bz gv`cod

ofgcvov, iocacdoal bz mavgzoal twddgtt, t{bzvt, zgdzgavobc, acf gcvgzvaocmgcv#

Mavv`g~ 9844 ot cbv cgazl at foiiodwlv vb dbm{zg`gcf at ov ot foiiodwlv

vb om{lgmgcv oc v`g D`zotvoac loig# V`g ~bzf “ioztv” `gzg mgact, “ioztvl (oc

vomg, {ladg, bzfgz, bz om{bzvacdg/” ( Jojlgtbiv‟t Cg~ Gpàwtvoyg Tvzbcn‟t/#Tgqwgcvoall, cbvòcn bwn`v vb dbmg jgibzg tggeocn v`g eocnfbm bi Nbf

acf @ot zon`vgbwtcgtt! Iwzv`gz, cbvòcn ot mbzg toncoiodacv vàv tggeocn v`g

eocnfbm bi Nbf acf @ot zon`vgbwtcgtt!

Vòt mgact vàv at awv`gcvod D`zotvoact ~g tgge bwz Lbzf jgibzg ~g tgge

iaybz bi bz ibz bwz cavobc bz dwlvwzg! Vòt mgact vàv at ngcwocg D`zotvoact

~g tgge Hgtwt D`zotv a`gaf bi bwz allgnoacdg vb a {blovodal {azv — Fgmbdzavod,

Zg{wjlodac, bz bv`gz~otg! Vòt mgact vàv jgibzg O vòce bi mtgli at ~òvg,

jlade, @ot{acod, bz tbmg bv`gz zadg, O vòce bi mtgli at a dòlf bi Nbf tggeocnv`g ~a bi v`g Lbzf# Iwzv`gzmbzg, jgibzg a t{bwtg, a {azgcv, a dòlf, bz bv`gz

iamol mgmjgz, O am ioztv a D`zotvoac ~ov` a {zgigzgcvoal fgfodavobc vb Almon`v

Nbf# T{bzvt, zgdzgavobc, gcvgzvaocmgcv, ybdavobct, bjjogt, bz acvòcn gazv`l

àt cb {ladg ocvgzdgfocn jgv~ggc v`g D`zotvoac acf v`g Nbf`gaf# Izogcft

acf jzgv`zgc, ~g àyg cbv jgnwc vb tgge ioztv v`g eocnfbm bi Nbf acf @ot

zon`vgbwtcgtt at lbcn at ac bi v`gtg vòcnt ocvgzygcg jgv~ggc Nbf acf wt#

Azg bw vzwl tggeocn ioztv v`g eocnfbm bi Nbf acf @ot zon`vgbwtcgtt,

bz azg bw mgzgl {zgvgcfocn2 [zgvgcfocn ~oll ngv wt cb~`gzg ~g ~acv vb jg

gvgzcall (Mavv`g~ >8:1-:4/# Ma bw acf O jbv` `bcgtvl acf gazcgtvl tgge

ioztv v`g eocnfbm bi Nbf acf @ot zon`vgbwtcgtt izbm vòt fa ibz~azf, acf ~g

~oll t{gcf gvgzcov vbngv`gz oc `gaygc ~ov` taocvt izbm gygz ang oc v`g ygz

{zgtgcdg bi bwz Nbf#

^bzet Dovgf

Jojlgtbiv‟t Cg~ Gpàwtvoyg Tvzbcn‟t Cwmjgzt acf Dbcdbzfacdg ~ov` Gp{acf-

gf Nzgge-@gjzg~ Fodvobcaz# DF-ZBM# Tgavvlg8 Jojlgtbiv acf Ocvgzcavobc-

al Jojlg Vzactlavbzt, :;;9#



1;

Vajlg bi Dbcvgcvt

NbfV`g Nbf bi All Dbmibzv ################################Tvaclg G# Tagzt #################1;Tbmg Vòcnt Nbf Fbgt Cbv Ecb~ ############ Zacfall Datglmac ################1:Acf Mac Dzgavgf Nbf####################################Hade # Dazvgz ###################16

Hgtwt, Bwz Tayobz ########################################@act Fgfgztd`gde ################19Nbf Mwtv Jg Ioztv [ladg oc M Loig ################## Vom Dòlft #######################1>

GyofgcdgtV~b Octgdvt ######################################################@wnb MdDbzf ####################:;

_bw Dac‟v Jg ac Gyblwvobcotv acf Jg a D`zotvoac######Acf Zbjotbc ########::^àv Azg v`g Dàcdgt2 ####################@bwtg vb @bwtg, @gazv vb @gazv ######:6

V`g ^bzf bi NbfOcvgz{zgvocn v`g Jbbe bi Zgyglavobc ################Egzz @blvbc #####################:7

V`g [ladg bi V`g Blf Vgtvamgcv ####################Homm Hoyofgc ####################:>Taignwazft oc Tdzo{vwzg #############################Jgvv Jwzvbc D`bavg ###############:0Gg bi a Cggflg ###################################################Hb`c Allac #######################41

Talyavobc^`b Ot Dbygzgf j v`g Nzadg bi Nbf2########### H#D# D`bavg ######################46A Dall ibz @gl{ ############################################## Fayof A# Tazngcv ##################49Vomg, Fbc‟v Zwc Bwv bc Mg! ##########################Modàgl L# Eocn ###################40Ja{votm, A Ionwzg2####################################### B~gc F# Bljzod`v #################6;

V`g Tadzofi

dgt bi Nbf######################################Fbc Dam{jgll ####################64Ot Ov Cbvòcn Vb _bw2 ######################################Mapog J# Jbzgc ###################67

V`g D`wzd`^g Jglogyg########################################################## Jbjj Eg ######################69

_bw Azg v`g Vgm{lg bi Nbf############################Egyoc L# Mbbzg ###################6>

Fbdvzocg vb loyg jOctvzwmgcval Mwtod, Jojlodal bz Cbv2 ############## Dàzlgt Jbp #####################6?Vzwg Zglonobc########################################################Joll Follbc ########################7;^gayocn Bwv acf Oc, bz V~b Tvg{t Ibz~azf############Zambcf Gllobvv #######71

D`zotvoacov Oc Advobc@gzg Am O, Tgcf Mg ######################################Naz D# @am{vbc #################77Jwzngz Eocn acf Glgygc Dgcvt##################Tvgyg @onnocjbvàm ###############79Zgad` Bwv acf Vbwd` Tbmgbcg ####################F~on`v Iwqwa ####################7>^` Tàzg v`g Nbt{gl2 ##################################Fac Z# B~gc ####################70^g Azg av âz! #############################################@azyg M# Tvazlocn ################9;

^bztò{^bztò{ ############################################################Tàc Hadetbc ####################9:Om{bzvacdg bi [wjlod ^bztò{#########################Hb`c No{tbc #####################99



11

Mwtv ^g Tocn2################################################## Moeg @ocvbc ######################9>

Faol D`zotvoac Loyocn@b~ vb Vgll Zon`v izbm ^zbcn ######################### Cgal [bllazf #####################>;V`g Ibbv #########################################################B~gc Dbtnzbyg ##################>1O @ayg Nbv Ov Mafg! ########################################Moeg Toca{oafgt ##################>:Fgficocn Lbyg#######################################################Joll Codet ########################>6

V`g D`zotvoac @bmg^àv O âcv ibz M Dòlfzgc#########################Homm Igznwtbc ##################>>Mbv`gz‟t Lbaf ####################################################Fac Nwllg ######################>?ÔLF Wcfotdo{locgf Dòlfzgc ######################Fbc Fgiigcjawn` #################01Gddlgtoatvgt ibz _bwcn [gb{lg #######################[awl @bllacf #####################0:Iav`gz, Lgaf Mg! ###########################################Dlfg M# @azvlg #################04

{zbygzjt 1>8::@wmbz ##########################################################################################################06

@g _bw Eoft!V`g Wtg bi Vomg ############################################T[D Algp Nojtbc #################09

Vgpvwal Tvwfogt@g Fg{azvgf ibz a Tgatbc############################Jbccog Zwt`mbzg #################0?“@g Gcfwzgf”####################################################Homm Dlaze #####################?:T{gaeocn oc Vbcnwgt#####################################Zbdg Izgfgzode ##################?6

Jojlg @otvbzAzdàgblbnodal Gyofgcdg bi Hbtg{` oc Gn{v2##########Zgp Jacet ############?7

Dàzvt acf Bwvlocgt

Tbmg Vòcnt ^g Dac Ecb~ ########################### H#A# V`bzcvbc ####################?9Tbmg Vòcnt a Toccgz Lgazcgf Vbb Lavg #######Dwzvot Dam{ #####################?0

Jojlg DàzadvgztAjzaàm8 A Mac Ecb~c bi Nbf##################### Homm _bwcn ##################1;;Fbzdat ###############################################################Nlgcc Dbllg ##################1;:

Jojlg QwgtvobctFb Mgc @ayg v`g Zon`v vb Jg ^zbcn2############## Egc Vlgz ######################1;7Jbzc a Toccgz2##################################################Moeg Jgctbc ###################1;9

^`gzg Fof Tavac Dbmg Izbm2######################Jbjj Fbdegz #################1;>

Igavwzgt, [bgmt Acf Iollgzt“Ov Ot ^zovvgc” ###################################################Jzbc Cod`blt ######################6V`g ôtg Wtg bi ^galv` ####################################Hgzz Javgt ########################9^àv Fbgt Tgge _g Ioztv### Mgac2 ###############Lbwot Zwt`mbzg ####################0Ygztg Tgazd`8 Zbmact ?84;-1;814 ###################Hgzz Javgt ######################4:7 Mocwvg Jojlg Tvwf8 Gvgzcal Loig ################## [awla Javgt #####################9?Jojlg Iocf8 Qwalofidavobct bi Glfgzt############Jbccog Zwt`mbzg #################00^`b Am O2"^`gzg Am O2 ############################Zgjgdda Zwt`mbzg #############1;6



1:

Nbf

V@G NBF BI

ALL DBMIBZVTvaclg G# Tagzt

Bivgc oc vomgt bi fgg{ tvzgtt acf tbzzb~, bz {acod-nzo{{ocn igaz, ~`gc ~g

vwzc oc~azf ~g va{ a nzgav zgtgzyboz bi tvzgcnv`# Vb ta vàv ~g azg fza~ocn

w{bc afzgcaloc, v`g twjdbctdobwt, bz tbmgvòcn zgtofwal ~ovòc wt ot àzfl

twiiodogcv# O am {gztwafgf, ~ov` v g ~gazogf a{btvlg bi nlbjal gp{gzogcdg, vàvov ot cbvòcn bv`gz vàc “v`g Nbf bi all dbmibzv” ~`b jgdbmgt bwz tvzgcnv` (:

Dbzocvòact 184/# @g tvacft bcl vbb zgaf vb twtvaoc wt# At nbgt v`g `mc,

“Bwz Nbf ot ajlg vb fgloygz v`gg”! Vòt v`bwn`v àt jzbwn`v dbctblavobc vb m

`gazv ibz mac gazt bi {zgadòcn, acf O am dgzvaoc O fb cbv tvacf albcg#

Fayof fof a tblb ~ov` òt tbwl ~`gc `g fgdlazgf, “; Lbzf, v`bw àtv

tgazd`gf mg, acf ecb~c mg…^òv`gz tàll O nb izbm v` T{ozov2 Bz ~òv`gz

tàll O ilgg izbm v` {zgtgcdg2 Oi O atdgcf w{ ocvb `gaygc, v`bw azv v`gzg5 Oi O

maeg m jgf oc T`gbl, jg`blf, v`bw azv v`gzg…” ([talm 14?8>50/# Tb bivgc ~gzgaf v`g nzacf {zbmotgt bi v`g Tdzo{vwzgt ~ov`bwv vaeocn v`gm ~ov` afgqwavg

dbcyodvobc, jwv v`gc v`gzg azg v`btg vomgt ~g zwt` oc acf tgg ibz bwztglygt oi

v`g azg vzwl ~àv ~g àyg jggc {zgadòcn v`g azg! Vzwl, ~g ~ale j iaov`

acf cbv j ton`v, jwv tbmgvomgt ~g azg fza~c vb Nbf#

Dac @g zgall twtvaoc wt, acf oc twd` a ~a vàv ~g dac jg a~azg bi ov

([talm 778::/2 ôll @g ocfggf twmmbc all vòcnt ibz bwz b~c nbbf (Zbmact

08:0/2 ôll @g twzmbwcv v`g ~allt bi {zgyaolocn dozdwmtvacdgt vb zgtdwg wt oc

om{gcfocn {gzol2 O jglogyg vàv @g ~oll# O daccbv gp{laoc vòcnt vàv nb a-mottoc loig, jwv cgov gz dac O vbvall dbm{zg`gcf foyocg {zbyofgcdg# O tom{l ecb~

vàv v`g Jojlg vgad`gt ov, acf O tàll addg{v ov acf zghbodg# Acnglt wca~azg ma

dbmg oc v`g ibzm bi todecgtt, fotvzgtt, addofgcvt, gvd#, jwv oi ~g vzwl vzwtv Nbf,

gygzvòcn ~oll al~at ~bze bwv ibz v`g jgtv#

Ov ot a jblf b{vomotm vàv dac ta acf mgac, “Lbzf, bw ecb~ m ~gaecgttgt

acf lomovavobct5 bw ecb~ Tavac ~acvt mg, tb O am vwzcocn vòt {zbjlgm dbm{lgvgl

bygz vb bw#” Cb~ mgac ov, acf ajofg j ov# Nbf fgt{otgt cbv v`g {zagzt bi a

{aociwl acf izwtvzavgf `wmac jgocn ~`b ~oll cbv noyg w{ wcvol `g noygt Nbf a



14

Nbf

dàcdg av ov# “ Lgv wt v`gzgibzg dbmg jblfl wcvb v`g v`zbcg bi nzadg, vàv ~g ma

bjvaoc mgzd, acf iocf nzadg vb `gl{ oc vomg bi cggf ” (@gjzg~t 6819/#

O am dbcvgcv vb lgv ~àv à{{gct vb mg zgtv oc v`g àcft bi v`g Bcg ~`b

tw{zgmgl lbygt# Vòt ~at v`g {òlbtb{` bi dbcvgcvgf [awl# Oi ~g ~ollfglojgzavgl acf vzwtvocnl {ladg bwztglygt oc v`g àcft bi Nbf, ~àvgygz

ayaolt ~oll jg ibz bwz nbbf (Zbmact 08:05 [talm 1181/# Ot iaov` a {zbjlgm ibz

bw2 V`gc zgaf anaoc @gjzg~t 11 acf dbmmov ov vb bwz vzbwjlgf `gazv#

Nbf‟t aiigdvobcavg ggt azg mbtv {zbvgdvoyg acf iopgf w{bc @ot {gb{lg

bi {zagz (1 [gvgz 481:/# @g ~ov``blft cb nbbf vòcn izbm v`btg ~`b ~ale

w{zon`v ([talm 06811/# @ot yotobc gcdbm{attgt v`g gazv` ([talm 998>/# @g ot

v`gzg loeg a cgv vb davd` wt ~`gc ~g lbtg bwz ibbvocn bc v`g von`vzb{g bi loig#

@g ~oll cgygz twiigz v`g zon`vgbwt vb jg mbygf ([talm 778::/# Jlgttgf ot v`g

mac ~`b {wvt òt vzwtv oc @om ([zbygzjt :08:7/#

Ac glfgzl taocv dbcdgfgf vàv oc v`g gazlogz gazt bi gz loig t`g gp{gzogcdgf

v`g t~ggvcgtt bi `gz zglonobc, jwv oc lavgz gazt tbzzb~ tvzwde acf t`g àf vb

gcvgz ocvb v`g {b~gz bi `gz zglonobc# O vòce ov ot `gzg vàv Nbf jgdbmgt mbtv

zgal# T`g àf afyacdgf ocvb v`g azgca ~`gzg t`g dbwlf cb lbcngz nb ov albcg

acf àf vb zgad` bwv ibz acf lgac w{bc `gz Lbzf, acf @g ~at v`gzg#

Vgct bi v`bwtacft bi ybodgt ~bwlf jlgcf at bcg oc vòt {gztbcal vzojwvg ‖

Nbf ot! V`zbwn` v`g dgcvwzogt mgc àyg àf vb tgge bwv Hg`bya`! Ajzaàm

Locdblc fwzocn v`g fwzgtt bi v`g Doyol âz dbcigttgf vàv `g bivgc àf vb iallbc òt ecggt, ibz `g àf cb~`gzg gltg vb vwzc# Ov ot fwzocn v g gmjavvlocn bi

v`g `bvvgtv dbcilodvt, ~`gc ~g dac fb cbvòcn ibz bwztglygt, vàv Nbf jzgaet

v`zbwn` bwz zgtotvacdg acf maegt vzwg jglogygzt bi wt# Ov ot gzg vàv @g gayol

wcfgztdbzgt v`g vgtvombcogt bi @ot tadzgf bzf# Ov ot `gzg vàv v`g Jojlg ~g

àyg jggc jglogyocn all v`gtg gazt twffgcl ot om{lacvgf tb fgg{l oc bwz

`gazvt vàv cbvòcn dac haz ov lbbtg!

Oc v`g vwzjwlgcdg bi dàbt, mgc lgazc v~b toncoiodacv lgttbct ‖ v`g daccbv

~gav`gz v`g tvbzm albcg, acf v gzg ot a Nbf oc gaygc! @g tvoll zwlgt ambcn v`gaiiaozt bi mgc, gt{gdoall v`btg bi @ot fgaz dòlfzgc# @g ot macoigtvl v`g Nbf

bi all dbmibzv, acf O lbyg @om ~ov` m gcvozgv# “Jlgttgf jg v`g ### Nbf bi all

dbmibzv, ~`b dbmibzvt wt oc all bwz vzojwlavobc, vàv ~g ma jg ajlg vb dbmibzv

v`btg ~`b azg oc ac vzbwjlg, ~ov` v`g dbmibzv ~ov` ~òd` ~g bwztglygt azg

dbmibzvgf j Nbf” (: Dbzocvòact 184,6/#

V`g jzayg a{btvlg vb v`g Ngcvolgt ~zbvg, “ Jwv oi ac mac lbyg Nbf, v`g

tamg ot ecb~c bi òm” (1 Dbzocvòact 084/#



16

Nbf

Nbf ot bmcotdogcv acf bmco{zgt-

gcv# Vàv mgact @g ecb~t all vòcnt

acf ot ac~`gzg @g d`bbtgt vb jg

acvomg bz all v`g vomg# Fayof taof

ov tb ~gll oc [talm 14?8 “^`gzg dac

O nb izbm bwz t{ozov2 ^`gzg dac O

ilgg izbm bwz {zgtgcdg2 Oi O nb w{ vb

v`g `gaygct, _bw azg v`gzg5 Oi O maeg

m jgf oc v`g nzayg, _bw azg v`gzg# Oi

O zotg bc v`g ~ocnt bi fa~c bz tgvvlg

bc v`g iaz tofg bi v`g tgat, _bwz àcf

~oll nwofg mg# _bw ecb~ m ibbvtvg{tjgibzg O vaeg v`gm5 _bw {gzdgoyg m

v`bwn`vt izbm aiaz#” Oi vòt ot vzwg,

`b~ dac v`gzg jg acvòcn Nbf fbgt

cbv ecb~2

1# Nbf fbgt cbv ecb~ a toc

@g fbgt cbv àvg# “Top vòcnt Nbf

àvgt…_gt, tgygc azg ac ajbmocavobc

oc @ot ton`v ”# Ocfggf, Nbf fbgt àvgtoc# @g àt gpdlwfgf toc acf v`g toc-

cgz izbm @ot {zgtgcdg# Cbv bcl fbgt

Nbf àvg toc, @g dbmmacft vàv ~g

fb altb# “ Lgv v`btg ~`b lbyg v`g Lbzf

àvg toc” ([talm ?>81;/# “ @avg vàv

~òd` ot gyol ” (Zbmact 1:8?j/#

Tbmgvomgt ~g {la a namg ~ov`

toc# g toxg ov, davgnbzoxg ov, dblbz

ov, acf hwtvoi ov# Cb! Toc ot toc ot

toc# V`gzg azg cb lovvlg toct acf jon

toct# Iblet dbcvgcf vàv tbmg toct

azg ~bztg vàc bv`gzt# Oi vàv ot tb,

camg bcg toc vàv ~oll cbv fgtvocg wt

vb gvgzcal tg{azavobc izbm Nbf, oi lgiv

wcibznoygc# Toc ot toc, acf ov ot tbwl-

famcocn# Toc ot cbv vb jg toxgf, dav-

gnbzoxgf, dblbzgf, cbz gpdwtgf, jwv

aybofgf j gad` bi wt#

:# Nbf fbgt cbv ecb~ a toccgz

@g fbgt cbv lbyg# Nbf àvgt toc acflbygt v`g toccgz! Fb ~g2 Nbf ot a

izogcf bi toccgzt# @ot Tbc lbtv @ot

loig jgdawtg @g ~at a izogcf bi acf vb

toccgzt# “ Ibz Nbf tb lbygf v`g ~bzlf

(toccgzt/ vàv @g nayg @ot bcl jgnbv-

vgc Tbc…^òlg ~g ~gzg gv toccgzt,

D`zotv fogf ibz wt…” (Hb`c 4819 acf

Zbmact 780/# g mwtv tvb{ vzocnvb wcfgztvacf acf gp{laoc Nbf acf

@ot lbyg acf hwtv addg{v @ot amaxocn

nzadg# Vàv‟t D`zotvoacov# Nbf fbgt

cbv ecb~ a toccgz @g fbgtc‟v lbyg#

4# Nbf fbgt cbv ecb~ a tbwl @g

fbgt cbv ~acv vb tayg# Hgtwt taof,

“ O fof cbv dbmg vb dall v`g zon`vgbwt,

jwv toccgzt vb zg{gcvacdg”# Vàv‟t

Tbmg Vòcnt Nbf

Fbgt Cbv Ecb~Zacfall Datglmac



17

Nbf

all bi wt, otc‟v ov2 [awl dbcdlwfgf oc

Zbmact 4 vàv “ All àyg toccgf…

V`gzg ot cbcg zon`vgbwt, cb cbv bcg”

(Zbmact 481;,:4/# [gvgz {wv ov ocv`gtg ~bzft8 “V`g Lbzf ot cbv tlade

dbcdgzcocn @ot {zbmotgt…jwv ot

{avogcv vb~azf wt…cbv ~ollocn vàv

ac t`bwlf {gzot` jwv vàv all t`bwlf

dbmg vb zg{gcvacdg#” Otc‟v vàv nzgav!

Ov ot cgygz vbb lavg ibz bw vb vwzc bwz

`gazv acf loig vb Nbf# @g fbgt cbv

ecb~ a tbwl @g fbgtc‟v ~acv vb tayg#

Vàv ocdlwfgt bw acf mg, zgnazflgtt

bi bwz toc acf ovt wnlocgtt#

6# Nbf fbgt cbv ecb~ a jgv-

vgz ~a vb tayg# ^g davd` bwz ioztv

nlom{tg bi {zbmotgf talyavobc oc

Ngcgtot 4817, acf v`gc loeg a v`zgaf,

ov ~ocft v`zbwn` Cba` acf v`g ilbbf,

v`g {zbmotg vb Ajzaàm, v`g Zgf Tga

dzbttocn, v`g fgloygzacdg bi v`g zgm-cacv v`zbwn` Gtv`gz, v`g yoznoc jozv`,

v`g dzbtt, acf v`g zgtwzzgdvobc# Nbf

~bzegf @ot {lac v`zbwn` 4,;;; gazt

bi `wmac òtvbz# Oi v`gzg ~gzg a jgv-

vgz ~a, @g ~bwlf àyg wtgf ov#

Ov ot wcibzvwcavg vàv mac bi wt

vòce vàv ~g ecb~ a jgvvgz ~a# “ @g

vàv jglogygt acf ot ja{voxgf tàll jg taygf #” T{ozovwal jlgttocnt, ocdlwfocn

talyavobc, azg vb jg ibwcf oc D`zotv#

[awl vgllt wt, “ At mac at àyg jggc

ja{voxgf ocvb D`zotv ayg {wv bc D`zotv

Uazg dlbv`gf ~ov` D`zotv]#” Azg bw oc

D`zotv2 Bwvtofg v`gzg ot cb talyavobc#

[gvgz oc Advt 681: vgllt wt, “Talyavobc

ot oc cbcg bv`gz#” Nbf ecb~t bi cb

jgvvgz ~a vb tayg wt vàc v`zbwn` @ot

Tbc Hgtwt# Addg{v @ot ~a!

7# Nbf ecb~t cb jgvvgz vomg vb

jg taygf vàc vbfa# “Vbfa ot v`gfa bi talyavobc# Cb~ ot v`g addg{vgf

vomg# Vbfa oi bw `gaz @ot ybodg

jwzfgc cbv bwz `gazv ” (: Dbzocvò-

act 98: acf @gjzg~t 68>/# V`g Jbbe

bi Advt ot iollgf ~ov` {gb{lg ~`b ad-

dg{vgf Hgtwt acf ~gzg taygf8 4,;;;

oc Advt :, v`g Gvòb{oac vzgatwzgz oc

Advt 0, Dbzcglowt oc Advt 1;, v`g haol-

gz bi Dà{vgz 19, Lfoa j v`g zoygz#

V`gtg {gb{lg ~gzg taygf v`g fa v`g

jglogygf acf bjggf# Zgaf gad` bi

v`gtg dbcygztobc cazzavoygt dazgiwll#

^`gc ~g fb, ~g iocf v`g ibllb~ocn

ygztg fgtdzo{voyg bi gad` dbcygz-

tobc# “ Acf v`btg ~`b addg{vgf @ot

mgttang ~gzg ja{voxgf ” (Advt :861/#

ôll bw addg{v v`g Nbt{gl bi Hgtwt2Fbc‟v {wv ov bii# Nbf ecb~t cb jgvvgz

vomg vàc vbfa# g àyg cb {zbmotg

bi vbmbzzb~#

V`gtg azg ioyg vòcnt vàv Nbf

fbgt cbv ecb~# Jwv tvoll @g ot bm-

cotdogcv# Tvoll @g lbbet ocvb bwz

`gazvt, acf ecb~t v`g zgal wt# Tvoll,

~g dac ta, ~ov` Fayof oc [talm 14?,“Tgazd` m `gazv, B Nbf, vz mg acf

ecb~ m v`bwn`vt# Lgaf mg oc bwz

gygzlatvocn ~at”# V`g zgal qwgtvobc

bi vòt mbmgcv ot ‖ “Fb bw ecb~

Nbf2”

Zacfal Datglmac {zgad`gt ibz v`gLbzf‟t d`wzd` oc Jglla Yotva, Azeactat,

WTA#



19

Nbf

Acf Mac

DzgavgfNbfHade ^# Dazvgz

Acv`zb{bmbz{òtm ot fgiocgf at “v`g avvzojwvobc

bi `wmac ibzm acf dàzadvgz vb Nbf#” Nbf fof tavàv ~g ~gzg vb jg dzgavgf oc @ot omang# Fbgt vòt

mgac Nbf zgtgmjlgt wt, bz vàv ~g zgtgmjlg @om2

Zgdbzfgf oc v`g jbbe bi [talmt azg tvavgmgcvt

izbm Nbf vàv t`bwlf {zbm{v wt vb jg dawvobwt# @ot

{gb{lg bi vàv fa ~gzg {odeocn acf d`bbtocn hwtv ~àv

v`g v`bwn`v ~bwlf twzgl jg {lgatocn vb @om# Nbf

taof bi v`gm, “… bw avg fotdo{locg, acf bw datv M

~bzft jgòcf bw” ([talm 7;81>/# Zgnazfocn vòt,@g dbcvocwgf, “V`gtg vòcnt bw ayg fbcg acf O eg{v

tolgcdg” (ygztg :1/# V`gc @g dbcdlwfgf, “_bw v`bwn`v

vàv O ~at hwtv loeg bw5 O ~oll zg{zbyg bw acf tvavg v`g

datg oc bzfgz jgibzg bwz gg” (ygztg :1/# Nbf ottwgf

a tgzobwt ~azcocn dbcdgzcocn all bi vòt#

@b~ octwlvocn ~bwlf ov jg vb twnngtv vàv v`g

tamg eocf bi wcaddg{vajlg {zadvodg ot zam{acv vbfa2

Ov ot dlgaz vb all vàv bwz ~bzlf ot gcnangf oc a vgzzojlg t{ozovwal dbcilodv# A

nzgav matt bi {gb{lg jglogyg vàv v`g vzwg Nbf ot a Nbf bi ocvblgzacdg, àvzgf,

acf yoblgcdg, ~òlg tb mac bv`gzt jglogyg vàv @g ot a Nbf ({wz{bzvgfl v`g

tamg Nbf/ bi lbyg, acf gp{gdvt @ot dòlfzgc vb jg hwtv at lbyocn, acf dgzvaocl

cbv yoblgcv# ^àv amaxocn fot{azov!

@b~gygz, foygztg zgatbcocn ~oll cbv tgzyg vb alvgz v`g Almon`v Nbf# @g

~oll jg ~`b @g ot, zgnazflgtt bi ~àv ~g ma fgdofg @g t`bwlf jg#

^àv ajbwv D`zotvoact2 Azg ~g tggeocn vb iatòbc a Nbf vb twov bwz yal-

wgt2 Lgv‟t {gge av tbmg zgalovogt#



1>

Nbf

Tbmg D`zotvoact vbfa azg dbcyocdgf vàv v`goz Nbf ~oll addg{v all ~`b

jglogyg oc @om# “_bw jglogyg vàv v`gzg ot bcg Nbf# _bw fb ~gll# Gygc v`g

fgmbct jglogyg ‖ acf vzgmjlg!” (Hamgt :81?/

Bv`gzt azg {gztwafgf vàv v`goz Nbf gp{gdvt a dbmmovmgcv# “V`gc @g taof vb v`gm all, “Oi acbcg fgtozgt vb dbmg aivgz Mg, lgv om fgc òmtgli, acf

vaeg w{ òt dzbtt faol, acf ibllb~ Mg” (Lweg ?8:4/#

Tbmg jglogyg vàv v`gozt ot a Nbf ~`b ~oll {wcot` toccgzt oc a {ladg bi vbz-

mgcv# “@g ~oll altb ta vb v`btg bc v`g lgiv àcf, ‐Fg{azv izbm Mg, bw dwztgf,

ocvb v`g gygzlatvocn iozg {zg{azgf ibz v`g fgyol acf ot acnglt###” (Mavv`g~ :7861/

Bv`gzt dbcdlwfg vàv v`g ~bztò{ a Nbf ~`b ot mwd` vbb lbyocn vb gygz

fb vàv# “Ibz Nbf tb lbygf v`g ~bzlf vàv @g nayg @ot bcl jgnbvvgc Tbc, vàv

~`bgygz jglogygt oc @om t`bwlf cbv {gzot` jwv àyg gygzlatvocn loig# Ibz Nbf

fof cbv tgcf @ot Tbc ocvb v`g ~bzlf vb dbcfgmc v`g ~bzlf, jwv vàv v`g ~bzlf

v`zbwn` @om mon`v jg taygf# @g ~`b jglogygt oc @om ot cbv dbcfgmcgf5 jwv

`g ~`b fbgt cbv jglogyg ot dbcfgmcgf alzgaf, jgdawtg g at cbv jglogygf oc

v`g camg bi v`g bcl jgnbvvgc Tbc bi Nbf” (Hb`c 4819-10/#

Tbmg tgg Nbf at bcg ~`b gp{gdvt iwll bjgfogcdg# “Oi bw lbyg Mg, egg{ M

dbmmacfmgcvt” (Hb`c 16817/# Bv`gzt twnngtv vàv ~g t`bwlf tgg @om at a Nbf

~`b ~ocet av fotbjgfogcdg, at lbcn at bcg {zbigttgt vb jg a jglogygz# “Vzwl, v`gtg

vomgt bi oncbzacdg Nbf bygzlbbegf, jwv cb~ dbmmacft all mgc gygz~`gzg vb

zg{gcv###” (Advt 1>84;/# Tbmg `blf iatv vb v`g dbcyodvobc vàv v`g vzwg Nbf ~acvtwt vb `bcbz @ot bzf ~ov`bwv fgyoavobc# Bv`gzt iggl vàv vòt Nbf allb~t ov vb jg

alvgzgf vb addbmmbfavg dwlvwzal dàcngt bz `wmac gyalwavobc bi {gzvocgcdg# “Oi

acbcg afft vb v`gtg vòcnt, Nbf ~oll aff vb òm v`g {lanwgt vàv azg ~zovvgc oc

vòt jbbe5 acf oi acbcg vaegt a~a izbm v`g ~bzft bi v`g jbbe bi vòt {zb{`gd,

Nbf tàll vaeg a~a òt {azv izbm v`g Jbbe bi Loig###” (Zgyglavobc ::810,1?/#

V`gzg otc‟v gcbwn` t{adg bz vomg vb {zbyofg a dbm{lgvg lotv bi ocdbctotvgc-

dogt# Ov zgall otc‟v vàv cgdgttaz# g all ecb~ vàv ov ot iatòbcajlg vbfa vb

dzgavg Nbf at ~g ~acv @om vb jg#^g dac bcl ta, bcg mbzg vomg, vàv v`g Nbf ~g tdwl{v ~oll dàcng cbv`-

ocn ajbwv v`g Nbf ~`b ot wcdàcngajlg# [awl ~zbvg, “ Oi ~g azg iaov`lgtt, @g

zgmaoct iaovìwl, ibz @g daccbv fgc @omtgli ” (: Vombv` :814/# Zgmgmjgz

v`g zgjweg! Nbf dgctwzgf @ot {gb{lg jgdawtg v`g v`bwn`v @g ~at loeg v`gm#

@b~ ~zbcn v`g ~gzg! Zgmgmjgz altb v`g tvavgf dawtg, “…bw àvg fotdo-

{locg, acf bw datv M ~bzft jgòcf bw#”

Hade ^# Dazvgz ot a {zgad`gz loyocn oc MdAlgtvgz, Bela`bma, WTA#



10

Nbf

V`g loig bi {gb{lg dac jg jgawvoiwl oi noygc doz-

dwmtvacdgt vàv {gzmov ov# ov` mbcg, mac vòcnt

azg {bttojlg8 igatvt, dglgjzavobct, vzo{t, {wzdàtgt, lwp-

wz bz, av lgatv, a nbbf loyocn tvacfazf# Jwv Hgtwt vgllt

wt vàv cbjbf dac jw izggfbm izbm toc ~ov` mbcg#

V`g ambwcv ot cbv om{bzvacv# Bcl D`zotv dac tgv wt

izgg izbm toc# @ot fgav` acf zgtwzzgdvobc maeg talya-vobc {bttojlg ibz all ~`b ~oll dbmg vb @om#

Toc ot gp{laocgf oc Tdzo{vwzg at v`g vzact-

nzgttobc bi Nbf‟t bzf# Fotbjgfogcdg vb~azft v`g Nbt{gl ot zgiwtocn v`g

awv`bzov bi Nbf, acf vòt avvovwfg zgtwlvt oc tg{azavobc izbm@om, acf v`g t{ozo-

vwal acf {`todal fgav` bi mac#

Toc, v`g vzactnzgttobc bi Nbf‟t la~t, jgdbmgt a ~all jgv~ggc Nbf acf

mac# Toc biigcft (octwlvt/ v`g Lbzf oc @ot {wzov acf hwtvodg# Ov ot vzwg vàv

Nbf lbygt mac dbcvamocavgf ~ov` toc, jwv @g avgt toc# Hgtwt D`zotv, ~ov` @ottadzoiodg bc v`g dzbtt, cbv bcl ibznoygt v`g toct bi jglogygzt oc @ot vzwv`, jwv

@g altb zgdbcdolgf wt ~ov` v`g @gaygcl Iav`gz#

[zgdotgl ibz vòt zgatbc, Hgtwt damg oc bzfgz vb vaeg bwz toct bc @omtgli,

bjvaococn oc vòt ~a ‖ ibz all `wmac jgocnt ‖ v`g ibznoygcgtt bi v`goz toct

(v`zbwn` @ot jlbbf/# [azfbc ot gpvgcfgf vb all ~`b addg{v @ot tadzoiodg, loyocn

oc addbzfacdg vb @ot vgadòcn#

ôv bwv v`g Lbzf Hgtwt D`zotv v`gzg ot cb ibznoygcgtt bi toct# ôv`bwv @om

v`gzg ot cb izggfbm izbm toc# ôv`bwv @ot ~bze v`gzg ot cb dbmocn jade vb v`g

@gaygcl Iav`gz, acf cgov`gz ot v`gzg a zgtwzzgdvobc acf loig gvgzcal ibz mac#

Mac {gb{lg fb cbv jglogyg oc vàv mgttang jgdawtg v`g ~bzlf, ~ov` all ovt avvzad-

vobct, jlocft {gb{lg, dlbtocn v`goz gazt tb vàv v`g ma cbv `gaz acf jg taygf#

Nbf mafg `gaygc acf gazv`, acf @g nayg loig vb all `wmac jgocnt# V`gzgibzg,

@g àt v`g zon`v vb fgiocg oc ~àv mbzal ibzm ~g àyg vb loyg jgibzg @om# V`g Lbzf

ecb~t all5 @g `gazt gygzvòcn, acf @g tggt all# Bwz loygt jgibzg Nbf azg b{gc acf

caegf5 cbvòcn gtda{gt izbm @ot ggt, ~òd` bjtgzyg bwz loygt#

@act Fgfgztd`gde ot a {zgad`gz bi v`g Nbt{gl oc Yogcca, Awtvzoa

Hgtwt, Bwz Tayobz @act Fgfgztd`gde



1?

Nbf

Nbf Mwtv Jg Ioztv

[ladg oc M LoigVom Dòlft

V`g Loyocn ^bzf bi Nbf àt mwd`

vb ta ajbwv zglavobctò{t# ^`gc ~g azg

D`zotvoact, bwz zglavobctò{ ~ov` gad`

mgmjgz bi v`g Nbf`gaf (v`g Iav`gz, v`g

Tbc acf v`g @bl T{ozov/ ot vb vaeg vb{

{zobzov# Ov ot om{gzavoyg vàv bw acf O

fza~ cgaz vb Nbf faol (Hamgt 680/, atv`gzg azg tb mac ~bzlfl ocilwgcdgt

vzocn vb dbmg jgv~ggc wt acf Nbf, vb

lwzg wt a~a izbm bwz Tayobz#

^àv ot vb jg v`g cavwzg bi bwz zglavobctò{ ~ov` Nbf2 Nbf ecb~t mac

octofg bwv# @g ecb~t all ajbwv bwz FCA acf gygz iojgz acf dgll vàv maeg

w{ bwz dbm{btovobc# @g ecb~t ~àv ot jgtv ibz wt, acf jgdawtg bi @ot fgg{

ajofocn lbyg, @g tgget vb {zbyofg nwofacdg acf tvzgcnv` ibz wt vb bygzdbmg

vgm{vavobct acf maocvaoc bwz igllb~tò{ acf t{ozovwal wcobc ~ov` @om#Hwtv at Hgtwt ~at “bcg ~ov` v`g Iav`gz”, tb ov ot `gaygc‟t bjhgdvoyg

vàv bw acf O jg “bcg ~ov` Nbf”# Nbf ~acvt bw acf mg vb jg loegmocfgf

~ov` @om, acf tb ~g azg dallgf w{bc vb nzb~ w{ t{ozovwall ocvb v`g omang

bi @ot fgaz Tbc# g azg vb nzb~ oc bwz lbyg acf aiigdvobc ibz Nbf vb twd`

a nzgav gpvgcv vàv ~g, vbb, azg ~ollocn vb mgacocniwll {za8 “Cbv m ~oll

jwv vòcg jg fbcg#”

Nbf at dzgavgf wt at tbdoal jgocnt, acf tb ~g azg ajlg vb dbmmwcodavg

acf ocvgzadv ~ov` bcg acbv`gz# @ayocn jggc noygc vòt jlgttocn, @g at altbvawn`v wt `b~ vb dbcfwdv bwztglygt ~`gc oc v`g {zgtgcdg bi bv`gzt# V`g

~bzlf tat gov`gz, “V`gzg azg cb jbwcfazogt,” bz “_bw tgv v`g jbwcfazogt, oi

bw ~acv v`gm#” g, jgocn D`zotvoact, mwtv adecb~lgfng v`g jbwcfazogt

Nbf àt tgv acf loyg ~ovòc v`gm, bz gltg iocf a tgygzgf zglavobctò{ ~ov`

Nbf at fof v`g {zbfonal (Lweg 17811ii/# Vàv zbwvg lgaft vb fgav`#

Vom Dòlft {zgad`gt ibz v`g @olldzgtv D`wzd` bi D`zotv oc Jalf~c, Mottot-to{{o, WTA#



:;

Gyofgcdgt

V~b Octgdvt@wnb MdDbzf

A voc, izaol, lacf-jbwcf mannbv, ajlg

bcl vb ~onnlg, tbmg`b~ vzactibzmt ovtgli

ocvb a teolliwl ilocn madòcg, dbm{lgvg

~ov` acvgccag, nzbtdb{gt, acf ~ocnt

(Zwv`gzibzf [lavv, “V`btg Zgmazeajlg

‐V~b-Acomal‟ Acomalt,” Zgafgzt‟t

Fongtv , Hwl, 1?>;/#

V`g {olbv oc vàv zgmazeajlg

aoztò{, ilocn iatvgz vàc v`g gg dac

ibllb~, gpgdwvgt a àli-zbll acf lacft w{tofg fb~c bc v`g dgolocn bc top lgnt#

Izbm v`gzg, ~ov`bwv v`g wtg bi a zwc~a, `g dac vaeg bii octvacvl# @gl{lgtt

tdogcvotvt dac cb mbzg gp{laoc v`g dàcng izbm lazya vb {w{a vb afwlv vàc

v`g dac gp{laoc v`g il‟t agzbcawvodal ajolov# ^`gc v`g t{gae bi ocjbzc

“jlwg{zocvt” bz bi “octvzwdvobc fava izbm v`g FCA,” bz bi “v`g FCA dbfg

tdzo{v”, v`g azg taocn v`g àyg nbcg at iaz at v`g dac, acf àyg cb act~gz ~ov`bwv wtocn v`g camg “Nbf”#

Acbv`gz gpam{lg ambcn v`bwtacft ot v`g dodafa, bivgc dallgf “v`g

tgygcvggc gaz lbdwtv”# Dodafat àyg yazobwt ddlgt, ~ov` v`g lbcngtv jgocn

tgygcvggc gazt# Almbtv gpadvl bc Ma :6 gad` tgygcvggcv` gaz, v`gtg

octgdvt dlomj bwv bi a tgygcvggc-gaz {gzobf, t{gcv tbmg 10 ocd`gt jglb~ v`g

izbtv locg, wcfgznzbwcf# ^`gc v`g gmgzng, v`g

azg tvoll gcdatgf oc a {zbvgdvoyg twjvgzzacgac

twov, zgtgmjlocn {latvod# Aivgz t`gffocn v`gvzact{azgcv twov, ~ocnt, cgygz jgibzg wtgf

jwv cb~ zgaf ibz a cg~ loig, azg fzogf oc v`g

jzggxg#

Aivgz mavocn, v`g igmalg, gqwo{{gf ~ov`

a tàz{ jlafg, dwvt wcfgz v`g jaze bi a v~on,

fg{btovt gz gnnt, acf v`gc dwvt v`g v~ont v`zgg-

ibwzv`t v`zbwn`# At a zgtwlv, v`g v~on fogt, iallt



:1

Gyofgcdgt

vb v`g nzbwcf, acf dazzogt v`g gnnt vb v`g tbol#

V`gc v`g gnnt àvd`, acf v`g lazyag fon ocvb

v`g nzbwcf#

V`g afwlvt loyg bcl ajbwv v`zgg~gget, acf cgygz tgg v`goz biit{zocn#

^àv maegt v`gm b{gzavg tb2 V`goz

fgigctg izbm jgocn gavgc j jozft ot ac

wcjgazajlg cbotg, gqwoyalgcv vb vàv bi “a

{cgwmavod àmmgz bz a twj~a vzaoc

tdzggdòcn vb a àlv oc ac wcfgznzbwcf tvavobc”#

Fz# Hamgt A# Tommbct, [zocdgvbc Wcoygztov Awfovbz Zgtgazd` Lajbzavbz,

tat v`g ocvgctg cbotg ot 0; vb 1;; fgdojglt, mgatwzgf 9; iggv a~a#

V`g cbotg famangt gazfzwmt, fzoyocn a~a jozft acf all bv`gz acomal loig#

Jwv tbmg tbwzdg nayg v`g dodafa a voc mwtdlg, ~òd` awvbmavodall dblla{tgt

òt gazfzwm hwtv jgibzg `g “tbwcft bii”# Tdogcvotvt ecb~ `b~ v`g mwtdlg

b{gzavgt, jwv v`g fb cbv ecb~ `b~ ov dbwlf àyg “gyblygf” oc bcg t{zocnvomg

vb allb~ bcg ngcgzavobc bi dodafat vb mavg acf vb {zgtgzyg v`g t{gdogt, cbz dac

v`g gp{laoc v`g ocjbzc tgygcvggc gaz almacad ~òd` v`g dodafa dazzogt ~ov`

òm wcfgznzbwcf#

@wnb MdDbzf, cb~ fgdgatgf, ~at a {zgad`gz acf ~zovgz oc v`g d`wzd` bi D`zotv#

Oi gyblwvobc ot vzwg, acf mac ot bcl ac addofgcv, ac aomlgtt ~ac-fgzgz oc vomg acf t{adg, mbyocn iwvolgl jgv~ggc {bocvt bi ollwtobcazà{{ocgtt, vzangf, adògygmgcv, {aoc###

Oi mac ot, òmtgli, v`g nzgavgtv {b~gz bygz òt gpotvgcdg acf gv, ocv`g mwlvovwfocbwt dawtgt acf giigdvt twzzbwcfocn òm, gygc `g àtalmbtv cb dbcvzbl###

Oi mac‟t `b{g ot cb mbzg vàc vb gpotv wcvol j dàcdg `g dgatgt vbgpotv ‖

Oi gyblwvobc ot vzwg, v`gc v`gzg ot cb gpotvgcdg mbzg motgzajlg vàcmac‟t jgdawtg, bi all loyocn jgocnt, `g albcg ot `b{glgtt acf motgz-ajlg, acf `g albcg àt v`g a~azgcgtt bi tgli vb ecb~ ov#

^`b ~bwlf dàm{obc twd` a fg{zgttocn jglogi2 Acf ~`b ~bwlf~acv vb dbcygzv bv`gzt vb ov, v`zbwn` twjygzvocn acf fgtvzbocn a iaov`-jatgf `b{g ibz a jgvvgz loig vb dbmg2 ‖ Jgvv Jwzvbc D`bavg



::

Gyofgcdgt

_bw Dac‟v Jg ac

Gyblwvobcotv acf Jg a D`zotvoacAcf Zbjotbc

Tbmg tvoll vz vb mattang v`g Jojlg ocvb anzggmgcv ~ov` wc{zbygc acf

wc{zbyajlg madzbgyblwvobcaz v`gbz# Twd` dbm{zbmotgt at v`g Fa-Ang

V`gbz (zgfgiococn v`g fat bi Ngcgtot 181,:/ acf v`g Na{ V`gbz (octgzvocn

jollobct bi gazt ocvb Ngcgtot 181,:/ àyg jggc act~gzgf afgqwavgl acf

zg{gavgfl (Cogttgc, Mbzzot/# Tb-dallgf “[zbnzgttoyg Dzgavobcotm” ot zgiwvgf

j Ngcgtot :81-4 acf [talm 4489,?# _gv, tbmg tvoll avvgm{v v`g om{bttojlgwcobc bi D`zotvoacov acf Faz~ocoac Gyblwvobc#

V`g dbwztg mbtv V`gotvod Gyblwvobcotvt vaeg jgnoct ~ov` ac avvgm{vgf

zglgnavobc bi Ngcgtot 1-11 vb v`g lovgzaz ngczg bi mv`blbn# Ov ot cbv otvbzodal,

v`g allgng, tocdg tcaegt fbc‟v vale (Ngcgtot 4/, acf wcoygztal ilbbft fbc‟v

à{{gc (Ngcgtot 9-?/# Cgygz mocf v av D`zotvoact jglogyg oc bv`gz zgdbzfgf

mozadlgt, loeg a fbceg valeocn (Cwmjgzt ::/ acf a Tayobz‟t zgtwzzgdvobc#

V`g dbctgqwgcdgt bi twd` ac ozzgt{bctojlg fotmottal tggm vb gtda{g v`gm#

Oc t`bzv, vb ~o{g atofg, bz gygc mgva{`bzodall ocvgz{zgv Ngcgtot 1-11, ot vbfotmacvlg all bi v`g D`zotvoac ttvgm#

V`g ttvgm bi Hwfaotm, v`g {zgdwztbz bi acf vwvbz vb~azf D`zotvoacov

(@gjzg~t 05 Nalavoact 4/, ibdwtgf òn`l bc v`g Tajjav`-zgtv v`gmg# _gv, a

Tajjav` zgtv ot jatgf tblgl bc v`g tblaz dzgavobc fat bi Ngcgtot 1 (Gpbfwt

:;80-115 @gjzg~t 686/# ôv`bwv v`g zgalov bi Ngcgtot 1, v`g gcvozg Hg~ot`

gdbcbm dblla{tgt#

Hgtwt D`zotv (“Lbzf bi v`g Tajjav`” — Maze :8:0/, v`g dwlmocavobc bi vàv

Hg~ot` ttvgm oc la~-egg{ocn, {zb{`gd acf ngcgalbn, lbtgt all dzgfojolov oi

Ngcgtot 1-11 ot cbv otvbzodal# @g vawn`v, hwtv at Ngcgtot, v av “izbm v`g jgnoccocn

bi v`g dzgavobc, Nbf mafg v`gm malg acf igmalg” (Maze 1;89/# @g iwzv`gz allwfgf

vb Cba`‟t ilbbf at oi ov ~gzg iadv (Mavv`g~ :6849-4?/# V`gotvod gyblwvobcotvt aznwg

@g ~at hwtv v`gzgj addbmmbfavocn v`g mattgt‟ ialtg, oncbzacv yog~{bocv bi

Ngcgtot‟ otvbzodov# @b~gygz, ov tggmt dbcvzafodvbz vb ta vàv“v`g Vzwv`” (Hgtwt

‖ Hb`c 1689/, ~`b damg vb “jgaz ~ovcgtt vb v`g vzwv`” (Hb`c 1084>/, {zbmotocn

vzwv`‟t zgyglavobc v`zbwn` a{btvlgt (Hb`c 19814/ acf ayaolajolov vb all mgc (Hb`c

084:/, ~bwlf gygc {attoygl allb~ ac gzzbcgbwt jglogi vb nb wcd`gdegf# Twd`



:4

Gyofgcdgt

jlavacv fot`bcgtv ~bwlf fgtvzb @ot dlaomt vb Foyocov#

Iwzv`gz, v`g òtvbzodal cavwzg bi v`g D`zotv ot vgfobwtl ygzoiogf j v`g

ngcgalbnogt {g{{gzocn Tdzo{vwzg, jgocn iwll tvavgf oc Lweg 4# Oi Ngcgtot

1-11 ot cbv otvbz, v`gc v`g ioztv v~gcv {gztbct lgafocn vb v`g Mgttoa` (Afamv`zbwn` Vgza`/ fota{{gaz# Azg ~g dallgf vb ibllb~ a zgal D`zotv ~`b fgtdgcfgf

izbm mv`blbnodal dzgavwzgt2 Vàv fgalt a jlb~ vb v`g dzgfojolov bi D`zotv acf

v`g ~zovocn bi Lweg (acf bv`gzt/#

V`g dazcang vb D`zotvoac Tdzo{vwzg fbgt cbv tvb{# ôv bwv t{gdoal Dzgavobc,

[awl ot ~zbcn oc Zbmact 18:; vb dlaom gyofgcdg ibz Nbf‟t gpotvgcdg izbm

“vòcnt vàv azg mafg”# V`g @gjzg~t ~zovgz ~bwlf jg oc gzzbz j dlaomocn

“v`g ~bzlft ~gzg izamgf j v`g ~bzf bi Nbf” (1184/# [gvgz ~bwlf ibllb~ twov

(: [gvgz 487/#

[gzà{t v`gotvod gyblwvobcotvt dbwlf lgazc izbm [gvgz‟t vazngv oc vàv

dà{vgz# Tdbiigzt fgcogf D`zotv‟t zgvwzc j a{{galocn vb wcoibzmovazoac fbdvzocg

— attwmocn vòcnt al~at ~gzg oc òtvbz v`g ~a v`g ~gzg oc v`goz ngcgzavobc

(: [gvgz 486/# Mbfgzc mac jatgt ngblbn bc v`g tamg gzzbz, ~`gv`gz oc favocn

tgfomgcvaz jwolf-w{ bz a zbde‟t zafobadvoyg fgda# “Vòt v`g,” loeg [gvgz‟t

dbcvgm{bzazogt, “~olliwll ibzngv8 vàv j v`g ~bzf bi Nbf v`g `gaygct ~gzg

bi blf, acf v`g gazv` tvacfocn bwv bi ~avgz acf oc ~avgz, j ~òd` v`g ~bzlf

vàv v`gc gpotvgf {gzot`gf, jgocn ilbbfgf ~ov` ~avgz” (: [gvgz 487-9/# Oc t`bzv,

davatvzb{òtm ot v`g jojlodall dbzzgdv tdogcvoiod {zotm# ôv`bwv v`g Jojlg‟t jgnoccocn, v`g zgtv bi ov, ~ov` ovt zglonobc, ot fgtvzbgf#

Affgcfwm8 Oi Nbf nwofgf gyblwvobc izbm modzbjg vb mac, av ~àv {bocv

~at v`g tbwl octvollgf2 Fof ac jgocn àyg a àli-tbwl2 at ac dzgavwzg

jgibzg mac twjhgdv vb toc acf talyavobc2 V`gc, vb ~àv ~oll mac gyblyg2 ôll

`g àyg a òn`gz tbwl, oc cggf bi acbv`gz zgfggmgz2

^bzet Dovgf

Mbzzot, @gcz# “V`g Na{ V`gbz — Ac Ofga ~ov` @blgt2” Ioztv {wjlot`gf Dzg-avobc 1;(1/8 47-4>, Fgdgmjgz 1?0># <`vv{8""~~~#act~gztocngcgtot#bzn"dzg-

avobc"y1;"o1"na{v`gbz#at{3#

Cogttgc, Zodàzf# “V`gotvod Gyblwvobc acf v`g Fa-Ang V`gbz,” (c#f#/ Oc-

tvovwvg ibz Dzgavobc Zgtgazd`# <`vv{8""~~~#odz#bzn"azvodlg"v`gotvod-gyblwvobc-

fa-ang-v`gbz"3#

Acfzg~ Hadetbc Zbjotbc OY ot a Nbt{gl {zgad`gz ~`b loygt oc âtòcnvbc, ^gtvYoznocoa, WTA# @g ot ac octvzwdvbz av gtv Yoznocoa Td`bbl bi [zgadòcn acf Gfovbz bi vàv td`bbl‟t hbwzcal, [wjlotòcn [gadg#



:6

Gyofgcdgt

^àv

Azg v`g

Dàcdgt2

@bwtg vb@bwtg, @gazv vb

@gazv

V`gzg azg mbzg

vàc v`zgg `wcfzgf

{zb{`gdogt izbm v`g

Blf Vgtvamgcv iwl-

iollgf oc v`g loig bi Hg-

twt bi Caxazgv`# V`g

{zb{`gdogt ~gzg mafg

dgcvwzogt jgibzg @g

~at jbzc acf dbcvaoc

tvazvlocn fgvaolt (g#n#,

v`g camg bi v`g dovbi @ot jozv`, `b~ @g

~bwlf fog/# Oc v`g

jbbe Tdogcdg T{gaet,

[gvgz Tvbcgz ~zovgt

bi v`g {zbjajolov vàv

bcl gon`v bi v`gtg

{zb{`gdogt ~gzg iwl-

iollgf addofgcvall oc v`g loig bi Hgtwt# V`g bfft `gzg azg 1 oc 1; vb v`g 1>v` {b~gz, bz 1;;,;;;,;;;,;;;,;;;,;;; vb 1# Tvbcgz ollwtvzavgt vòt om{bttojlg

cwmjgz j twnngtvocn vàv oi bcg dbygzt v`g tvavg bi Vgpat ~ov` vàv mac tolygz

fbllazt, v`g gcvozg tvavg ~bwlf jg dbygzgf oc dboct v~b iggv fgg{# Oi bw maze

bcg bi v`g dboct, mop v`g dboct v`bzbwn`l, acf v`gc jlocfiblf a mac acf vgll

òm vb {ode w{ v`g mazegf dboc bc v`g ioztv vz, vàv ~bwlf jg v`g tamg {zbjajol-

ov bi hwtv gon`v bi v`g mgttoacod {zb{`gdogt dbmocn vzwg j dbocdofgcdg# “@af

g jglogygf Mbtgt, g ~bwlf àyg jglogygf mg5 ibz `g ~zbvg bi mg#”



:7

V`g ^bzf Bi Nbf

Ocvgz{zgvocn

Egzz @blvbc

V`g jbbe bi Zgyglavobc jglbcnt vb a dlatt bi ~zovocnt dallgf a{bdal{vod

lovgzavwzg# Vòt tvlg bi ~zovocn ~at wtgf fwzocn {gztgdwvobc acf wvoloxgf

tmjblt ~òd` ~gzg zgygalocn vb v`g ocovoavgf, jwv jaiilocn vb v`g bwvtofgz# V`g

qwgtvobc ot8 ^àv fb v`g tmjblt zg{zgtgcv2 @b~ t`bwlf v`g jg ocvgz{zgvgf2

Ibwz jatod act~gzt àyg jggc noygc vb vòt qwgtvobc#

V`g {atv ([zgvgzotv/ yog~ bi Zgyglavobc ot vàv ov ~at a vzadv ~zovvgc ibz

v`g ioztv dgcvwz acf at cb {zomaz a{{lodavobc vb wt# Gpvzgmg {zgvgzotvt tgg

v`g Jbbe biZgyglavobcv`g Jbbe biZgyglavobc



:9

V`g ^bzf Bi Nbf

v`g ~`blg jbbe at jgocn iwliollgf ~ovòc v~b bz v`zgg dgcvwzogt bi ovt {zbfwdvobc#

Mbfgzavg {zgvgzotvt zglavg v`g jwle bi v`g jbbe vb v`g tvzwnnlg jgv~ggc v`g gazl

d`wzd` acf v`g Zbmac Gm{ozg, ~òlg tggocn dà{vgzt :;-:: at lbbeocn vb v`g gcf

bi v`g D`zotvoac gza# Vòt ot v`g mbtv tgctojlg ~a vb ocvgz{zgv v`g jbbe#V`g iwvwzg (Iwvwzotv/ yog~ blft vàv Zgyglavobc ot a dàzv bi v`g gcf bi

vomg# Afybdavgt bi vòt yog~ jglogyg vàv v`g {zgtgcv “d`wzd` ang” ot dbygzgf

oc dà{vgzt 1-4, ~òlg dà{vgzt 6-1? ~oll jg iwliollgf fwzocn a tgygc-gaz

{gzobf bi Za{vwzg acf Vzojwlavobc# V`g {zofg v`gmtglygt bc noyocn v`g jbbe

a lovgzal ocvgz{zgvavobc# Vòt yog~ zgcfgzt mbtv bi Zgyglavobc mgacocnlgtt vb

ovt bzonocal zgafgzt tocdg ov dbm{lgvgl tg{azavgt v`g jbbe izbm v`g ioztv dgcvwz

d`wzd` vb ~`bm ov ~at affzgttgf#

V`g bwvlocg bi otvbz (Dbcvocwbwt-@otvbzodal/ yog~ tggt Zgyglavobc at

a twmmaz bi d`wzd` otvbz izbm v`g ioztv dgcvwz vb v`g gcf bi v`g ~bzlf#

Twd` ocvgz{zgvgzt iocf v`g {b{gt, Mbàmmgf, @ovlgz, acf bv`gz cbvajlg ionwzgt

oc ov {angt# Vòt a{{zbad`, loeg v`g iwvwzotv, maegt Zgyglavobc {zadvodall

mgacocnlgtt vb v`g bzonocal zgafgzt# Vbb, ov al~at {ladgt v`g ngcgzavobc bi v`g

ocvgz{zgvgz oc v`g latv ang {zobz vb v`g Lbzf‟t zgvwzc#

V`g Tmjblod yog~ tggt nzgav {zocdo{lgt bi dbcilodv jgv~ggc nbbf acf gyol

oc v`g jbbe, ~ov D`zotv‟t dawtg gchbocn v`g wlvomavg yodvbz# Vòt v`gbz fbgt

cbv a{{l v`g mgttang bi v`g jbbe vb ac t{gdoiod òtvbzodal ang, jwv zav`gz tggt v`g

tmjblt at tom{l a tgzogt bi yotobcaz fgtdzo{vobct bi Nbf‟t vzowm{` bygz gyol#Loegl, v`g eg vb wcfgztvacfocn vòt foiiodwlv jbbe ot vb jg ibwcf oc

dbmjococn glgmgcvt bi tgygzal v`gbzogt bi ocvgz{zgvavobc, at Izace [ade

dbcdlwfgf oc òt Loyocn ^bzf dbmmgcvaz bc Zgyglavobc#

V`g {zgvgzotv a{{zbad` at yalwg# Twzgl, v`g {zomaz mgttang bi v`g

jbbe ~at ibz v`g tgygc d`wzd`gt bi Atoa ~`b bzonocall zgdgoygf ov

izbm Hb`c v`g A{btvlg (Zgyglavobc 186/# Bc v`g bv`gz àcf, dà{vgzt

:;-:: tggm vb fgtdzojg gygcvt gv vb bddwz, v`g fical hwfnmgcv acf v`g

d`wzd` oc `gaygc# Oc affovobc, v gzg azg gvgzcal vzwv`t oc Zgyglavobc~òd` azg zglgyacv oc yazobwt angt bi v`g d`wzd`‟t tvzwnnlg ~ov` gyol#

Gygz ang cggft vb gaz vàv Nbf zgonct acf vàv @ot dawtg ~oll vzowm{`#

Jgdawtg Zgyglavobc ot iwll bi dblbziwl tmjblt, tbmg vglgyacnglotvt acf

mbfgzc-fa “{zb{`gvt” azg àyocn a `gfa ~ov` ov! g t`bwlf cbv t~allb~

mac, oi ac, bi v`goz dbcdlwtobct# Jwv, cgov`gz t`bwlf ~g oncbzg Zgyglavobc

acf noyg w{ bc wcfgztvacfocn vòt oct{ozocn jbbe!

Egzz @blvbc vawn`v Jojlg ibz tgygzal gazt av _bze Dbllgng, jwv ot cb~ ~bzeocn ibz

v`g Lbzf oc Dòdanb, Ollocbot, WTA#



:>

V`g ^bzf Bi Nbf

V`g [ladg bi

V`g Blf Vgtvamgcv Homm Hoyofgc

O zgdgoygf a lgvvgz izbm a ~bmac ~`b taof t`g àf `gazf v`g d`wzd` bi

D`zotv fof cbv jglogyg v`g Blf Vgtvamgcv# “Ov vòt vzwg2” t`g ~acvgf vb ecb~# M

zgt{bctg ~oll jg ~àv v`g Cg~ Vgtvamgcv ovtgli tat ajbwv v`g Blf Vgtvamgcv#

Ov ot gyofgcv vàv v`g Blf Vgtvamgcv ~at v`g Jojlg bi v g gazl d`wzd`# Ov~at v`g Tdzo{vwzgt vàv Vombv` ecg~ izbm òt bwv` (1 Vombv` 4817/# V`g

Tdzo{vwzgt Hgtwt qwbvgf oc @ot {gztbcal mocotvz ~gzg izbm v`g Blf Vgtvamgcv#

V`g Cg~ Vgtvamgcv ot iwll bi Blf Vgtvamgcv qwbvavobct# Ov ~at ajbwv v`g Blf

Vgtvamgcv vàv [gvgz taof “mgc mbygf j v`g @bl T{ozov t{beg izbm Nbf” (1

[gvgz 18:1/#

V`g Blf Vgtvamgcv Tdzo{vwzgt azg oct{ozgf j Nbf, {zbiovajlg ibz tvwf,

acf vzwg oc gygz ~a# V`g Cg~ Vgtvamgcv tat v`g azg8

^zovvgc ibz bwz octvzwdvobc (Zbmact 1786/ Vb jg wtgf at gpam{lgt ibz D`zotvoact (1 Dbzocvòact 1;811/

Vàv ~òd` lgaft bcg vb D`zotv (Nalavoact 48:6/

Iwliollgf oc D`zotv (Mavv`g~ 781>,10/

Dòlfzgc‟t Jojlg dlattgt gm{àtoxg Blf Vgtvamgcv dàzadvgzt# Bcg mwtv

ecb~ v`g Blf Vgtvamgcv oc bzfgz vb wcfgztvacf v`g lacnwang bi v`g Cg~

Vgtvamgcv awv`bzt ~`b qwbvg izbm ov#

V`g Blf Vgtvamgcv, `b~gygz, t`bwlf cbv jg dbctofgzgf v`g tvacfazf ibz

v`g ~bztò{ acf ~bze bi v`g d`wzd`, ac mbzg vàc v`g g{otvlgt bi [awl t`bwlf

jg zgnazfgf at a tvacfazf ibz v`g ~bze acf ~bztò{ bi Otzagl oc v`g ~olfgzcgtt#

D`zotvoact fb cbv jwolf alvazt, biigz acomal tadzoiodgt, bz àyg a {zogtv`bbf

loeg Otzagl fof oc v`g Blf Vgtvamgcv# V`g Blf Vgtvamgcv t`bwlf jg wcfgztvbbf

~ovòc v`g dbcvgpv bi Nbf‟t fgalocn ~ov` @ot {gb{lg jgibzg v`g dbmocn bi Hgtwt

D`zotv# V`g avvgm{v vb jzocn v`g zovwalt acf la~t bi vàv ang ocvb v`g d`wzd` azg

cbv v`g {zbfwdv bi Blf Vgtvamgcv tvwf# Ov dbmgt zav`gz izbm a lade bi tvwf bi

jbv` Vgtvamgcvt#

Homm Hoyofgc ot a ~zovgz acf {zgad`gz oc Ajolgcg, Vgpat, WTA#



:0

V`g ^bzf Bi Nbf

Taignwazft oc Tdzo{vwzgJgvv Jwzvbc D`bavg

@b~ ~otg Nbf ot, acf `b~ jgawvoiwll @ot ~otfbm ot fgmbctvzavgf oc v`g

Jojlg! _bw ate, “@b~ tb2” Lgv mg gp{lbzg ~ov` bw tbmg bi v`g gyofgcdgt

bi @ot ~otfbm8

Ioztv, v`g mgv`bf @g d`btg vb {zgtgzyg @ot zgyglavobct, fozgdvoygt,

~azcocnt, acf {zbmotgt àt {zbygc vb jg v`g jgtv {bttojlg ~a# ^àv ot

vàv mgv`bf2 Ov ot a ~zovvgc fbdwmgcv, dbcfizmgf ocovoall j mozadwlbwt tonct

{gzibzmgf oc v`g {zgtgcdg bi ~ovcgttgt#

^` ot v`g “~zovvgc ~bzf” {zgigzajlg vb bcnbocn ygzjal mgttangt2

Jgdawtg v`g Jojlg ot a dbm{lgvgf zgyglavobc, dlbtocn ~ov` v`g ~azcocn

vàv cbvòcn ot vb jg affgf vb ov bz vaegc a~a# Cb affovobcal zgyglavobct

~bwlf jg noygc j Nbf5 @ot ^bzf ot dbm{lgvg8 “All Tdzo{vwzg ot noygc j

oct{ozavobc bi Nbf, acf ot {zb fivajlg ibz fbdvzocg, ibz zg{zbbi, ibz dbzzgd-

vobc, ibz octvzwdvobc oc zon`vgbwtcgtt, vàv v`g mac bi Nbf ma jg dbm-

{lgvg, v`bzbwn`l gqwo{{gf ibz gygz nbbf ~bze” (: Vombv` 4819,1>/#

Vbfa, v`gzg azg {tgwfb zglonobwt lgafgzt ~`b dlaom vàv Nbf àt

t{begc fozgdvl vb v`gm, noyocn v`gm a cg~ mgttang# Oi, v`zbwn` v`g dgc-

vwzogt, Nbf‟t bcnbocn mgv`bf bi dbmmwcodavobc ~ov` wmacov af jggc

fozgdv acf ocfoyofwal zgyglavobc, ~g ~bwlf jg av v`g mgzd bi gygzbcg

maeocn dlaomt bi oct{ozavobc (G{`gtoact 6811-17/# ôv matt dbmmw-

codavobc jgocn ~àv ov ot vbfa, ov ~bwlf jg yozvwall om{bttojlg ibz wt vb

fotvocnwot` a vzwg “{zb{`gv” izbm a ialtg bcg# Hgtwt ~azcgf oc Mavv`g~

:68:6 vàv ialtg vgad`gzt ~bwlf azotg oc @ot camg# Gygc oc v`g Blf Vgtva-

mgcv, Nbf ~azcgf, “V`g {zb{`gvt {zb{`gt ialtgl, Acf v`g {zogtvt zwlg

j v`goz b~c {b~gz5 Acf M {gb{lg lbyg vb ayg ov tb###” (Hgzgmoa` 7841/#

J àyocn v`g dbcfizmgf ~zovvgc mgttang, v`g Jojlg, ~g azg {zb-

vgdvgf izbm iallocn {zg vb vòt eocf bi fgdgov# g ecb~ cbv bcl v`g

fgvaolt jwv altb v`g dbm{lgvgcgtt bi v`g Lbzf‟t ~oll ibz `wmacov vbfa#

Tgdbcf, ~g tgg Nbf‟t ~otfbm oc v`g wcoqwg azzacngmgcv bi v`g

twjhgdv mavvgz# Tbmgvomgt v`g tvavgmgcv ot mafg, “O ~ot` Nbf àf hwtv ~zov-

vgc bwv @ot zwlgt at 1,:,4,6###”

Jwv oi @g af fbcg vàv, ov ~bwlf jg a ygz tom{lg vòcn ibz v`g tocnlg

zgdbzfocn bi a vzwv` vb jg lbtv bz motvzactlavgf, acf vàv yoval {azv bi v`g



4;

V`g ^bzf Bi Nbf

Jwv ygztg 4 nbgt bc vb gp{laoc vàv oi vzwl ~g lbyg Nbf acf azg jbzc

bi @om, ~g egg{ @ot dbmmacfmgcvt# “J vòt ~g ecb~ vàv ~g lbyg

v`g dòlfzgc bi Nbf, ~`gc ~g lbyg Nbf acf egg{ @ot dbmmacfmgcvt#*

V`gzg azg v`btg ~`b ta vàv ~g azg ibzjoffgc vb hwfng ac-bcg# V`g jatg v`goz dbcdlwtobc ‖ acf v`goz tòglf izbm ac hwfnmgcv

‖ bc Mavv`g~ >818 “Hwfng cbv, vàv bw jg cbv hwfngf#”

@b~gygz, vòt ot cbv advwall a dbcfgmcavobc bi hwfnmgcv jwv bi `-

{bdzot! Ygztgt 6 acf 7 dlazoi8 “…`b~ dac bw ta vb bwz jzbv`gz, ‐Lgv

mg zgmbyg v`g t{gde izbm bwz gg‟5 acf lbbe, a {lace ot oc bwz b~c

gg2 @{bdzovg! Ioztv zgmbyg v`g {lace izbm bwz b~c gg, acf v`gc bw

~oll tgg dlgazl vb zgmbyg v`g t{gde izbm bwz jzbv`gz‟t gg#” Zon`vgbwt

hwfnmgcv, jatgf bc Tdzo{vwzg, ot v`g bcl `b{g ibz ac gzzocn jzbv`gz, bz

ibz ac toccgz# Jwv cb {bdzovg ot oc {btovobc vb gl{ acbcg, tb vòt {at-

tang ot tom{l taocn vàv ~g mwtv àyg bwz b~c loygt tvzaon`v ~ov` Nbf

jgibzg ~g dac {zgtwmg vb vz vb `gl{ v`g gzzocn#

Tbmg vgad` vàv all jajogt azg toccgzt av jozv`, jatocn vòt

fbdvzocg bc ac gzzbcgbwt wcfgztvacfocn bi [talm 71878 “O ~at jzbwn`v

ibzv` oc ocoqwov, Acf oc toc m mbv`gz dbcdgoygf mg#” A dazglgtt zgafocn

bi v`g ygztg vàv mgcvobct jbv` toc acf jozv` àt zgtwlvgf oc vòt ialtg jg-

logi# Fof Fayof ta, “O ~at jbzc ~ov` toc”2 Fof `g ta, “ O ~at a toccgz av

dbcdg{vobc”2 Cb, g taof vàv òt mbv`gz U{azgcvt] ~at a toccgz, acf vàv`g ~at jbzc ocvb a ~bzlf bi ocoqwov# Bi dbwztg, v`gtg azg vzwg tvavgmgcvt#

All ~`b ayg zgad`gf v`g ang bi addbwcvajolov azg toccgzt, acf v`g ~bzlf

ot a tociwl {ladg, jwv vòt ygztg ot cbv taocn vàv a jaj ot jbzc ~ov` v`g

nwolv bi òt {azgcvt‟ toct bz bi v`g ~bzlf‟t toct (Gxgeogl 1081?,:;/#

Mbtv fgcbmocavobcal {gb{lg jglogyg vàv D`zotv ~oll zgvwzc

vb v`g gazv` acf zgonc ibz 1,;;; gazt# V`g jatg vòt vgadòcn bc v`goz

ocvgz{zgvavobc bi Zgyglavobc :;8:, ~òd` tat vàv ac acngl “…laof `blf

bi v`g fzanbc, vàv tgz{gcv bi blf, ~`b ot v`g Fgyol acf Tavac, acf jbwcf òm ibz a v`bwtacf gazt#” Jwv, zgafocn iwzv`gz oc v`g {attang, ~g lgazc

vàv ov ot fwzocn vàv vomg vàv “v`g tbwlt bi v`btg ~`b àf jggc jg`gafgf

ibz v`goz ~ovcgtt vb Hgtwt … loygf acf zgoncgf ~ov` D`zotv ibz a v`bwtacf

gazt#” V`g tdgcg ot a `gaygcl bcg, cbv bc v`g gazv`, acf ot vaeocn {ladg

cb~, at D`zotv zgonct at Eocn bi eocnt acf Lbzf bi lbzft (Zgyglavobc 187,9/#

Lgv wt àcflg Nbf‟t ^bzf dazgiwll, {zaocn vb wcfgztvacf Vzwv`#

Jgvv Jwzvbc D`bavg ot v`g ~ofb~ bi H#D# D`bavg, mottobcaz vb Atoa acf ibwcfgz acf

{wjlot`gz bi V`g Ybodg bi Vzwv` Ocvgzcavobcal # Jgvv loygt oc ôcbca, MT, WTA,



41

V`g ^bzf Bi Nbf

Gg bi a CggflgHb`c Allac

Oc Lweg 108:7 Hgtwt taof “Ibz ov ot gatogz ibz a damgl vb nb v`zbwn`

v`g gg bi a cggflg vàc ibz a zod` mac

vb gcvgz v`g eocnfbm bi Nbf#” Jgdawtg

v`g ofga bi a damgl iovvocn v`zbwn` v`g gg bi

a lovgzal cggflg ot foiiodwlv vb omanocg, mac

{gb{lg ocvgz{zgv v`g gp{zgttobc ionwzavoygl# O iozml

jglogyg vàv a ionwzavoyg ocvgz{zgvavobc ot ~gll-ocvgcvobcgf

jwv ocdbzzgdv# [lgatg dbctofgz v`g ibllb~ocn {bocvt8

Ioztv, a iwcfamgcval zwlg bi ocvgz{zgvavobc ot vàvTdzo{vwzg ot vb jg vaegc lovgzall wclgtt tbmgvòcn fgmacft

ov jg vaegc ionwzavoygl# A dlbtg lbbe av v`g ygztg acf v`g

ommgfoavg dbcvgpv iaybzt a lovgzal ocvgz{zgvavobc5 ov dgzvaocl

fbgt cbv fgmacf a ionwzavoyg bcg#

Tgdbcf, ~g t`bwlf zgmgmjgz v`g {bocv Hgtwt ot avvgm{vocn vb maeg j wtocn

vòt ~bzf {odvwzg# V`g zod` bwcn zwlgz (at nbbf at `g ~at/ àf hwtv vwzcgf fb~c

v`g b{{bzvwcov vb ibllb~ Hgtwt D`zotv jgdawtg `g ~at wc~ollocn vb noyg w{ òt

zod`gt# Hgtwt wtgf vòt ~bzf {odvwzg vb ollwtvzavg v`g yatv foiiodwlv bi a zod` mac

gcvgzocn v`g eocnfbm bi Nbf# A lovgzal ocvgz{zgvavobc ot dgzvaocl twovajlg ibz vòt

ollwtvzavobc#

Cgpv, v`g zgadvobc bi v`btg ~`b `gazf Hgtwt‟ ollwtvzavobc ot ygz om{bzvacv#

“Acf v`btg ~`b gazf ov taof, ‐^`b v`gc dac jg taygf2‟” V`g awfogcdg wcfgztvbbf

Hgtwt‟ ~bzft vb zg{zgtgcv a {`todal om{bttojolov# Vòt àzmbcoxgt {gzigdvl ~ov`

Hgtwt‟ act~gz vb v`g qwgtvobc oc Lweg 108:># “Jwv @g taof, ‐V`g vòcnt ~òd` azg

om{bttojlg ~ov` mgc azg {bttojlg ~ov` Nbf#‟”

^òd` ocvgz{zgvavobc mbtv giigdvoygl ollwtvzavgt v`g om{bttojolov bi a zod`

mac jgocn taygf ~ov`bwv Nbf8 1/ A ionwzavoyg ocvgz{zgvavobc fgtdzojocn tbmgvòcn

vàv ot foiiodwlv, jwv adògyajlg2 bz :/ A lovgzal ocvgz{zgvavobc fgtdzojocn tbmgvòcn

{`todall om{bttojlg ibz mac (bz jgatv/ vb adògyg2 A lovgzal ocvgz{zgvavobc otwcfbwjvgfl mbzg giigdvoyg#

Oi a lovgzal ocvgz{zgvavobc fgcogf v`g {bttojolov bi a zod` mac jgocn taygf, v`gc

a ionwzavoyg ocvgz{zgvavobc ~bwlf jg cgdgttaz# @b~gygz, Hgtwt fof cbv vgad` vàv a

zod` mac daccbv jg taygf5 @g vawn`v vàv a zod` mac daccbv jg taygf ~ov`bwv Nbf#

O ecb~ bi cb Jojlg jglogygz ~`b ~bwlf aznwg ~ov` Hgtwt bc vàv {bocv#

Cb mac dac tqwggxg a damgl v zbwn` v`g gg bi a cggflg# Iwzv`gzmbzg, cb

mac (zod` bz cbv/ dac jg taygf ~ov`bwv Nbf#



4:

Zbmact ?84;-1;814

Hgzz Javgt1# ^` fof v`g Ngcvolgt avvaoc zon`vgbwtcgtt2 (yt# 4;-4:/

:# ^` fof v`g Hg~t cbv avvaoc zon`vgbwtcgtt2 (yt# 4;-4:/

4# ^`b bz ~àv ~at v`g tvwmjlocn tvbcg vàv v`g Hg~t tvwmjlgf bygz2(yt# 4:-44/

6# ^àv {zb{`gv fbgt [awl qwbvg vb {zbyg vòt {bocv2 (y# 44/

7# ^` ~at Otzagl‟t xgal ibz Nbf ~bzv` cbvòcn2 (y# :/

9# ^`btg tvacfazf bi zon`vgbwtcgtt ~at v`g Hg~t ibllb~ocn2 (y# 4/

># ^àv fbgt v`g iadv vàv Otzagl ~at lbtv fgt{ovg `gz xgal vgll wt ajbwvv`g jglogi vàv at lbcn at bcg ot tocdgzg `g ~oll jg taygf2

0# “Ibz RRRRRRRRRRR ot v`g gcf bi v`g la~ ibz RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR vbgygzbcg ~`b jglogygt# (y# 6/

?# @b~ ot v`g ajbyg tvavgmgcv vzwg2

1;# @b~ dbwlf bcg v`gbzgvodall adògyg zon`vgbwtcgtt j v`g la~2 (y# 7/

11# @b~ iaz a~a ~at Nbf‟t bzf izbm v`g {gb{lg2 (y# 0/

1:# ^àv zgt{bctg fbgt Nbf fgmacf izbm @ot {gb{lg2 (y# ?/

14# ^àv fb ~g jglogyg acf dbcigtt2 (y# ?/

16# ^` fbgt vòt ygztg cbv vgad` a iaov` bcl fbdvzocg bi talyavobc2 (y# 1;/

17# Ot v`gzg a foiigzgcdg oc v`g ~a a Hg~ acf Ngcvolg dac jg taygf2 (y# 1:/

19# ^àv fbgt ov mgac vb “dall w{bc v`g camg bi v`g Lbzf”2 (y# 14/

(tgg v`g jade dbygz ibz act~gz/



44

4; ^àv tàll ~g ta v`gc2 Vàv Ngcvolgt, ~`b fof cbv {wztwg

zon`vgbwtcgtt, àyg avvaocgf vb zon`vgbwtcgtt, gygc v`g zon`vgbwtcgtt bi

iaov`5 41 jwv Otzagl, {wztwocn v`g la~ bi zon`vgbwtcgtt, àt cbv avvaocgf vb

v`g la~ bi zon`vgbwtcgtt# 4: ^`2 Jgdawtg v`g fof cbv tgge ov j iaov`,

jwv at ov ~gzg, j v`g ~bzet bi v`g la~# Ibz v`g tvwmjlgf av vàv tvwmjlocn

tvbcg# 44 At ov ot ~zovvgc8 “Jg`blf, O la oc Xobc a tvwmjlocn tvbcg acf zbde bi biigctg, acf ~`bgygz jglogygt bc @om ~oll cbv jg {wv vb tàmg#”

1;81 Jzgv`zgc, m `gazv‟t fgtozg acf {zagz vb Nbf ibz Otzagl ot vàv

v`g ma jg taygf# : Ibz O jgaz v`gm ~ovcgtt vàv v`g àyg a xgal ibz

Nbf, jwv cbv addbzfocn vb ecb~lgfng# 4 Ibz v`g jgocn oncbzacv bi Nbf‟t

zon`vgbwtcgtt, acf tggeocn vb gtvajlot` v`goz b~c zon`vgbwtcgtt, àyg cbv

twjmovvgf vb v`g zon`vgbwtcgtt bi Nbf# 6 Ibz D`zotv ot v`g gcf bi v`g la~

ibz zon`vgbwtcgtt vb gygzbcg ~`b jglogygt#

7 Ibz Mbtgt ~zovgt ajbwv v`g zon`vgbwtcgtt ~òd` ot bi v`g la~, “V`gmac ~`b fbgt v`btg vòcnt tàll loyg j v`gm#” 9 Jwv v`g zon`vgbwtcgtt

bi iaov` t{gaet oc vòt ~a, “Fb cbv ta oc bwz `gazv, ^`b ~oll atdgcf

ocvb `gaygc2” (vàv ot, vb jzocn D`zotv fb~c izbm ajbyg/ > bz, “^`b ~oll

fgtdgcf ocvb v`g ajtt2” (vàv ot vb jzocn D`zotv w{ izbm v`g fgaf/# 0 Jwv

~àv fbgt ov ta2 “V`g ~bzf ot cgaz bw, oc bwz mbwv` acf oc bwz `gazv”

(vàv ot, v`g ~bzf bi iaov` ~òd` ~g {zgad`/8 ? vàv oi bw dbcigtt ~ov`

bwz mbwv` v`g Lbzf Hgtwt acf jglogyg oc bwz `gazv vàv Nbf àt zaotgf

@om ibz v`g fgaf, bw ~oll jg taygf# 1; ibz ~ov` v`g `gazv bcg jglogygt

wcvb zon`vgbwtcgtt, acf ~ov` v`g mbwv` dbcigttobc ot mafg wcvb talyavobc#

11 Ibz v`g Tdzo{vwzgt tat, “^`bgygz jglogygt bc @om ~oll cbv jg {wv vb

tàmg# 1: Ibz v`gzg ot cb fotvocdvobc jgv~ggc Hg~ acf Nzgge, ibz v`g tamg

Lbzf bygz all ot zod` vb all ~`b dall w{bc @om# 14 Ibz ~`bgygz dallt bc v`g

camg bi v`g Lbzf tàll jg taygf#”

Cbvg8 Oc vòt tgdvobc [awl ot dbcvzatvocn ~` v`g Ngcvolgt bjvaocgf

zon`vgbwtcgtt ~òlg v`g Hg~t fof cbv# V`g zgatbc ot iaov`# Talyavobc

ot ayaolajlg vb gygzbcg ~`b ot ~ollocn vb jglogyg oc Hgtwt acf {wjlodl dbcigtt vàv iaov`# Talyavobc daccbv jg bjvaocgf bc v`g

jatot bi bjgfogcdg vb a tgv bi la~t# Oc ngcgzal, v`g Hg~t ~gzg vzocn

vb jg taygf j egg{ocn v`g La~ bi Mbtgt# Oc t{ovg bi v goz nzgav

xgal, v`g ~gzg nbocn vb jg lbtv jgdawtg v`g fof cbv addg{v D`zotv#

Vòt ot a nzgav lgttbc ibz wt vbfa# Mac azg loeg~otg vzocn vb jg

taygf j egg{ocn yazobwt jglogit ~ov` hwtvoiodavobc jatgf bc v`goz

b~c nbbfcgtt#



46

^`b Ot Dbygzgf j v`g Nzadg bi Nbf2H#D# D`bavg

V`g ~bzf “nzadg” mgact wcmgzovgf iaybz, nbbfcgtt gpvgcfgf j Nbf vàv

mgc àyg cbv gazcgf acf fb cbv fgtgzyg# Oc bv`gz ~bzft, v g Lbzf taygt wt

~`gc ~g dbwlf cbv tayg bwztglygt#

V`g a{btvlg [awl ~zbvg, j v`g oct{ozavobc bi v`g @bl T{ozov, “Ibz j

nzadg azg g taygf, v`zbwn` iaov`5 acf vàv cbv bi bwztglygt5 ov ot v`g noiv bi

Nbf8 Cbv bi ~bzet, lgtv ac mac t`bwlf jbatv” (G{`gtoact :80,?/# V`gtg

~bzft azg taocn vàv mac daccbv tayg omtgli5 cgov`gz dac g fb gcbwn` nbbf

~bzet vb gazc bz {a ibz òt talyavobc# Oi `g dbwlf, `g dbwlf v`gc jbatv bi àyocn taygf òmtgli, fotdlaomocn v`g cggf ibz Nbf# Octvgaf, [awl fgdlazgf

vàv talyavobc ot v`g noiv bi Nbf# Ov ot tbmgvòcn vàv bcl Nbf àt v`g {b~gz

vb noyg# Ov ot j @ot nzadg vàv ~g azg taygf!

_gv, v`bwn` mac ot taygf j nzadg, `g ot cbv taygf j nzadg albcg! Oi

talyavobc ~gzg j nzadg albcg v`gc all {gb{lg ~bwlf jg taygf, ibz Nbf lbygt

all tbwlt, acf D`zotv fogf ibz all# @b~gygz, [awl ~zbvg, “Cbv j ~bzet bi

zon`vgbwtcgtt ~òd` ~g àyg fbcg, jwv addbzfocn vb òt mgzd `g taygf wt,

j v`g ~atòcn bi zgngcgzavobc, acf zgcg~ocn bi v`g @bl N`btv” (Vovwt 487/#J dbm{azocn v`g tvavgmgcvt oc G{`gtoact acf Vovwt, ~g dac tgg vàv Nbf‟t

^bzf ot taocn vàv bcg daccbv jg taygf j òt b~c nbbf ~bzet, bz gygc j fbocn

v`g ~bzet bi v`g La~ bi Mbtgt, jgdawtg talyavobc dbmgt j v`g nzadg bi Nbf# _gv,

talyavobc ot dbcfovobcal! V`g {attang oc Vovwt t{gaet bi talyavobc jgocn “j v`g

~atòcn bi zgngcgzavobc”, ~òd` àt zgigzgcdg vb bwz t{ozovwal ~atòcn oc ja{votm5

acf “zgcg~ocn bi v`g @bl N`btv”, ~òd` àt zgigzgcdg vb v`g noiv bi v`g @bl

T{ozov ‖ zgcg~gf t{ozovwal loig ‖ {zbmotgf at v`g zgtwlv bi ja{votm, at tvavgf oc

Advt :840# Aivgz [gvgz acf v`g a{btvlgt àf {zgad`gf vb a lazng nzbw{ bi {gb{lgoc Hgzwtalgm, dbcyocdocn v`gm vàv Hgtwt ~at v`g Tbc bi Nbf, v`g lotvgcgzt ~gzg

dwv vb v`g `gazv acf dzogf bwv, ateocn ~àv v`g t`bwlf fb# “V`gc [gvgz taof wcvb

v`gm, Zg{gcv, acf jg ja{voxgf gygz bcg bi bw oc v`g camg bi Hgtwt D`zotv ibz v`g

zgmottobc bi toct, acf g tàll zgdgoyg v`g noiv bi v`g @bl N`btv#”

V`gtg {attangt mgac vàv talyavobc ot jatgf bc a {gztbc‟t ~ollocncgtt vb

bjg v`g Lbzf‟t vgadòcn# ^`gc bcg fbgt all `g dac vb dbm{l ~ov` ~àv ot

~zovvgc oc v`g Tdzo{vwzgt, Nbf vaegt ov izbm v`gzg acf taygt òm v`zbwn` v`g

gpvgctobc bi @ot nzadg acf mgzd vb v`g {gcovgcv acf bjgfogcv jglogygz#

Talyavobc



47

Talyavobc

Tb ~àv ot v`g {odvwzg2 Vàv talyavobc dbmgt j v`g bwv{bwzocn bi v`g

nzadg bi Nbf vb v`g {gcovgcv, bjgfogcv jglogygz#

Jwv ~àv ajbwv v g {gztbc ~`b ot cbv ~ollocn vb bjg Nbf2 Fbgt nzadg

dbygz òm acf tayg òm oc òt toct2 Cb# Gygc Nbf ot jbwcf j ~àv @g àt~zovvgc, acf daccbv nb dbcvzaz vb @ot bzf# Vàv bzf tat vàv Nbf‟t {azv

oc talyavobc ot nzadg, jwv mac‟t {azv ot iaov`, iaov` vàv mbygt om vb bjgfogcdg#

ôv`bwv vòt dbmjocavobc ~bzeocn vbngv`gz, v`gzg dac jg cb gpvgctobc bi nzadg#

g tgg j v`gtg Tdzo{vwzgt vàv Nbf‟t nzadg fbgt cbv acf daccbv dbygz gygzbcg#

Ov ~at {zbmotgf bcl vb v`btg ~`b jglogyg acf lbyg @om gcbwn` vb bjg @om# V`wt

@g taygt v`gm acf afft v`gm vb @ot iamol, v`g d`wzd` bi @ot Tbc, Hgtwt D`zotv#

^`gc a {gztbc àt jggc taygf izbm òt {atv toct, `g mwtv zgmaoc a

iaovìwl {azv bi v`g Lbzf‟t iamol ibz v`g zgmaocfgz bi òt loig oi `g ot vb jg

taygf gvgzcall# Cgygz ot talyavobc {zbmotgf zgnazflgtt bi bcg‟t jgàyobz acf

maccgz bi loig5 zav`gz, at ot tvavgf oc Zgyglavobc :81;, bcg mwtv jg iaovìwl wcvb

fgav` oi `g ot vb zgdgoyg a dzb~c bi loig#

Vòt fbgt cbv mgac vàv bcg‟t iaovìwlcgtt àt taygf òm, bz vàv j

òt iaovìwlcgtt `g àt fbcg gcbwn` nbbf ~bzet vb mgzov talyavobc# Zav`gz,

ov tom{l mgact vàv j òt iaovìwlcgtt `g dbcvocwall qwaloiogf òmtgli vb

zgdgoyg v`g nzadg jgocn {bwzgf izbm v`g àcft bi òt Iav`gz#

V`gzg azg v`btg (acf tbmg, gygc oc v`g Lbzf‟t d`wzd` ~`b àyg jgdbmg

oncbzacv bi ~àv v`g Tdzo{vwzgt vgad` dbcdgzcocn iaov` acf nzadg/ ~`b vòce vàv all tocdgzg zglonobwt {gb{lg ‖ ocdlwfocn v`btg ~`b azg cbv a {azv bi v`g

d`wzd` bz jbf bi D`zotv ‖ ~oll jg taygf j v`g nzadg bi Nbf# V`goz lbnod ot

vàv tocdg gygc D`zotvoact azg cbv {gzigdv acf mwtv fg{gcf bc Nbf‟t nzadg vb

jg taygf, v`gc v`btg bi bv`gz zglonobct ~`b azg om{gzigdv oc bv`gz fbdvzocgt acf

{zadvodgt dac altb jg taygf j Nbf‟t nzadg#

Ibllb~gzt bi twd` lbnod bygzlbbe bcg all-om{bzvacv vòcn8 v`btg {gb{lg

àyg cbv dbm{logf ~ov` Nbf‟t ~oll vb jg taygf ocovoall, vb jg jbzc anaoc

v`zbwn` zg{gcvacdg acf ja{votm, vb jg a {azv bi v`g d`wzd` vàv ot Nbf‟t bcgacf bcl iamol# Hwtv at ot v`g datg ~ov` bwz `wmac iamologt, v`btg ~`b azg

cbv bwz dòlfzgc fb cbv àyg v`g {zoyolgngt bi v`btg jbzc ocvb bwz iamol, tb

altb oc v`g t{ozovwal ~bzlf, v`btg ~`b ayg cbv jggc jbzc ocvb Nbf‟t iamol azg

cbv wcfgz Nbf‟t nzadg at @ot dòlfzgc# Jgocn octofg bz bwvtofg bi v`g iamol

maegt all v`g foiigzgcdg!

Azg bw a D`zotvoac, a mgmjgz bi D`zotv‟t d`wzd`2 Oi cbv, ~g {lgaf ~ov`

bw vb bjg Nbf tb vàv @ot nzadg dac tayg bw#

H#D# D`bavg ~at v`g ibwcfocn gfovbz bi V`g Ybodg bi Vzwv` Ocvgzcavobcal#



49

Talyavobc

A Dall ibz @gl{Fayof A# Tazngcv

Fayof Wzg ~at fgt{gzavg# @ot ~oig la dzovodall ochwzgf izbm ac

awvbmbjolg addofgcv oc ^gtv Yoznocoa# Fbdvbzt taof t`g cggfgf ommgfoavg

avvgcvobc izbm a cgwzbtwzngbc oi t`g ~gzg vb twzyoyg# Wzg vzogf vb dàzvgz a

`glodb{vgz vb il `gz vb âtòcnvbc, F#D#, ~`gzg v`g cgazgtv afgqwavg mgfodal

dazg ~at ayaolajlg# @g ~at wctwddgttiwl#

Iocall g fgdlazgf, “O‟m nbocn vb dall v`g òvg @bwtg!” Ov ~at a jblf acffgt{gzavg adv, jwv tbmg`b~ Wzg nbv v`zbwn`# At a zgtwlv, [zgtofgcv Copbc‟t

{zoyavg `glodb{vgz ~at ommgfoavgl fot{avd`gf vb Wzg‟t aof#

Fwg vb bwz toc, ^G azg oc fgt{gzavg cggf bi talyavobc, “ibz v`g ~angt bi

toc ot fgav`” (Zbmact 98:4/# Bwz b~c avvgm{vt vb tayg bwztglygt azg iwvolg#

Wclgtt ~g zgdgoyg bwvtofg `gl{, ~g azg fbbmgf#

Nbf ocyovgt wt vb “dall” vb @om ibz talyavobc# Alv`bwn` @g ot Lbzf bi

`gaygc acf gazv`, ov ot cbv ac om{btovobc ibz wt vb dall w{bc @om# g cggf cbv

iggl `gtovacv bz wc~bzv` vb a{{zbad` @om, ibz @g ACVT vb tayg wt! @g



4>

Talyavobc

“fgtozgt all mgc vb jg taygf acf vb dbmg vb v`g ecb~lgfng bi v`g vzwv`” (1

Vombv` :86/#

[gvgz ~at {zgadòcn vb a lazng awfogcdg vàv àf attgmjlgf oc Hgzwtalgm

ibz v`g Hg~ot` igatv bi [gcvgdbtv (tgg Advt :/# @g vblf v`gm bi v`g mac dallgfHgtwt ~`b af jggc dzwdoiogf oc vàv ygz dov hwtv ioiv fat gazlogz# @g {bocvgf

bwv v`g bcgt ~`b ~gzg zgt{bctojlg ibz @ot dzwdoiopobc8 “@om, jgocn fgloygzgf

j v`g fgvgzmocgf {wz{btg acf ibzgecb~lgfng bi Nbf, _BW àyg vaegc j

la~lgtt àcft, àyg dzwdoiogf, acf {wv vb fgav`” (Advt :8:4/#

_BW acf O tàzg v`g jlamg ibz {ladocn Hgtwt bc v`g dzbtt, ibz @g fogf ibz

v`g toct bi v`g ~`blg ~bzlf8 “Acf @g @omtgli ot v`g {zb{ovoavobc ibz bwz toct,

acf cbv ibz bwzt bcl jwv altb ibz v`g ~`blg ~bzlf” (1 Hb`c :8:/#

Jwv [gvgz àf NBBF CG^T ibz òt awfogcdg — acf ibz WT! @g taof vàv

v`g vòcnt vàv af a{{gcgf vàv fa ~gzg oc iwliollmgcv bi a {zb{`gd mafg j

v`g {zb{`gv Hbgl mac gazt jgibzg (tgg Advt :819-:1/# V`g dbcdlwtobc bi v`g

{zb{`gd dbcvaoct v`gtg b{giwl ~bzft8 “Acf ov tàll dbmg vb {att vàv ~`bgygz

dallt bc v`g camg bi v`g LBZF Tàll jg taygf” (Advt :8:15 izbm Hbgl :84:/#

@b~ fb ^G “dall bc v`g camg bi v`g Lbzf”2 @b~ dac ^G jg taygf2

Oc zgt{bctg vb v`g qwgtvobc, “Mgc acf jzgv`zgc, ~àv tàll ~g fb2” (Advt

:849/ ategf j v`btg ~`b zgaloxgf vàv v`g Mac vàv v`g àf dzwdoiogf, “Nbf

àf mafg jbv` Lbzf acf D`zotv” (Advt :84>/, [gvgz zgt{bcfgf8

“Zg{gcv, acf lgv gygz bcg bi bw jg ja{voxgf oc v`g camg bi Hgtwt D`zotv ibz v`g zgmottobc bi toct5 acf bw tàll zgdgoyg v`g noiv bi v`g @bl T{ozov# Ibz

v`g {zbmotg ot vb bw acf vb bwz dòlfzgc, acf vb all ~`b azg aiaz bii, at mac

at v`g Lbzf bwz Nbf ~oll DALL” (Advt :840-4?/#

Nbf ~at alzgaf “dallocn” v`gm — acf cb~ WT — v`zbwn` v`g Nbt{gl, v`g

Nbbf Cg~t bi Hgtwt (tgg : V`gttalbcoact :816/#

Acf ~g dac “dall w{bc @om” ibz talyavobc oc v`g tamg ~a v`g fof bc

vàv Fa bi [gcvgdbtv j8 {ladocn bwz iaov` acf vzwtv oc Hgtwt (Advt 1984;-41/,

vwzcocn izbm bwz toct oc zg{gcvacdg (Advt 1>84;-41/, dbcigttocn @ot camg jgibzg mgc (tgg Zbmact 1;8?-1;/, acf jgocn ja{voxgf (ommgztgf/ oc @ot

camg ibz v`g ibznoygcgtt bi toct (Advt :840/#

Nbf ot ~aovocn ibz bwz dall# Oc iadv, @g‟t alzgaf act~gzgf ov v`zbwn` v`g

NOIV bi @ot Tbc!

^bc‟v _BW dall w{bc @om ibz talyavobc v`zbwn` bwz vzwtvocn bjgfogcdg2

Fayof A# Tazngcv tgzygt at mocotvgz bi v`g D`wzd` bi D`zotv av Dzgge~bbf, oc Mb-jolg, Alajama, WTA#



40

Talyavobc

Vomg, Fbc‟v

Zwc Bwv Bc Mg!Modàgl L# Eocn

V`gzg ot a taf acf tbmg~àv bjtdwzg tvavgmgcv vwdegf a~a oc bcg bi

v`g lgttgz zgaf {zb{`gvt, v`g Blf Vgtvamgcv jbbe bi Hgzgmoa`# g ecb~ vàv

Hgtwt acf [awl zgaf Hgzgmoa` acf qwbvgf izbm ov bivgc oc v`goz vgadòcnt acf

~zovocnt# Ov ~at a lamgcvavobc bygz v`g dbcfovobc bi v`g {gb{lg bi òt fa acfòt dov# @g ~zbvg, “V`g àzygtv ot {atv, v`g twmmgz ot gcfgf, acf ~g azg cbv

taygf” (Hgzgmoa` 08:;/#

V`g gcfocn bi twmmgz ibz mwd` bi v`g ~bzlf ocfodavgt v`g dgttavobc bi

tbmgvòcn vàv ~g fgtozg cbv vb gcf# Ibz dòlfzgc ~`b azg jade oc td`bbl, v`goz

izggfbm vb zbam gcft, acf cb~ v`g iadg a mbwcvaoc bi `bmg~bze# bzegzt

jgmbac v`g yadavobc vàv ~at fgtozgf jwv cgygz mavgzoaloxgf# V`btg mac

d`bzgt vàv ~gzg {wv bii wcvol twmmgz ma tvoll zgmaoc wcfbcg, acf affovobcal

{olocn w{ àt bddwzzgf# V`g dbcvgpv bi Hgzgmoa`‟t wtang {gzvaoct vb a iazmgz ~`btg twmmgz ot bygz, ~ov` òt àzygtv zgmaococn oc v`g ioglf, lgayocn cb

twtvgcacdg ibz v`g ~ocvgz#

V`g tgcvomgcvt bi ~òd` Hgzgmoa` t{beg azg gd`bgf oc a mbfgzc tbcn

twcn j Dazblg Eocn acf Accg Mwzza ~ov` v`g vovlg8 “Vomg, Fbc‟v Zwc Bwv

Bc Mg!” V`g tbcn dbcyggf v`g tgcvomgcvt bi vzocn vb dbctgzyg vomg ibz v`g

{wz{btg bi {avdòcn a zglavobctò{ vàv af nbcg jaf# V`g dbcdgzc ibz vomg acf

wzngcd dac jg `gazf oc v`g lzodt bi vòt tbcn, at ~gll at oc v`g {acode ~bzft

bi Hgzgmoa`‟t ~zovocnt#

V`g zgalov bi ~àv ot vb ibllb~ v`g gcfocn bi twmmgz ot v`g mavvgz bi

dbcdgzc# Hgzgmoa` igazgf vàv òt hbj àf cbv jggc dbm{lgvgf acf òt {gb{lg

~gzg cbv zgaf ibz twmmgz‟t gcf, ibz v`g ~gzg “cbv taygf”! @b~ bivgc fb

bw `gaz tbmgbcg t{gaeocn bi v`g bwvdbmg bi ac av`lgvod dbm{gvovobc ~`gc a

lbtt àt bddwzzgf, acf ta, “^g fof cbv ngv jgavgc, ~g hwtv zac bwv bi vomg bc

v`g dlbde!” V`g vgam ma àyg dbmg tb dlbtg, cggfocn hwtv bcg mbzg {la,

t`bv, eode, bz t~ocn vàv dbwlf àyg om{advgf v`g bwvdbmg#

^`gc fgalocn ~ov` v`g talyavobc bi v`g tbwl, “almbtv” ot cbv nbbf gcbwn`



4?

Talyavobc

ibz v`btg ~`b azg bcl dlbtg bz àyg noygc mgcval attgcv ~ov`bwv bjgfogcdg,

ibz v`g azg tvoll lbtv# Aivgz jgocn vawn`v v`g Nbt{gl, Anzo{{a taof vb [awl, “_bw

almbtv {gztwafg mg vb jgdbmg a D`zotvoac” (Advt :08:0/# [awl lgv òm ecb~

vàv “almbtv” ~at cbv afgqwavg, jwv “O ~bwlf vb Nbf vàv cbv bcl bw, jwv altb all ~`b `gaz mg vbfa, mon`v jgdbmg jbv` almbtv acf alvbngv`gz twd` at

O am, gpdg{v ibz v`gtg dàoct” (ygztg :?/#

@azygtv ot gygzvòcn# Ov ~oll jzocn gov`gz jbwcv acf twtvgcacdg bz igaz acf

tvazyavobc! T{ozovwall t{gaeocn, ~g fb cbv àyg vb gcf v`g twmmgz ~ov` igaz

acf igglocnt bi fgt{aoz# @wmac loig gp{gzogcdgt ~oll dbmg vb cawn`v, acf giibzvt

zgcfgzgf yaoc, wclgtt v`gzg ot a da{ovaloxocn bc v`btg loigvomg dbcvzojwvobct#

Hwfa` ~at a cavobc vàv àf iallgc mbzall, àf vwzcgf izbm Nbf zglonobwtl, acf

àf zgad`gf v`g {bocv bi dbcvocwbwt cavobcal a{btvat# Ovt dbcfwdv acf dàzadvgz

~gzg dbzzw{v, acf v`g zgiwtgf vb zg{gcv (Hgzgmoa` 086->/# Hwfa` zgiwtgf vb

zgt{gdv Nbf‟t la~ (080-1:/# Ov vbvall oncbzgf acf zgiwtgf Nbf‟t ~azcocnt

v`zbwn` Hgzgmoa`, acf Nbf ~azcgf, “O ~oll twzgl tcavd` v`gm a~a” (0814/#

V`g ~otg mgc ~`b ~gzg lgafocn v`g tbwlt bi Hwfa` àf jggc {wv vb tàmg

(08?/# Octvgaf bi àzygtvocn v`g talyavobc bi v`goz tbwlt, v`g ~zbwn`v tàmg,

igaz, a jzbegc t{ozov, acf vgzzbz at v`g izwovt bi v`goz ibll# V`g zgiwtgf Nbf‟t

~azcocn ajbwv vomg zwccocn bwv (0814-1>/# V`gzg ~gzg ibzvoiogf dovogt ibz v`goz

zgiwng ~`gc v`g om{gcfocn fbbm ~bwlf dbmg, ~òd` v`g zgiwtgf acf ~gzg

mafg vb dz, “^` azg ~g tovvocn tvoll2” (ygztg 16a/# ^`gc v`goz twmmgz bi “`gfa” ~at bygz, v`g ~gzg dbctwmgf j Jajlbc‟t {b~gziwl ibzdgt j

t~bzf, fotgatg, iamocg, iozg, acf da{voyov (16815 178:-65 :18?5 :681;5 408:4/#

Hwfa` tom{l zgiwtgf vb addg{v addbwcvajolov ibz ovt wcvb~azf jgàyobz# Ov ~at

cbv vàv v`g àf cbv jggc ~azcgf, jwv v`g jategf oc v`g twmmgz‟t dbmibzv,

oncbzocn v`g om{gcfocn azzoyal bi v`g bctlawn`v bi ~ocvgz# g dac tgg ~`

Hgzgmoa` ~at zgigzzgf vb at v`g “~gg{ocn {zb{`gv”# @g nzogygf, taocn, “Ibz

v`g jzbegccgtt bi v`g fawn`vgz bi m {gb{lg O am jzbegc5 O mbwzc, fotma àt

vaegc `blf bi mg” (Hgzgmoa` 08:1/# V`gzg ~at afgqwavg “jalm oc Nolgaf” acf a {`todoac bc v`g {zgmotgt, jwv v`g dwzg ~at zgtotvgf (08::/#

^`gc bwz twmmgz ot gcfgf, ~oll v`gzg jg izggfbm bz ilamgt, talyavobc bz

tlawn`vgz2 Lgv wt maeg twzg vàv ~g fb cbv {gzmov v`g twmmgz bi bwz loygt vb

dbmg vb ac gcf ~ov`bwv v`g àzygtvocn bi bwz tbwlt, oc affovobc vb v`btg ~ov`

~`bm ~g àyg attbdoavobc# g mwtv zgfggm v`g vomg, bz ov ~oll zwc bwv bc wt!

(Dblbttoact 687/#

Modàgl L# Eocn {zgad`gt ibz v`g Cg~ Aljac dbcnzgnavobc oc Cg~ Aljac, Mottot-

to{{o, WTA#



6;

Talyavobc

Ja{votm,

A Ionwzg2B~gc F# Bljzod`v

V`g Eocn Hamgt Ygztobc vzactlavgt 1 [gvgz 48:1, “V`g loeg ionwzg ~`gzg-

wcvb ja{votm cb~ taygt wt”# Ot ja{votm bcl a ionwzg2 V`g Cg~ Eocn Hamgt

Ygztobc dbzzgdvl vzactlovgzavgt “ionwzg” at “acvov{g”, ~òd` ot v`g Nzgge ~bzf

“acvovw{bt”# “V`gzg ot ac acvov{g ~òd` cb~ taygt wt, camgl ja{votm#”

Facegz :;;; Nzgge Lgpodbc, {# ?;, oc fgiococn acvovw{bt, dbmmgcvgf, “v`gtalyavobc bi Cba` acf iamol yoa ~avgz (wfavbt/ ~òd` tw{{bzvgf v`g aze, ot v`g

vw{bt Uv{g] ibz v`g talwvaz iwcdvobc bi v`g ~avgz bi ja{votm#”

Dbm{azotbc

Oc ygztg v~gcv-bcg, [gvgz ~at {zgtgcvocn Cba`‟t iamol jgocn jzbwn`v vb

taigv “j” bz “v`zbwn`” (Nzgge foa, angcv bi mgact/ ~avgz oc v`g aze at a v{g

bi bwz talyavobc j v`g ~avgz bi ja{votm# Oi Nbf af wtgf iozg vb {wzng v`g gazv`

izbm vàv gyol ngcgzavobc, Cba`‟t iamol ~bwlf àyg jggc dzgmavgf octvgaf bi

taygf oc v`g aze# V`g cggfgf ~avgz oc bzfgz vb jg taygf oc v`g aze#

Oc loeg maccgz, bwz talyavobc ot fg{gcfgcv bc ~avgz, v`g ~avgz bi ja{votm,

~òd` dac jgcgiov wt jgdawtg ov ot jadegf j Hgtwt‟ jlbbf t`gf bc v`g dzbtt, @ot

jwzoal, acf zgtwzzgdvobc (Mavv`g~ :98:05 Zbmact 78?,1;5 G{`gtoact 78:7,:95

1 Dbzocvòact 1781-4/#

Acvov{g

^àv ot ac “acvov{g”2 Ov ot a zgalov vàv àt a dbzzgt{bcfocn zg{zgtgc-

vavobc at a v{g# Dbcygztgl t{gaeocn, a “v{g” ot a ionwzg bi ac “acvov{g”#V`bmat fgtozgf vb tgg v`g “{zocv”, vw{bt, bi v`g caolt vàv àf jggc fzoygc ocvb

Hgtwt‟ acft acf iggv (Hb`c :;8:7/# V`g {zocv, v`g “v{g”, ~at lgiv j v`g zgal-

ov, v`g caolt, v`g “acvov{g”# Mbtgt ~at a v{g bi D`zotv (Zbmact 7816/# V`g

jzatt tcaeg Mbtgt loivgf w{ oc v`g ~olfgzcgtt ibz Otzagl vb lbbe av acf jg galgf

~at a v{g bi Hgtwt jgocn loivgf bc v`g dzbtt (Hb`c 4817/# Acomal tadzoiodgt

~gzg a tàfb~ bi Hgtwt‟ vzwg tadzoiodg (@gjzg~t 1;81-6/# Oc loeg maccgz, fg-

loygzacdg oc v`g aze v`zbwn` ~avgz ot a v{g vàv zg{zgtgcvt talyavobc v`zbwn`

ja{votm, v`g acvov{g#



6:

Talyavobc

{azv bi v`g D`zotvoac gp{gzogcdg# Oc fbocn vòt, `g ot tom{l ibllb~ocn

a {zadvodg {zgyalgcv ambcn Cg~ Vgtvamgcv ~zovgzt (acf bv`gz jojlodal

ocvgz{zgvgzt bi vàv vomg/ bi vaeocn vòcnt, gygcvt, acf {gb{lg oc v`g

Blf Vgtvamgcv acf ocvgz{zgvocn v`gm at v{gt bz tmjblt dbzzgt{bcf-ocn vb vòcnt, gygcvt, acf {gb{lg oc v`g {zgtgcv# V`g ‐v{g‟ ibzgtàf-

b~t v`g ‐acvov{g‟, vàv ot ov, ot ac om{gzigdv tmjbl bi a zgalov ~òd`

ot cb~ zgygalgf iwll oc v`g D`zotvoac iaov`# Gpam{lgt bi v`g a{{lo-

davobc bi vòt gpgngvodal {zadvodg ajbwcf oc v`g Cg~ Vgtvamgcv, ibz

gpam{lg, Afam-D`zotv (Zbmact 781: acf ibllb~ocn/, Gloha`-Hb`c v`g

Ja{votv (Mavv`g~ 118165 1>81:/, Hbca`-D`zotv (Lweg 118:?-4:/, Otzagl

oc v`g ~olfgzcgtt-D`zotvoac tadzamgcvt (1 Dbz# 1;81-11/”# Facogl D#

Azd`ga acf Gwngcg A# Cofa, A Vzactlavbz‟t @acfjbbe bc v`g fiztv Lgv-

vgz Izbm [gvgz (Cg~ _bze8 Wcovgf Jojlg Tbdogv, 1?0;/, {# 11?, 1:;#

Dbcdlwtobc

Cba`‟t iamol, jgocn jzbwn`v vb taigv oc v`g aze j ~avgz, ot wtgf j

[gvgz at ac Blf Vgtvamgcv v{g ~òd` zg{zgtgcvt ja{votm vàv cb~ taygt wt#

Ja{votm ot cbv v`g v{g jwv v`g acvov{g# V`g ~avgz bi ja{votm ot v`g zgalov,

bi ~òd` v`g ~avgz bi v`g ilbbf ~at a v{g#

Talyavobc àt jggc mafg {bttojlg j v`g jlbbf Hgtwt t`gf bc v`g dzbtt

acf v`zbwn` @ot zgtwzzgdvobc vb a cg~ loig# “ Ibz oi ~òlg ~g ~gzg gcgmogt, ~g

~gzg zgdbcdolgf vb Nbf v`zbwn` v`g fgav` bi @ot Tbc, mwd` mbzg, àyocn jggc

zgdbcdolgf, ~g tàll jg taygf j @ot loig” (Zbmact 781;/#

avgz fbgt cbv àyg v`g {b~gz vb tayg, ibz bcl Hgtwt‟ jlbbf dac fb vàv,

jwv @ot jlbbf fbgt cbv ~at` a~a bwz toct wcvol ~g azg ja{voxgf at {gcovgcv

jglogygzt (Advt ::819/# Oc vòt tgctg, “ja{votm cb~ taygt wt”# Hgtwt‟ jlbbf ot

v`g mgact bi talyavobc, acf ~avgz ot v`g angcv bz octvzwmgcv zgqwozgf oc bzfgz

vb zgdgoyg vòt talyavobc# Vòt dac jg dbm{azgf ~ov` v`g `galocn bi Caamac (:

Eocnt 781;-16/ acf a jlocf mac vàv Hgtwt `galgf (Hb`c ?89,>/# âvgz dbwlfcbv `gal, ibz Nbf albcg dac fb vàv, jwv Nbf fof cbv adv wcvol v`gtg mgc jg-

logygf oc @om acf ~at`gf oc v`g ~avgz# Tb altb, ~g azg taygf ~`gc ~g tgge

talyavobc v`zbwn` v`g jlbbf bi Hgtwt, j jgocn jwzogf acf zaotgf ~ov` @om oc

v`g ~avgz bi ja{votm#

“ @g ~`b jglogygt acf ot ja{voxgf ~oll jg taygf5 jwv `g ~`b fbgt cbv jg-

logyg ~oll jg dbcfgmcgf ” (Maze 19819/#

B~gc Bljzod`v ot a Nbt{gl {zgad`gz zgtofocn oc T`gz~bbf, AZ, WTA#



64

Talyavobc

V`g Tadzoiodgt bi NbfFbc Dam{jgll

Fayof ~atc‟v

vòceocn mwd` ajbwv

toc, zon`vgbwtcgtt,

acf hwfnmgcv vb dbmg

~`gc `g iopgf òt ggt

bc acbv`gz mac‟t

~oig# @g allb~gf v`g

tovwavobc vb jlbv bwv

òt nbbf hwfnmgcv, òt

tgctg bi zgt{bctojolov,

òt lbalv vb ot iaov`-

iwl tblfogz, òt bjlona-

vobc vb v`g cavobc, acf

òt zglavobctò{ vb Nbf#

@g tbbc ibwcf vàv, ~òlg ov ot ac gat vòcn vb tvoilg v`g dbctdogcdg oc v`g

`gav bi v`g con`v, ov ot ac om{bttojlg vate oc v`g tvoll bi v`g con`v# “O am ~gaz

~ov` m nzbacocn,” Fayof tat, “All con`v O maeg m jgf t~om5 O fzgcd` mdbwd` ~ov` m vgazt# M gg ~atvgt a~a jgdawtg bi nzogi5 Ov nzb~t blf jgdawtg

bi m gcgmogt” ([talm 989/# Oc lon`v bi Nbf‟t tvavgmgcv vàv, gpdg{v ibz vòt

toc ~ov` Jav`t`gja, Fayof fof cbv vwzc atofg izbm acvòcn Nbf dbmmacfgf

òm (1 Eocnt 1787/, ov ot àzf vb omang ac bv`gz toc ~òd` Fayof dbwlf àyg

dbmmovvgf ~òd` ~bwlf àyg {zbfwdgf twd` {acnt bi nwolv#

Mac ~bwlf ta vbfa, “@g twzgl àf twiigzgf gcbwn`#” Jwv Fayof tbbc

ibwcf omtgli dbcizbcvgf ~ov` v`g iocngz bi hwtvodg at v`g {zb{`gv Cavàc zgaf v`g

foyocg ygzfodv# ^òlg mgzd ~at nzacvgf, attwzocn Fayof bi talyavobc, g ~bwlfloyg acf fog ~ov` v`g dbctgqwgcdgt bi òt toc8 v`g dòlf ~bwlf fog5 v`g t~bzf

~bwlf cbv fg{azv izbm òt `bwtg5 òt b~c tbc Ajtalbm, ~bwlf vaeg Fayof‟t

dbcdwjocgt vb jgf oc jzbaf falon`v jgibzg all Otzagl (: Tamwgl 1:811-16/# Bcg

~bcfgzt b~ mac vomgt v`g ~bzft, “_bw azg v`g mac,” ~beg Fayof izbm ioviwl

tlgg{ bz fzb~cgf bwv all v`g tbwcft bi v`g ~bzlf fbocn jwtocgtt at wtwal# Ibz

Fayof, ov dbwlf cgygz jg jwtocgtt at wtwal anaoc# @g àf dbmg iadg vb iadg ~ov`

v`g gyol ~ovòc òm, jwv `g àf altb dbmg iadg vb iadg ~ov` a Nbf ~`b fbgt cbv

noyg w{ qwodel bc @ot taocvt# @g àf dbmg iadg vb iadg ~ov` v`g nzadg bi Nbf#



66

Talyavobc

“Acf ~àv fbgt v`g LBZF zgqwozg bi bw Jwv vb fb hwtvl, Vb lbyg

mgzd, Acf vb ~ale `wmjl ~ov` bwz Nbf2” (Moda` 980/

V`zbwn` all bi vòt, Fayof àf lgazcgf tbmgvòcn ~òd` v`g ~bzlf ‖acf

iaz vbb bivgc ‖ v`g d`wzd`, àt cbv lgazcgf8 “V`g tadzoiodgt bi Nbf azg a

jzbegc acf dbcvzovg `gazv” ([talm 7181>/# Bc bcg tofg, v`gzg azg v`btg ~`b

jglogyg vàv ibznoygcgtt ot nzacvgf j Nbf acf t`bwlf jg nzacvgf j mac v`goctvacv bcg wvvgzt, “Bb{t! O nbv dawn`v,” bz, “^g cgygz zgall mgacv vb `wzv

acbcg,” bz, “O a{blbnoxg, jwv ov ~atc‟v zgall m iawlv#” Tbmg zwt` vb nzacv

ibznoygcgtt gygc jgibzg ac bi v`gtg ~gae afmottobct azg wvvgzgf, jgibzg

v`gzg ot ac gyofgcdg bi zg{gcvacdg# Bc v`g bv`gz tofg azg v`btg ~`b jglogyg

vàv mgzd mwtv jg gazcgf oc tbmg ~a# Zgtvovwvobc ot a iaybzovg biigzocn#

Atdgvodotm ot a {b{wlaz tadzoiodg#

V`g fgyol ~oll vaeg gov`gz tofg bi v`g aznwmgcv# @g ~oll aznwg vàv Nbf ot

twd` a lbyocn Nbf vàv @g ~bwlf cbv fzgam bi dzwtòcn v`g tociwl, fgioacv t{ozov oc

bzfgz vb jzocn ov vb zg{gcvacdg# A tom{lg, vzovg, “Gpdwtg mg, O nbbigf” ot twiiodogcv#

Bz, `g ~oll vaeg v`g bv`gz gcf bi v`g {zb{btovobc acf aznwg vàv dbcvzovobc acf

ibznoygcgtt azg vbb gat# Tbmgjbf mwtv {a# V`g toc mwtv jg iopgf#

V`g ioztv avvovwfg octwlvt Nbf‟t `blocgtt# V`g tgdbcf octwlvt @ot nzadg# Oi

Tavac dac tgll wt bc v`g ioztv, ~g gcf w{ ~ov` ~àv Fogvzod` Jb`cbgiigz dallgf

“d`ga{ nzadg,” ~òd` ot “{zgadòcn ibznoygcgtt ~ov`bwv zgqwozocn zg{gcvacdg,

ja{votm ~ov`bwv d`wzd` fotdo{locg, Dbmmwcobc ~ov`bwv dbcigttobc, ajtblwvobc

~ov`bwv {gztbcal dbcigttobc” (V`g Dbtv bi Fotdo{lgtò{, {#6>/# Oi v g fgdgoygz

dac tgll wt bc v`g tgdbcf, ~g iall izbm v`g vzwg nzadg bi Nbf, ibz `g ~`b tggetvb jg hwtvoiogf j mgzov iallt izbm nzadg, at [awl ~zovgt oc Zbmact 686-08

“Cb~ vb òm ~`b ~bzet, v`g ~angt azg cbv dbwcvgf at nzadg

jwv at fgjv# Jwv vb òm ~`b fbgt cbv ~bze jwv jglogygt bc @om

~`b hwtvo figt v`g wcnbfl, òt iaov` ot addbwcvgf ibz zon`vgbwt-

cgtt, hwtv at Fayof altb fgtdzojgt v`g jlgttgfcgtt bi v`g mac vb

~`bm Nbf om{wvgt zon`vgbwtcgtt a{azv izbm ~bzet8 ‐Jlgttgf azg

v`btg ~`btg la~lgtt fggft azg ibznoygc, Acf ~`btg toct azg dby-

gzgf5 Jlgttgf ot v`g mac vb ~`bm v`g Lbzf tàll cbv om{wvg toc#‟”

Ygztgt > acf 0 azg a qwbvavobc izbm [talm 4:, acbv`gz bi v`g [talmt

dbccgdvgf ~ov` Fayof‟t toc ~ov` Jav`t`gja#

Fbc Dam{jgll ~bzet ~ov` v`g @azfoc Dbwcv D`wzd` bi D`zotv, @azfoc Dbwcv, Ol-locbot, WTA#



67

Talyavobc

Ot Ov

Cbvòcn Vb _bw2Mapog J# Jbzgc

Oc v`g tàmjlgt acf fgtblavobc bi zayot`gf Hgzwtalgm, Hgzgmoa`, v`g nzgav

{zb{`gv, ~gg{t izbm v g fg{v`t bi òt `gazv# @g àf vzogf tb àzf vb {zgygcv

v`g dalamov `g tvzgvdòcn bwv jgibzg òm# @g àf iaovìwll {zbdlaomgf Nbf‟tbzf vb v`g {gb{lg# @g àf dallgf vb v`gm vb vwzc izbm v`goz ocoqwovogt ‖ `g

àf {lgafgf ~ov` v`gm vb dbmg jade vb Nbf# Jwv v`g ggfgf cbv ot mgttang#

ôv` nzgav lamgcvavobc, Hgzgmoa` om{lbzocnl atet, “ Ot ov cbvòcn vb bw, all

g vàv {att j2” (Lamgcvavobct 181:/# Vòt ot v`g tamg at ocqwozocn, “Fbgtc‟v

acbcg dazg2” @b~ vzanod acf {av`gvod! V`gzg, oc v`g moftv bi v`g fgyatvavobc acf

zwoct bi v`g nzgav dov, Hgzgmoa` albcg tggmt jzbegc `gazvgf#

Zgall, v`gzg azg v~b vzangfogt oc v`g tdgcg# V`g lavvgz, v`g fgtvzwdvobc bi

Hgzwtalgm acf v`g da{voyov bi v`g {gb{lg, ~at v`g zgtwlv bi v`g ibzmgz ‖ v`giaolwzg bi v`g {gb{lg vb dazg acf vb `ggf Nbf‟t ^bzf, ~òlg v`gzg ~at tvoll vomg

vb aygzv v`g om{gcfocn fbbm!

O tgg a {azallgl oc vòt acf ~àv ot à{{gcocn vbfa# Iaovìwl Nbt{gl

{zgad`gzt {lgaf ~ov` acf jgn {gb{lg vb vwzc izbm v`g vòcnt bi vòt ~bzlf vb xgal

ibz v`g Lbzf‟t dawtg! Acf vb twd` a nzgav gpvgcv, v g afmbcovobct acf ~azcocnt

iall bc fgai gazt! Oc vòt, v`gzg ot zgatbc ibz ~gg{ocn, jgdawtg bi ~àv ov ot nbocn

vb lgaf vb! Acf ~ov` {ogzdocn acf {wcngcv vbcgt v`g qwgtvobc zgtbwcft oc m

`gazv ‖ “Fbgtc‟v acbcg dazg2 Ot ov cbvòcn vb bw, all g v av {att j2”

Hwtv at twzgl at O ~zovg vòt, acf bw zgaf ov, v`gzg ot dbmocn a fa bi

zgvzojwvobc! “Nbf àv` a{{bocvgf a fa oc ~òd` `g ~oll hwfng vòt ~bzlf oc

zon`vgbwtcgtt…” (Advt 1>841/# “ Gad` bcg bi wt tàll noyg addbwcv bi òmtgli

vb Nbf ” (Zbmact 1681:/#

V`g qwgtvobc ot zg{gavgf, “Ot ov cbvòcn vb bw2” O {lgaf ~ov` gad` bcg,

lgv bwz zgt{bctg jg, “_gt, O dazg! V`g Lbzf ~oll jg ioztv ~ov` mg cb~ tb vàv

v`gzg ~oll jg cb zgnzgvt lavgz bc!”

Mapog J# Jbzgc ot a Nbt{gl {zgad`gz loyocn oc Ibzv ^bzv`, Vgpat, WTA#



69

Mgmjgzt bi v`g d`wzd`gt bi D`zotv

fb cbv ~ot` vb biigcf acbcg, cbz vbtwnngtv vàv ~g àyg tbmg òffgc

vzwv`, ecb~c bcl ambcn bwztglygt#

^g jglogyg vàv ~g fb vgad` acf

{zadvodg vzwv`t ~òd` bv`gz d`wzd`gt fb

cbv# V`g Jojlg ot v`g oct{ozgf bzf bi

Nbf, acf ~g jglogyg ov izbm bcg dbygz

vb v`g bv`gz# Bwz iaov` ot oc v`g Lbzf acf

oc @ot vzwv`, dbcvaocgf oc v`g Tdzo{vwzgt#“Tacdvoi v`gm oc v`g vzwv`5 v` ~bzf ot

vzwv`” (Hb`c 1>81>/# D`zotv ot v`g tblof

ybodg bi awv`bzov5 v`gzgibzg, ~g fb

cbv cggf vb ~aov ibz a fgdotobc izbm

a dbwcdol, dbcigzgcdg, dbcygcvobc,

{zgtofgcv, bz [b{g#

V`g Cg~ Vgtvamgcv vgad`gt

vàv v`gzg ot jwv bcg ~a ibz bcg vb jgdbmg a D`zotvoac, acf vàv ot j8

(1/ Iaov` oc Nbf, D`zotv, acf v`g

Jojlg# (:/ Zg{gcvacdg izbm all toc#

(4/ Dbcigttobc bi iaov` oc D`zotv at

v`g Tbc bi Nbf, acf (6/ Ja{votm j

jwzoal oc ~avgz, oc v`g camg bi v`g

Iav`gz, Tbc, acf @bl T{ozov# Vòt

ja{votm mwtv jg ibz v`g zgmottobc bi

toct# ^`gc bcg àt bjggf izbm v`g

`gazv v`gtg tom{lg dbmmacfmgcvt,D`zotv‟t jlbbf ~at`gt a~a {atv toct,

acf v`g bjgfogcv jglogygz ot affgf j

Nbf vb @ot d`wzd` (Nalavoact 48:>5

G{`gtoact 18>5 Advt :86>/#

V`g ~bztò{ bi v`g Lbzf‟t d`wzd`

ot {avvgzcgf aivgz v`g Cg~ Vgtvamgcv

(Hb`c 68:6/8 Tocnocn (Dblbttoact 4819/5

[zaocn (Advt :86:5 :;8>5 1 Dbzocvòact118:4-:?/5 Tvwf bi v`g Jojlg (:

Vombv` :817/5 acf Dbcvzojwvocn, at

{zbt{gzgf, ibz v`g ~bze bi v`g d`wzd`

(1 Dbzocvòact 198:/# Oc bzfgz vb fb

v`gtg vòcnt, v`g d`wzd` attgmjlgt

vbngv`gz bc v`g ioztv fa bi gad` ~gge,

v`g Lbzf‟t Fa (1 Dbzocvòact 198:5

@gjzg~t 1;8:75 Zgyglavobc 181;/#Bwz fgtozg ot cbv vb jg tomolaz

vb, jwv ofgcvodal ~ov`, v`g d`wzd`

fgtdzojgf oc v`g Cg~ Vgtvamgcv#

^g ocyovg bw vb ~bztò{ ~ov` wt

acvomg#

Jbjj Eg ot zgvozgf izbm iwll-vomg{zgadòcn, àyocn tgzygf ibz macgazt ~ov` v`g d`wzd` oc Moamo, Bela-`bma, WTA#

V`g D`wzd`

“…bw ~oll fog oc bwz toct5

ibz oi bw fb cbv jglogyg vàv O am @g,

bw ~oll fog oc bwz toct” (Hb`c 08:6/#

^g JglogygJbjj Eg



6>

V`g D`wzd`

“Fb bw cbv ecb~ vàv

bw azg v`g vgm{lg bi Nbf,

acf vàv v`g T{ozov bi Nbf

f~gllt oc bw2 Oi acbcg

fg filgt v`g vgm{lg bi Nbf,

Nbf ~oll fgtvzb òm# Ibz v`g vgm{lg bi Nbf ot `bl,

~òd` vgm{lg bw azg” (1

Dbzocvòact 4819-1> CEHY/#

Jgibzg ~g dbctofgz v`g om{loda-

vobct bi vòt {attang, ~g t`bwlf zgal-

oxg vàv v`g bzonocal mgttang àt v`g

{bvgcvoal bi jgocn lbtv oc vzactlavobc#

V`g {zbjlgm ot cbv fwg vb ac amjo-

nwov oc v`g vgpv jwv vb v`g lomovavobct

bi v`g Gcnlot` lacnwang# V`gtg ~bzft

~gzg ioztv {gccgf oc Nzgge, ~`gzg v`g

foiiodwlv fbgt cbv bddwz# Jwv ~`gc

v`g {attang ot zgcfgzgf oc Gcnlot`,

v`g mgacocn dac jg bjtdwzgf#V`g tgdbcf {gztbc {zbcbwc

“bw” oc Gcnlot` dac gov`gz jg tocnw-

laz bz {lwzal, fg{gcfocn bc ~`gv`gz

ac ocfoyofwal bz mwlvo{lg {gztbct azg

jgocn affzgttgf# Oi O ~acv vb t{gae

vb ac gcvozg nzbw{ (“bw, dlatt”/ bz vb

hwtv bcg {gztbc (“bw, Vbm”/, v`gzg

ot bcl bcg {zbcbwc izbm ~òd` vb

_bw Azg v`g

Vgm{lg bi NbfEgyoc L# Mbbzg



60

V`g D`wzd`

d`bbtg# @b~gygz, v`btg bi wt izbm v`g

tbwv`gzc Wcovgf Tvavgt àyg zgdvoiogf

v`g {zbjlgm j zgnazfocn “bw” at v`g

tocnwlaz ibzm acf “bw all” bz “‟all”at v`g {lwzal (cbvg8 oc v`g Eocn Hamgt

Ygztobc “g” = v`g {lwzal “bw all”/#

Oc 1 Dbzocvòact 4819 [awl wtgt

v`g tgdbcf {gztbc {lwzal ibzm bi

affzgtt, acf oi ~g zgaf ov oc v`g lac-

nwang bi v`g tbwv`gzc Wcovgf Tvavgt,

v`g {bocv ot mwd` dlgazgz8 “Fb ‟all

cbv ecb~ vàv ‟all azg v`g vgm{lg bi

Nbf acf vàv v`g T{ozov bi Nbf f~gllt

oc Ubz ‐ambcn‟] ‟all2” [awl ot cbv

t{gaeocn `gzg ajbwv v`g ocfoyofwal

D`zotvoac, jwv zav`gz v`g dbllgdvoyov

bi D`zotvoact, v`g jbf bi D`zotv, v`g

d`wzd`# Ov ot Nbf‟t d`wzd` (v`g dbm-

mwcov bi v`g taygf/ vàv tgzygt at

@ot t{ozovwal vgm{lg acf v`g f~gllocn

{ladg bi @ot T{ozov# Cgpv v`g a{btvlg ~zovgt8 “Oi ac-

bcg fgiolgt v`g vgm{lg bi Nbf, Nbf ~oll

fgtvzb òm” (ygztg 1>a/# Anaoc, v`g

fgtdzo{vobc `gzg ot cbv vàv bi v`g ocfo-

yofwal D`zotvoac (v`bwn` di# 9810-:;/#

Cgov`gz t`bwlf ~g dbctofgz v`g d`wzd`

jwolfocn (a {`todal tvzwdvwzg bi jzode

acf mbzvaz/ at tbmg eocf bi àllb~gftacdvwaz, fgt{ovg ~àv ~g ma àyg

ocigzzgf at dòlfzgc izbm v`g tbcn,

“Vo{ vbg, vo{ vbg oc Nbf‟t `bwtg”#

^`gc at iaovìwl D`zotvoact ~g

attgmjlg vbngv`gz, ~bze vbngv`gz, acf

dbllgdvoygl zg{zgtgcv Nbf‟t {zgtgcdg

oc bwz dbmmwcov, ~g azg Nbf‟t t{ozo-

vwal vgm{lg# Addbzfocnl, ma cbcg bi

wt gygz jg nwolv bi fgiolocn vòt “vgm-

{lg” j twd` vòcnt at wcnbfl jgày-

obz (781,:5 981-11/, t{ozovwal a{av`(1184;,41/, ialtg vgadòcn (1781:,46/,

dbzzw{v ~bztò{ (1181>-::5 168:,6/, bz

wccgdgttaz foyotobc (181;,115 484/#

Bwz {zomaz aom t`bwlf jg vàv bi

jwolfocn w{ v`g vgm{lg bi Nbf#

Izbm v`g vòzf dà{vgz bi 1 Dbz-

ocvòact, ~g azg zgmocfgf bi `b~

ygz om{bzvacv v`g d`wzd` ot, v`g nzgav

{zoyolgng bi jgocn a {azv bi ov, acf v`g

tblgmc zgt{bctojolov ~g all àyg vb

fgybvg bwztglygt vb nbfl loyocn, ad-

voyg ocyblygmgcv, acf iaovìwl tgz-

yodg# “Ibz v`g vgm{lg bi Nbf ot `bl,

~òd` vgm{lg ‟all azg” (ygztg 1>j/#

Egyoc L# Mbbzg vgad`gt Jojlg acf mot-tobct av Izggf-@azfgmac Wcoygztov

oc @gcfgztbc, Vgccgttgg WTA, jwv ot~bzeocn anaoc oc Cg~ Xgalacf ibz v~bgazt#

M d`wzd`###Mavv`g~ 19810D`wzd` bi v`g Loyocn Nbf###

1 Vombv` 4817D`wzd gt bi D zotv### Zbmact 19819V`g d`wzd`### Advt :86>

D`wzd bi Nbf### 1 Dbzocv oact 18:Jbf bi D`zotv### G{`gtoact 681:Jzofg bi D`zotv### G{`gtoact ###

78:1-4:5 Zgyglavobc ::81>Vgm{lg bi Nbf### 1 Dbzocv oact 4819Eocnfbm bi @ot fgaz Tbc###Dblbttoact 1814@bwtg bi Nbf### 1 Vombv` 4817



6?

Fbdvzocg vb loyg j

Octvzwmgcval Mwtod, Jojlodal bz Cbv2

Dàzlgt Jbp

Nbf ot v`g bjhgdv bi bwz ~bztò{ acf ov ot @g ~`b fgvgzmocgt `b~ ~gazg vb ~bztò{# Wclgtt ~g ibllb~ @ot dbmmacft, bwz ~bztò{ ot yaoc# Hb`c~zbvg, “Nbf ot T{ozov, acf v`btg ~`b ~bztò{ @om mwtv ~bztò{ oc t{ozov acf vzwv`” (Hb`c 68:6/# V`g bzf bi Nbf mwtv al~at jg bwz nwofg#

Nbf noygt t{gdoiod acf ngcgzod dbmmacft# A t{gdoiod dbmmacf vgllt bw~àv vb fb acf `b~ vb fb ov5 bw àyg cb d`bodg oc v g mavvgz# A ngcgzoddbmmacf vgllt bw ~àv vb fb jwv fbgt cbv lomov bw at vb `b~# Nbf nayg

Cba` “t{gdoiod dbmmacft” vb bjg oc jwolfocn v`g aze (Ngcgtot 981-16#/ V`g

bcl ~a Cba` dbwlf `bcbz Nbf ~at vb fb gpadvl ~àv @g dbmmacfgf# Acgpam{lg bi a “ngcgzod dbmmacf” ot ~`gc Nbf taof, “Nb ocvb all v`g ~bzlf#”

g azg izgg vb nb j ~àvgygz mgact tggmt mbtv gp{gfogcv#Octvzwmgcval mwtod, jojlodal bz cbv2 Oc Cg~ Vgtvamgcv ~bztò{, fof Nbf

ta “maeg mwtod” (a ngcgzod dbmmacf/ bz “tocn” (a t{gdoiod dbmmacf/2Oi Nbf taof “maeg mwtod”, v`gc cb v{g bi mwtod ~bwlf jg gpdlwfgf izbmbwz ~bztò{# Jwv Nbf t{gdoiogf v`g eocf bi mwtod vb jg wtgf# @g t{gdoiogftocnocn, v`wt gpdlwfocn ac bv`gz eocf bi mwtod# “T{gaeocn vb bwztglygt oc

{talmt acf `mct acf t{ozovwal tbcnt, tocnocn acf maeocn mglbf oc bwz

`gazv vb v`g Lbzf” (G{`gtoact 781?/#^`gzg fof Nbf ta cbv vb wtg octvzwmgcval mwtod2 Oc v`g datg bi Cba`, ~`gc

Nbf t{gdoiogf nb{`gz ~bbf, vàv gpdlwfgf all bv`gz eocft bi ~bbf! @g fof cbv aygvb ta, “Fb cbv wtg odebz, dgfaz, bz bae#” ^`gc Nbf t{gdoiogf tocnocn oc v`g Cg~Vgtvamgcv d`wzd`, vàv gpdlwfgf ac bv`gz eocf bi mwtod# @g àt t{gdoiogf tocnocn oc ~bztò{, acf vàv ot ~àv ~g mwtv fb vb {lgatg @om (@gjzg~t 14817/#

bztò{ ot a mavvgz bi zgt{gdv ibz Nbf# V`btg ~`b zgt{gdv v`g bzfbi Nbf ~oll fb bcl ~àv @g dbmmacft! Fbgt v`g fbdvzocg bi D`zotv vgad`v`g wtg bi octvzwmgcval mwtod oc Cg~ Vgtvamgcv ~bztò{2 All ecb~ vàv v`gact~gz ot, “Cb”# V`gzgibzg, ~g daccbv wtg octvzwmgcval mwtod oc ~bztò{ acfajofg oc v`g fbdvzocg bi D`zotv# V`g wtg bi octvzwmgcvt bi mwtod oc ~bztò{ ota toc anaoctv Nbf!

_bw mwtv bjg Nbf‟t ^bzf vb jgdbmg a D`zotvoac jgibzg ac ~bztò{ot addg{vajlg# Vb jgdbmg a D`zotvoac, `gaz v`g Nbt{gl (Zbmact 1;81>/,jglogyg (@gjzg~t 1189/, zg{gcv (Advt 1>84;/, dbcigtt (Mavv`g~ 1;8 4:/ acf jg

ja{voxgf# (Advt :840#/ Aivgz ja{votm, ~bztò{ Nbf!

Dàzlgt Jbp ~bzet ~ov` v`g âlcwv Tvzggv D`wzd` bi D`zotv oc Nzggcyollg, Alajama,

WTA#



fbdvzocg vb loyg j

7;

Vzwg Zglonobc

Joll FollbcTb mac zglonobct! ^` azg v`gzg tb mac zglonobct acf d`wzd`gt2 @b~

dac ~g ecb~ ~òd` ot zon`v2 V`gtg azg qwgtvobct ~gonòcn `gayol bc mgc‟t

mocft#

At lbcn at mac attwmgt vàv Nbf ~oll addg{v ac ~bztò{, zgnazflgtt bi

~`gv`gz vàv {azvodwlaz eocf bi ~bztò{ ot ~àv Nbf @omtgli fgtozgt, v`gzg

~oll dbcvocwg vb jg a mwlvo{lodov bi zglonobct v`g Lbzf cgygz ocvgcfgf# V`g

mbfgzc zglonobwt ~bzlf, ~ov` ovt fgcbmocavobcalotm acf “àyg ov bwz ~a”

mwmjb-hwmjb a{{zbad` vb Fgov, ot cbv ~àv Nbf gygz {wz{btgf# Twd` a tvavgbi zglonobwt jajjlg ot cbv tgctavobcal ‖ ov ot tociwl#

V`g afa{vgf ygztobct bi D`zotvoacov ayaolajlg vbfa azg `wmacotvod oc

bzogcvavobc acf bzonocavobc# V`g azg zglonobct bi dbcygcogcdg, cbv dbcyodvobc#

Acf v`bwn` mwlvo{logf mollobct tocdgzgl jglogyg a ialtg`bbf ‖ ov ot a

ialtg`bbf tvoll#

Dac all ~at bi ~bztò{ lgaf vb Nbf2 @b~ dac v`g ~`gc v`g all

dbcvzafodv gad` bv`gz2 V`g Gvgzcal Nbf at cbv lgiv wt oc fbwjv#

V`g qwgtvobc ot, “@b~ dac ~g ecb~ ~òd` ot vzwg2” V`g act~gz otvàv vzwg zglonobc ~oll jg a zgygalgf zglonobc# Vzwg zglonobc ~oll cbv iocf ovt

ibwcfavobc oc `wmac fgtozg, ~òm, bz da{zodg, jwv oc v`g iadv vàv ov dbmgt

fozgdvl izbm Nbf# A zgygalgf zglonobc fbgt cbv dbmg izbm a dàzotmavod bz

fcamod zglonobwt lgafgz, jwv fozgdvl izbm Nbf#

V`g ngcwocg (zgygalgf/ zglonobc ot v`g bcg ~`gzg Nbf t{gaet vb maceocf#

Vòt ot gpadvl ~àv v`g Jojlg dlaomt vb jg# V`g Jojlg ot v`g blfgtv acf bcl

dzgfojlg zglonobwt mgttang oc v`g ~bzlf#

V`g mgttang bi ngcwocg zglonobc ~oll cbv jg vb ilavvgz wt acf vodelg bwz zglonobwt iacdogt# Vzwg zglonobc ~oll cbv davgz vb `wmac ibll, cbz glgyavg

`wmac ~oll ajbyg v`g ~oll bi Nbf# Vzwg zglonobc ~oll cbv jg mac-dgcvgzgf,

jwv Nbf-bzogcvgf#

Oc a ~bzlf bi zglonobwt fazecgtt, v`g Jojlg tòcgt at v`g dlgaz lon`v izbm

ajbyg, jacotòcn v`g jladecgtt bi zglonobwt dbciwtobc# V`g Jojlg ot vzwg# V`g

Jojlg ot zon`v# Ma ov gygz tòcg wcvb gvgzcal fa#

Joll Follbc ot Gfovbz bi Nbt{gl Nlgacgz acf {zgad`gt ibz v`g Lbzf‟t d`wzd` oc @ode-

bz Zofng, Azeactat, WTA#



fbdvzocg vb loyg j

71

^gayocn Bwv acf Oc, bz V~b Tvg{t

Ibz~azf acf Bcg Tvg{ Jade~azf

Zambcf Gllobvv

Oc Tg{vgmjgz bi 1??7 O {wzdàtgf a jbbe ~zovvgc j Lcc Acfgztbc

gcvovlgf, Cayonavocn v`g ôcft bi Dàcng# Ov ~at acf ot a macwal bc “@b~ vb

macang dàcng oc v`g d`wzd`”# Ov ot cbv vb jg wcfgztvbbf vàv all dàcngt ~bwlf

jg addg{vajlg vb v`g awv`bz bi v`g jbbe, `b~gygz, `g fbgt mgcvobc tgygzal

dàcngt vàv `g iglv dbwlf jg mafg vàv ~bwlf jg dbctofgzgf wctdzo{vwzal

j v`g mahbzov bi D`zotvoact# Ov ot gyofgcv, oc v`g gazt tocdg v`g jbbe ~at~zovvgc, vàv mac jzgv`zgc azg oc v`g {zbdgtt bi om{lgmgcvocn v`g awv`bz‟t

twnngtvobct acf mgv`bft oc ocvzbfwdocn wctdzo{vwzal {zadvodgt vb v`g yazobwt

attgmjlogt oc v`goz dbcnzgnavobct#

Ioztv bi all, jzbv`gz Acfgztbc ~zbvg8

Dàcng vòcnt av ac a{{zb{zoavg {adg# ôlloam Jzofngt, ~`b ~zbvg Mac-

anocn Vzactovobct, tat vàv “v`g zgal {zbjlgm ot cbv oc jzocnocn ajbwv

dàcng, jwv vb egg{ vbb mwd` dàcng izbm a{{gcocn vbb iatv#” V`g avvo-

vwfg bi mac tggmt vb jg8 “Oi cgpv gaz ~bwlf gl{, ommgfoavgl ~oll dwzggygzvòcn#” Tbmgvomgt v`g wzngcd bi v`g dbcyocdgf oncbzgt v`g iggl-

ocnt bi v`g wcdbcyocdgf# Vòt ot jbv` wclbyocn acf dbwcvgz{zbfwdvoyg#

[gztbcall, O ~bwlf afyotg vàv ac glfgztò{ ~bwlf jg ~otg oc dbctwlvocn

~ov` v`g lbdal mgmjgztò{ ajbwv gygc occbdgcv dàcngt vàv ~bwlf aiigdv v`g

gcvozg dbcnzgnavobc# Ibz gpam{lg, ov ~bwlf jg jgtv oi v`g glfgzt ~bwlf twnngtv

a {gzobf bi vzoal dbcdgzcocn v`g dàcnocn bi v`g vomgt bi v`g Twcfa mbzcocn

attgmjlogt jgibzg om{lgmgcvocn v`g dàcng twffgcl ~ovòc a ~gge‟t cbvodg#

O ecb~ {gztbcall bi a datg oc ~òd` v`g glfgzt azjovzazol dàcngf v`g vomgt,acf fof tb ommgfoavgl, acf tbmg bi v`g mgmjgzt almbtv jgdamg dbcvgcvobwt

bygz v`g mavvgz#

Dbcdgzcocn dàcngt vàv ~bwlf jg dbctofgzgf wctdzo{vwzal, addbzfocn vb

v`g vgadòcn bi v`g Cg~ Vgtvamgcv, tbmg bi bwz jzgv`zgc azg jgocn ygz dazgiwl

cbv vb jg vbb annzgttoyg jwv vb om{lgmgcv v`g dàcngt ygz nzafwall#

Oc v`g cgpv {azanza{` jzbv`gz Acfgztbc {zgtgcvgf vòt zwlg8 “Fb cbv

ocvzbfwdg v`g mbtv om{bzvacv dàcngt av v`g {bocv bi nzgavgtv zote#” @g v`gc

gp{laocgf v`g mgacocn bi vòt tvavgmgcv8



fbdvzocg vb loyg j

7:

V`g mbtv om{bzvacv dàcngt t`bwlf cbv jg ocvzbfwdgf av v`g {bocv bi

nzgavgtv zote ‖ v`g Twcfa mbzcocn attgmjl# Om{bzvacv dàcngt mwtv

jg ocvzbfwdgf ~ov` dazg ‖ {gzà{t av a zgvzgav bz bc gfcgtfa bz Twc-

fa con`vt# Oc v`g mocft bi mac, Twcfa mbzcocn attgmjlogt azg v`gmbtv ‐tadzgf‟ vomg acf v`g mbtv tgctovoyg {ladg acf v`wt t`bwlf jg lgatv

vam{gzgf ~ov`# Jg ~otg acf v`bwn`viwl oc bwz ocvzbfwdvobc bi dàcng#

Oc v`g {atv tgygzal gazt ~g àyg tggc `b~ tbmg jzgv`zgc àyg ibllb~gf

vòt zwlg dbm{lgvgl# @gzg azg a ig~ gpam{lgt# A dbcnzgnavobc oc bwz da{ovbl

dov bi Alajama wtgf octvzwmgcval mwtod ~ov` v`g tbcnt v`g dòlfzgc ~gzg

tocnocn fwzocn yadavobc Jojlg td`bbl# Acbv`gz dbcnzgnavobc ibzmgf ac

octvzwmgcval jacf vb jg wtgf oc v`goz tgzyodgt bc a ~gge con`v ~`gc v`g damg

vbngv`gz ibz a ‐{zaotg tgzyodg‟# A lazng dbcnzgnavobc oc a mgvzb{blovac azga {gzmovvgf v`goz bwcn {gb{lg vb aff ac octvzwmgcval jacf vb v`goz {zaotg vgam#

Bcg bi v`g zgatbct noygc j v`g glfgzt ibz v`gtg fgdotobct ~at jgdawtg v`g

dbcnzgnavobc ~at lbtocn mac bi ovt bwv`# Tbmg jzgv`zgc azg altb wtocn

odbct, jwzcocn ocdgctg acf dacflgt oc attgmjlogt fwzocn v`g ~gge con`vt#

Mbtv bi v`gtg jzgv`zgc ~bwlf ta vàv, ibz v`g taeg bi wcov, v`g ~bwlf

cbv wtg v`g octvzwmgcv, gvd# fwzocn v`g Twcfa mbzcocn ~bztò{ attgmjl5

`b~gygz, ov ~oll jg bcl a mavvgz bi vomg jgibzg v`g octvzwmgcv ~oll jg addg{vgf

oc v`g ~bztò{ fwzocn v`g Lbzf‟t Fa attgmjlogt# Gp{gzogcdg vgad`gt vàv

vòt bjtgzyavobc ot vzwg# Ov àt à{{gcgf, acf ~oll à{{gc anaoc, jgdawtg

v`g bwcn {gb{lg ~oll jg addwtvbmgf vb wtocn v`g octvzwmgcv oc v`g ~bztò{

attgmjlogt bc bv`gz fat, acf ~`gc ov ot ocvzbfwdgf oc v`g Twcfa attgmjlogt,

v`goz dbctdogcdgt ~oll cbv jg biigcfgf#

Cb~ O ~acv bw vb zgaf ygz dazgiwll vòt {azanza{` vàv ot ibwcf bc {ang

1>4 bi Acfgztbc‟t jbbe#

Tvzavgn bcg# ^gayg! Alvgzcavg jgv~ggc taigv acf fotgqwolojzowm#

Vgad` cg~ ofgat a~òlg, tvzgvdòcn bwz d`wzd` bwv jgbcf dbm-ibzv xbcgt acf ocvb izgt` vòceocn# Av fiztv bw ma `gaz, “^b~!

O cgygz cbvodgf vàv oc v`g Jojlg jgibzg!” Vòt ot bcl molf fot-

gqwolojzowm# Jwv ~`gc bw iggl bwz d`wzd` a{{zbadòcn v`g lom-

ovt bi vblgzacdg, jade bii! Vale ajbwv iamoloaz acf taig vòcnt ibz

a ~òlg# V`gc, mbyg jade bwv vb v`g dwvvocn gfng anaoc# gayg

bwv acf oc ‖ ~gayg bwv ~ov` cg~ ofgat, v`gc ~gayg jade oc

~ov` vale bi dbmibzvajlg vòcnt# V`gc ~gayg bwv anaoc j om{lg-

mgcvocn cg~ {zadvodgt5 v`gc ~gayg jade vb tbmg blf {zadvod-



fbdvzocg vb loyg j

74

gt vàv iggl taigz# gayg! V~b tvg{t ibz~azf acf bcg tvg{ jade#

V`g ~bzf “fotgqwolojzowm” dazzogt v`g ofga bi jgocn oc “a tvavg bi

gmbvobcal bz ocvgllgdvwal omjalacdg#” Vòt dbmgt ajbwv ~`gc a dbcnzgnavobc

maegt vbb mac dàcngt vbb iatv# Tb ~àv vòt jzbv gz ot twnngtvocn ot vàv adbcnzgnavobc t`bwlf nzafwall ocvzbfwdg acf om{lgmgcv dàcngt# ^òlg vòt

{lac dac jg wtgf oc om{lgmgcvocn dàcngt oc vzafovobcal mavvgzt vàv azg mgzg

b{ocobc, ov ot cbv twz{zotocn, `b~gygz fota{{bocvocn, vàv jzgv`zgc azg wtocn

v`gtg vadvodt oc jzocnocn {zadvodgt ocvb v`g ~bztò{ attgmjlgt acf afybdavocn

fbdvzocgt vàv azg wctdzo{vwzal#

V`gtg mgc azg wtocn v`g jojlodal oncbzacdg bi v`g dbcnzgnavobc vb

ocvzbfwdg wctdzo{vwzal {zadvodgt# Ac glfgztò{ acf {zgad`gzt vàv ~oll cbv

vgad`"{zgad` anaoctv v`g wtg bi octvzwmgcval mwtod oc v`g ~bztò{ attgmjlogtazg gcdbwzanocn a lade bi wcfgztvacfocn at vb ~àv v`g Cg~ Vgtvamgcv vgad`gt

bc v`g twjhgdv# V`gc, vb allb~ v`g octvzwmgcv vb jg wtgf oc attgmjlogt fwzocn

v`g ~gge con`vt ot vb nzafwall fgtgctovoxg v`g mgmjgztò{ dbcdgzcocn ovt

gygcvwal wtg bc v`g Lbzf‟t Fa#

O gazf ajbwv bcg glfgztò{ vàv ~bwlf tgcf bwv lgvvgzt vb v`g lbdal mgmjgzt,

accbwcdocn tbmg dàcngt vàv ~gzg bc v`g ‐dwvvocn gfng‟, acf fg{gcfocn bc

v`g zgadvobc ~bwlf gov`gz {zbdggf ~ov` v`g {zadvodg bz v`g ~bwlf `gtovavg ibz

a~òlg acf vz ov anaoc lavgz# Ov ot a foajblodal td`gmg bi jzgv`zgc vb wtg twd`mgv`bft vb ocvzbfwdg {zadvodgt vàv àyg foyofgf v`g jzbv`gz`bbf oc vomgt {atv

acf azg foyofocn v`g d`wzd` vbfa#

V`g gp`bzvavobc bi v`g a{btvlg [awl at ibwcf oc Dblbttoact :89-0 ot mwd`

cggfgf cb~8 “At bw v`gzgibzg àyg zgdgoygf D`zotv Hgtwt v`g Lbzf, tb ~ale

oc @om, zbbvgf acf jwolv w{ oc @om acf gtvajlot`gf oc v`g iaov`, at bw àyg

jggc vawn`v, ajbwcfocn oc ov ~ov` vàcetnoyocn# Jg~azg lgtv acbcg d`gav

bw v`zbwn` {òlbtb{` acf gm{v fgdgov, addbzfocn vb v`g vzafovobc bi mgc,

addbzfocn vb v`g jatod {zocdo{lg bi v`g ~bzlf, acf cbv addbzfocn vb D`zotv#”

Zambcf Gllobvv ~bzet ~ov` v`g d`wzd` oc [zavvyollg, Alajama, WTA#

Cbvg8 Ov ot yoval vàv D`zotvoact jg ibzg~azcgf ajbwv v`gtg twjygztoyg

jzgv`zgc, acf jg gqwo{{gf vb fgigcf v`g d`wzd` anaoctv v`gm# Oc affovobc vb

v`g Cg~ Vgtvamgcv, zgdbmmgcfgf jbbet ibz fgigcdg anaoctv v`g “Dàcng

Mbygmgcv” azg [olbvocn v`g Tvzaovt j Fayg Mollgz acf âygt bi Dàcng

j Elg acf Tvac Jwvv#



Qwode Dbmmgcvazy bc Dzwdoal Ygztgt @gjzg~t 986-9

V`gzg azg v`btg ~`b vgad`v`g Dalyocotvod fbdvzocg bi “v`g

om{bttojolov bi a{btvat” ‖

“bcdg taygf, al~at taygf”,

‖ vàv bcg daccbv “iall izbm

nzadg”# Ot vòt fbdvzocg tw{-

{bzvgf j Tdzo{vwzg2

Ibz ov ot om{bttojlgibz v`btg ~`b ~gzg bcdggclon`vgcgf, acf àyg vatv-

gf v`g `gaygcl noiv, acfàyg jgdbmg {azvaegzt bi v`g @bl T{ozov, acf àygvatvgf v`g nbbf ~bzf bi Nbf acf v`g {b~gzt bi v`gang vb dbmg, oi v`g ialla~a, vb zgcg~ v`gm anaocvb zg{gcvacdg, tocdg v`g

dzwdoi anaoc ibz v`gmtglygtv`g Tbc bi Nbf, acf {wv @omvb ac b{gc tàmg#

Cbv

bcl fbgt

@gjzg~t 986-9 ai-

fizm vàv ov ot {bttojlg

ibz a {gztbc ~`b àt jggctaygf vb iall izbm v`g nzadg bi

Nbf, j òt b~c d`bodg, jwv v`g

tvavgmgcv ot dlgazl mafg vàv ~`gc

bcg àt ecb~c v`g iwlcgtt bi talya-

vobc acf bi a t{ozovwal loig oc D`zotv,

acf àt d`btgc vb vwzc òt jade bc

vàv ecb~lgfng acf vàv loig, v`g daz-

ocn D`zotvoact azbwcf òm àyg cbv`-ocn ~ov` ~òd` vb a{{gal vb òm vb

jzocn òm jade# Wclgtt `g, omtgli,

d`bbtgt vb zg{gcv, bv`gzt daccbv

jzocn om vb vàv {bocv, jgdawtg

`g àt zghgdvgf òt bcl

mgact bi talyavobc, v`g

dzwdofigf D`zotv#

“V`gzgibzg lgv òm~`b vòcet `g tvacft

vaeg `ggf lgtv `g iall” (1

Dbzocvòact 1;81:/#

“V`gzgibzg, jzgv`zgc,

tvacf iatv acf `blf v`g

vzafovobct ~òd` bw ~gzg

vawn`v, ~`gv`gz j ~bzf

bz bwz g{otvlg” (: V`gt-talbcoact :817/#

“Ibz oi, aivgz v`g

àyg gtda{gf v`g {bllw-

vobct bi v`g ~bzlf v`zbwn`

v`g ecb~lgfng bi v`g Lbzf

acf Tayobz Hgtwt D`zotv,

v`g azg anaoc gcvacnlgf

oc v`gm acf bygzdbmg,v`g lavvgz gcf ot ~bztg ibz

v`gm vàc v`g jgnoccocn”

(: [gvgz :8:;/#

“ Jg iaovìwl wcvol

fgav`, acf O ~oll noyg bw

v`g dzb~c bi loig” (Zgy-

glavobc :81;/ #



77

D`zotvoacov Oc Advobc

[òlo{ v`g gyacnglotv àf a “@gzg

am O, tgcf mg” avvovwfg# @ot {zgad`-

ocn oc v`g dov bi Tamazoa àf jggc ~gll

zgdgoygf acf a cwmjgz bi {gb{lg àf

jggc affgf vb v`g Lbzf‟t d`wzd`# _gv,

~`gc v`g acngl bi v`g Lbzf taof, “Azotg

acf nb vb~azf v`g tbwv` albcn v`g zbaf

~òd` nbgt fb~c izbm Hgzwtalgm vb

Naxa,” `g ~gcv (Advt 08:9,:>/# @ot ad-vobct zgmocf wt bi Otaoa`‟t zgt{bctg vb

v`g Lbzf‟t dall# “Altb O `gazf v`g ybodg

bi v`g Lbzf, taocn8 ‐^`bm tàll O tgcf,

acf ~`b ~oll nb ibz wt2‟ V`gc O taof,

‐@gzg am O! Tgcf mg‟” (Otaoa` 980/#

V`gzg ~bwlf jg cb cggf vb vale bi a

fgdlococn d`wzd` nzb~v` zavg oi all ~gzg

loeg [òlo{! Gygz jglogygz cggft vb zg-mgmjgz v`g ~bzft bi [awl vb v`g d`wzd`

av Zbmg# “Ibz ‐~`bgygz dallt bc v`g

camg bi v`g Lbzf tàll jg taygf#‟ @b~

v`gc tàll v`g dall bc @om oc ~`bm v`g

àyg cbv jglogygf2 Acf `b~ tàll v`g

jglogyg oc @om bi ~`bm v`g àyg cbv

`gazf2 Acf `b~ tàll v`g `gaz ~ov`-

bwv a {zgad`gz2” (Zbmact 1;814,16/#Ov t`bwlf jg cbvgf vàv [gvgz qwbvgf v`g

tamg {zb{`gd izbm Hbgl :8:0-4:, at g

gp{laocgf v`g gygcvt bi [gcvgdbtv# @g

wzngf v`btg ~`b ~gzg dwv vb v`g gazv vb

zg{gcv acf jg ja{voxgf ibz v`g zgmottobc

bi toct (Advt :840/#

V`gzg dac jg cb fbwjv vàv [gvgz

v`bwn`v zg{gcvocn acf jgocn ja{voxgf

oc twjmottobc vb v`g awv`bzov bi Hgtwt

ibz v`g zgmottobc bi toct ~at v`g mgact

bi dallocn bc v`g Lbzf# Cb ~bcfgz bwz

Lbzf, oc @ot mazdòcn bzfgzt ibz @ot

fotdo{lgt, dlgazl taof vb {zgad` v`g Nbt-

{gl vb gygz {gztbc wcfgz `gaygc, tocdg

v`btg ~`b jglogyg acf azg ja{voxgf ~oll

jg taygf, acf v`btg ~`b fb cbv jglogyg

~oll jg lbtv (Maze 19817,19/#[awl v`bwn`v ov ~at tb om{bzvacv

vb vgll bv`gzt v`g vzwv` bcg àf lgazcgf

vàv `g gqwavgf twd` ~ov` jgocn iaov`-

iwl# “Acf v`g vòcnt vàv bw àyg gazf

izbm mg ambcn mac ~ovcgttgt, dbmmov

v`gtg vb iaovìwl mgc ~`b ~oll jg ajlg vb

vgad bv`gzt altb” (: Vombv` :8:/#

V`gzg dac jg cb fbwjv vàv v`gLbzf ~acvt @ot d`wzd` vb nb ibzv` ~ov`

v`g tayocn mgttang# V`g gazl d`wzd`,

tdavvgzgf j {gztgdwvobc, tvoll “~gcv

gygz~`gzg {zgadòcn v`g ~bzf”

(Advt 086/# [òllo{ ~at hwtv bcg gpam-

{lg ~`b zgdbncoxgf v`g Lbzf‟t fgtozg

acf giigdvoygl taof, “@gzg am O, tgcf

mg#” Jgdawtg bi ot ~ollocn zgt{bctg,v`g Gvòb{oac cbjlgmac lgazcgf v`g

vzwv` ajbwv Hgtwt, ~at ja{voxgf, acf

~gcv bc òt ~a zghbodocn# O vzwtv ~g

~oll loeg~otg azotg acf nb ibzv` {zb-

dlaomocn v`g nbbf cg~t#

Naz D# @am{vbc ot v`g Fozgdvbz bi GatvVgccgttgg Td`bbl bi [zgadòcn acf

Mottobct oc Ecbpyollg, Vgccgttgg, WTA#

@gzg Am O, Tgcf MgNaz D# @am{vbc



79


Jwzngz Eocn acf Glgygc Dgcvt Tvgyg @onnocjbvàm

Latv ~gge av bwz foccgz vajlg, ~g àf a fotdwttobc bc D`zotvoac gvòdt ~ov`

bwz bwcngtv tbc, ~`b ot oc ibwzv` nzafg# @g àf jgcgiovgf bc a `bmg~bze

nzafg jgdawtg òt vgad`gz àf bygzlbbegf a motvaeg `g àf mafg bc bcg bi òt

qwgtvobct# M ~oig acf O gp{laocgf `b~ `g ~bwlf ~acv v`g vgad`gz vb dbzzgdv

v`g motvaeg oi ov ~atc‟v oc òt iaybz, v`gzgibzg, ov ~at bcl iaoz vàv `g ocibzm v`g

vgad`gz bi v`g motvaeg vàv ~at oc òt iaybz# Ov ~at cbv ac gat vate vb noyg a

bwcn jb, vb vgll a vgad`gz vàv `g àf mafg a motvaeg, acf iwzv`gz, a motvaeg

vàv ~bwlf lb~gz òt nzafg…jwv vb òt dzgfov, `g ta~ v`g ottwg av tvaeg, acf `g

fof v`g zon`v vòcn v`g cgpv fa# Ov ~atc‟v tb mwd` ajbwv a ?6' bz ?:' bc a`bmg~bze attoncmgcv, jwv ov ~at ajbwv fotdo{lgtò{, ibllb~ocn Hgtwt, acf fbocn

v`g zon`v vòcn, cb mavvgz ~àv#

Cb~, ibz v`g zgtv bi v`g tvbz…_bw ecb~, ov‟t zav`gz foiiodwlv vb vgad` tbmg-

bcg gltg vb fb zon`v ~`gc bw azgc‟v fbocn zon`v bwztgli# V`g fotdwttobc ~g

àf ~ov` bwz tbc, v`g lbnod ~g wtgf, acf v`g tdzo{vwzal {zocdo{lg vb “{zbyofg all

vòcnt `bcgtv oc v`g ton`v bi all mgc” (Zbmact 1:81>/ dbcyodvgf mg# _bw tgg,

hwtv a fa gazlogz, O fotdbygzgf, aivgz fzoyocn a~a izbm v`g fzoyg-v`zw ~ocfb~ av

Jwzngz Eocn, vàv v`g àf noygc mg 11 dgcvt vbb mwd` oc dàcng# Av v`g vomg,

m mocf ~gcv jade vb all v`g vomgt v`g af mgttgf w{ m bzfgz acf fofc‟v noyg

mg ~àv O àf ategf ibz, tb O fzbyg bc#

@b~gygz, v`g dbwzang acf v`g dbfg bi gvòdt {bttgttgf j a lovvlg 1;-gaz-blf

jb gmjblfgcgf mg vb fzoyg jade vb v`g Jwzngz Eocn fzoyg-v`zw acf zgvwzc 11 dgcvt

vb v`g datògz# @gz zgt{bctg ~at cbv ~àv O àf omanocgf ov ~bwlf jg# V`gzg ~at

cb “Vàce bw!” V`gzg ~at cb “_bw fofc‟v cggf vb fb vàv#” Oc iadv, t`g fofc‟v

ta a ~bzf# Oi v`gzg ~at ac zgadvobc av all, ov ~at, at jgtv O dbwlf vgll, a lbbe bi

accbacdg, acf v`gc t`g vwzcgf `gz jade# O mwtv afmov vàv ibz a jzogi mbmgcv v`g

v`bwn`v ilat`gf v`zbwn` m mocf vàv oi O af ecb~c t`g ~at nbocn vb adv vàv ~a,O ~bwlfc‟v àyg jbv`gzgf ~ov` ov# Jwv zgatbc qwodel zgvwzcgf, acf O adecb~lgfngf

vb mtgli vàv fbocn ~àv bw azg tw{{btgf vb fb oc v`g ioztv {ladg fbgtc‟v fgtgzyg

t{gdoal avvgcvobc acf {zaotg…jwv vàv‟t acbv`gz tvbz ibz acbv`gz vomg#

Izogcft, Hgtwt gp{gdvt wt vb fb v`g zon`v vòcn ~`gv`gz ov ocyblygt 11 dgcvt

bz glgygc `wcfzgf fbllazt bz ~`gv`gz bw azg vàcegf bz oncbzgf# Noyg ov tbmg

v`bwn`v# “Acf a lovvlg dòlf tàll lgaf v`gm” (Otaoa` 1189/#

Tvgyg @onnocjbvàm {zgad`gt ibz v`g Eazct D`wzd` bi D`zotv oc Ecbpyollg, Vgccgt-

tgg, WTA#



70


^`y Tàzg v`g Nbt{gl2 Fac Z# B~gc

V`g vovlg bi bwz lgttbc

ma tggm a jov zofodwlbwt,

jwv bwz dwlvwzal mocf-tgv

àt mafg ov cgdgttaz#

Bwz dwlvwzg ot ibdwtgf

bc v`g twiigzocnt bi vòt

~bzlf acf bwz giibzvt av

zglogyocn vàv twiigzocn#All {gb{lg gygz~`gzg

anzgg vàv ov ot nbbf vb

zglogyg `wmac twiigzocn

oc vòt loig, jwv D`zotvoact

jglogyg oc loig jgbcf

vòt ~bzlf# g jglogyg

vàv v`g twiigzocnt bi v`g

{zgtgcv azg cbv ~bzv` vb jg dbm{azgf vb v`g nlbz

vàv ot dbmocn ibz Nbf‟t

{gb{lg (Zbmact 0810/#

Tb, ~` mwtv ~g

tàzg v`g mgttang bi

Nbf‟t zgfgm{voyg ~bze

~ov` a ~bzlf vàv ot tb

tgdwlaz oc ovt vòceocn2

^g mwtv tàzg v`g Nbt{gl jgdawtg {gb{lg azg lbtv, t{ozovwall#

All àyg toccgf, acf fb toc# Toc tg{azavgt `wmac jgocnt izbm Nbf# V`g

hwtvodg bi Nbf fgmacft vàv ~zbcn-fbocn jg {wcot`gf# V`g ~ang bi toc ot

gvgzcal fgav`# Jgocn lbtv mgact jgocn “~ov`bwv `b{g acf ~ov`bwv Nbf oc v`g

~bzlf” (G{`gtoact :81:/# Jgocn lbtv mgact iadocn gvgzcal {wcot`mgcv# [gb{lg

gygz~`gzg azg lbtv jgdawtg bi toc# V`g Nbt{gl ot v`g bcl zgmgf#

^g mwtv tàzg v`g Nbt{gl jgdawtg ov ot nbbf cg~t# Ov ot cg~t

bi Nbf‟t lbyg ibz lbtv `wmacov# V`g Nbt{gl ot cg~t bi Nbf‟t ~bcfgziwl



7?


~bze bi zgfgm{vobc# V`g Nbt{gl ot cg~t bi nzadg, mgzd, acf ibznoygcgtt vàv

azg ayaolajlg oc D`zotv# V`g Nbt{gl ot cg~t ajbwv izggfbm izbm nwolv# V`g

Nbt{gl vgllt {gb{lg `b~ vb addg{v v`gtg ~bcfgziwl vòcnt, biigzgf vb v`gm j

v`goz Dzgavbz# V`g Nbt{gl ot v`g ~bcfgziwl cg~t ajbwv `b~ mac acf Nbf dac~ale v`zbwn` v`g ~bzlf vbngv`gz# V`g Nbt{gl jzocnt `b{g bi gvgzcal loig ~ov`

Nbf# g mwtv tàzg ov jgdawtg ov ot v`g jgtv cg~t gygz! “@b~ jgawvoiwl w{bc

v`g mbwcvaoct azg v`g iggv bi v`btg ~`b jzocn nbbf cg~t” (Otaoa` 7:8>/#

^g mwtv tàzg v`g Nbt{gl jgdawtg Nbf‟t ^bzf ot v`g eocnfbm

tggf# Nbf daccbv zwlg ac loig a{azv izbm @ot bzf# Bcl ~`gc v`g bzf ot

addg{vgf oc a wmac gazv dac Nbf jgnoc vb vaeg bygz v`g v`bwn`vt acf advobct

bi ac ocfoyofwal# g mwtv {lacv v`g tggf jgdawtg v`g {b~gz vb vzactibzm loygt

ot oc v`g tggf, v`g {b~gz bi zgngcgzavobc acf t{ozovwal loig# V`g tggf ot v`g

fbbz~a v`zbwn` ~òd` Nbf naoct addgtt vb `wmac loygt# Vàv ot ~` ~g

mwtv egg{ {lacvocn v`g tggf oc gygz {bttojlg ~a# Hgtwt gp{laocgf, “Cb~ v`g

{azajlg ot vòt8 V`g tggf ot v`g ~bzf bi Nbf (Lweg 0811/5 “### `g ~`b zgdgoygf

tggf bc v`g nbbf nzbwcf ot `g ~`b `gazt v`g ~bzf acf wcfgztvacft ov, ~`b

ocfggf jgazt izwov acf {zbfwdgt8 tbmg a `wcfzgfiblf, tbmg topv, tbmg vòzv”

(Mavv`g~ 148:4/#

^g mwtv tàzg v`g Nbt{gl oc bzfgz vb zgaloxg bwz {wz{btg oc loig#

V`g gvgzcal {wz{btg bi Nbf ot v`g talyavobc bi tbwlt oc D`zotv# V`g zotgc D`zotv

nayg v`g Nzgav Dbmmottobc vb @ot d`wzd` jgdawtg ov ot Nbf‟t {lac vàv v`gNbt{gl jg t{zgaf vb v`g gcft bi v`g gazv`# @g gcvzwtvgf vb @ot fotdo{lgt vàv

zgt{bctojolov8 “Nb ocvb all v`g ~bzlf acf {zgad` v`g nbt{gl vb gygz dzgavwzg#

@g ~`b jglogygt acf ot ja{voxgf ~oll jg taygf5 jwv `g ~`b fbgt cbv jglogyg

~oll jg dbcfgmcgf” (Maze 19817,19/# ^`gc ~g àyg ac {azv oc tàzocn v`g

tayocn mgttang ~ov` bv`gzt, ~g azg {azvodo{avocn oc v`g gvgzcal {wz{btg bi Nbf#

^g azg iwliollocn bwz zgatbc ibz jgocn lgiv oc vòt ~bzlf, vb tòcg v`g lon`v ibz

v`btg ~`b bv`gz~otg ~bwlf loyg acf fog oc fazecgtt! Bcl j àyocn a {azv oc

vòt mottobc dac ~g iwlioll bwz zgal {wz{btg bc vòt gazv`# ^g mwtv tàzg v`g Nbt{gl jgdawtg {gb{lg azg lbtv ~ov`bwv ov,

jgdawtg ov ot v`g nzgavgtv cg~t oc v`g òtvbz bi v`g {lacgv, jgdawtg v`g

^bzf bi Nbf ot v`g tggf bi v`g eocnfbm, acf jgdawtg bcl oc tàzocn v`g

Nbt{gl fb ~g zgaloxg bwz {wz{btg ibz loyocn# Fbc‟v allb~ v`g tgdwlaz ~bzlf

vb fotvzadv bw izbm bwz vzwg mottobc8 v`g tàzocn bi v`g Nbt{gl tb vàv tbwlt

ma jg taygf gvgzcall!

Fac Z# B~gc ~bzet ~ov` v`g Jzbaf~a dbcnzgnavobc oc [afwda`, Egcvwde, WTA#



9;


V`g tgzyacvt bi v`g Almon`v

Nbf azg av ~az ~ov` Tavac vbfa

acf àyg jggc tocdg v`g jgnoccocn

bi vomg# Vòt ~az ot zgal# V`g ion`v

ot ibz v`g tbwlt bi mgc mafg oc v`g

omang bi Nbf#

V`gzg dac jg cb dbm{zbmotg ~ov`v`g `btv bi `gll# V`g javvlg zangt vbfa,

acf tbmg ~bwlf ta v`g javvlg daccbv

jg ~bc# V`g aff v av ~g lade v`g

mac{b~gz, v`g iocacdgt, acf v`g ~oll

vb ion`v vb v`g fgav`# Vòt ma jg vzwg

ibz tbmg at v`g locngz oc ocfgdotobc,

{wv v`goz vzwtv oc `wmac ~otfbm acf

ocvgllgdv, acf tgge vb jg izogcft ~ov` a~bzlf vàv àvgt v`g ~a bi Nbf#

Ov mwtv jg taof vàv ~g daccbv

noyg w{, cbz ~oll ~g noyg oc# Mollobct

bi bwz igllb~ mgc ~acv vb `gaz v`g

dlgaz, tom{lg mgttang bi v`g eocnfbm

bi Nbf, ~òlg tggmocnl tbmg oc

a nzgav jzbv`gz`bbf àyg vwzcgf vb

{b{wlaz {zbnzamt bi v`g mbmgcv,

a {la bc cwmjgzt, acf v`g mbyocn

mgttang bi `galocn v`g jbf acf cbv

v`g tbwl# Hgtwt ~azcgf, “Acf fb

cbv igaz v`btg ~`b eoll v`g jbf jwv

daccbv eoll v g tbwl# Jwv zav`gz igaz

@om ~`b ot ajlg vb fgtvzb jbv` tbwl

acf jbf oc `gll” (Mavv`g~ 1;8:0/ #

V`g nbal mwtv jg vb wtg v`g xgal

acf ajolov bi a ~bcfgziwl jzbv`gz`bbf

vb maeg nzgav {lact j lbdal d`wzd`gt#V`gc, ~g mwtv àyg v`g ~oll, ~ov`

{avogcdg, vb tva v`g dbwztg oc {lacvocn

v`g tggf bi Nbf‟t eocnfbm, jwolfocn

nzgav d`wzd`gt oc gygz cavobc bc gazv`#

V`g cwmjgzt ~gzg ig~ oc v`g ioztv

dgcvwz, jwv Nbf ~gcv jgibzg v`gm

vb vaeg v`g tayocn mgttang vb a lbtv

~bzlf# Vbfa, v`gzg ot v`g tamg Nbfacf v`g tamg Nbt{gl, acf mac azg

dbmmovvgf vb ion`v v`g javvlg ~ov` v`g

attwzacdg vàv yodvbz ~oll dbmg cb~

acf oc gvgzcov (Mavv`g~ :0810-:;/#

@azyg M# Tvazlocn àt jggc ocyblygf ocmottobc giibzvt ibz mac gazt, v`g latvtgygzal gazt jgocn ibdwtgf {zomazol

oc Zbmacoa#

^g Azg ^g Azgav âz!av âz!

@azyg M# Tvazlocn



@b~ Fb _bw Mgatwzg W{2

46# ^`gc @g af dallgf v`g {gb{lg vb @omtgli,

~ov` @ot fotdo{lgt altb, @g taof vb v`gm, “^`b

gygz fgtozgt vb dbmg aivgz Mg, lgv òm fgc

òmtgli, acf vaeg w{ òt dzbtt, acf ibllb~

Mg#

47 “Ibz ~`bgygz fgtozgt vb tayg òt loig ~oll

lbtg ov, jwv ~`bgygz lbtgt òt loig ibz M

taeg acf v`g nbt{gl‟t ~oll tayg ov#

49 “Ibz ~àv ~oll ov {zbfiv a mac oi `g naoct

v`g ~`blg ~bzlf, acf lbtgt òt b~c tbwl2

4># “Bz ~àv ~oll a mac

noyg oc gpdàcng

ibz òt tbwl2”

~ Maze 0846-4>



9:

~bztò{

O tw{{btg ~g all zgaloxg vàv t{b-

egc ~bzft fza~ mgcval {odvwzgt# Oi

tbmgbcg tat “fbn”, ~g yotwaloxg a

fbn oc bwz mocf# Bz oi bv`gz ~bzft

azg t{begc, v`g all dzgavg zgtwlvocnomangt# Gygc ajtvzadv ~bzft fza~

mgcval {odvwzgt# Ibz octvacdg, oi O ta

v`g ~bzf “~bztò{,” a yotwal gcvgzt

bwz mocf# Acf, fg{gcfocn bc bwz zg-

lonobwt w{jzocnocn bz dwzzgcv wcfgz-

tvacfocn, ~g gad` ~oll àyg a mgcval

{odvwzg bi ~àv ov mgact vb ~bztò{#

O ~at zaotgf oc v`g d`wzd` bi D`zotv# ^`gc O yotwaloxg v`g ~bzf

“~bztò{”, O tgg a vzafovobcal tgvvocn

~ov` a {zgad`gz {zgadòcn òt `gazv

bwv vb ac awfogcdg ~ov` Jojlgt b{gc

oc v`goz la{t# O omanocg a tbmjgz vbcg

at v`g Lbzf‟t Tw{{gz ot {attgf acf

{azvaegc, acf à{{ogz vbcgt ~`gc v`g

tbcnt azg twcn#

^g all àyg tbmg eocf bi mgcval

{odvwzg bi ~àv ov mgact vb ~bztò{#

Fg{gcfocn bc jadenzbwcf, ~`gc bw

vòce bi ~bztò{ bw ma vòce bi

dlattodal tadzgf mwtod, zovwalotvod lov-

wzn, zbjgf dlgzn, gvd# Majg bw

~gzg zaotgf oc a dàzotmavod tgvvocn

acf bw gcyotobc a tdgcg ~ov` àcft

zaotgf, ggt dlbtgf, bz gygc tbmg-

vòcn mbzg advoyg (àcft dla{{ocn,

iggv mbyocn, t`bwvt bi “@allglwha`!”

acf “Amgc!”/# [gzà{t ibz bv`gzt,

v`g ~bzf jzocnt omangt bi {gb{lgtovvocn qwogvl oc a d`wzd` jwolfocn

~ov` v`goz `gaft jb~gf, {zaocn bz

mgfovavocn, bz gygc tbmgbcg jb~ocn

fb~c bz ecgglocn#

Jgdawtg {gb{lg àyg tb mac

foiigzgcv ofgat bi ~àv ~bztò{ lbbet

loeg, igglt loeg, acf ot loeg, O vòce ov

~bwlf tgzyg bwz {wz{btg vb ioztv fg-iocg ~bzft# ^àv azg ~g fbocn

~`gc ~g ~bztò{2 ^àv azg ~g fb-

ocn ~`gc ~g tocn acf {za at ac ay-

gcwg bi ~bztò{2 ^àv maegt v`btg,

at ~gll at v`g bv`gz advobct bi ~bztò{

“~bztò{”2

^bztò{ ot v`g adv bi avvzojwv-

ocn wlvomavg ~bzv` vb tbmgvòcn#

Zgnazflgtt bi ~`gv`gz bwz ~bztò{

ot fozgdvgf vb ac bjhgdv, a {gztbc, a

fgov, bz gygc ac ofga ‖ ~bztò{ ot

yalwocn bcg vòcn ajbyg gygzvòcn

gltg# bztò{ ot lovgzall “~bzv`-

tò{”# ^`gc ~g ~bztò{, oc vòt datg

‖ Nbf ‖ ~g azg {zbdlaomocn vàv

@g àt v`g nzgavgtv {bttojlg ~bzv`#

^bztò{Tàc Hadetbc



~bztò{

94

bztò{{ocn Nbf ot ac adecb~lgfng-

mgcv vàv @g ot ajbyg bwz nblf, tol-

ygz, hg~glt, `bwtgt, lacf, acf gygz-

vòcn gltg# ^`gc ~g ~bztò{ Nbf~g azg taocn @ot {b~gz gpdggft vàv

bi gygz eocn, {zgtofgcv, bz fodvavbz

oc òtvbz# ^`gc ~g ~bztò{ Nbf

~g t`b~ vàv v`g nlbz bi @ot `blo-

cgtt bwvtòcgt twc, mbbc, acf tvazt#

^`gc ~g ~bztò{ Nbf ~g azg taocn

vàv cbvòcn dbm{azgt vb @om# @g ot

ajbyg all, acf @g ot nzgavgz vàc all#

Gygzvòcn oc dzgavobc {algt vb octon-

coiodacdg cgpv vb v`g tbygzgonc Lbzf

bi v`g wcoygztg#

Dbcdgzcocn ~bztò{, v`g Jojlg

fgdlazgt8

“V`bw azv ~bzv`, B Lbzf,

vb zgdgoyg nlbz acf `bcbz

acf {b~gz8 ibz v`bw àt dzg-

avgf all vòcnt, acf ibz v`

{lgatwzg v`g azg acf ~gzg

dzgavgf” (Zgyglavobc 6811/#

“…^bzv` ot v`g Lamj vàv

~at tlaoc, vb zgdgoyg {b~gz,

acf zod`gt, acf ~otfbm, acf

tvzgcnv`, acf `bcbz, acf

nlbz, acf jlgttocn”(Zgy-glavobc 781:/#

Nbf albcg ot tw{zgmgl ~bzv`

bi bwz {zaotg, bwz lbyg, bwz fgybvobc,

acf bwz tgzyodg# @g albcg ot ~bzv`,

cbv bcl jgdawtg bi ~`b @g ot, jwv

altb jgdawtg bi ~àv @g àt fbcg#

Jwv ~bztò{ ot cbv hwtv maeocn ac bj-

hgdvoyg hwfnmgcv vàv bcg vòcn gpdglt

all bv`gzt ‖ ov ot advoygl fgtozocn acf

tggeocn aivgz vàv vòcn# Vb ~bztò{

tbmgvòcn ot vb maeg v`g {wztwov bi ov

v`g bygzzofocn nbal bi bwz loig# Vàvot ~àv Hgtwt ~at valeocn ajbwv ~`gc

@g taof, “Acf v`bw tàlv lbyg v`g Lbzf

v` Nbf ~ov` all v` `gazv, acf ~ov`

all v` tbwl, acf ~ov` all v` mocf, acf

~ov` all v` tvzgcnv`”(Maze 1:84;/#

Vàv ot ~bztò{ ‖ yalwocn tbmgvòcn

tb òn`l vàv ~g noyg gygzvòcn ~g

àyg ibz ov# bztò{ ot altb vzgatwz-

ocn v`g vòcnt bi Nbf tb òn`l vàv

~g ~oll noyg gygzvòcn ~g àyg oc

gpdàcng ibz v`gm# ^bztò{ ot ac av-

vovwfg vàv tat, ~àvgygz ov vaegt ibz

mg vb ecb~ Nbf, O ~oll fb#

Cb~, O {btg vòt qwgtvobc8 Ot ov

{bttojlg vb ~bztò{ tbmgbcg bz

tbmgvòcn bv`gz vàc Nbf2 Gygc

v`g mbtv caâyg zgaloxg vàv twd` avòcn dac jg fbcg# Oc iadv, gygzbcg

~bztò{t tbmgvòcn, jgdawtg Nbf

dzgavgf wt vb jg ~bztò{{gzt# Gygc

oi ~g zgiwtg vb ~bztò{ Nbf, ~g ~oll

jg fzoygc vb iocf tbmgvòcn gltg vb

~bztò{# Ov ot cbv a mavvgz bi ~`gv`gz

~g ~oll ~bztò{ ‖ jwv ~àv ~g ~oll

~bztò{ (Zbmact 18:1-:7/#Mac bi wt loyg oc a {zgfbmo-

cacvl tgdwlaz tbdogv, tb ~g ma cbv

tgg {gb{lg lovgzall jb~ocn fb~c jg-

ibzg ofblt# Octvgaf, bwz dwlvwzg vgcft

vb ~bztò{ bv`gz vòcnt (o#g# mbcg,

twddgtt, {`todal jgawv, `galv`, zgd-

zgavobc, gvd#/ ^àvgygz ~g bznacoxg

bwz loygt azbwcf, ~àvgygz ~g {wv



~bztò{

96

ioztv, ~àvgygz ~g tgge ajbyg all gltg,

vàv ot ~àv ~g ~bztò{# Iwcfamgc-

vall, ~g azg j cavwzg ~bztò{{gzt bi

tgli, tggeocn aivgz bwz b~c ~gliazgacf à{{ocgtt at v`g nzgavgtv nbbf oc

loig# Tb v`g Nbf-noygc fzoyg vb ~bz-

tò{ ot {gzygzvgf acf ot vwzcgf vb~azf

ovtgli, v`wt jgdbmocn v`g wzng vb maeg

bcgtgli a nbf, vb {ladg bcgtgli av v`g

dgcvgz bi v`g wcoygztg (@wmacotm/#

V`gzgibzg, ~g mwtv ate8 @b~

fb ~g ~bztò{2 ^àv eocf bi ~bz-

tò{ {lgatgt Nbf2 Ioztv bi all, vzwg

~bztò{ dbmgt izbm v`g `gazv# Nbf-

{lgatocn ~bztò{ ot ac bygzilb~ bi

v`g `gazv (Hb`c 681?-:6/# ^àv fbgt

vòt mgac2 Ov mgact vàv Nbf fbgt

cbv dazg ajbwv ~`gzg ~g azg ~`gc ~g

~bztò{, bz ~àv eocf bi jwolfocn ~g

~bztò{ oc# @g ot cbv ibblgf j bwv-

~azf dozdwmtvacdgt# Zav`gz, Nbf otocvgzgtvgf oc bwz `gazv# Oi bwz zglonobc

ot gpvgzcal bcl, oi ~g iocf bwztglygt

tom{l nbocn v`zbwn` v`g mbvobct,

bwz advobct mon`v jg nbbf, jwv v`g

azg cbv ~bztò{#

Oi ~g azg cbv ~bztò{ocn Nbf

izbm bwz `gazv, ov fbgt cbv addbm-

{lot` acvòcn bv`gz vàc {attocnvomg# bztò{ vàv ot cbv izbm v`g

`gazv ot gm{v acf ~bzv`lgtt# Nbf ot

cbv ocvgzgtvgf oc {tgwfb-~bztò{ ‖

@g ~acvt bcl vzwg ~bztò{# V`g zgal

vòcn ‖ vàv ot ~àv Nbf fgmacft

acf ot gcvovlgf vb#

V`g bcl eocf bi ~bztò{gzt Nbf

àt ac wtg ibz azg v`btg ~`b ~bztò{

@om izbm v`g `gazv, oc t{ozov acf oc

vzwv`# Oi Nbf fbgt cbv ayg bwz gazv,

v`gc cbvòcn gltg ~g fb mavvgzt# Oi

~g azg tocnocn, {zaocn, gvd#, jwv bwz `gazv ot dblf bz gygc lweg~azm, v`gc

~g azg cbv ~bztò{ocn Nbf addg{v-

ajl bz dbzzgdvl# ^àv v`gc fb ~g fb

oi ~g iocf bwztglygt oc vòt {btovobc2

^àv v`gc fb ~g fb oi ~g zgaloxg

vàv bwz jbf ot ~`gzg ov ot tw{{btgf

vb jg, bwz mbwv` ot, ibz octvacdg, tocn-

ocn v`g ~bzft, bwz gazt azg lotvgcocn,

bwz iadg ot tmolocn, jwv bwz `gazv ot

cbv gcnangf2 ^àv oi v`g advobc

ot dbmocn ibzv` ‖ jwv cbv izbm v`g

`gazv2

Lgv mg mgcvobc acbv`gz vòcn

~òd` ma jg om{gfocn bwz ~bz-

tò{# Oi ~g zgaloxg vàv cb mavvgz

~àv ~g fb ~g daccbv tggm vb iocf

gczod`mgcv oc bwz ~bztò{, v`gc ~gma cggf vb dlgaz a~a tbmg bi v`g

wcfgzjzwt`# V`gzg ma jg toc oc bwz

loig ~òd` ~g àyg cbv dbcigttgf vb

Nbf# V`gzg ot cbvòcn mbzg dgzvaoc

vb jlbde bwz ajolov vb ~bztò{ izbm

v`g `gazv vàc wcdbcigttgf acf wczg-

{gcvgf toc# Ov ot wtglgtt vb vz vb ~bz-

tò{ Nbf ~`gc bwz `gazv ot àzfgcgfanaoctv @om# Cbvòcn ~oll dàcng ‖

cb mavvgz b~ lbcn ~g {za# Cbvòcn

~oll dàcng wcvol ~g zg{gcv# g dac-

cbv ~bztò{ izbm v`g `gazv oi ~g azg

cbv bjgocn izbm v`g `gazv#

Jwv ~àv oi bwz `gazv ot cbv àzf-

gcgf anaoctv Nbf2 ^àv oi v`gzg ot

tbmgvòcn vàv cggft vb jg affzgttgf



~bztò{

97

jgv~ggc bw acf tbmgbcg gltg oc v`g

jbf bi D`zotv2 Oi vàv ot v`g datg, v gc

~g cggf vb ngv ov zon`v jgibzg ~g dac

~bztò{# Oi ~g dbmg, àyocn a dbc-ilodv ~ov` acbv`gz, v`gc ~g azg cbv nb-

ocn vb jg ajlg vb ~bztò{ dbzzgdvl# Oi

~g zgaloxg vàv v`gzg ot ac wczgtblygf

ottwg jgv~ggc wt acf acbv`gz, ~g dac-

cbv aiibzf vb tom{l ~aov ibz ov vb nb

a~a# Zgdbcdoloavobc ot a {zgzgqwotovg

ibz awv`gcvod ~bztò{# Lotvgc vb Hgtwt8

“V`gzgibzg, oi v`bw jzocn v` noiv vb v`g

alvaz, acf v`gzg zgmgmjgzgtv vàv v`

jzbv`gz àt bwn`v anaoctv v`gg, lgayg

v`gzg v` noiv jgibzg v`g alvaz, acf nb

v` ~a5 ioztv jg zgdbcdolgf vb v`

jzbv`gz5 acf v`gc dbmg acf biigz v`

noiv” (Mavv`g~ 78:4-:6/#

^g ~oll jg wcajlg vb ~bztò{

Nbf oc t{ozov acf vzwv` oi tbmgvòcn

gltg, bz tbmgbcg gltg, àt ioztv {ladgoc bwz `gazv# Oi vàv ot v`g datg, ~g

~bc‟v jg ajlg vb ~bztò{ Nbf at @g

~acvt jgdawtg v`gzg ot zbbm oc bwz

`gazv ibz bcl bcg “ioztv”# Ioztv {ladg

àt vb jg bddw{ogf j @om#

Iocall, ~` ~bztò{2 V`gzg

azg tgygzal zgatbct8 Nbf dbmmacft

acf ocyovgt wt vb ~bztò{# Bwz ~bz-tò{ ot dgzvaocl {zomazol ibz Nbf,

jwv ~bztò{ ot altb vb gcdbwzang wt

acf loiv bwz t{ozovt# Vzwg ~bztò{ ~oll

altb jg a vzactibzmocn wzng# Vzwg

~bztò{ ‖ ~bztò{ vàv dbmgt izbm

v`g `gazv, ~bztò{ oc t{ozov acf vzwv`

‖ ot vzactibzmocn# Ov dàcngt wt acf

dawtgt wt vb tgge dàcng# Ov ot `w-

mac cavwzg vàv ~g jgdbmg loeg vàv

~òd` ~g ~bztò{# g jgdbmg loeg

vàv ~òd` ~g yalwg v`g mbtv# V`btg

~`b ~bztò{ Nbf ~oll jgdbmg loegNbf v`zbwn` D`zotv‟t gpam{lg# Oi ~g

zgnwlazl vwzc bwz `gazv vb~azf Nbf

oc ~bztò{ ~g ~oll, bygz vomg, jg dbc-

ibzmgf vb @ot dàzadvgz, @ot yalwgt,

@ot ~otfbm, acf @ot {b~gz# V`g

mbzg ~g dbcvgm{lavg v`g foyocg ca-

vwzg bi Nbf, v`g mbzg ~g loiv @om w{#

^bztò{{ocn Nbf ot bwz maoc

amjovobc acf bjlonavobc# Hgtwt zg-

mocft wt vàv “Nbf ot a t{ozov”# At

twd`, @g mwtv jg ~bztò{{gf “oc

t{ozov acf oc vzwv`”# Bwz ~bztò{

mwtv jg ~ov` v`g dbzzgdv avvovwfg (oc

t{ozov/ acf oc addbzfacdg ~ov` Nbf‟t

bzf (oc vzwv`/# V`g Iav`gz “tggegv`

twd` (vzwg ~bztò{{gzt/ vb ~bztò{

òm” (Hb`c 68:4,:6/#

Tàc Hadetbc {zgad`gt ibz v`g d`wzd`bi D`zotv oc [bzv Layada, Vgpat, WTA#

“Jwv v`g `bwz ot dbmocn,

acf cb~ ot, ~`gc v`g vzwg

~bztò{gzt ~oll ~bztò{

v`g Iav`gz oc t{ozov acf vzwv`5 ibz v`g Iav`gz ot

tggeocn twd` vb ~bztò{

@om# Nbf ot T{ozov, acf

v`btg ~`b ~bztò{ @om

mwtv ~bztò{ oc t{ozov acf

vzwv`#” (Hb`c 68:4,:6/



~bztò{

99

_gazt anb, bcg `gazf mac tgz-

mbct bc v`g om{bzvacdg bi {wjlod

~bztò{# [gzà{t mac bi wt iglv vàv

ov ~at jgdbmocn zgfwcfacv acf lbcngf

vb `gaz tbmgv ocn gltg# Zgfwcfacv bz

cbv, {wjlod ~bztò{ ot om{bzvacv# V`g

@gjzg~t ~zovgz wzngt, “cbv cgnlgdv-

ocn vb mggv vbngv`gz, at ot v`g àjov bi

tbmg, jwv gcdbwzanocn bcg acbv`gz,

acf all v`g mbzg at bw tgg v`g Fa

fza~ocn cgaz” (@gjzg~t 1;8:7/#

Ov tggmt dlgaz vb mg vàv vb attgm-

jlg vbngv`gz ot a D`zotvoac fwv# Bcg

dac azfl ibzngv vàv D`zotv izgqwgcvgf

v`g tcanbnwgt acf Vgm{lg5 vàv @ot

fotdo{lgt ~gzg attgmjlgf ~`gc Hgtwt

a{{gazgf vb v`gm aivgz @ot zgtwzzgdvobc5

vàv v`g ~gzg attgmjlgf av v`g fa bi

[gcvgdbtv5 vàv [awl ~aovgf av Vzbat wc-

vol v`g jzgv`zgc damg vbngv`gz, gvd# V`g

tamg {avvgzc bi “cbv cgnlgdvocn vb mggv

vbngv`gz” t`bwlf {zgyaol vbfa#

Tbmg ~`b {zbigtt avvad`mgcv

vb D`zotv‟t dawtg cgnlgdv mbzg at-

tgmjlogt vàc v`g avvgcf# g fb cbv~bcfgz vàv wcjglogygzt tva a~a,

bz vàv v`btg ~`b àyg iallgc oc lbyg

~ov` v`g ~bzlf fb cbv àyg ac zglot`

ibz twd` nav`gzocnt, jwv mac ~`b azg

{zbigttgf D`zotvoact azg altb nwolv bi

vòt# Tbmg àyg jgdbmg bcdg-a-fa

~bztò{{gzt# Bv`gzt dbmg bwv ~`gc

v`g ~gav`gz ot nbbf# Acf tbmg avvgcf

~`gc v`g vaeg a cbvobc# Ov ot bjyobwt

vàv v`gzg ot lovvlg t{ozovwal zglot`# V`goz

zglonobc fgngcgzavgt ocvb a “ibzm bi

nbflocgtt” ~ov` a cbvodgajlg lade bi

hb, fgtozg, bz “~acv vb”#

Nbf fgtgzygt bwz tgzyodg# g

mggv vbngv`gz vb `bcbz @ot camg, vb

zgaf @ot ^bzf, vb fgdlazg @ot {zaotg,

vb zgmgmjgz @ot Tbc# Jwv vb iaol vb

mggv “at ot v`g àjov bi tbmg” ot vb

{bwz dbcvgm{v bc all v`gtg vòcnt#

A iaolwzg vb avvgcf v`g attgmjl

~gaegct v`g d`wzd`# J jgocn vb-

ngv`gz, ~g ibzm a yotojlg jwolfocn, all

v`g tvbcgt wcovgf vbngv`gz# Vb cgnlgdv

vòt ot vb ~gaegc v`g gcgznogt bi v`g

d`wzd` acf fotdbwzang v`g nbfl#

g bwn`v vb mggv vbngv`gz ibz bwz

b~c jgcgiov# Bwz `blocgtt, dbmibzv,

acf wtgiwlcgtt, oc nzgav mgatwzg, fg-

{gcf w{bc twd` tgzyodgt# Bwz ecb~l-

gfng ot gv om{gzigdv, bwz iaov` iggjlg,

bwz `b{g dlbwfgf, bwz lbyg lacnwof#

Oc t`bzv, ~g cggf v`g attgmjl#

Bcg àt twnngtvgf ~g mon`vibztaeg v`g attgmjlocn bi bwztglygtvbngv`gz oi ~g àf “cb mgzdogt vbadecb~lgfng5 cb toct vb dbcigtt, cb

jlgttocnt vb dzayg5 cb gcgmogt vbbygzdbmg5 cb tbwl vb tacdvoi5 cb `gllvb gtda{g5 cb `gaygc vb naoc”#

Hb`c No{tbc ~bzet ~ov` v`g ôcftbcnD`wzd` bi D`zotv oc Lovvlg Zbde, Azeac-

tat, WTA#

Om{bzvacdg bi [wjlod ^bztò{Hb`c No{tbc



~bztò{

9>

Oi bw ~gzg vb ate mg ~àv {azv

bi v`g ~bztò{ tgzyodg O gchb mbtv,

m ommgfoavg zgt{bctg ~bwlf jg v`g

tocnocn# ôv` bcg cbvajlg gpdg{vobc, ov

àt jggc a nzgav hb ibz mg vb loiv m

ybodg, albcn ~ov` m jzgv`zgc, oc {zaotg

vb Nbf tocdg O ~at a tmall dòlf# Vàv jzogi gpdg{vobc bddwzzgf fwzocn v`btg

a~e~azf mbcv`t bi gazl afblgtdgcdg

~`gc m ybodg ~at dàcnocn# Fwg

vb v`g wc{zgfodvajlg tdzggdòcn vàv

~bwlf bc bddatobc dbmg ibzv` izbm

m lo{t, O vgm{bzazol lbtv tbmg bi m

gcv`wtoatm ibz tocnocn# Jwv, v av vomg

atofg, O àyg al~at lbygf vb tocn# Omwtv dbcigtt, v`bwn`, vàv ibz mac bi

v`btg gazt, O iaolgf vb iwll a{{zgdoavg

v`g om{adv vàv tocnocn af bc m iaov`#

O tacn jgdawtg O ~at vawn`v vàv

~g azg dbmmacfgf vb tocn at ac adv bi

~bztò{ (G{`gtoact 781?5 Dblbttoact

4819 gv al#/ Ov ~at mac gazt jgibzg

O zgall wcfgztvbbf all bi v`g {wz{btg

oc vàv dbmmacf# Bwz Dzgavbz acf

Fgtoncgz iwll dbm{zg`gcft v`g

ocvzodadogt bi bwz mocft, acf @g

ecb~t `b~ vb `gl{ wt maeg jgvvgz

wtg bi bwz iadwlvogt# Ibz tbmg zgatbc,

~g tggm vb jg ajlg vb zgmgmjgz iadvt

acf ocibzmavobc mwd` jgvvgz ~`gcv`g azg tgv vb mwtod#

Lgv mg ollwtvzavg vòt vzogf acf vzwg

{zocdo{lg j zgdallocn a vzanod gygcv

izbm vòzv gazt anb# Cbygmjgz 1;,

:;;7, ~at v`g vòzvogv` accoygztaz

bi v`g toceocn bi a izgon`vgz bc Laeg

Tw{gzobz# V`g tò{ ~at camgf v`g

Gfmwcf Iovxngzalf, acf t`g tace cgaz òvgiot` Ja oc a vgzzojlg tvbzm

~ov` `gz gcvozg dzg~ bi :? mgc acf a

daznb bi :9,;;; vbct bi ozbc bzg#

Fwzocn v`g latv vòzv gazt, O‟yg

zgaf cg~t{a{gz addbwcvt bi {zbjajl

`wcfzgft bi mazovomg fotatvgzt# O dac

zgdall ig~ oi ac fgvaolt bi ac bi v`gm,

gygc v`bwn` tbmg bi v`gm zgtwlvgf oc

Mwtv ^g Tocn2Moeg @ocvbc



~bztò{

90

mwd` nzgavgz lbtt bi loig# Jwv v`g fgvaolt

O zglavgf vb bw ajbwv v`g Gfmwcf

Iovxngzalf, at ~gll at tgygzal bv`gz

jovt bi ocibzmavobc ajbwv v`g toceocn,~gzg {wllgf tvzaon`v izbm m mgmbz,

~ov`bwv gygc ayocn vb lbbe v`gm w{#

Tbmg bi bw ~`b azg zgafocn vòt

alzgaf ecb~ ~` O‟m ajlg vb zgdall

v`g iadvt twzzbwcfocn v`g ~zgde bi

v`g Gfmwcf Iovxngzalf# Ov {zbyofgf

v`g oct{ozavobc ibz a ygz {b{wlaz

ible tbcn j zgdbzfocn azvotv Nbzfbc

Lon`vibbv oc 1?>9# O zgmgmjgz v`btg

fgvaolt bi v`g ~zgde jgdawtg O gaz v`g

~bzft bi v`g tbcn oc m mocf#

Vàv tamg {zocdo{lg àt `gl{gf mg

vb mgmbzoxg v`g jbbet bi v`g Jojlg, v`g

camgt bi v`g v~glyg a{btvlgt, acf v`g

jatod iadvt twzzbwcfocn cwmgzbwt Jojlg

tvbzogt# O dac zgaf ajbwv v`gtg gygcvt#

O dac lotvgc vb tgzmbct acf dlattgtgp{bwcfocn bc v`g Jojlg# Jwv cbvòcn

maegt v`g ^bzf tvode oc m mocf at

~gll at tgvvocn v`g fgvaolt vb mwtod acf

tocnocn v`gm bygz acf bygz anaoc#

O‟m cbv twzg oi ov‟t jgdbmocn mbzg

dbmmbc ibz {gb{lg vb tov tolgcvl v zbwn`

v g tbcn tgzyodg, bz oi O am hwtv mbzg

a~azg bi ov# Jwv ov tggmt v av all vbb mac {gb{lg oc v g ~bzt o{ attgmjl zgiwtg vb

tocn# Cbv bcl azg v g ~ov `blfocn v g

izwov bi v goz lo{t izbm {zaotocn Nbf, at ~g

àyg jggc dbmmacfgf vb fb (@gjzg~t

14817/, jwv v g azg altb fgcocn v goz

b~c iaov a ygz giigdvoyg “jbbtvgz t`bv”#

V`g tbcnt v av ~g tocn azg cbv hwtv ~bzft

v av z`mg# V`g azg tbwl-tayocn vzwv tgv

vb mwtod# “…O ~oll tocn ~ov v g t{ozov, O

~oll altb tocn ~ov v g wcfgztvacfocn” (1

Dbzocv oact 16817/#

Moeg @ocvbc ot a ~bzegz ibz v`g Lbzf ocJlacdàzf, Bela`bma, WTA#

“Acf ~`gc v`g àf twcn ac

`mc, v`g ~gcv bwv ocvb v`g

mbwcv bi Bloygt#” (Mavv`g~:984;/

“Jwv av mofcon`v [awl acf Tolat

~gzg {zaocn acf tocnocn mct

vb Nbf, acf v`g {zotbcgzt ~gzg

lotvgcocn vb v`gm#” (Advt 198:7/#

“…O ~oll {za ~ov` v`g t{ozov,

acf O ~oll altb {za ~ov` v`g

wcfgz-tvacfocn# O ~oll tocn

~ov` v`g t{ozov, acf O ~oll altb

tocn ~ov` v`g wcfgztvacfocn#”

(1 Dbzocvòact 16817/

“###t{gaeocn vb bcg acbv`gz

oc {talmt acf `mct acf

t{ozov-wal tbcnt, tocnocn acf

maeocn mglbf oc bwz `gazv

vb v`g Lbzf#” (G{`gtoact 781?/

“ Lgv v`g ~bzf bi D`zotv f~gll

oc bw zod l oc all ~otfbm,

vgad ocn acf afmbcot ocn bcg

acbv`gz oc {talmt acf `mct

acf t{ozovwal tbcnt, tocnocn ~ov`

nzadg oc bwz gazvt vb v`g Lbzf#”

(Dblbttoact 4819/ “ O ~oll fgdlazg _bwz camg vb M

jzgv`zgc5 Oc v`g moftv bi v`g

attgmjl O ~oll tocn {zaotg vb

_bw#” (@gjzg~t :81:/

“Ot acbcg ambcn bw twiigz-

ocn2 Lgv òm {za# Ot acbcg

d`ggziwl2 Lgv om tocn {talmt#” (Hamgt 7814/



Gvgzcal Loig[awla Javgt

1# Hgtwt taof8 “ Oc m Iav`gz‟t RRRRRRR azg mac mactobct5 oi ov ~gzg cbv

tb, O ~bwlf ayg vblf bw# O nb vb RRRRRRR a {ladg ibz bw#” Hb`c 168:

:# Hwfg taof8 “ Egg{ bwztglygt oc v`g RRRRR bi Nbf, lbbeocn ibz v`g RRRRRRR bi bwz Lbzf Hgtwt D`zotv wcvb RRRRRRR RRRRRRRR #” Hwfg

ygztg :

4# Hb`c taof8 “Vàv ~òd` ~at izbm v`g jgnoccocn, ~òd` ~g àyg

RRRRRR, ~òd` ~g àyg RRRRRRR ~ov` bwz b~c ggt, ~òd` ~g àyg

lbbegf w{bc, acf bwz RRRRRRR àyg àcflgf, dbcdgzcocn v`g ^bzf

bi loig‖v`g loig ~at macoigtvgf acf ~g àyg tggc, acf jgaz ~ovcgtt,

acf RRRRRRR vb bw vàv gvgzcal loig ~òd` ~at ~ov` v`g RRRRRRRR

acf ~at macoigtvgf vb wt#” 1 Hb`c 181,:

6# [awl taof8 “ Ibz v`g ~angt bi toc ot RRRRRR, jwv v`g noiv bi RRRRR ot

gvgzcal loig oc D`zotv Hgtwt bwz Lbzf #” Zbmact 98:4

7# [awl taof8 “ Lgv v`gm fb RRRRRR, vàv v`g jg zod` oc nbbf ~bzet,

zgaf vb noyg, ~ollocn vb RRRRRR, tvbzocn w{ ibz v`gmtglygt a nbbf

ibwcfavobc ibz v`g vomg vb dbmg, vàv v`g ma la RRRRRR bc gvgzcal

loig#” 1 Vombv 9810,1?

9# Nbf taof8 “ @g ~`b RRRRRRRRRR tàll oc`gzov all vòcnt, acf O ~oll jgòtRRRR acf `g tàll jg m RRRRR #” Zgyglavobct :18>

A c t ~ g z t 8

1 # @ b w t g , { z g { a z g

: # L b y g , m g z d , g v g z c a l l o i g

4 # @ g a z f , t g g c , ` a c f t ,

f g d l a z g , I a v ` g z

6 # F g a v ` , N b f

7 # N b b f , t ` a z g , ` b l f

9 # B y g z d b m g t , N b f , t b c



>;

@b~ vb Vgll Zon`v izbm ^zbcnCgal [bllazf

^`gv`gz ov ot a v`bwn`v, ac adv, a zgdzgavobc, a {zadvodg, a loigtvlg, bz

a àjov, `b~ fb bw fgvgzmocg v`g zon`vcgtt bz ~zbcncgtt bi ov2 Dazgiwll

dbctofgz v`g ibllb~ocn qwgtvobct8

bwlf bw ~acv vb jg gcnangf oc vòt av v`g mbmgcv bi D`zotv‟t zgvwzc2

Dbwlf bw fgigcf v`g v`bwn`v bz fggf jgibzg D`zotv av v`g Hwfnmgcv2

bwlf bw ~acv bwz mavg, {azgcvt, dòlfzgc, {zgad`gz, glfgzt, bz

bv`gz D`zotvoact bw zgt{gdv vb ~ovcgtt bw gcnangf oc vòt2

bwlf bw ~acv ov oc bwz {bttgttobc (oc bwz v`bwn`vt, bc bwz

vbcnwg, oc bwz {bdegvt, bz oc bwz dajocgvt/ ~`gc v`g zgdbzf bi

bwz loig ot b{gcgf jgibzg all2

Oi bw dbwlf tgg D`zotv cgpv vb bw, ~avdòcn, ~bwlf bw fb bz ta

v`g vòcn2

Ot v`gzg dbcdgzc vàv gcnanocn oc v`g advoyov ~oll dbtv bw bwz tbwl2

Fbgt ov dbtv bw gcgzn, mbcg, acf vomg vàv azg wlvomavgl ~atvgf, v`gmotwtg bi zgtbwzdgt all bi ~òd` bw mwtv noyg addbwcv jgibzg D`zotv2

Fbgt ov {zgygcv bw izbm fza~ocn dlbtgz vb Nbf2

^bwlf ov àzm bwz ocwgcdg ibz D`zotv oi a {gztbc, ~`b ecg~ bw

~gzg a D`zotvoac, fotdbygzgf ov2

Fb bw zgall vòce D`zotv ~bwlf fb ov2

[lgatg bjtgzyg vàv cbv bcg t{gdoiod {attang ot dovgf ajbyg, jwv v`g

tdzo{vwzal gm{àtot ot dlgaz# “^àvtbgygz ot cbv bi iaov` ot toc” (Zbmact

168:4/# “Vb òm vàv ecb~gv` vb fb nbbf acf fbgt cbv fb ov, vb òm ov ot toc”

(Hamgt 681>/# “Egg{ v` `gazv ~ov` all folongcdg, ibz bwv bi ov azg v`g ottwgt

bi loig” ([zbygzjt 68:4/# “Jg v`bw ac gpam{lg bi v`g jglogygzt…” (1 Vombv`

681:/# “Lgv bwz lon`v tb tòcg jgibzg mgc, vàv v`g ma tgg bwz nbbf ~bzet

acf nlbzoi bwz Iav`gz ~òd` ot oc `gaygc” (Mavv`g~ 7819/# Azg bw tvoll

dbmibzvajlg oc vàv qwgtvobcajlg advoyov bz t{ggd`2

Cgal [bllazf ot v`g {zgad`gz ibz v`g Jgaz Yallg d`wzd` oc Fgcygz, Dblbzafb, WTA#

Faol D`zotvoac Loyocn



>1


Oc v`g aivgzmav` bi v`g gyadwa-

vobc bi Ew~aov, a ~bmac zac aivgz a

da{vwzgf Ozaqo tblfogz `blfocn w{ `gz

tacfal acf t`zogeocn lbwfl#

V`g cg~t dbmmgcvavbz gp{laocgf

vàv t`g ~at taocn, “_bw azg m t`bg!

_bw azg m t`bg!” @g v`gc gp{laocgf

vàv vòt ot bcg bi v`g ~bztv octwlvt bcg

dac t{gae oc v`g Gatvgzc ~bzlf# Oc mac

Gatvgzc dwlvwzgt, v`g ibbv ot v`g lb~logtv

acf mbtv lbav`gf {azv bi v`g jbf# Bcg

Azaj tvwfgcv vàv ~g ecb~ oc vòt dbwc-

vz dbwlf azfl omanocg vàv Amgzodact

~at` v`goz tbdet oc v`g tamg ~avgz ~ov`

v`goz tòzvt# Gygc oc bwz dwlvwzg, iggv acf

tbdet acf t`bgt tbmgvomgt ngv a zav`gz

jaf za{, jwv oc v`g Gatv v`g azg dbwcvgf

at gygc mbzg aj`bzzgcv#

Vòt avvovwfg vb~azf iggv maegt

bcg vòce bi v`g nzgav dbcvzovobc bi v`g

~bmac ~`b eottgf v`g Lbzf‟t iggv,~at`gf v`gm ~ov` `gz vgazt, ~o{gf

v`gm ~ov` `gz àoz, acf v`gc acbocvgf

v`gm ~ov` {zgdobwt bocvmgcv (Lweg

>849-6?/# Ov altb zgmocft bcg bi v`g

~bzv`lgttcgtt bi tàm zglonobc ~òd` ot

nbbf ibz cbvòcn jwv vb jg datv bwv acf

vzbffgc wcfgz v`g ibbv bi mac (Mav-

v`g~ 7814/# Ov ot zgmocotdgcv bi Nbf‟t

wvvgz dbcvgm{v bi v`btg ~`b zghgdv v`g

Nbt{gl, t`b~c j D`zotv‟t afmbcovobc

vb @ot fotdo{lgt vb tàeg v`g fwtv bii

v`goz iggv anaoctv ac dov vàv zgiwtgf

vb `gaz v`goz mgttang (Mavv`g~ 1;816/#

^g altb azg zgmocfgf bi v`g jgawv

bi `wmjlg tgzyodg j v`g Lbzf at @g

~at`gf @ot fotdo{lgt‟ iggv (Hb`c 1481-1>/#Ov altb gp{zgttgt Nbf‟t òn gtvggm vb-

~azf v`btg ~`b {zgad` v`g Nbt{gl, “@b~

jgawvoiwl azg v`g iggv bi v`gm vàv {zgad`

v`g nbt{gl bi {gadg, acf jzocn nlaf vof-

ocnt bi nbbf vòcnt” (Zbmact 1;817/#

V`g lb~locgtt bi v`g ibbv zg-

mocft wt bi v`g wvvgz {zggmocgcdg bi

D`zotv, oc vàv Nbf àt {wv all vòcntoc twjhgdvobc wcfgz @ot iggv (@gjzg~t

:805 G{`gtoact 18::/# Gygc v g nzgav

{zb{`gv, Hb`c v`g Ja{voxgz, iglv wc-

~bzv` vb lbbtgc v`g lavd`gt bc @ot

t`bgt (Hb`c 18:>/#

At lb~l at v`g iggv azg, `b~àcfoda{{gf ~g ~bwlf jg ~ov`bwv

v`gm# Tb ~g lgazc bcg mbzg lgttbcizbm v`gm8 Gygz mgmjgz bi v`g jbf,~àvgygz ovt {ladg bz iwcdvobc, ot ygz,ygz om{bzvacv (1 Dbzocvòact 1:8::-:6/# Ov ot amaxocn ~àv dac jg lgazcgfizbm tbmgvòcn tggmocnl tb fgt{otgfacf wcom{bzvacv at v`g ibbv#

B~gc Dbtnzbyg ot ocyblygf oc {zocvgfgyacnglotm oc mac dbwcvzogt acf loygt

oc âpaàdòg, Vgpat, WTA#

V`g IbbvB~gc Dbtnzbyg



>:


“Mac, O zgall ayg nbv ov mafg!”

_gt, bw àyg nbv ov mafg, jwv oc

~àv2 “B`, O àyg mbcg, O àyg

{bttgttobct, O àyg {zgtvong acf {b~-

gz, acf O dac camg bw mac mbzg#”

_gt, izogcf, jwv all bw àyg ot ibz vòt

loig# Cbvòcn bw cb~ {bttgtt dac jg

vaegc ~ov` bw, acf cgov`gz dac v`g

jgcgiov bw ~`gc top iggv bi fozv ~oll

jg {olgf w{bc bw# Aivgz bwz fg{az-

vwzg izbm vòt loig, ~àv ~oll à{{gc

vb bw v`gc2

Vòt eocf bi vòceocn zgmocft

mg bi acbv`gz ocfoyofwal ofgcvodaloc v`bwn`v vb bwzt# Lotvgc# “…O

~oll {wll fb~c m jazct, acf jwolf

nzgavgz5 acf v`gzg ~oll O jgtvb~ all

m izwovt acf m nbbft# Acf O ~oll

ta vb m tbwl, Tbwl, bw àyg mwd`

nbbft laof w{ ibz mac gazt5 vaeg ov

gat, gav, fzoce acf jg mgzz” (Lweg

1:810,1?/#@b~ dac ov jg vàv vòt mac, tb

ocvgllongcv oc òt gazv`l jwtocgtt,

dbwlf cbv tgg vàv twd` zgatbcocn ot

a{{zb{zoavg ibz acomalt, jwv cbv ibz

mac ~`b àt ~ovòc òm ac gvgzcal

fgtvoc, ~òd` daccbv jg tavotiogf

~ov` v`g vòcnt bi vòt ~bzlf2 Fof

v`g acdogcv G{odwzgact oc v`goz iacdo-

iwl {òlbtb{` bi loig, “gav, fzoce acf

jg mgzz,” zgaloxg ac gvgzcal nbbf2

^àv dbwlf all v`g addwmwlavgf

nbbft bi vòt loig jgcgiov v`gtg ibblot`

ocfoyofwalt2

Ov ot a iadv bi loig, vàv mac ma jg

lbafgf ~ov` all eocft bi gazv`l vzga-

twzgt, gv òt gvgzcal t{ozov daccbv jg

tavotiogf, gygc ~ov` v`g jgtv vàv vòt

~bzlf dac biigz# Wcibzvwcavgl, vòt

vzanod motvaeg bi mac dbcvocwgt bc

v`zbwn`bwv v`g angt# Tbmg`b~, oc

v`g jgnwolgf ~òt{gzt bi v`g gcgm

bi òt t{ozov, mac ibzngvt vàv `g “dac-cbv loyg j jzgaf albcg, jwv j gygz

~bzf vàv {zbdggft izbm v`g mbwv` bi

Nbf” (Mavv`g~ 17810/# V`gtg {`to-

dal vòcnt gpotv ibz a lovvlg ~òlg, jwv

v`gc v`g fota{{gaz loeg a ya{bz “vàv

a{{gazt ibz a lovvlg ~òlg acf v`gc ov

yacot`gt a~a” (Hamgt 6816/#

Mac àt al~at omanocgf vàv a jwdegv bi tòcocn nblf dac tavoti òt

`gazv5 a acfiwl bi t{azelocn foambcft

dac qwgcd` v`g vòztv bi òt {azd`gf

lo{t5 bz vàv v`g {bttgttobc bi ac om-

mgctg ambwcv bi lacf dac noyg loig vb

òt focn ggt# V`g igygzot` fgtozg ibz

mbzg acf mbzg bi vòt ~bzlf‟t nbbft

daccbv nzavoi a t~oivl {attocn loig#

O @ayg Nbv Ov Mafg!

(Zgyglavobc 481>,10/

Moeg Toca{oafgt



>4


O tw{{btg vàv ov ot cavwzal vb jg

{zbwf bi {bttgttobct acf adògyg-

mgcvt, jwv allb~ocn twd` vb bygz-

~`glm acf jlocf a {gztbc vb v`g zgalottwgt bi loig daccbv jwv {zbyg gvgz-

call fgyatvavocn#

^àv ot v`g mgttang ~òd` Hgtwt

noygt vb v`btg {gb{lg ~`btg tavotiad-

vobc dbmgt izbm v`g “O @ayg Nbv Ov

Mafg” {òlbtb{` bi loig, ~òlg av

v`g tamg vomg ibzngv v`g gvgzcal {azv

bi v`goz loig2 Vb twd` {gztbct Nbf

tvavgt, “_bw ibbl, vòt con`v bwz tbwl

tàll jg zgqwozgf…Tb ot `g vàv lat

w{ vzgatwzgt ibz òmtgli, acf ot cbv

zod` vb~azf Nbf” (Lweg 148:;,:1/#

Ygz ig~ azg v`g {gb{lg ~`b azg

dbctdobwtl a~azg vàv loig ma jg vaegc

a~a av ac mbmgcv# “Lovvlg at ~g zg-

aloxg ov, ov ot a tvgzc iadv bi loig, vàv ov ot

qwovg {bttojlg vàv ac mac gchbocn v`gmbtv zbjwtv galv` acf oc v`g moftv bi v`g

mbtv layot` loyocn, ma jg fgaf ~ovòc

v`g fa#” Cb bcg ecb~t ~`gc v`g “jgllt

~oll vbll” ibz òm bz `gz# V`gzgibzg, at

~g at{ozg vb ajbwcf oc {`todal zod`gt,

~g mwtv gqwall, acf gygc mbzg tb, dbc-

dgcvzavg acf ibdwt bwztglygt vb jg gc-

zod`gf t{ozovwall# Bc v`g twjhgdv, Hgtwtoctvzwdvgf wt, “La cbv w{ ibz bwztglygt

vzgatwzg w{bc gazv , ~`gzg mbv acf

zwtv fb dbzzw{v, acf ~`gzg vògygt jzgae

v`zbwn acf tvgal8 Jwv la w{ ibz bwz-

tglygt vzgatwzg oc `gaygc, ~`gzg cgov`gz

mbv cbz zwtv fb dbzzw{v, acf ~`gzg

vògygt fb cbv jzgae v`zbwn cbz tvgal”

(Mavv`g~ 981?,:;/#

Cb ajwcfacdg bi gazv`l {bttgt-

tobct dac gygz tavoti mac‟t dzayocnt#

V`g mbzg `g {bttgttgt, v`g mbzg `g

~acvt vb àyg# Bcl Hgtwt dac noygzgtv (Mavv g~ 118:0/# Bcl v`g Mat-

vgz dac qwgcd` bwz t{ozovwal vòztv

(Hb`c 986/# Vb t{gcf ac gcvozg loig

oc amattocn {`todal jlgttocnt, jwv

iaol vb gczod` òmtgli jgibzg Nbf, ibz

vàv {gztbc ov ~bwlf àyg jggc jgvvgz

cgygz vb àyg jggc jbzc#

Oc v`g zgnobc bi Atoa Mocbz, fwz-

ocn v`g ioztv dgcvwz, v`gzg ~at ac

gcvozg dbcnzgnavobc ~òd` ~at loy-

ocn oc v`g la{ bi lwpwz# V`g oc iadv

jzanngf vàv v`g ~gzg zod` acf àf

cggf bi cbvòcn# Oc bv`gz ~bzft, v`g

iglv vàv v`g àf ov mafg# Jwv lotvgc

vb v`g ~bzft bi Hgtwt8 “_bw azg ta-

ocn, O am zod`, acf ocdzgatgf ~ov`

nbbft, acf àyg cggf bi cbvòcn5 acf fb cbv ecb~ vàv bw azg ~zgvd`gf

acf motgzajlg, acf {bbz, acf jlocf,

acf caegf# O dbwctgl bw vb jw bi

mg nblf vzogf oc v`g iozg, vàv bw ma

jg zod`5 acf ~òvg zaomgcv, vàv bw

ma jg dlbv`gf, acf vàv v`g tàmg bi

bwz caegfcgtt fbgt cbv a{{gaz5 acf

acbocv bwz ggt ~ov` gg talyg, vàv bw ma tgg” (Zgyglavobc 481>,10/#

Izogcf, oi bw ta vàv bw

àyg nbv ov mafg, oc ~àv ~a

àyg bw nbv ov mafg2

Moeg Toca{oafgt {zgad`gt ibz v`gLbzf‟t d`wzd` oc Hadetbcyollg, Azeac-

tat, WTA#



>6


Fgficocn

LbygJoll Codet

Oc v`g Blf Vgtvamgcv v`g ~bzf

“`gtgf” mgact “tvgafiatv lbyg, lbyocn

eocfcgtt, nzadg, mgzd, iaovìwlcgtt,

nbbfcgtt bz fgybvobc” (Yocg, {# 16:/#

Oc v`g Cg~ Vgtvamgcv, v`g ~bzf8

1# “Ana{g” acf v`g ygzj “ana{ab” azg

wtgf vb fgtdzojg (a/ v`g avvovwfg bi Nbf

vb~azf @ot Tbc (Hb`c 1>8:9/, vb~azf

v`g `wmac zadg ngcgzall (Hb`c 48195

Zbmact 780/ acf {azvodwlazl vb~azf

v`btg ~`b jglogyg oc Hgtwt D`zotv

(Hb`c 168:1/# (j/ vb dbcyg vb @ot

dòlfzgc @ot ~oll dbcdgzcocn v`goz avvo-

vwfg, bcg vb~azf acbv`gz (Hb`c 14846/,

acf vb~azf all mgc (1 V`gttalbcoact

481:/, acf (d/ vb gp{zgtt v`g dgcvzal

cavwzg bi Nbf (1 Hb`c 680/ (Yocg 401/#:# “[òlgb” mbzg cgazl zg{zg-

tgcvt ‐vgcfgz aiigdvobc‟ acf ot wtgf

ibz lbyg bi v`g Iav`gz vb~azf v`g Tbc

(Hb`c 48475 78:;/5 ibz v`g jglogygz

(Hb`c 168:15 198:>/, acf bi D`zotv‟t

lbyg ibz a dgzvaoc fotdo{lg (Hb`c

148:45 :;8:/# V`g fotvocdvobc jg-

v~ggc “ana{g” acf “{òlgb” azg tggc

oc Hb`c :1 oc v`g gtvggm acf yalwg bi

lbyg (Zgyglavobc 1:811/, ~`gzgat [g-

vgz‟t zg{l t`b~t v`g wtg bi “{òlgb”#

V`g Lbzf‟t vòzf qwgtvobc t`b~t v`gyalwg bi v`g dbctvacd bi lbyg, dbc-

ygocn v`g v`bwn`v bi d`gzotòcn v`g

bjhgdv ajbyg all gltg# “[òlgb” ma

jg v`bwn`v bi at izogcftò{ at bcg

~bwlf ayg vb~azf ot vgccot {azvcgz,

bz jatgjall {azvcgz#

4# ”[òlbtvbznbo” ot a iamol

lbyg ~òd` ~g azg vb àyg oc vgcfgz

aiigdvobc vb~azf all mgmjgzt bi v`g

d`wzd`, acf vb~azf bwz b~c iamol#

Cgov`gz bi v`g ajbyg ~bzft fgtdzojgt

tgpwal zglavobct, ~òd`, wcibzvwcavg-

l, v`g ~bzlf zgnazft at v`g mgacocn

bi lbyg (Zbmact 1:81;/#

Oc Zbmact 14814, v`g ~bzf

“ebovg” (jgf/ ot vzactlavgf “dàmjgz-

ocn” oc v`g EHY, acf “lg~fcgtt” ocv`g CEHY, zgigzzocn vb ollodov tgpwal

zglavobct# Bc v`g bv`gz àcf, ~g azg

om{zgttgf ~ov` v`g gp{zgttobc wtgf

j v`g @bl T{ozov vb fgtdzojg tgp

zglavobct jgv~ggc a `wtjacf acf òt

~oig# V`g ~bzft azg ibwcf oc @g-

jzg~t 1486 at v`g “mazzoang jgf”,

acf ov ot vb jg `glf oc `bcbz j all#@b~ ~bcfgziwl azg v`g ~at bi v`g

@bl T{ozov vb fgtdzojg a zglavobctò{

~òd` v`g ~bzlf àt fgiocgf at wnl

acf tgctwal, zav`gz vàc jgawvoiwl acf

`bl!

Joll Codet ot a ibzmgz mottobcaz vb Aizo-da acf v`g otlacf bi Vzocofaf oc v`g gtvOcfogt, acf g cb~ loygt oc Fgdavwz, Ala-

jama, WTA#



âle ~ov` HgtwtAwv`bz Wcecb~c

Albcn v`g t`bzg bi Nalolgg,

v`g Matvgz ~alegf bcg fa,

Acf ocyovgf v`btg ~`b ~at`gf v`goz cgvt

vb ibllb~ òm, bz tva#

Jwv oi v`g d`btg vb ibllb~ @om,

v`g wcfgztvbbf vàv v`gc,

Cb lbcngz ~bwlf v`g datv ibz iot`, jwv zav`gz iot` ibz mgc#

V`g lgiv v`goz cgvt acf vwzcgf v`goz jadet

bc all vàv v`g àf ecb~c,

At v`g tbwn`v a jgvvgz eocnfbm,

acf v`g eocn w{bc @ot v`zbcg#

V`g ~alegf ~ov` @om oc facngz,acf v`zbwn` nlbzogt mwlvo{logf,

At v`g nzg~ vb tvzgcnv` acf `bcbz

~ov` v`g Matvgz av v`goz tofg#

Acf tb v`g ~alegf ~ov` @om bcg fa,

vb v`g jzb~ bi Bloyg‟t òll,

Acf ~avd`gf at @g atdgcfgf,

àyocn fbcg @ot Iav`gz‟t ~oll#

V`gc v`g ~alegf albcn v`g òn`~a

bi v`g ~bzlf‟t nzgav nblfgc tvbzg,

ôv` a dbctvacv, wctggc [zgtgcdg,

J v`goz tofg ibzgygzmbzg#



Acf v`g {zgad`gf a tayocn Nbt{gl

vb v`g lbtv bi gygz zadg,

At Hgtwt ~alegf ambcn v`gm,

Noyocn izggl bi Nbf‟t nzadg#

^`gc Hamgt jb~gf vb v`g apg mac,

acf òt t{ozov ilgf a~a,

@g hwtv ~alegf jgtofg òt Hgtwt,

vb a jgvvgz {ladg acf fa#

Acf ‐v~at bc v`g otlg bi [avmbt,

bc v`g Lbzf‟t Fa, ~g azg vblf,

Hb`c vwzcgf vb tgg v`g Matvgz,dlbv`gf oc zbjgt bi tòcocn nblf#

Acf ~`gc òt ~bze ~at iocot`gf,

acf òt vatet bc gazv` ~gzg fbcg,

@g hwtv vbbe v`g àcf bi Hgtwt

acf eg{v bc ~aleocn ~ov` v`g Tbc#

B`, oi O dbwlf ~ale ~ov` Hgtwt,

oi O dbwlf bcl `blf @ot àcf,^àv a foii‟zgcdg ov ~bwlf maeg,

oc vòt vboltbmg, vzbwjlgf lacf#

At O ~alegf bc vb v`g twctgv,

acf v`g nblf-`wgf ~gtvgzc tga,

Hwtv vb vaeg v`g àcf bi Hgtwt,

acf vb àyg @om ~ale ~ov` mg#

Cb vgm{vavobc dbwlf b‟gz~`glm mg,

cbz dbwlf tbzzb~ zade m tbwl#

Ibz v`g {zgtgcdg bi v`g Matvgz

~bwlf egg{ jzon`v v`g tòcocn nbal#

Acf ~`gc m ~ale ~at iocot`gf,

acf O zgtvgf bc v`g t`bzg,

O ~bwlf vaeg v`g àcf bi Hgtwt

acf ~ale ~ov` @om ibzgygzmbzg#



>0

V`g D`zotvoac @bmg

O ~acv m dòlfzgc vb àyg a iav`gz ~`b {wvt v`g eocnfbm bi Nbf ioztv

oc òt loig acf ~`b ~oll vgad` v`gm v`g tamg# Hgtwt taof, “Jwv tgge g ioztv

v`g eocnfbm, acf òt zon`vgbwtcgtt###” (Mavv`g~ 9844/# Nbf ibzjof vàv m

dòlfzgc t`bwlf gygz vòce vàv v`g Lbzf ot cbv v`g mbtv om{bzvacv {azv bi m loig#Gad` iav`gz t`bwlf tb dbcfwdv omtgli vàv ot dòlfzgc dac tgg D`zotv oc ot loig#

Iav`gzt, ~g daccbv jzocn bwz dòlfzgc w{ oc v`g cwzvwzg acf afmbcovobc bi v`g

Lbzf (G{`gtoact 986/, wclgtt v`g tgg vàv ~g ayg bwz {zobzovogt oc bzfgz# V`g

~oll zgmgmjgz bwz gpam{lg lbcn aivgz v`g àyg ibznbvvgc bwz ~bzft#

O ~acv m dòlfzgc vb ayg a iav`gz ~`b ~oll vgad` v`gm vb lbyg, zgt{gdv,

acf bjg v`goz {azgcvt# Bcg bi v`g mbtv jgawvoiwl tdgcgt oc a bmg ot dòlfzgc

~`b b{gcl t`b~ vòt lbyg ibz v`goz {azgcvt# Dòlfzgc azg dbmmacfgf vb `bcbz

v`goz {azgcvt acf vb jg bjgfogcv vb v`gm (G{`gtoact 981-:/# Mac bwcn {gb{lg

vbfa azg cbv zgt{gdviwl jgdawtg v`g àyg cbv jggc vawn`v#

O ~acv m dòlfzgc vb àyg a iav`gz ~`b tgvt atofg v`g ioztv fa bi v`g

~gge ibz òt iamol vb ~bztò{ (@gjzg~t 1;8:7/# V`gzg t`bwlf cgygz jg a

qwgtvobc oc v`g mocft bi dòlfzgc at vb ~àv v`goz iamol ~oll fb bc Twcfa#

Iav`gzt, fb bwz dòlfzgc gygz ate, “Azg ~g nbocn vb d`wzd` vbfa2” V`g

t`bwlf ecb~ vàv v`g ~bztò{ bi Nbf ot a iamol {zobzov# Dac bw vzwl ta

vàv bw lbyg bwz dòlfzgc oi bw vgad` v`gm j gpam{lg vàv ~bztò{ ot cbv

om{bzvacv2!2 Iav`gzt, vòce! _bwz gpam{lg ma dawtg v`gm vb jg lbtv#

O ~acv m dòlfzgc vb àyg a iav`gz ~`b ot lbyocn acf dbctofgzavgvb òt ~oig acf dòlfzgc# Ov ot taof vàv bcg bi v`g nzgavgtv vòcnt ~g dac fb

ibz bwz dòlfzgc ot vb lbyg v`goz mbv`gz# O àyg a ~bcfgziwl ~oig ~`b ot ac

gcdbwzangmgcv acf ac oct{ozavobc vb mg# O am {zbwf vàv t`g ot v`g mbv`gz bi

m dòlfzgc #### acf O ~acv m dòlfzgc vb ecb~ vàv# O ~acv m dòlfzgc vb

ecb~ vàv O lbyg v`gm acf vàv O ~acv bcl v`g jgtv ibz v`gm5 jwv iav`gzt

mwtv dbmmwcodavg vòt j ~bzf acf gpam{lg#

O ~acv m dòlfzgc vb àyg a iav`gz ~`b ~oll cgygz t{gae bz adv oc a

maccgz vàv ot wcjgdbmocn bi a D`zotvoac (O Vom# 681:/# O lbcn ibz mdòlfzgc vb jg ajlg vb ta, “O ~acv vb jg loeg faff, jgdawtg `g‟t vzocn vb jg

loeg Hgtwt#” B`, `b~ v`btg ~bzft ~bwlf jzocn vgazt bi hb vb v`g ggt!

“###v`g iav`gz vb v`g dòlfzgc tàll maeg ecb~c v` vzwv`” (Otaoa` 4081?/5###

“Acf v`bw tàlv vgad` v`gm folongcvl wcvb v`g dòlfzgc, acf tàlv vale bi v`gm

~`gc v`bw tovvgtv oc vòcg `bwtg, acf ~`gc v`bw ~alegtv j v`g ~a, acf ~`gc

v`bw logtv fb~c, acf ~`gc v`bw zotgtv w{” (Fgwvgzbcbm 98>/#

Homm Igznwtbc {zgad`gt v`g Nbt{gl oc Cgvvlgvbc, Mottotto{{o, WTA#



>?

V`g D`zotvoac @bmg

Mbv`gz‟t LbafFac Nwllg

A mac damg `bmg izbm ~bze vb iocf òt

`bwtg oc dàbt# @ot dòlfzgc ~gzg bwvtofg, tvoll

oc v`goz {ahamat, {laocn oc v`g mwf# Octofg

v`g `bwtg, a lam{ àf jggc ecbdegf

bygz, v`g v`zb~ zwn ~at ~affgf

anaoctv a ~all, acf v`g loyocn

zbbm ~at lovvgzgf ~ov` vbt

acf dlbvòcn# Fot`gt iollgf v`geovd`gc toce, dgzgal ~at t{ollgf

bc v`g dbwcvgz, acf a jzbegc

nlatt la wcfgz v`g vajlg#

V`g mac ~gcv w{ v`g

tvaozt, tvg{{ocn bygz vbt acf

{olgt bi dlbv`gt, lbbeocn ibz òt

~oig# T`g ~at tvoll oc jgf oc `gz

{ahamat, zgafocn a cbygl# T`g lbbegf w{ av om,

tmolgf, acf ategf `b~ òt fa ~gcv#

“Cgygz mocf m fa,” `g taof# “^àv

à{{gcgf gzg vbfa2”

T`g act~gzgf, “_bw ecb~, gygz fa ~`gc

bw dbmg `bmg izbm ~bze acf ate mg ~àv oc

v`g ~bzlf O fof vbfa2 gll, vbfa O fofc‟v fb ov#”

^àv‟t w{ ~ov` v`g vgzm “~bzeocn

mbmt”2 ^`gv`gz naociwll gm{lbgf bwvtofg

v`g `bmg bz ~àv bwz dwlvwzg dallt a “tva-av-`bmg mbmt”, gygz ~bmac ~`b dac vzwl jg dallgf “mbv`gz” ot a azf ~bzeocn

`wmac jgocn#

Ajbwv 4,;;; gazt anb, v`g ~zovgz bi [zbygzjt 4181;-41 fgtdzojgf `gz

~bze lbaf# T`g ~at bc dall :6">"497 oc `gz yazobwt zblgt at ~oig acf mbv gz

acf `bwtg`blf gcnocggz acf macangz# “T`g zotgt ~òlg ov ot gv con`v# ### Acf

`gz lam{ fbgt cbv nb bwv j con`v” (ygztgt 17a, 10j/# [zbygzjt 418:> twmt w{

`gz vate acf zgmocft wt vàv jgocn a ~oig acf mbv`gz ot cbv a hbj ibz ~om{t5



0;

V`g D`zotvoac @bmg

“T`g ~avd`gt bygz v`g ~at bi lggz `bwtg`blf, acf fbgt cbv gav v`g jzgaf

bi oflgcgtt#” ^g vo{ bwz àvt vb v`g vozglgtt ~bmgc ambcn wt ~`b jgaz v`g

mbv`gz‟t lbaf#

A mbv`gz‟t hbj ot cbv gat vb dbm{lgvgl fgtdzojg# @gz ~bze ot cbv “? vb7”# T`g ot a matvgz mwlvovategz acf {gzibzmt ocyalwajlg ~bze octofg v`g `bmg

vàv cb madòcg dbwlf gygz fb acf vàv cb twjtvovwvg dbwlf gygz zg{ladg# @gz

wcoqwg hbj attoncmgcv, ocfot{gctajlg zblg, acf {b~gziwl {btovobc ot twmmgf

w{ oc v~b Cg~ Vgtvamgcv {attangt8 1 Vombv` 7816 acf Vovwt :86-7#

“V`gzgibzg O fgtozg vàv v`g bwcngz ~ofb~t mazz, jgaz

dòlfzgc, macang v`g `bwtg, noyg cb b{{bzvwcov vb v`g afygztaz vb

t{gae zg{zbadìwll#”

“### vb jg fotdzggv, dàtvg, `bmgmaegzt, nbbf, bjgfogcv vb v`goz

b~c `wtjacft, vàv v`g ~bzf bi Nbf ma cbv jg jlat{`gmgf#”

Addbzfocn vb v`gtg ygztgt, a mbv`gz‟t lbaf aivgz mazzoang ot vb “jgaz

dòlfzgc, macang v`g `bwtg, lbyg v`goz `wtjacft, vb lbyg v`goz dòlfzgc, vb jg

fotdzggv, dàtvg, `bmgmaegzt, nbbf, bjgfogcv vb v`goz b~c `wtjacft, vàv v`g

~bzf bi Nbf ma cbv jg jlat{`gmgf#” V`gtg azg cbv dwlvwzal tvavgmgcvt vàv

dàcng izbm bcg ngcgzavobc vb v`g cgpv# V`g azg jojlodal ygztgt vàv fgtdzojg

v`g mbv`gz‟t lbaf oc v`g `bmg#

Ov ot vzwg vàv tbmg `bmgt macang ~ov`bwv a mbv`gz, jwv almbtv cgygz at

~gll at ~ov` bcg# Ov àt jggc bjtgzygf vàv oi mbv`gz`bbf ~at nbocn vb jggat, ov cgygz ~bwlf àyg tvazvgf ~ov` tbmgvòcn dallgf “lajbz”# ^àv a mgtt

vòcnt ~bwlf jg oc oi mbv`gzt all nbv vbngv`gz acf fgdofgf vb nb bc tvzoeg! Lgv

wt vàce Nbf ibz v`g ~bmgc ambcn wt ~`b azg ~ollocn vb jgaz v`g mbv`gz‟t

lbaf#

Fac Nwllg ~bzet ~ov` v`g Tmov`yollg, Vgccgttgg d`wzd` bi D`zotv, WTA# dbcvadv8`vv{8""~~~#tmov`yollgd`wzd`#bzn

A mbv`gz dac lbbe v`zbwn` a dòlf‟t ggtacf tgg vbmbzzb~#

Ov ot cbv dòlfzgc vàv {azgcvt azg zaotocn5ov ot v`g afwlvt v`g ~oll jgdbmg#



01

V`g D`zotvoac @bmg

ÔLF

Wcfotdo{locgf DòlfzgcFbc Fgiigcjawn`

O am jgdbmocn mbzg acf mbzg dbcdgzcgf ajbwv vòt ngcgzavobc bi bwcn

{gb{lg ~`btg {azgcvt zgiwtg vb fotdo{locg at v`g zwc ~olf acf wcavvgcfgf av

`bmg acf oc {wjlod# ôv bwv zgnazf ibz acbcg gltg, v`g fb ~àv v`g ~acv

vb fb, ~`gc v`g ~acv vb fb ov, acf wcdbcdgzcgf acf ocfwlngcv {azgcvt fb cbv

ocvgzigzg# ^àv fbgt v`g Jojlg ta2

“Oc vàv fa O ~oll dazz bwv anaoctv Glo all vàv O àyg t{begc dbcdgzcocn òt `bwtg, izbm jgnoccocn vb gcf#Ibz O ayg vblf om vàv O am ajbwv vb hwfng ot

`bwtg ibzgygz ibz v`g ocoqwov ~òd` `g ecg~, jgdawtg òt tbct jzbwn`v a dwztg

bc v`gmtglygt acf `g fof cbv zgjweg v`gm” (O Tamwgl 481:-14 CATJ/# Glo ~at

`glf zgt{bcto jlg ibz v`g advobct bi òt tbct, acf Nbf taof vàv Glo‟t {zbjlgm ~at

vàv òt tbct “jzbwn`v a dwztg bc v`gmtglygt” jwv `g “fof cbv zgjweg v`gm#”

_bw ~oll zgmgmjgz vàv Fayof ~at `glf zgt{bctojlg ibz v`g advobct bi òt

tbc, Afbcoha`# O Eocnt 189 tat, “Acf ot iav`gz af cgygz dzbttgf om av ac

vomg j ateocn, ‐^` àyg bw fbcg tb2”‟Oc v`g Jojlg, iav`gzt acf mbv`gzt azg glf zgt{bctojlg ibz v`g advobct bi v`goz

dòlfzgc# [awl ~zovgt, “Acf iav`gzt, fb cbv {zbybeg bwz dòl fzgc vb acngz5 jwv

jzocn v`gm w{ oc v`g fotdo{locg acf octvzwdvobc bi v`g Lbzf” (G{`gtoact 986/#

V`g @gjzg~t ~zovgz tat “### acf bw àyg ibz nbvvgc v`g gp`bzvavobc

~òd` ot affzgttgf vb bw at tbct, kM tbc, fb cbv zgnazf lon`vl v`g fotdo {locg

bi v`g Lbzf, cbz iaocv ~`gc bw azg zg{zbygf j @om5 ibz v`btg ~`bm v`g Lbzf

lbygt @g fotdo{locgt, acf @g tdbwzngt gygz tbc ~`bm @g zgdgoygt#‟ Ov ot ibz

fotdo{locg vàv bw gcfwzg5 Nbf fgalt ~ov` bw at ~ov` tbct8 ibz ~àv tbc ot

v`gzg ~`bm òt iav`gz fbgt cbv fotdo{locg2” (@gjzg~t 1:87-> CATJ/# [lgatg

lbbe av v`g qwgtvobc oc ygztg tgygc, “###ibz ~àv tbc ot v`gzg ~`bm òt iav`gz

fbgt cbv fotdo{locg2”

^àv ~oll à{{gc vb bwz cavobc, bwz `bmgt, acf v`g d`wzd`, ~`gc vòt

ngcgzavobc bi wcfotdo {locgf iblet jgdbmg doyol lgafgzt, iav`gzt acf mbv`gzt,

acf dovoxgct bi v`g Eocnfbm2

Fbc Fgiigcjawn` ~bzet ~ov` v`g Gatvtofg D`wzd` bi D`zotv oc Mbcgvv, Mottbwzo, WTA



0:

V`g D`zotvoac @bmg

Gddlgtoatvgt

ibz_bwcn [gb{lg[awl @bllacf

V`zbwn`bwv v`g jbbe bi Gddlgtoatvgt,

Tblbmbc gm{àtoxgf vàv a loig loygf

~ov`bwv Nbf ot “yacov bi yacovogt! All ot

yacov” (Gddlgtoatvgt 18:/# At bw zgafv`zbwn` v`g jbbe, O ~bwlf gcdbwzang

bw vb wcfgzlocg v`g cwmjgz bi vomgt

Tblbmbc wtgf v`g ~bzf “yacov” acf v`g

{`zatg “tvzoyocn aivgz ~ocf”# Vàv ot v`g

gttgcdg bi a loig wtgf oc tgliot` {wztwovt#

Jwv av v`g gcf bi v`g jbbe, Tblbmbc ~zbvg8 “Zgmgmjgz altb bwz Dzgavbz

oc v`g fat bi bwz bwv`, jgibzg v`g gyol fat dbmg acf v`g gazt fza~ cgaz

bi ~òd` bw ~oll ta, ‐O àyg cb {lgatwzg oc v`gm‟#” (1:81/# Gddlgtoatvgt ~at~zovvgc vb ~azc bwcn {gb{lg vàv oi v`g ~acv vb loyg a loig vàv ot ~bzv`~òlg,

lbcn-latvocn acf toncoiodacv, ov cggft vb jg loygf oc tgzyodg vb Nbf#

_bwcn {gb{lg cggf vb zgmgmjgz v`goz Dzgavbz jgdawtg v`g ~gzg dzgavgf

j @om acf ibz @om# Vàv noygt loig a {wz{btg acf a fozgdvobc# V`g cggf vb

vòce ajbwv @ot dàzadvgz acf gt{gdoall @ot nbbfcgtt# V`g cggf vb zgaf acf

mgfovavg bc @ot ~bzf acf egg{ @ot dbmmacfmgcvt#

Nbf ot cbv bcl ibz blf {gb{lg# @g ot ibz vggcangzt ~`b azg nbocn

v`zbwn` om{bzvacv {`todal acf mgcval dàcngt# @g ot ibz bwcn {azgcvt ~`bcggf @ot nwofacdg oc zgazocn dòlfzgc acf afhwtvocn vb mazzoang# Mofflg-ang

{azgcvt cggf Nbf at v`g mbyg ocvb nwofocn vggcangzt# Blfgz {azgcvt cggf

Nbf at v`g jgnoc fgalocn ~ov` v`goz b~c glfgzl {azgcvt ~`b ayg cg~ galv`

dàllgcngt# V`g glfgzl cggf Nbf at v`g fgal ~ov` v`goz ad`gt acf {aoct acf

vòce mbzg bivgc acf tgzobwtl ajbwv tggocn Nbf#

V`g jbbe bi Gddlgtoatvgt ot ibz gygzbcg# g all cggf vb zgaf ov#

[awl @bllacf ~bzet ~ov` v`g d`wzd` bi D`zotv oc [azot, Vgccgttgg, WTA#



04

V`g D`zotvoac @bmg

V`g ~gzg ~aleocn v`zbwn` a~bbflacf,

A iav`gz acf òt tbc,^`gc v`g tàfgt bi con`v ~gzg

iallocn,

Aivgz tgvvocn bi v`g twc# Acf v`g jb tb t`l lotvgcgf

Vb v`g tbwcft v`g octgdvtmafg,

V`gc `g dzg{v w{ dlbtg acf~òt{gzgf8

“Iav`gz, lgaf mg, O‟m aizaof!”

Fof v`g Iav`gz cbv oc eocfcgtt

Lgaf v`g lovvlg igllb~ v`zbwn`2Fof `g cbv t{gae ~bzft bi dbmibzv,

[av òt azm, acf d`ggz òm, vbb2^bwlf `g cbv òt loig àyg noygc

Vb {zbvgdv òt fazlocn laf2Ibz v`g ~gzg v`g jgtv bi dbmzafgt

Vòt tmall laffog acf òt faf#

^g azg ~aleocn v`zbwn` v`g tàfb~t,Tvbzmt bi loig bc gygz tofg5Bwz izaol jadet azg bivgc jgavgc

J a jlgae acf dòll vofg#^`gc ~g iadg a ~bzlf bi vzbwjlg,

Dlbwft bi nlbbm azg b‟gz wt laof, V`gc ~g dbmg vb Nbf, dbcigttocn,

“Iav`gz, nwofg mg, O‟m aizaof!”

ôll v`g Iav`gz cbv oc mgzdTwzgl lgcf a `gl{ocn àcf2

ôll @g cbv zglogyg bwz tbzzb~t,Noyg wt nzbwcf bc ~òd` vb tvacf2

ôll @g cbv ~ov` all vgm{vavobc

Maeg a ~a ibz bwz gtda{g2@g‟t a izogcf, oi ~g ~oll tgzyg @om,Bcg ~`b cgygz ~oll ibztaeg!

Iav`gz, Lgaf

Mg!Dlfg M# @azvlg

At a iav`gz {ovogt òt dòlfzgc, Tb v`g LBZF {ovogtv`btg ~`b igaz @om# Ibz @g ecb~t bwz izamg5 @gzgmgmjgzt vàv ~g azg fwtv” ([talm 1;:8114,116/ #



06

{zbygzjt 1>8::

Hamgt acf Mazolc àyg jggc

mazzogf ibz tgygzal gazt, jwv ov àt

jggc a vzbwjlgf mazzoang almbtv

izbm v`g jgnoccocn# @g‟t a fgcvotv

acf t`g‟t a macodwzotv, acf v`g

dbctvacvl azg ion`vocn vbbv` acf caol!

V`g Lbcg Zacngz acf Vbcvb

~gcv dam{ocn oc v`g fgtgzv# Aivgz

v`g nbv v`goz vgcv all tgv w{, jbv` mgc

igll tbwcf atlgg{#

A ig~ `bwzt lavgz Vbcvb ~beg

w{ v`g Lbcg Zacngz acf taof, “Egmb

Tajg, lbbe vb~azft te5 ~àv bw tgg2”

V`g Lbcg Zacngz zg{logf, “O tgg

mollobct bi tvazt#”

Vbcvb v`gc ategf, “^àv vàv vgll

bw2”

V`g Lbcg Zacngz v`bwn`v ibz a

mbmgcv acf taof, “Atvzbcbmodall

t{gaeocn, ov vgllt mg v`gzg azg mollobct

bi nalapogt# Vomg ~otg, ov a{{gazt vb

jg a{{zbpomavgl a qwazvgz {atv v`zgg

oc v`g mbzcocn# V`gblbnodall, v`g

Lbzf ot all {b~gziwl acf ~g azg tmall

acf octoncoiodacv# Mgvgbzblbnodall,ov tggmt ~g ~oll àyg a jgawvoiwl fa

vbmbzzb~# ^àv‟t ov vgll bw, Vbcvb2”

“_bw fwmjgz vàc jwiialb#

Tbmgbcg tvblg vgcv!”

Tall ot zgall ac octon`viwl {gztbc# ^`, hwtv v`g bv`gz fa t`g

à{{gcgf vb tgg a dòdegc dzbttocn v`g

zbaf# T`g ommgfoavgl dbmmgcvgf,

“Cb~ v`gzg ot a jgawvoiwl gpam{lg bi

{bwlvz oc mbvobc#”

“Fof bw `gaz ajbwv vàv vgzzojlg

addofgcv vàv Mazyoc ~at oc av v`g

ta~moll a ig~ ~gget anb2”

“Cb…~at `g `wzv jaf2”

“@g twzg ~at# Ov ~at hwtv a~iwl#

O‟yg cgygz tggc acvòcn loeg ov# V`g

~`blg lgiv tofg bi òt jbf ~at dwv

bii# Jwv `g‟t all zon`v cb~#”

A cgon`jbz laf vblf vòt tvbz

ajbwv `gz tàz{ bwcn tbc‟t fotvatvg

ibz vwzco{t# T`g {wv bcg bc òt {lavg,

albcn ~ov` tbmg bv`gz ibbf, acf vblf



{zbygzjt 1>8::

07

òm vb gav gygzvòcn bc òt {lavg#

@g dlgacgf òt {lavg, all gpdg{v ibz

v`g vwzco{#

T`g {bocvgf bwv vb òm vàv oi `g àf gavgc v`g vwzco{ gazlogz, `g

~bwlfc‟v àyg jggc lgiv ~ov` ovt vatvg

oc òt mbwv` av v`g gcf bi v`g mgal#

@g nayg vàv ofga a lovvlg jov bi

v`bwn`v acf zg{logf, “O nwgtt O ~at

hwtv vzocn vb fgla v`g ocgfojlg#”

Loig dgzvaocl ot iwll bi {gz{lgpocn

zgalovogt, loeg b~ ot ov vàv bcg dazglgtt

mavd` dac tvazv a ibzgtv iozg, jwv ov vaegt

a ~`blg jbp vb tvazv a dam{iozg2

O àyg a nbbf izogcf ~`b ot aiazmgz, acf ambcn v`g acomalt bc

òt iazm ot a {on# Bcg fa O `gaz òm

dallocn ot {on “Jall [bocv#” O ategf m

izogcf ~` `g {odegf vàv camg ibz òt

{on# @g act~gzgf, “B`, vàv otc‟v òt

zgal camg ‖ vàv‟t hwtv òt {gc camg#”

Ac azvotv ategf v`g nallgz b~cgz

oi acbcg àf t`b~c ocvgzgtv oc òt

{aocvocnt#

“O‟yg nbv nbbf cg~t acf jaf

cg~t,” t`g taof# “V`g nbbf cg~t ot

vàv tbmg nw ocqwozgf oi ov ~bwlf

a{{zgdoavg oc yalwg aivgz bw fogf#

^`gc O vblf òm ov ~bwlf, `g jbwn`v

all 17 bi bwz {aocvocnt#”

“Acf v`g jaf cg~t2”“V`g nw ~at bwz fbdvbz#”

(Jwllgvoc Fongtv/

A mac damg bmg izbm v`g biiodg

acf ibwcf òt cg~ jzofg tbjjocn

dbcywltoygl# “O iggl vgzzojlg,” t`g

vblf òm# “O ~at {zgttocn bwz twov

acf O jwzcgf a jon `blg oc v`g tgav bi

bwz vzbwtgzt#”

“B`, hwtv ibzngv ov,” dbctblgf `gz

`wtjacf# “Zgmgmjgz vàv O‟yg nbv ac

gpvza {aoz bi {acvt ibz vàv twov#”

“_gt, O ecb~# Acf ov‟t lwde bw

àyg!” taof v`g ~bmac, fzocn `gz

ggt# “O ~at ajlg vb wtg a {ogdg izbmv`gm vb {avd` v`g `blg!”

Blf @ace ~bcfgzt ~` locn oc

a ammbde t`bwlfc‟v dbwcv at gcgzn

tayocn#

Jgibzg bw dzovodoxg tbmgbcg,

bw t`bwlf ~ale a molg oc v`goz t`bgt#

Vàv ~a, ~`gc bw dzovodoxg v`gm,

bw‟zg a molg a~a acf bw àyg

v`goz t`bgt#



09

V`g Wtg bi Vomg

T[D Algp Nojtbc

Fb ac bi bw ecb~ b~ {botbc ~bzet2

Ov tglfbm à{{gct loeg v`g t`b~ oc v`g

mbyogt, ~`gzg tbmgbcg hwtv iallt bygz

fgaf aivgz jgocn {botbcgf# Bivgc vomgt

v`g jgnoc vb lbbe loeg v`g‟zg tode, acf

v`g ma lbbe vàv ~a ibz a lbcn vomg

jgibzg v`g ficall fog#

Vàv‟t ~àv O ~acv vb vale ajbwv oc vòt

azvodlg ‖ cbv {`todal {botbc acf ovt giigdvt, jwv v`g t{ozovwal {botbc ~g {wv oc bwz tbwlt j

v`g d`bodgt ~g maeg oc loig, acf v`g vòcnt vàv

azg om{bzvacv vb wt#

Vòce jade bc bwz òtvbz lgttbct vb v`g gazlogtv doyoloxavobct# Bivgc

v`gzg azg v~b igavwzgt ~g tgg bi v`goz zgmaoct8 v`goz vbmjt acf v`goz vgm{lgt#

Oc Gn{v, v`g {zamoft acf bjglotet5 oc Nzggdg, tbmg bi v`g vgm{lgt azg tvoll

v`gzg, acf bw àyg cwmgzbwt tvavwgt bi v`goz nbft acf nbffgttgt5 oc Gwzb{g

bw àyg d`wzd`gt acf dav`gfzalt acf davadbmjt#_bw dac tgg oc v`g acdogcv ~bzlf `b~ om{bzvacv v`goz nbft ~gzg vb v`gm#

M qwgtvobc jgdbmgt, `b~ om{bzvacv ot bwz Nbf vb wt2 Ot @g ~bzv` focn

ibz2 Ot @g ~bzv` loyocn ibz2 O t`bwlf `b{g tb# Tafl, v`bwn`, oc vbfa‟t

~bzlf, {gb{lg azg jgocn mbzg acf mbzg lwzgf a~a izbm mgacocniwl vòcnt vb

gcvgzvaococn vòcnt#

Cb~ O‟m cbv bcg vb jat` a nbbf vomg# Jwv ~àv oi all O fof ~at hwtv zglap,

all fa, gygz fa, acf cgygz ~bzegf2 Ov ~bwlfc‟v jg vbb lbcn jgibzg O‟f jg iav

acf lax, acf w{ vb m ggjallt oc jollt#_ga`, ~gll, ~àv oi O egg{ a `galv` jalacdg jgv~ggc ~bze acf {la, jwv

cgygz noyg vomg vb Nbf2 O jgdbmg mbzg fza~c ocvb m ~bzlf acf all v`g

“vòcnt” oc ov, ~òlg v`g vomg t{gcv ~ov` Nbf jgdbmgt lgtt acf lgtt# ^`gc ~g

fb vòt, ~g azg vaeocn t{ozovwal {botbc# g tlb~l lbtg tvacfazft acf ocvgnzov,

acf ~g ma jgdbmg acnz mbzg gatol, bz majg lgv tbmg jaf lacnwang tlo{,

bz noyg oc vb vàv vgm{vavobc# g azg tlb~l fzoivocn acf jgdbmocn t{ozovwall

tode# V`g ~bzlfl {botbc gygcvwall zgtwlvt oc t{ozovwal fgav`#

Acf vàv ot ~àv ot à{{gcocn vbfa oc v`g ~bzlf# Cggf {zbbi2 V`g cg~

@g _bw Eoft!



0>

@g _bw Eoft!

“Dall bi Fwv” namg damg bwv cbv vbb lbcn anb, acf O ecb~ bygz a fbxgc ~`b

~gzg av v`g tvbzg av mofcon`v vb jw ov# V`g “V~olon`v” bz “@azz [bvvgz” jbbet

acf mbyogt àyg a tomolaz giigdv# O dac ficf yofgbt bc W-Vwjg vàv àyg àf

bygz ? mollobc òvt# V`gc v`gzg azg VY t`b~t vb dbctofgz# _gt, tbmg bi v`gtgvòcnt azg cbv jaf, v`gmtglygt5 ov‟t hwtv vàv v`g dac vaeg bygz bwz loygt acf

dbcvzbl wt#

Tb lgv mg ate bw, `b~ mwd` vomg fof bw t{gcf vbfa ~ov` Nbf, oc

dbm{azotbc vb bwz gcvgzvaocmgcv2 O‟m nwolv tbmgvomgt bi lgvvocn v`g

gcvgzvaocmgcv ~oc j a `wng maznoc# Bcg fa O t{gcv ajbwv v`zgg `bwzt

lotvgcocn vb mwtod acf v`gc ajbwv bcg `bwz vòceocn acf tvwfocn ajbwv Nbf#

Acf vàv‟t hwtv mwtod# O àygc‟v dbwcvgf oc v`g vomg O‟yg t{gcv bc v`g ocvgzcgv

aivgz ~bze, bz zofocn m joeg# Tb, bw tgg v`g {zbjlgm#

Cb~ ~àv fbgt vàv omjalacdg fb2 Ov dzgavgt fotvacdg jgv~ggc bwztglygt

acf Nbf# V`g nbbf Lbzf bivgc t{gaet v`zbwn` a “tvoll tmall ybodg” (v`g

dbctdogcdg/, acf ov‟t tbmgvomgt azf vb gaz vàv bygz ac O-[bf# V`g v`zwtv gzg

ot vàv {gb{lg vbfa azg eollocn v`goz t{ozovwal ~alet j {botbcocn v`gmtglygt

~ov` gcvgzvaocmgcv# V`g jgdbmg dbctwmgf j v`g `gzg acf cb~ bi v ocnt

acf fbc‟v tvb{ vb noyg jade vb Nbf#

Bivgc vomgt v`g {`zatg, “noyg jade vb Nbf”, ot wtgf oc zgigzgcdg vb mbcg,

jwv `gzg O mgac ov ~ov` vomg# “[wzg acf wcfg filgf zglonobc jgibzg Nbf acf v`g

Iav`gz ot vòt8 vb yotov bz{àct acf ~ofb~t oc v`goz vzbwjlg, acf vb egg{ bcgtgli wct{bvvgf izbm v`g ~bzlf” (Hamgt 18:>/# [wzg zglonobc ot t`b~ocn lbyg vb

bv`gzt, acf vàv bivgc at a {zodg van bi vomg# Tom{l v`zb~ocn mbcg av {gb{lg

~oll cbv wtwall mggv v`goz cggft, cbz ~oll ov jzocn bw dlbtgz vb v`g acvofbvg

vb t{ozovwal fotvzadvobc# Vàv dbmgt izbm tovvocn fb~c acf t{gcfocn vomg ~ov`

Nbf, acf v`gc nbocn bwv acf fbocn tbmgvòcn ajbwv ov ~ov` v`btg azbwcf bw#

O {zbmotg, bw loyg cgaz tbmgbcg ~`b àt zgal t{ozovwal bz {`todal cggft#

Oi bw vaeg v`g vomg vb ngv vb ecb~ v`gm, bw‟ll ficf tbmg ~a vb t`b~ v`gm

Nbf‟t lbyg, acf oc v`g {zbdgtt bi `gl{ocn tbmgbcg gltg, bw ~oll àyg a dlbtgz ~ale ~ov` Nbf, bwztgli# Vz ov, acf fbc‟v jg t`# “Ibz Nbf àt cbv noygc wt

a t{ozov bi igaz, jwv bi {b~gz acf bi lbyg acf bi a tbwcf mocf” (: Vombv` 18>/#

^gaecgtt acf vomofov azg cbv dàzadvgzotvodt bi D`zotvoact, jwv Nbf noygt wt

a t{ozov bi lbyg, tvzgcnv`, acf tgli dbcvzbl# V`gtg azg acvofbvgt vb v`g t{ozovwal

{botbct vàv v`zgavgc wt#

[lgatg iggl izgg vb tàzg ac iggf jade bz ofgat# Nbf jlgtt#

Ibz iggfjade gmaol Algp Nojtbc av xgp1K`bvmaol#dbm bz [B jbp 1111, Bae nzbyg

E_ 6::9:, WTA#



Qwalo fidavobct bi Glfgzt

Jbccog Zwt`mbzg

Gad` dlwg ot a qwaloiodavobc ibz

glfgzt (1 Vombv` 481-0 CEHY/#

Adzbtt

1# cbv RRRRRRRRRRRRRR

6# RRRRRRRRRRRRRR

9# àyg iaovìwl

RRRRRRRRRR

># ajlg vb RRRRRRRRRRRRRR

0# RRRRRRRRRRRRRR


16# nbbf RRRRRRRRR ambcn v`btg ~`b azg

bwvtofg

Fb~c

:# Dòlfzgc oc

RRRRRRRRRRR

4# bcg RRRRRRRRRRRRRR

6# RRRRRRRRRRRRRR


># RRRRRRRRRRRRRR

?# RRRRRRRRRRRRRR

1;# RRRRRRRRRRRRRR

11# cbv RRRRRRRRRRRRRR 1:# cbv a lbygz bi RRRRRRRRRRRRR



0?

@g Fg{azvgf ibz a Tgatbc Jbccog Zwt`mbzg

Acf Hgtwt jgocn iwll bi v`g @bl N`btv zgvwzcgf izbm Hbzfac, acf

~at lgf j v`g T{ozov ocvb v`g ~olfgzcgtt, Jgocn ibzv fat vgm{vgf

bi v`g fgyol# Acf oc v`btg fat `g fof gav cbvòcn8 acf ~`gc v`g

~gzg gcfgf, `g aivgz~azf `wcngzgf# Acf v`g fgyol taof wcvb òm, Oi

v`bw jg v`g Tbc bi Nbf, dbmmacf vòt tvbcg vàv ov jg mafg jzgaf#

Acf Hgtwt act~gzgf òm, taocn, Ov ot ~zovvgc, Vàv mac tàll cbv

loyg j jzgaf albcg, jwv j gygz ~bzf bi Nbf# Acf v`g fgyol, vaeocn

òm w{ ocvb ac òn` mbwcvaoc, t`g~gf wcvb òm all v`g eocnfbmt bi v`g ~bzlf oc a mbmgcv bi vomg# Acf v`g fgyol taof wcvb òm, All vòt

{b~gz ~oll O noyg v`gg, acf v`g nlbz bi v`gm8 ibz vàv ot fgloygzgf

wcvb mg5 acf vb ~`bmtbgygz O ~oll O noyg ov# Oi v`bw v`gzgibzg ~olv

~bztò{ mg, all tàll jg vòcg# Acf Hgtwt act~gzgf acf taof wcvb

òm, Ngv v`gg jgòcf mg, Tavac8 ibz ov ot ~zovvgc, V`bw tàlv ~bztò{

v`g Lbzf v` Nbf, acf òm bcl tàlv v bw tgzyg# Acf `g jzbwn`v òm

vb Hgzwtalgm, acf tgv òm bc a {occadlg bi v`g vgm{lg, acf taof wcvb

òm, Oi v`bw jg v`g Tbc bi Nbf, datv v`tgli fb~c izbm gcdg8 Ibz ov ot~zovvgc, @g tàll noyg òt acnglt dàzng bygz v`gg, vb egg{ v`gg8 Acf

oc v`goz àcft v`g tàll jgaz v`gg w{, lgtv av ac vomg v`bw fat` v`

ibbv anaoctv a tvbcg# Acf Hgtwt act~gzocn taof wcvb òm, Ov ot taof,

V`bw tàlv cbv vgm{v v g Lbzf v` Nbf# Acf ~`gc v`g fgyol af gcfgf

all v`g vgm{vavobc, `g fg{azvgf izbm òm ibz a tgatbc# Lweg 681-14

Mbtv bi wt zgmgmjgz v`g jojlodal addbwcv bi v`g vgm{vavobc bi Hgtwt D`zotv

at zgdbzfgf oc Mavv`g~ 681-11 acf Lweg 681-14# ^òlg Mavv`g~ acf Lweg

nayg v`g fgvaolt bi v`g vgm{vavobc bi bwz Lbzf, Maze d`btg vb tom{l tvavg,“ Ommgfoavgl v`g T{ozov fzbyg @om ocvb v`g ~olfgzcgtt# Acf @g ~at v`gzg oc

v`g ~olfgzcgtt ibzv fat, vgm{vgf j Tavac, acf ~at ~ov` v`g ~olf jgatvt5 acf

v`g acnglt mocotvgzgf vb @om” (Maze 181:-14/#

ôtg blf Tavac ~aovgf ibz hwtv v g zon`v vomg vb vgm{v Hgtwt# Ibllb~ocn

v`g ja{votm bi D`zotv, Nbf accbwcdgf vb all nav`gzgf v`gzg albcn v`g jacet bi

v`g Hbzfac Zoygz, “ Acf twffgcl a ybodg damg izbm `gaygc, taocn, ‐Vòt ot

M jglbygf Tbc, oc ~`bm O am ~gll {lgatgf ‟” (Mavv`g~ 481>/# V`g biiodoal

{zbdlamavobc ~at mafg at vb v`g vzwg ofgcvov bi Hgtwt D`zotv bwz Lbzf acf

Vgpvwal Tvwfogt



?;

Vgpvwal Tvwfogt

Tayobz# Aljgzv Jazcgt mafg v`g ibllb~ocn bjtgzyavobc8

Tavac‟t vgm{vavobct azg bivgc v`g tvzbcngtv ommgfoavgl aivgz

~g àyg jggc zgmazeajl iaybzgf# Hgtwt àf hwtv jggc dallgf v`g

Tbc bi Nbf, acf Tavac vbbe vòt b{{bzvwcov vb vz òm# @g bi-vgc avvgm{vt vb fill wt ~ov` {zofg acf yaoc tgli-dbcdgov ~`gc ~g

àyg jggc iaybzgf ~ov` ac {gadg bi mocf, bz ac cg~ yog~

bi Nbf, acf gcfgaybzt vb wzng wt vb fb tbmgvòcn ~òd` ma

jzocn wt lb~ acf lgaf wt vb toc# ( Jazcgt‟ Cbvgt# Jojlgtbiv, :;;9/

Tavac b{gf vàv ~ov` v`g {wjlod adecb~lgfngmgcv vàv Hgtwt ~at v`g Tbc

bi Nbf, @ot `gazv ~bwlf jg t~gllgf ~ov` {zofg maeocn @om twtdg{vojlg vb v`g

fgyol‟t vgm{vavobct, ibz vòt ot v`g tdgcazob bi mbzval mac ([zbygzjt 19810/#

Oc affovobc, {bwcdocn w{bc Hgtwt, at v`bwn` @g àf jggc a mbzval mac

{wiigf ~ov` {zofg, Tavac ~aovgf wcvol Hgtwt ~at `wcnz jgibzg a{{zbadòcn

@om# D`zotv àf cbv gavgc ibz 6; fat, maeocn @om {`todall ~gae# Ov ot

zgatbcajlg vb gp{gdv bcg ~`b ot `wcnz vb zgadv iaybzajl ~ov` v`g biigz bi

ibbf# Altb, Tavac‟t zgqwgtv tggmgf zgatbcajlg vb v`g `wmac cavwzg bi mac#



?1

Vgpvwal Tvwfogt

@b~gygz, Tavac iaolgf vb zgmgmjgz vàv Hgtwt D`zotv ~at cbv mgzgl a `wmac,

jwv @g ot v`g Tbc bi Nbf#

Hgtwt act~gzgf gad` bi v`g v`zgg aygcwgt bi vgm{vavobc ~ov` “ov ot ~zovvgc”

(Mavv`g~ 686,>,1;/# D`zotv wtgf Nbf‟t ~zovvgc bzf vb zgjweg Tavac ibz avvgm{vocn vb maeg @om a ibllb~gz bi v`g Fgyol#

Lweg 6814 tvavgt, “Acf ~`gc v`g fgyol àf gcfgf all v`g vgm{vavobc, `g

fg{azvgf izbm òm ibz a tgatbc#” Tavac fgdofgf vàv `g ~bwlf lgayg Hgtwt

albcg ibz a {gzobf bi vomg# @g fof cbv noyg w{, jwv `g {laccgf vb avvade av

acbv`gz b{{bzvwcov, ~`gc `g `b{gf D`zotv ~bwlf jg mbzg twtdg{vojlg vb òt

~ol ~at# V`g Tdzo{vwzgt fb cbv zgygal ac bv gz avvgm{vt bi Tavac vgm{vocn

D`zotv, gv v`g Jojlg dlgazl vgad`gt vàv Tavac {laccgf vb zgvwzc#

Hwtv at Tavac vzogf vb lwzg D`zotv a~a izbm Nbf, `g ot folongcvl tggeocn

D`zotvoact `g dac {wll a~a izbm Nbf# [gb{lg bi v`g ~bzlf azg Tavac‟t

tgzyacvt, tb `g fbgt cbv cggf vb vgm{v v`gm vb toc# V`g alzgaf loyg a loig bi

toc# V`g fgyol {ladgt òt gm{àtot bc fza~ocn D`zotvoact a~a izbm Nbf vb

lgaf v`gm ocvb a loig bi toc zav`gz vàc a loig bi tgzyodg vb Nbf#

^g mwtv ecb~ v`g Tdzo{vwzgt oc bzfgz vb zgtotv v`g vgm{vavobct bi Tavac#

Vbfa‟t D`zotvoac mwtv àyg v`g avvovwfg bi v`g Jgzgact at zgdbzfgf oc Advt

1>81;,11# V`g tgazd`gf v`g Tdzo{vwzgt faol, ygzoiocn v`g vgadòcn bi [awl

acf Tolat# Vòt ~at cbv ac gat vate tocdg v`g fof cbv àyg a dbm{lgvgf Jojlg

at ~g àyg vbfa# V`g Jgzgact àf vb nb vb v`g tcanbnwg, zgqwgtv a tdzbll,tvwf ov, acf v`gc zgvwzc ov# V`g fof vòt gygz fa# g cggf vb tvwf bwz

Jojlgt gygz fa#

Tavac ma lgayg wt albcg ibz t`bzv {gzobft bi vomg, jwv g ot al~at lwzeocn

ajbwv, ~aovocn ibz b{{bzvwcovogt vb lwzg wt a~a izbm Nbf (1 [gvgz 780/# Tavac

lbbet ibz vomgt ~`gc ~g azg ~gae, lbcgl, bz igaziwl# Tavac altb lbbet ibz

vomgt ~`gc ~g ma jg igglocn ocyocdojlg# Tbmgvomgt ~`gc ~g iggl ~g àyg

dbcqwgzgf bcg tociwl vzaov, ~g iaol vb {zbvgdv bwztglygt izbm v`g fgyol‟t avvadet

oc bv`gz azgat bi bwz loygt# Tavac ot al~at lbbeocn ibz bwz ~gaecgttgt vb wtgvb vgm{v wt vb toc#

Tavac lgiv Hgtwt ibz a tgatbc, acf `g ~oll lgayg wt vgm{bzazol, jwv ecb~

vòt — `g ot al~at lbbeocn ibz bwz ~gaecgttgt vb vgm{v wt acf maeg wt òt

tgzyacvt#

Jbccog Zwt`mbzg ot a tvaii ~zovgz ibz V`g Ybodg bi Vzwv` Ocvgzcavobcal acf Nlbjal @azygtv manaxocgt at ~gll at a labwv {gztbc ibz v`g ibzmgz# T`g acf gz wtjacfloyg oc ôcbca, Mottotto{{o, WTA ~`gzg v`g acf bv`gzt dbb{gzavg vb `gl{ {gz{gvw-avg v`g lbcn-tvacfocn mottobcaz ~bze acf {wjlotòcn bi v`g lavg H#D# D`bavg#



?:

Vgpvwal Tvwfogt

“J iaov` `g

ibztbbe Gn{v, cbv

igazocn v`g ~zav` bi v`g

eocn5 ibz `g gcfwzgf

at tggocn òm ~`b ot

ocyotojlg” ( @gjzg~t

118:>/# Vòt {attang

ot hwtv bcg bi tgygzal

ajbwv Mbtgt acf òt

~ale ~ov` Nbf# @ot

gcfwzacdg ot affzgttgf

oc ygztg v~gcv-tgygc

at a cgdgttaz qwalov

ibz òt iaovìwlcgtt#Gcfwzacdg ~oll jg

affzgttgf anaoc, at

v`g ~zovgz gp`bzvt,

“V`gzgibzg ~g altb,

tocdg ~g azg twzzbwcfgf

j tb nzgav a dlbwf bi

~ovcgttgt, lgv wt la

atofg gygz ~gon`v, acf v`g toc ~òd` tb gatol gctcazgt wt, acf lgv wt zwc ~ov` gcfwzacdg v`g zadg vàv ot

tgv jgibzg wt” (@gjzg~t 1:81/# V`gzg ot tbmgvòcn ajbwv v`g gcfwzacdg bi Mbtgt

~`gc iadocn v`g vzoalt bi Gn{v vàv dac `gl{ all bi wt vb gcfwzg vbfa# Dbctofgz

v`zgg v`bwn`vt#

1# V`g Cavwzg bi Iaov`# V`g iaovìwl dòlf bi Nbf ot affzgttgf oc a tom{lg

{odvwzg oc v`g jbbe bi Lweg# “Jwv v`g bcgt vàv igll bc v`g nbbf nzbwcf

azg v`btg ~`b, àyocn `gazf v`g ~bzf ~ov` a cbjlg acf nbbf `gazv, egg{

“@g Gcfwzgf”@gjzg~t 118:>

Homm Dlaze



?4

Vgpvwal Tvwfogt

ov acf jgaz izwov ~ov` {avogcdg” (Lweg 0817/# Jojlodal iaov` ot vàv ~òd`

azotgt izbm v`g zon`v eocf bi `gazv egg{ocn v`g oct{ozgf bzf bi Nbf, acf

izbm vàv, jgazocn izwov ~ov` {avogcdg# Mbtgt fivt vàv {zbfilg# V`g ~bzf

vzactlavgf “{avogcdg” oc Lweg 0817 lovgzall mgact “vb zgmaoc wcfgz”# Oct{ovg bi v`g {zgttwzg vb noyg oc, Mbtgt allb~gf Nbf vb fozgdv òt dbwztg oc

loig# Gcfwzacdg ocyblygt “egg{ bc egg{ocn bc”# Hb`c ~zbvg bi twd` iaov`-

iwlcgtt, “^`bgygz at jggc jbzc bi Nbf fbgt cbv toc, ibz ot tggf zgmaoct

oc om5 acf g daccbv toc, jgdawtg g at jggc jbzc bi Nbf” ( 1 Hb`c 48?/#

V`g ocdbzzw{vojlg tggf vàv maegt bcg a dòlf bi Nbf (di 1 [gvgz 18:4/ ot

v`g tamg tggf vàv egg{t bcg a iaovìwl dòlf bi Nbf, ~`gzg ovt {b~gz acf

giigdvt azg a{{zgdoavgf acf {zadvodgf#

:# V`g Cggf vb Ibztaeg# V`gzg ot cb gcfwzacdg ~`gzg v`g `gazv ot foyofgf#^òlg Mbtgt loygf ibz a ~òlg oc v`g `bwtg bi [àzab`, v`g zgal eocn bi

Mbtgt ~at Hg`bya`# @ot iaov` ~at vogf vb v`g Lbzf bi `gaygc, cbv v`g lbzf

bi Gn{v# @g igazgf Nbf, cbv mgc# Ibztaeocn Gn{v ~at cgdgttaz vàv

`g mon`v gcfwzg# V`gzg azg vòcnt bi vòt loig vàv v g dòlf bi Nbf mwtv

ibztaeg, oi `g ot vb gcfwzg# “Oi acbcg dbmgt vb mg acf fbgt cbv àvg òt

iav`gz acf mbv`gz, ~oig acf dòlfzgc, jzbv`gzt acf totvgzt, gt, acf òt

b~c loig altb, `g daccbv jg m fotdo{lg# Acf ~`bgygz fbgt cbv jgaz òt

dzbtt acf dbmg aivgz mg daccbv jg m fotdo{lg… Tb loeg~otg, ~`bgygz

bi bw fbgt cbv ibztaeg all vàv `g àt daccbv jg m fotdo{lg” (Lweg

168:9,:>,44/# V`g {bocv Hgtwt ~at maeocn ot vàv cbvòcn ot vb dbmg jg-

v~ggc v`g ocfoyofwal acf v`g Lbzf, at iaz at yalwgt, aiigdvobct, acf v`g loeg#

Nbf gov`gz vaegt vb{ {zobzov, bz iaolwzg ot attwzgf# Lbyg cgov`gz v`g ~bzlf

cbz v`g vòcnt bi ov (di# 1 Hb`c :817/# Mbtgt loygf vàv qwalov#

4# V`g Cbvg~bzv` Ibdwt# Mbtgt gcfwzgf, tggocn v`g Bcg ~`b ot ocyot-

ojlg vb v`g gt`l gg# Gygz fa mwtv jg loygf ~ov` v`g ibdwt vàv Nbf

ot {zgtgcv acf a~azg bi bcg‟t dbmocnt acf nbocnt# Gazlogz oc v`g jbbe bi @gjzg~t ov ot tvavgf, “Acf v`gzg ot cb dzgavwzg òffgc izbm òt ton`v, jwv

all vòcnt azg caegf acf b{gc vb v`g ggt bi om vb ~`bm ~g mwtv noyg ad-

dbwcv” ( @gjzg~t 6814/# Vb v`g iaovìwl, vàv ot cbv a dwztg, jwv a jlgttocn#

[gvgz ~zbvg, “Ibz v`g ggt bi v`g Lbzf azg bc v`g zon`vgbwt, acf òt gazt

azg b{gc vb v`goz {zagzt” ( 1 [gvgz 481:/# Gcfwzacdg ibdwtgt bc v`g Bcg

~`b ot a zg~azfgz bi v`btg ~`b folongcvl tgge @om (di# @gjzg~t 1189/#

Homm Dlaze {zgad`gt ibz v`g Jgv`gl D`wzd` bi D`zotv oc Av`gct, Alajama, WTA#



?6

Vgpvwal Tvwfogt

T{gaeocn oc VbcnwgtZbdg Izgfgzode

“Acf v`g ~gzg all iollgf ~ov` v`g @bl T{ozov acf jgnac vb t{gae ~ov`

bv`gz vbcnwgt, at v`g T{ozov nayg v`gm wvvgzacdg” (Advt :86/# gzg v`gtg

advwal lacnwangt dbcygocn a mgttang bz mgzgl tvzgamt bi ybdal tbwcft

~òd` dbwlf cbv jg wcfgztvbbf2

Advt :87,9 zgygalt v`g ~gzg advwal lacnwangt8 “Acf v`gzg ~gzg f~gllocn

oc Hgzwtalgm Hg~t, fgybwv mgc, izbm gygz cavobc wcfgz `gaygc# Acf ~`gc

vòt tbwcf bddwzzgf, v`g mwlvovwfg damg vbngv`gz, acf ~gzg dbciwtgf, jgdawtg

gygzbcg `gazf v`gm t{gae oc òt b~c lacnwang#”

Izbm v`g yog~{bocv bi v`g a{btvlgt, v`gtg ~gzg “bv`gz vbcnwgt” — ibzgonc

lacnwangt, wcecb~c vb v`g a{btvlgt# @gjzg~ ~at v`goz acdgtvzal lacnwang, jwv

Azamaod acf Nzgge ~gzg v`g lacnwangt ~ofgl t{begc oc Otzagl# @b~ dbwlf

v`gtg a{btvlgt izbm lb~l Nalolgg twffgcl t{gae ilwgcvl oc bv`gz lacnwangt

v`g àf cgygz lgazcgf2

Izbm v`g yog~{bocv bi v`g `gazgzt, v`gtg vbcnwgt ~gzg v`goz b~c cavoyg

lacnwangt# “V`gc v`g ~gzg all amaxgf acf mazyglgf, taocn vb bcg acbv`gz,

‐Lbbe, azg cbv all v`gtg ~`b t{gae Nalolgact2 Acf `b~ ot ov vàv ~g `gaz,gad` oc bwz b~c lacnwang oc ~òd` ~g ~gzg jbzc2 [azvòact acf Mgfgt acf

Glamovgt, v`btg f~gllocn oc Mgtb{bvamoa, Hwfga acf Da{{afbdoa, [bcvwt acf

Atoa, [`znoa acf [am{`loa, Gn{v acf v`g {azvt bi Loja afhbococn Dzgcg,

yotovbzt izbm Zbmg, jbv` Hg~t acf {zbtglvgt, Dzgvact acf Azajt5 ~g `gaz

v`gm t{gaeocn oc bwz b~c vbcnwgt v`g ~bcfgziwl ~bzet bi Nbf‟” (Advt :8>-

11/# All bi v`g {gb{lg `gazf a dlgaz mgttang oc v`goz b~c lacnwang!

V`g mozadlg bi t{gaeocn oc bv`gz lacnwangt8 Gcajlgf v`g Nbt{gl vb t{zgaf qwodel acf addwzavgl vb all cavobct acf

gv`cod nzbw{t#

Dbciozmgf v`g Nbt{gl mgttang (Maze 1981>/ fwzocn v`g ociacd bi v`g

d`wzd`, ~òlg v`g Cg~ Vgtvamgcv ~at jgocn ~zovvgc#

Dgatgf (gcfgf/ aivgz v`g Cg~ Vgtvamgcv ~at dbm{lgvgl ~zovvgc (1

Dbzocvòact 1480-1;5 Hamgt 18:75 Hb`c 1981:,145 : [gvgz 1845 Hwfg 4/#

Zbdg Izgfgzode ot v`g Gfovbz bi Ocvgzcavobcal Nbt{gl Vgad`gz acf loygt oc Ibzv

^bzv`, Vgpat, WTA#



?7

Jojlg @otvbz

V`g tvbz bi Hbtg{`‟t zotg vb

{b~gz oc Gn{v aivgz àyocn jggc

tblf ocvb tlaygz j òt jzbv`gzt

(Ngcgtot 4>-7;/ ot bcg bi v`g mbtv

mgmbzajlg oc Tdzo{vwzg, acf Fa-yof Zb`l ot dbcyocdgf vàv Jogvae‟t

~bze av Ayazot àt wcdbygzgf gyo-

fgcdg bi Hbtg{`‟t {zgtgcdg v`gzg#

Jzogil, v`g iadvt azg v`gtg8 oc

1?0> Jogvae fotdbygzgf v`g lazngtv

tg{wld`zg tb iaz ibwcf av Ayazot,

acf vòt iwcgzaz mbcwmgcv a{-

{gazt vb jg bcg bi v`g gazlogtv av v`g

tovg# V`g vbmj ~at gm{v acf “all

v`g tonct {bocvgf vb a dazgiwl dlgaz-

acdg bi v`g yawlv zav`gz vàc v`g

wtwal zactadeocn#” V`g zgmaoct bi

a v~odg-loig-toxg tvavwg zgygal vàv

v`g b~cgz bi v`g vbmj `glf òn` bi-

iodg jwv ~at a ibzgoncgz5 v`g `gaf bi

v`g tvavwg ~at jafl famangf, v`g

cbtg àyocn jggc tmat`gf bii, v`g

ggt àyocn jggc nbwngf bwv, acf

ac avvgm{v àyocn jggc mafg vb

dlgayg ov oc v~b# Zb`l ot dbcyocdgf

vàv Jogvae àt wcdbygzgf v`g vbmj

bi Hbtg{`#

Av {zgtgcv v`gzg ot hwtv cbv

gcbwn` ocibzmavobc ayaolajlg vb fg-

dofg v`g mavvgz, jwv Zb`l‟t twnngt-

vobc ot ocvzonwocn# Ov fbgt tggm gyo-

fgcv vàv Hbtg{` àf a zgtofgcdg oc

v`g lacf bi Nbt`gc (Ngcgtot 6781;5

7;8::/, acf bi dbwztg, oi vòt ot v`g

datg `g ~bwlf àyg jggc ambcn

v`g gazlogtv Tgmovgt loyocn av v`g

tovg# Vbb, Hbtg{` `glf òn` biiodg

ambcn v`g Gn{voact, acf `g ~at

a ibzgoncgz# @ot jbf ~at zgmbygf

izbm òt vbmj av v`g vomg bi v`g

Gpbfwt# Iwzv`gzmbzg, v`g {lanwgt

w{bc Gn{v ~bwlf àyg jzbwn`v

nzgav twiigzocn w{bc v`g lacf, acfov ~bwlf jg qwovg wcfgztvacfajlg oi

v`g tvavwg bi a ygcgzavgf Otzaglovg

jgdamg v`g bjhgdv bi yacfalotm j

v`btg lgiv oc v`g lacf# [gzà{t iw-

vwzg ~bze av v`g tovg ~oll fgdofg vòt

qwgtvobc#

Zgp Jacet {zgad`gt v`g Nbt{gl oc

@amolvbc, Cg~ Xgalacf#

Azdàgblbnodal Gyofgcdg bi Hbtg{òc Gn{v2

Zgp Jacet



?9

Dàzvt acf Bwvlocgt

Tbmg Vòcnt ^g Dac Ecb~ H#A# V`bzcvbc

Ocvzbfwdvobc8

A# g dac ecb~ j ton`v, fgfwdvobc izbm gyofgcdg (iaov`/# “Cb~ iaov`

ot v`g twjtvacdg bi vòcnt `b{gf ibz, v`g gyofgcdg bi vòcnt cbv tggc”

(@gjzg~t 1181/#

J# g ~oll jg zgt{bctojlg ibz ~àv ~g dac acf fb ecb~#

O# ^g Dac Ecb~ v`g Vzwv`

A# “Acf bw tàll ecb~v`g vzwv , acf v`g vzwv` tàll maeg bw

J# izgg”(Hb`c 0841,4:/#D# All dac ecb~ oi ~g fgtozg (Hb`c >81>/#

F# Ecb~ocn v`g vzwv` dallt ibz wt vb bjg ov “### bw àyg {wzo figf bwz

tbwlt oc bjgocn v`g vzwv`###” (1 [gvgz 18::,:4/#

OO# ^g Dac Ecb~ v`g [lac bi Talyavobc

A# Ov ot at tom{lg at :%:=6 (Maze 19819/#

J# g dac ecb~ vàv ja{votm taygt “### V`g loeg fi nwzg ~`gzgwcvb gygc

ja{votm fbv` altb cb~ tayg wt###” (1 [gvgz 48:1/#

D# g dac ecb~ vàv ~g ecb~ @om “Acf `gzgj ~g fb ecb~ vàv ~gecb~ òm, oi ~g egg{ òt dbmmacfmgcvt# @g vàv taov`, O ecb~

òm, acf egg{gv` cbv òt dbmmacfmgcvt, ot a loaz, acf v`g vzwv` ot cbv

oc òm# Jwv ~`btb egg{gv` ot ~bzf, oc òm ygzol ot v`g lbyg bi Nbf

{gzigdvgf8 gzgj ecb~ ~g vàv ~g azg oc òm” (1 Hb`c :84-7/#

OOO# ^g Ecb~ vàv Nbf @gazt Cbv Toccgzt (Hb`c ?8:6,41/

A# @b~ dbwlf v`g ibzmgz jlocf mac àyg ecb~c vòt ([zbygzjt :08?5

17805 18:9-:05 [talm, 9981?/2

J# g dac ecb~ @g `gazt “Cb~ vòt ot v`g dbc fifgcdg vàv ~g àyg oc @om, vàv oi ~g ate acvòcn addbzfocn vb @ot ~oll, @g `gazt wt” (1

Hb`c 7816,17/#

D# Bv`gz Cg~ Vgtvamgcv {attangt “Acf ~àvgygz ~g ate ~g zgdgoyg

izbm @om, jgdawtg ~g egg{ @ot dbmmacfmgcvt acf fb v`btg vòcnt

vàv azg {lgatocn oc @ot ton`v” (1 Hb`c 48::5 1 [gvgz 481:/#

OY# ^g Dac Ecb~ V`gzg Ot Bcg D`wzd`

A# D`zotv jwolv bcg ““Acf O altb ta vb bw vàv bw azg [gvgz, acf bc vòt



?>

Dàzvt acf Bwvlocgt

zbde O ~oll jwolf M d`wzd`, acf v`g navgt bi @afgt tàll cbv {zgyaol

anaoctv ov# Acf O ~oll noyg bw v`g egt bi v`g eocnfbm bi `gaygc, acf

~àvgygz bw jocf bc gazv` ~oll jg jbwcf oc `gaygc, acf ~àvgygz

bw lbbtg bc gazv` ~oll jg lbbtgf oc `gaygc” (Mavv`g~ 19810,1?/#J# @g {wzdàtgf bcg d`wzd`8 “### t`g{`gzf v`g d`wzd` bi Nbf ~òd` @g

{wzdàtgf ~ov` @ot b~c jlbbf” (Advt :;8:0/#

D# V`gzg ot jwv bcg d`wzd`8 “### acf nayg @om vb jg `gaf bygz all vòcnt

vb v`g d`wzd`, ~òd` ot @ot jbf###” (G{`gtoact 18::,:4/ “V`gzg ot

bcg jbf acf bcg T{ozov, hwtv at bw ~gzg dallgf oc bcg `b{g bi bwz

dallocn5 bcg Lbzf, bcg iaov`, bcg ja{votm5 bcg Nbf acf Iav`gz bi

all, ~`b ot ajbyg all, acf v`zbwn` all, acf oc bw all” (G{`gtoact 6865

1 Dbzocvòact 1:8:;/#

F# @g afft vb bcg d`wzd`8 “Acf v`g Lbzf affgf vb v`g d`wzd` faol

v`btg ~`b ~gzg jgocn taygf” (Advt :86>/#

G# @g taygt bcg d`wzd`8 “D`zotv ot `gaf bi v`g d`wzd`5 acf @g ot v`g

Tayobz bi v`g jbf” (G{`gtoact 78:4/#

Y# ^g Dac Ecb~ @b~ vb Loyg

A# ale oc cg~cgtt bi loig “V`gzgibzg ~g ~gzg jwzogf ~ov` @om v`zbwn`

ja{votm ocvb fgav`, vàv hwtv at D`zotv ~at zaotgf izbm v`g fgaf j

v`g nlbz bi v`g Iav`gz, gygc tb ~g altb t`bwlf ~ale oc cg~cgtt bi

loig” (Zbmact 986/#

J# Loyg tbjgzl, zon`vgbwtl, acf nbfl (Vovwt :811-16/#

D# Tgv bwz aiigdvobct bc vòcnt ajbyg (Dblbttoact 481-4/#

YO# ^g Dac Ecb~ g Mwtv Fog

A# Ov ot tb a{{bocvgf “Acf at ov ot a{{bocvgf ibz mgc vb fog bcdg, jwv

aivgz vòt v`g hwfnmgcv” (@gjzg~t ?8:>/#

J# V`g loyocn ecb~ vòt (G{`gtoact ?87/#

D# Ov ot v g ~a bi all v`g gazv` (1 Eocnt :81-6/#YOO# g Dac Ecb~ g Tàll Iadg v`g Hwfnmgcv (@gjzg~t ?8:>/

A# Nbf àt a{{bocvgf a fa “@g àt a{{bocvgf a fa bc ~òd` @g ~oll

hwfng v`g ~bzlf oc zon`vgbwtcgtt###” (Advt 1>84;,41/#

J# All ~oll jg hwfngf (: Dbzocvòact 781;/#

D# Tgdzgvt ~oll jg hwfngf (Gddlgtoatvgt 1:814,16/#

F# g ~oll jg hwfngf j v`g bzf (Hb`c 1:8605 Zgyglavobc :;81:-17/#

H# A# V`bzcvbc, cb~ fgdgatgf, ~at a lbcnvomg {zgad`gz oc v`g tvavg bi Mottotto{{o,

WTA#



??

Dàzvt acf Bwvlocgt

4# Zgyglavobc 16811

6# Maze ?864-60

7# O fbc‟v ocvgcf vb nb v`gzg ac~a# Fbc‟v ~acv vb nb#

D# V`g vbzmgcv `g gcfwzgf v`gc `g tvoll gcfwzgt vbcon`v#OOO# Ov at Vbb Lavg vb [za

A# [zagz ot tb bivgc ajwtgf — a ~atvg bi vomg, advwall#

J# “ Iav`gz Ajzaàm, àyg mgzd bc mg#” “Tgcf Laxazwt vàv `g ma

fo{ v`g vo{ bi ot ficngz oc ~avgz vb dbbl m vbcnwg5 ibz O am vbzmgcvgf

oc vòt amg#” “O {za v`gg v`gzgibzg, Iav`gz, vàv v`bw ~bwlfgtv tgcf

òm vb m iav`gz‟t `bwtg…”

1# Cbv a tocnlg fgtozg ~at nzacvgf#

:# @btga 148164# Otaoa` 7789,>

D# Gygz zgqwgtv ~bwlf àyg jggc nzacvgf oc loig#

OY# Vbb Lavg vb Jg Mottobc-Mocfgf

A# “ Ibz O àyg fiyg jzbv`gzt…” Lweg 198:>,:0#

J# @g ecg~ ~àv v`g cggfgf, Lweg 1984;#

D# g ecb~ v g tamg jwv fb cbv jglogyg ~g‟ll jg lbtv oi ~g fb cbv fb

v`gm#

Y# V`gzg Ot Cb Tgdbcf Dàcdg

A# “…v`gzg ot a nzgav nwli fi pgf5 tb vàv v`g…”

YO# âzcocnt Dbmg izbm Nbf‟t ^bzf

A# “ Oi v`g ~oll cbv `gaz Mbtgt acf v`g {zb{`gvt…v`g àyg Mbtgt acf

v`g {zb{`gvt…v g ~bwlf cbv `gaz v`bwn` bcg…”

J# @gjzg~t ?8:>5 : Dbzocvòact 781;5 Zbmact 1681;,1:5 Hb`c 1:860

YOO# Gygc a Dòlf bi Nbf Dac Jg Lbtv

A# Vòt mac a Hg~ — “Iav`gz Ajzaàm” — “Tbc, zgmgmjgz…”J# Zgyglavobc :81;5 1 Dbzocvòact 178705 Mavv`g~ 1;8::5 Nalavoact 9815

Hamgt 781?5 1 Hb`c 18?5 Advt 0814-:6

Dwzvot Dam{ {zgad`gf v`g ^bzf bi Nbf ibz mac gazt, {zomazol oc Vgpat, WTA#

“Acf at ov ot a{{bocvgf ibz mgc vb fog bcdg, jwv

aivgz vòt v`g hwfnmgcv” (@gjzg~t ?8:> CEHY/#



1;;

Ajzaàm8

A MacEcb~c Bi

Nbf(Ngcgtot 10810,1?/

Homm _bwcnVb ta vàv Ajzaàm ~at

a ~gll-ecb~c mac bi Nbf

ot ~ov`bwv qwgtvobc# Mac

Jojlg td`blaztt v`zbwn` v`g

gazt àyg vawn`v `b~ Nbf

d`btg Ajzaàm# @g mafg

a dbygcacv ~ov` òm, acf jlgttgf òm ~ov` v`g (1/ lacf {zbmotg, (:/ cavobc

{zbmotg, acf (4/ Mgttoa` {zbmotg (Ngcgtot 1:81-4/#Jwv ~` fof Nbf d`bbtg Ajzaàm2 Bwv bi all v`g mgc aloyg av vàv vomg,

~` Ajzaàm2 gll, ~g all ecb~ ov ~at jgdawtg bi ot iaov`# Oc Ngcgtot 1789 ~g

zgaf8 “Acf g jglogygf oc v`g LBZF5 acf g dbwcvgf ov vb om ibz zon`vgbwtcgtt#”

Ov ~at jgdawtg bi Ajzaàm‟t bjgfogcv iaov` (Ngcgtot ::817-10# Nbf d`btg

Ajzaàm jgdawtg @g ecg~ ~àv eocf bi mac `g ~at (Ngcgtot 10810,1?/#

A dlbtg tvwf bi Ajzaàm ot om{bzvacv jgdawtg ov dbwlf maeg a foiigzgcdg

oc ~`gv`gz ~g bz bwz dòlfzgc maeg ov vb `gaygc bz cbv#

Ov ot tb om{bzvacv vb zgmgmjgz, “Ibz O ecb~ òm, vàv `g ~oll dbmmacf òt dòlfzgc acf òt `bwtg`blf aivgz òm, acf v`g tàll egg{ v`g ~a bi v`g

LBZF, vb fb hwtvodg acf hwfnmgcv5 vàv v`g LBZF ma jzocn w{bc Ajzaàm

vàv ~òd` `g àv` t{begc bi òm” (Ngcgtot 1081?/# Nbf ecg~ òm jgdawtg

@g ot bmcotdogcv ([talm 14?81-9/# Fbc‟v vòce ibz a mbmgcv vàv Nbf fbgtc‟v

ecb~ wt vbb (Mavv`g~ 1;84;5 1 Vombv` 78:6,:7/!

Nbf ecg~ vàv Ajzaàm ~bwlf dbmmacf ot dòlfzgc (Ngcgtot 1081?/# V`gzg

~gzg cb “b{vobct” ibz Ajzaàm‟t bwtg`blf# Vbfa, mac azg vbb lap oc dbmmacf-

ocn v`goz dòlfzgc vb egg{ v`g ~a bi v`g Lbzf# Act~gz v`g ibllb~ocn qwgtvobct8

Jojlg Dàzadvgzt



1;1

Jojlg Dàzadvgzt

1# bwlf ~g jg lap oi bwz tbc"fawn`vgz ~acgf vb {la ~ov` {botbc2

:# bwlf ~g allb~ bwz dòlfzgc vb {la oc a jwt tvzggv2

4# bwlf ~g allb~ bwz dòlfzgc vb fgdofg ibz v`gmtglygt oc zgnazf vb avvgcf-

ocn td`bbl2

V`g Jojlg vgllt wt vàv Ajzaàm dbmmacfgf òt `bwtg`blf# bwlf v`gzg

jg acvòcn ~zbcn ~ov` vàv vbfa2 V`g act~gz ot bjyobwt, “CB!” At a mavvgz

bi iadv, Ajzaàm ot vb jg a tvacfocn gpam{lg gygc vbfa# Tblbmbc taof, “A

vzwg ~ovcgtt fgloygzgv` tbwlt8 jwv a fgdgoviwl ~ovcgtt t{gaegv` logt” ([zbygzjt

168:7/# Hgtwt maegt ov dlgaz oc Mavv g~ >814,16 zgnazfocn v`g om{bzvacdg bi

maeocn v`g dbzzgdv d`bodg#

Jgdawtg bi Ajzaàm‟t {zb{gz d`bodg, Nbf jlgttgf òm (Ngcgtot 10810,

1?j/, jwv v`btg jlgttocnt ~gzg fg{gcfgcv w{bc Ajzaàm‟t iaovìwlcgtt# V`g

zgtwlv bi òt loig, bi òt dbmmacfocn òt dòlfzgc, ~at a iaovìwl lgnad# V`g

camgt bi òt dòlfzgc, Otaad, Hadbj, Hbtg{`, Fayof, zocn bwv lbwfl oc v`g

òtvbz bi maceocf#

^àv azg ~g jwolfocn ibz v`g Lbzf2 ôll ~g ayg a iaovìwl fcatv2 g,

vbb, mwtv dbmmacf bwz dòlfzgc acf bwz `bwtg`blft tb vàv ~g, acf v`g, ~oll

jg jlgttgf j Nbf# Ma Nbf zaotg w{ mgc acf ~bmgc loeg wcvb Ajzaàm ~`b

~oll dbmmacf v`goz bwtg`blft vb ~ale oc v`g ~a bi Nbf acf vb fb hwtvodg acf

hwfnmgcv!

Hommy _bwcn ~bzet ~ov` v`g Cgvvlgvbc D`wzd` bi D`zotv oc Hbcgtjbzb, Azeactat, WTA#

“Acf v`gtg ~bzft ~òd` O dbmmacf bw vbfa tàll jg oc bwz`gazv# _bw tàll vgad` v`gm folongcvl vb bwz dòlfzgc, acf tàll vale bi v`gm ~`gc bw tov oc bwz bwtg, ~`gc bw ~ale j v`g ~a, ~`gc bw log fb~c, acf ~`gc bw zotg w{# _bw tàll jocf v`gm at a tonc

bc bwz àcf, acf v`g tàll jg at izbcvlgvt jgv~ggc bwz ggt# _bwtàll ~zovg v`gm bc v`g fbbz{btvt bi bwz `bwtg acf bc bwz navgt#“Tb ov tàll jg, ~`gc v`g Lbzf bwz Nbf jzocnt bw ocvb v`g

lacf bi ~òd` @g t~bzg vb bwz iav`gzt, vb Ajzaàm, Otaad,acf Hadbj, vb noyg bw lazng acf jgawvoiwl dovogt ~òd` bwfof cbv jwolf, `bwtgt iwll bi all nbbf vòcnt, ~òd` bw fof cbvfill, `g~c-bwv ~gllt ~òd` bw fof cbv fon, yocgazft acf bloygvzggt ~òd` bw fof cbv {lacv…” (Fgwvgzbcbm 989-11 CEHY/#



1;:

Jojlg Dàzadvgzt

FbzdatFbzdat loygf oc Hb{{a, 67 molgt

cbzv`~gtv bi Hgzwtalgm# A tga{bzv

bc v`g Mgfovgzzacgac, Hb{{a ~at v`g

{ladg Tblbmbc wtgf vb nav`gz vom-

jgz ibz v`g Vgm{lg, acf v`g {ladg vb

~òd` Hbca` ilgf ~`gc `g jbazfgf a

tò{ vb Vaztòt`# Ibz ~àvgygz zga-

tbc, Hb{{a àf mac {bbz# At v`g blf

taocn nbgt, “V`g tga lgaygt mac

~ofb~t#”

Fbzdat dbwlfc‟v fb gygz dbc-

dgoyajlg nbbf ~bze ayaolajlg vb

D`zotvoact ‖ cb bcg dac ‖ jwv v`g

jgawv oc `gz D`zotvoacov ot vàv t`g

ibwcf tbmgvòcn t`g ~at nbbf av

acf {wv `gztgli vb fbocn ov ibz D`zotv#

Ygztg 49 tat, “…vòt ~bmac ~at iwll bi nbbf ~bzet acf almt fggft

~òd` t`g fof #” Almt fggft azg advt

bi eocfcgtt vb v`g {bbz# Loeg v`g yoz-

vwbwt ~bmac bi [zbygzjt 41, Fbzdat

~bzegf ~ollocnl ~ov` `gz àcft# :

Vombv` :81; vgad`gt vàv ~bmgc

t`bwlf “dlbv`g v`gmtglygt ~ov` nbbf

~bzet”# Fbzdat fof vàv#Ov‟t cb twz{zotg, v`gc, vàv {gb-

{lg ibwcf ov gat vb dazg ibz Fbzdat#

^`gc t`g fogf, v`gzg ~gzg igllb~-

D`zotvoact gangz vb dazg ibz `gz jbf

acf vgcf vb vòcnt# [gb{lg loeg Fbz-

dat ~`b fog ~ov`bwv iamologt ma jg

`wzzogfl jwzogf oc a {bvvgz‟t ioglf

ibz wcecb~ct, jwv cbv `gz# “ Acf ov

damg vb {att oc v`btg fat, vàv t`g

~at tode, acf fogf8 ~`bm ~`gc v`g

àf ~at`gf, v`g laof `gz oc ac w{- {gz dàmjgz…acf all v`g ~ofb~t

tvbbf j òm ~gg{ocn, acf t`b~ocn

v`g dbavt acf nazmgcvt ~òd` Fbzdat

mafg, ~òlg t`g ~at ~ov` v`gm” (Advt

?84>-4?/# Otc‟v vòt a t~ggvgz mgmb-

zoal vàc a iocg mazjlg tvbcg2

V`g Lbzf ta~ a cggf vb lgv Fbz-

dat loyg bc# Zgmgmjgz vàv vòt ot

oc v`g ioztv dgcvwz ~`gc mozadwlbwt

ajolovogt ~gzg {bttgttgf j Nbf‟t

{gb{lg, acf vàv ~g fbc‟v àyg twd`

{b~gzt vbfa# [gvgz ocvgzzw{vgf Fbz-

dat‟ b~c iwcgzal! V`gzg ~gzg av lgatv

v~b zgatbct Nbf fof vòt# Ioztv, at

~ov` all v`g bv`gz mozadlgt, @g fof ov

vb dbciozm v`g ^bzf vàv ~at jgocn

{zgad`gf j [gvgz acf v`g bv`gzt5 acftgdbcf, jgdawtg Fbzdat iollgf a cggf

cb bcg gltg dbwlf zgafol ioll# T`g

~at mon`vol om{bzvacv jgdawtg t`g

ibwcf `gz {ladg oc v`g jbf bi D`zotv

acf iollgf ov#

Nlgcc Dbllg ot v`g {zgad`gz ibz v`g^gtv @wcvtyollg D`wzd` bi D`zotv oc

@wcvtyollg, Alajama, WTA#

Nlgcc Dbllg



1;4

Dac bw ofgcvoi mg2 Zgaf gad` dlwg acf vòce dazgiwll#

Oi bw nwgtt m camg aivgz v`g fiztv dlwg, noyg bwztgli atdbzg bi 1;; {bocvt# Oi bw ecb~ ~`b O am bcl aivgz v`g

fiiv` dlwg, bwz tdbzg ot 9;, gvd# ^`gc bw azg twzg bi m

ofgcvov, lbbe w{ v`g {attangt bi Tdzo{vwzg ibllb~ocn gad`

dlwg vb ygzoi v`g iadvt izbm Nbf‟t ^bzf#

Tgg act~gz bc octofg jade dbygz My Tdbzg8RRRRRRRRR

1# O ~at a {zogtv#

:# M ~oig ~at a fgtdgcfacv bi Aazbc#

4# V`g Tdzo{vwzgt ta O ~at jlamglgtt jgibzg v`g Lbzf#

6# M ~oig ~at jazzgc acf ~g ~gzg jbv` blf#

7# Ac acngl a{{gazgf vb

mg ~òlg O ~at {gzibzm-

ocn m fwvogt bi jwzcocn

ocdgctg oc v`g vgm{lg#

9# V`g acngl vblf mg m

~oig ~bwlf àyg a tbc#

># Jgdawtg O fof cbv jg-

logyg v`g acngl, O ~at

tvzwde fwmj wcvol m

tbc ~at jbzc#

0# V`g acngl vblf mg m

tbc ~bwlf {zg{azg v`g

~a ibz v`g Lbzf#

?# M ~oig‟t camg ~at

Glotajgv`#

1;# M tbc‟t camg ~at

Hb`c#

^`b Am O 2

Zgjgdda Zwt`mbzg



1;6

Dac bw ofgcvoi mg2 Zgaf gad` dlwg acf vòce dazgiwll#

Oi bw nwgtt m camg aivgz v`g fiztv dlwg, noyg bwztgli atdbzg bi 1;; {bocvt# Oi bw ecb~ ~`b O am bcl aivgz v`g

fiiv` dlwg, bwz tdbzg ot 9;, gvd# ^`gc bw azg twzg bi m

ofgcvov, lbbe w{ v`g {attangt bi Tdzo{vwzg ibllb~ocn gad`

dlwg vb ygzoi v`g iadvt izbm Nbf‟t ^bzf#

Tgg act~gz bc octofg jade dbygz My Tdbzg8RRRRRRRRR

1# O am oc v`g cbzv`gatvgzc

{bzvobc bi v`g Colg Fglva#

:# M lacf azga ot ajbwv

?;; tqwazg molgt#

4# M lacf ~at nbbf ibz

nzaxocn acomalt jwv cbv

at nbbf ibz zaotocn dzb{t#

6# V`g Gn{voact fof cbvvòce mwd` bi m lacf#

7# V`g {àzab` nzacvgf {gzmottobc ibz a ibzgonc iamol vb tgvvlg m

lacf#

9# ^`gc Nbf {wcot`gf v`g Gn{voact ~ov` v`g {lanwgt, m lacf fof

cbv zgdgoyg v`g {lanwg bi ogt bz àol#

># Hbtg{` ~at a zwlgz oc Gn{v ~`gc v`g ibzgonc iamol tgvvlgf oc m lacf#

0# V`g ibzgonc iamol vb tgvvlg m lacf ~at Hbtg{`‟t iav`gz, jzbv`gzt,

acf v`goz iamologt#

?# Hbtg{`‟t iamol zaotgf `gzft acf bdet oc m lacf#

1;# Hbtg{`‟t iamol ~at noygc v`g hbj bi vgcfocn [àzab`‟t `gzft oc

m lacf#

^`gzg Am O 2

Zgjgdda Zwt`mbzg



1;7

Mac {gb{lg oc v`g zglonobwt

~bzlf jglogyg vàv at lbcn at bwz zg-

lonobc mggvt bwz cggft acf bw azg

tavotiogf, v`gc ov fbgtc‟v mavvgz ~àv

bw jglogyg acf {zadvodg# Aivgz all,~g azg all `gafgf vb v`g tamg {ladg#

At a zgtwlv bi vòt avvovwfg, ocfoyofw-

alt dac jglogyg ~àv v`g ~acv vb, acf

vgad` ~àv v`g ~acv vb, acf tvoll jg

addg{vajlg vb Nbf# Jwv ot vòt avvovwfg

jojlodal2 Fof v`g Cg~ Vgtvamgcv

d`wzd` vgad` foiigzgcv fbdvzocgt vàv

dbcvzafodvgf bcg acbv`gz2 Fof mgc

àyg v`g zon`v vb jg ~zbcn oc v`g ioztv

dgcvwz2 Fb mgc ayg v`g zon`v vb jg

~zbcn vbfa2

V`g jojlodal act~gz ot dlgaz ‖

mgc fb cbv àyg v`g zon`v vb jg ~zbcn#

Hgtwt {laocl vawn`v vàv bcg‟t talya-

vobc ot fg{gcfgcv w{bc ibllb~ocn v`g

vzwv`t bi v`g Tdzo{vwzgt# Lotvgc vb Mav-v`g~ >8:1-:48 “ Cbv gygz bcg vàv taov`

wcvb mg, Lbzf, Lbzf tàll gcvgz ocvb v`g

eocnfbm bi `gaygc5 jwv `g vàv fbgv`

v`g ~oll bi m Iav`gz ~òd` ot oc `gay-

gc# Mac ~oll ta vb mg oc vàv fa,

Lbzf, Lbzf, àyg ~g cbv {zb{`gtogf

oc v` camg5 acf oc v` camg àyg

datv bwv fgmbct acf oc v` camg fbcg

mac ~bcfgziwl ~bzet2 Acf v`gc ~oll

O {zbigtt wcvb v`gm, O cgygz ecg~ bw5

fg{azv izbm mg, g vàv ~bze ocoqwov#”

Hgtwt {laocl fgtdzojgt zglonobwt {gb{lg

vàv azg lbtv# V`g zgatbc ‖ v g ~gzgcbv fbocn v`g ~oll bi v`g Iav`gz oc `gay-

gc# V`g fof cbv àyg v`g zon`v vb jg

vgadòcn acf {zadvodocn vàv ~òd` ~at

dbcvzaz vb Nbf‟t ~oll# Vòt {attang

ot ygz om{bzvacv, acf gad` bcg bi wt

t`bwlf {a dlbtg avvgcvobc vb v`g tgzo-

bwtcgtt bi ov# Ngv v`g ofga bwv bi bwz

mocf vàv ov fbgtc‟v mavvgz ~àv bw

jglogyg# Hgtwt àt {laocl vblf wt vàv

ov fbgt# Nbf‟t ~oll ‖ v`g vzwv` ‖ ~oll

vaeg bw vb gaygc, acf cbvòcn gltg#

V`g fgyol àt fbcg ac wcjglogy-

ajlg hbj oc fgdgoyocn {gb{lg vb vòce

vàv ov fbgtc‟v mavvgz ~àv v`g fb

oc zglonobc# Ov‟t amaxocn `b~ mac

foiigzgcv fbdvzocgt ~g àyg vbfa,

acf v`g mahbzov vòce vàv ov fbgtc‟vmavvgz# g àf jgvvgz ngv jade vb v`g

Jojlg acf lotvgc vb Nbf oi ~g ~acv vb

nb vb `gaygc#

Cb! Mgc fb cbv àyg v`g zon`v vb

jg ~zbcn#

Egc Vlgz ot a Nbt{gl {zgad`gz ~bzeocn~ov` v`g d`wzd` bi D`zotv oc Azaj, Ala-jama, WTA#

Jojlg Qwgtvobct

Fb Mgc @ayg v`g

Zon`v vb Jg ^zbcn2Egc Vlgz



1;9

Jojlg Qwgtvobct

Qwgtvobc8 “Ot a dòlf jbzc a

toccgz, bz ot `g {wzg acf dlgac wcvol

`g dbmgt vb ecb~ zon`v izbm ~zbcn2

Act~gz8 O a{{zgdoavg vòt qwgtvobc#

Mac vbfa jglogyg jajogt azg jbzc oc

toc# Dazgiwll tvwf v g ibllb~ocn8

1# Toc ot a yoblavobc bi Nbf‟t ~oll#“^`bgygz dbmmovt toc altb dbmmovt

la~lgttcgtt, acf toc ot la~lgttcgtt” (1

Hb`c 486/# “ Jwv gad` bcg ot vgm{vgf

~`gc `g ot fza~c a~a j òt b~c

fgtozgt acf gcvodgf# V`gc, ~`gc fgtozg

àt dbcdgoygf, ov noygt jozv` vb toc acf

toc ~`gc ov ot iwll-nzb~c jzocnt ibzv`

fgav`” (Hamgt 1816/# “ Ibz all àyg toccgf acf iall t`bzv bi v`g nlbz bi

Nbf ” (Zbmact 48:45 di# [talm 16845 1

Hb`c 781>5 Zbmact 168:4/#

:# Toc daccbv jg oc`gzovgf

izbm bcg‟t {azgcvt# “V`g tbwl ~`b

toct tàll fog# V`g tbc tàll cbv jgaz v`g

nwolv bi v`g iav`gz, cbz v`g iav`gz jgaz

v`g nwolv bi v`g tbc# V`g zon`vgbwtcgtt

bi v`g zon`vgbwt tàll jg w{bc òmtgli,

acf v`g ~odegfcgtt bi v`g ~odegf tàll

jg w{bc omtgli ” (Gxgeogl 108:;/#

Oi a `wtjacf zwct a zgf lon`v `g

àt vzactnzgttgf v`g la~, jwv cgov`gz

òt ~oig cbz òt dòlfzgc ~oll jg

`glf addbwcvajlg ibz òt yoblavobc bi v`g la~# Toc ot ac adv bi ac ocfoyofwal,

acf v`g ocfoyofwal ot `glf addbwcvajlg

(: Dbzocvòact 781;/#

4# A dòlf ot toclgtt acf

v`gzgibzg “taig”# @g ot taig jgdawtg

`g at cb toct izbm ~òd` vb jg taygf#

Oi dòlfzgc ~gzg jbzc oc toc, Hgtwt

~bwlf àyg cgygz `glf v`gm w{ atgpam{lgt bi {wzov acf `wmolov# “ Lgv

v`g lovvlg dòlfzgc dbmg vb Mg, acf

fb cbv ibzjof v`gm5 ibz bi twd` ot v`g

eocnfbm bi gaygc” (Mavv`g~ 1084/#

ât Hgtwt vgllocn wt vb jgdbmg

loeg toccgzt2

Moeg Jgctbc ot a Nbt{gl {zgad`gz loy-

ocn oc @avvogtjwzn, Mottotto{{o, WTA#

Jbzc a Toccgz2

Moeg Jgctbc



1;>

Jojlg Qwgtvobct

Bwz {btv-mbfgzc ~bzlf tdbiit av

v`g cbvobc v`gzg ot a zgal Fgyol# Gygc

mac zglonobwt lgafgzt azg zglwdvacv

vb addg{v v`g zgalov bi Tavac# Ad-dbzfocn vb a twzyg bi mocotvgzt vaegc

tgygzal gazt anb, 9:' bi Mgv`bfotvt

{atvbzt, 4>' bi G{otdb{al {zogtvt,

acf 6>' bi [zgtjvgzoac {zgad`gzt

fgcogf v`g gpotvgcdg bi Tavac# (Hgi-

izg @affbc, D`zotvoacov Vbfa, Bd-

vbjgz 14, 1?9>#/

V`g Jojlg maegt cb avvgm{v vb

{zbyg Tavac‟t zgalov ‖ ov addg{vt ov

at a iadv, hwtv at ov addg{vt v`g gpot-

vgcdg bi Nbf at a iadv# Tavac ot hwtv

at zgal at v`g om{adv `g àt bc v`g

~bzlf# @g ot hwtv at zgal at mwzfgz

‖ jgdawtg `g ~at a mwzfgzgz izbm

v`g jgnoccocn (Hb`c 0866/# @g ot hwtvat zgal at locn ‖ jgdawtg `g ot v`g

iav`gz bi ov…hwtv at zgal at ~az acf

fg{zayov, jgdawtg g ot v`g bzonocavbz

bi v`gm#

Jwv ~`gzg fof `g dbmg izbm…2

(1/ Tavac ~at bzonocall dzgavgf

j Nbf# V`g Jojlg maegt ov {laoc vàv

Nbf ot v`gDzgavbz bi

all vòcnt#

Dblbttoact

1819 t{g-

d o i o d a l l

tvavgt vàv

Nbf ~at

v`g mbyocn

ibzdg jgòcf

v`g dzgavobc

bi vòcnt oc

`gaygc acf

oc gazv`, yotojlg acf ocyotojlg, {zoc-

do{alovogt acf {b~gzt# Oc Zgyglavobc

6811, v`g v~gcv-ibwz glfgzt azg {od-

vwzgf at v`zb~ocn v`goz dzb~ct jgibzg

^`gzg Fof Tavac Dbmg Izbm2

Jbjj Fbdegz



1;0

Jojlg Qwgtvobct

v`g v`zbcg bi Nbf ~òlg {zaotocn @om

~ov` v`gtg ~bzft8 “V`bw foftv dzgavg

all vòcnt, acf jgdawtg bi v` ~oll v`g

gpotvgf acf ~gzg dzgavgf” (CAT/# Oi Nbf dzgavgf all vòcnt, v`gc cb dzga-

vwzg gpotvt ~òd` @g fof cbv dzgavg!

Tavac ~at cbv db-gvgzcal ~ov` Nbf#

Vòt ot wcvòceajlg jgdawtg ov ~bwlf

{wv v`g Fgyol bc ac gqwal ibbvocn ~ov`

Nbf! Tavac ot cbv Nbf‟t gqwal! Zav`-

gz, Tavac ot a dzgavwzg ~`b gpotvt av v`g

~oll bi Nbf#

(:/ Tavac ~at cbv dzgavgf oc òt

{zgtgcv dbzzw{v dbcfovobc# A @bl

Nbf ~bwlf cbv maeg ac wc`bl vòcn!

@b~ dbwlf Nbf fgmacf `blocgtt

izbm mac oi @g @omtgli dzgavgf gyol2

Nbf ~bwlf cbv àyg mafg @ot b~c

gcgm# V`bwn` Nbf mafg Tavac, @g

fof cbv maeg òm at `g cb~ ot!

(4/ Av tbmg {bocv aivgz òt dzg-avobc, Tavac jgdamg vbvall dbz-

zw{v# Hwfg 9 t{gaet bi acnglt “~òd`

eg{v cbv v`goz ioztv gtvavg jwv lgiv v`goz

b~c àjovavobc#” V`g “ioztv gtvavg”

ot ~`gzg Nbf bzonocall {wv v`gm, jwv

v`g lgiv v`goz {ladg acf dgatgf vb jg

~àv v g àf bcdg jggc# Hb`c 0866

{laocl tat vàv Tavac “ajbfg cbv” bz “zgmaocgf cbv” oc v`g vzwv`# Vb

lgayg tbmgvòcn, bw mwtv ioztv àyg

ov# Tavac ~at bcdg oc v`g vzwv`, jwv `g

zgiwtgf vb tva v`gzg# Octvgaf, `g zg-

jgllgf anaoctv Nbf acf lgiv v`g lon`v#

(6/ Tavac ~at zgt{bctojlg ibz

òt b~c dbzzw{vobc# @g ~at cbv dbz-

zw{vgf j Nbf, “ibz Nbf daccbv jg

vgm{vgf ~ov` gyol, cgov`gz vgm{vgv` g

ac mac” (Hamgt 1816/# [zofg tggmt

vb àyg jggc av v`g zbbv bi Tavac‟t

dbzzw{vobc (Hwfg 9/# Oc dbzzw{vocnòmtgli, `g jgdamg v`g iav`gz bi toc,

acf òt fgtvzwdvoyg ocilwgcdg ~at wc-

lgat`gf w{bc v`g ~bzlf (Hb`c 0866/#

V`g Jojlg ~azct vàv Tavac ot a

maloncacv, fgtvzwdvoyg gcgm ~`b

“{zb~lt azbwcf…lbbeocn ibz tbmg-

bcg vb fgybwz” (1 [gvgz 780/# V`g

Jojlg octotvt vàv Tavac ot zgal acf òt

{b~gz ot nzgav, jwv `g dac jg bygz-

dbmg j “v`g jlbbf bi v`g Lamj acf

v`g ~bzf bi @ot vgtvombc” (Zgygla-

vobc 1:811/#

Jbjj Fbdegz ot a ~zovgz acf {zgad`gz loyocn oc Iagvvgyollg, Azeactat, WTA#

“Ibz oi Nbf fof cbv t{azg v`g

acnglt ~`b toccgf,jwv datv v`gm

fb~c vb `gll acf

fgloygzgf v`gm ocvb dàoct bi fazecgtt,

vb jg zgtgzygf ibz hwfnmgcv#”

(: [gvgz :86,7/



Made Lbc‟t Uacf cb~, [òl

Tacfgzt‟] Tgazd` VY {zbnzamt

azg bc >9 jzbafdatv VY tva-

vobct, 61 jzbafdatv zafob tva-

vobct, 1?: dajlg ttvgmt, acf

7 tavgllovg ttvgmt (Fot`, NJC,Amgzodac Loig, FozgdVY, acf OCT[/# Jgcgfiv izbm v`g lgttbct,

tw{{bzv v`g {zgadòcn bi v`g Nbt{gl# [`bcg8 0;;-4:1-09445 gmaol8

tgazd`Ktgazd`vy#bzn5 ^gjtovg8 ~~~#tgazd`vy#bzn#

Nbt{gl Naxgvvg Bclocg ot a mbcv`l Nbt{gl manaxocg bc v`g Ocvgz-

cgv, jgnwc j Lbwot acf Jbccog Zwt`mbzg

oc 1???# V`bwtacft bi azvodlgt, ~zovvgc j

iaovìwl D`zotvoact, azg azdòygf acf tglgdv-

ajlg v`zbwn` v`g bctovg tgazd` gcnocg# NNB

ot izgg vb wtgzt v`zbwn`bwv v`g ~bzlf, acf ov

ot yotovgf zgnwlazl gygc oc {azvt bi v`g ~bzlf vàv zgmaoc yozvwall

ocaddgttojlg vb mottobcazogt# (~~~#nbt{glnaxgvvg#dbm/

A{blbngvodt [zgtt àt jggc v`g

ybodg oc d`wzd`gt bi D`zotv ibz mac gazt, t{gaeocn dlgazl,

lbwfl, acf jojlodall bc twj-

hgdvt {gzvaococn vb Dzgavobc"

Gyblwvobc, v`g Nbf`gaf, v`g

oct{ozavobc bi v`g Tdzo{vwzgt, acf mac bv`gz yoval qwgtvobct bi

iaov`# Fayg Mollgz àt {zbfwdgf gpdgllgcv FYFt bc V`g Tolgcdocn

bi Nbf oc Amgzoda acf V`g Qwzac# [`bcg8 0;;-:46-07705 ^gjtovg8~~~#A{blbngvodt[zgtt#bzn#

^bzlf Yofgb Jojlg Td`bbl biigzt yofgb lgttbct

bi dbllgng-lgygl dbwztgt bc v`g gcvozg Jojlg acf `wcfzgft bi

zglavgf tvwfogt, vawn`v j {zbigttobcal octvzwdvbzt5 FYFt vb

jg wtgf oc gyacnglotm5 zgatbcajl-{zodgf jbbet ibz gyacng-lotm oc fiyg lacnwangt# ^zovg ibz v`goz davalbn8 14; Lacvaca

Lacg, Map~gll, VP, >09795 dall8 1-0>>-4?0-7:115 gmaol8 jo-

jlgtvwfK~yjt#bzn5 ~gjtovg8~~~#~yjt#bzn



^àv Dac _bw Fb vb @gl{ T{zgaf v`g ^bzf2 Ibz hwtv a mbmgcv, {wv bwztgli oc a yollang oc Aizoda, bz gygc

oc a lazng dov oc Ocfoa, bz oc v`g hwcnlgt bi Tbwv` Amgzoda# _bwazg ac ommbzval tbwl, loyocn oc a {gzotòcn jbf# @b~ ~oll bwecb~lgfngajl {zg{azg ibz v`g hwfnmgcv acf gvgzcov vàv a~aovt

wt all2 Fbgt v`g d`wzd` bi D`zotv gpotv oc bwz dbmmwcov, tb vàv

bw dac `gaz v`g Nbt{gl {zgad`gf2 Ibz mbtv {gb{lg oc v`g~bzlf, v`g act~gz ot “Cb”#

Ot v`gzg a tbwzdg ibz jwocn Jojlgt oc bwz dbmmwcov2V`bwn` v`g Jojlg àt jggc vzactlavgf ocvb mbtv lacnwangt,yollangt tglfbm àyg jbbetvbzgt# Ibz mbtv {gb{lg oc v`g~bzlf, v`g act~gz ot “Cb”#

Oi bw àyg ibwcf v`g Vzwv` acf azg a D`zotvoac, ot v`gzga jbbetvbzg izbm ~òd` bw dac bzfgz affovobcal tvwfmavgzoalt2 Ibz mbtv {gb{lg oc v`g ~bzlf, v`g act~gz ot “Cb”#

Tb bw azg jbzc ocvb ac wcjglogyocn `bmg, bw loyg addbzfocn vb

v`g zglonobc bi bwz {azgcvt, bw nzb~ blf, acf bw fog, v`zwtv ocvb

gvgzcov vb mggv v`g Nbf bw cgygz ecg~# ^àv wct{gaeajlg vzang-

f! Vòt tdgcazob ot LOIG ibz v`g mahbzov bi v`g {gb{lg bi v`g ~bzlf#

V`zbwn` matt mgfoa ‖ zafob {zbnzamt, VY, acf lovgzavwzg ‖

~g azg fbocn all ~g dac vb jzocn Nbf‟t ^bzf vb {gb{lg ~`b àyg

tb lovvlg `b{g# @ali bi gad` ottwg bi V`g Ybodg bi Vzwv` Ocvgzca-

vobcal ot tgcv izgg bi dàzng vb d`wzd`gt acf ocfoyofwalt ~`b àyg

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Vb `gl{ ~ov` vòt {azvodwlaz cggf, {lgatg tgcf bwz d`gdet vb8

V@G YBODG BI VZWV@ OCVGZCAVOBCAL

Jbp >:, ôcbca, MT 40?9>

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dall wt av 99:-:04-11?: bz tgcf bwz gmaol vb

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Fgaz Jzgv`zgc8

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(Zgvwzc vòt ibzm oc ac gcyglb{g, albcn ~ov` bwz d`gde, vb v`g ibllb~ocn affzgtt, tvavocn bwz ~ot`gt#/

Avvc8 Jzbc Cod`bltV`g Ybodg bi Vzwv` Ocvgvcavoobcal

Jbp 11:10T{zocnioglf, MB 970;0



Act~gzt vb [wxxlgt

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Jojlg Iocf ({ang 00/

^`b Am O2 ({ang 1;4/

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^`gzg Am O2 ({ang 1;6/

Act~gz8 Nbt`gc

1# Jgdawtg v`g àf iaov`#

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4# Hgtwt D`zotv#

6# Otaoa`#

7# Jgdawtg ov ~at cbv addbzfocn vb ecb~lgfng#

9# V`goz b~c#

># Otzagl ~at tocdgzg, gv tvoll lbtv jgdawtg v`g fof cbv ibllb~ Nbf‟t ~oll# V`g

tamg ot vzwg vbfa oi ~g fb cbv jglogyg acf bjg D`zotv‟t dbmmacfmgcvt#0# D`zotv, zon`vgbwtcgtt#

?# D`zotv iwlfillgf v`g la~, acf altb jzbwn`v v`g la~ vb ac gcf#

1;# J {gzigdvl egg{ocn v`g la~,

jwv cb bcg dac fb vàv#

11# Ov ~at ygz cgaz, oc v`goz mbwv`t

acf `gazvt#

1:# Jglogi acf dbcigttobc bi iaov`#

14# Jbv` iaov` acf dbcigttobc bcl

jzocnt “wcvb” bz dlbtg vb talya-

vobc#

16# Cb#

17# J v`g adv bi ja{votm ~g azg dall-

ocn bc v`g camg bi v`g Lbzf (Advt

:8:1 ) :8:05 ::819/#

The Voice of Truth International, Volume 70

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Transcript of The Voice of Truth International, Volume 70