Question Box 2013:

1. What was it that created a gravitational pull on all the objects in space to create the small speck that blew up and created the Big Bang?The Big Bang is the origin of the universe, occurring approximately 13.7 billion years ago. It began as a point of nearly zero volume and tremendous density. Then this point started stretching outward in all directions, not expanding within space but causing the expansion of space itself.

The first period of time immediately after the Big Bang is known as the Planck epoch, which occurred during the first 10-43 seconds after it. Little is known about this period, because our current physical theories cannot probe smaller timescales than this. It is thought that all the four fundamental forces — strong nuclear, weak nuclear, electromagnetism, and gravity — were unified at this point, serving as one superforce. Scientists are working on physical theories to help describe this epoch. By the end of the Planck era, the force of gravity separated from the other three, creating gravity and the so-called electronuclear force.

After the Planck epoch was the grand unification epoch, occurring 10-43 to 10-35 seconds after the Big Bang. The universe was smaller than a quark (a type of subatomic particle) with temperatures higher than 1027 K. This is about 1012 times more energetic than collision points inside the largest particle accelerators. As the universe expanded and cooled, and the electronuclear force broke apart into its constituents: the strong nuclear force, the weak nuclear force, and electromagnetism. By the end of the grand unification epoch, the universe was about the size of a proton.

2. How do they take a picture of the Milky Way?They are to some extend 'artist interpretations', but also to some extend true representations. We can observe the galaxy from within, and based on the data we can observe we can construct a representation of the same data as seen from outside -- just in the same way as you can sit in your car and observe the traffic jam in front of you, and you can with that observation make a very good picture in your mind of what it would look like from a helicopter.

3. Who is Mr. Creighton?He is the teacher at CASA that does a lot of math and uses really old worksheets from the ‘70’s and expects you to know everything after he says it once. Haha

4. What percent is there that life is in other places in space?The equation

The Drake equation states that:

where:N = the number of civilizations in our galaxy with which communication might be possible (i.e. which are on our current past light cone);

andR* = the average rate of star formation per year in our galaxyfp = the fraction of those stars that have planets

ne = the average number of planets that can potentially support life per star that has planetsfℓ = the fraction of the above that actually go on to develop life at some pointfi = the fraction of the above that actually go on to develop intelligent lifefc = the fraction of civilizations that develop a technology that releases detectable signs of their existence into spaceL = the length of time for which such civilizations release detectable signals into space[5]

Historical estimates

R* = 1/year (1 stars formed per year, on the average over the life of the galaxy; this was regarded as conservative)

fp = 0.2-0.5 (one fifth to one half of all stars formed will have planets) ne = 1-5 (stars with planets will have between 1 and 5 planets capable of

developing life) fl = 1 (100% of these planets will develop life) fi = 1 (100% of which will develop intelligent life) fc = 0.1-0.2 (10-20% of which will be able to communicate) L = 1000-100,000,000 years (which will last somewhere between 1000 and

100,000,000 years)

http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20120821-how-many-alien-worlds-exist

http://www.classbrain.com/artmovies/publish/article_50.shtml

Whatever that means….

5. Definition of Black Holes?A black hole is a place in space where gravity pulls so much that even light can not get out. The gravity is so strong because matter has been squeezed into a tiny space. This can happen when a star is dying.

Because no light can get out, people can't see black holes. They are invisible. Space telescopes with special tools can help find black holes. The special tools can see how stars that are very close to black holes act differently than other stars.

6. What proof (if they have any) do they have for the big bang theory?

First of all, we are reasonably certain that the universe had a beginning. Second, galaxies appear to be moving away from us at speeds proportional

to their distance. This is called "Hubble's Law," named after Edwin Hubble (1889-1953) who discovered this phenomenon in 1929. This observation supports the expansion of the universe and suggests that the universe was once compacted.

Third, if the universe was initially very, very hot as the Big Bang suggests, we should be able to find some remnant of this heat. In 1965,

Radioastronomers Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson discovered a 2.725 degree Kelvin (-454.765 degree Fahrenheit, -270.425 degree Celsius) Cosmic Microwave Background radiation (CMB) which pervades the observable universe. This is thought to be the remnant which scientists were looking for. Penzias and Wilson shared in the 1978 Nobel Prize for Physics for their discovery.

Finally, the abundance of the "light elements" Hydrogen and Helium found in the observable universe are thought to support the Big Bang model of origins.

7. After we collide with the Andromeda galaxy, will new life be born? Will the Milky Way still be able to have life on earth? Would Earth’s atmosphere change?NASA has calculated that our entire Milky Way galaxy will crash into a neighboring galaxy with a direct head-on hit – in 4 billion years.Astronomers had seen the Andromeda galaxy coming at us, but thought there was a chance that its sideways motion would make it miss or graze the Milky Way. Hubble readings now indicate that's not the case.

"This is pretty violent as things go in the universe

Scientists say the sun and Earth are unlikely to be hit by stars or planets from Andromeda because of the vast emptiness of the two galaxies. So Earth should easily survive what will be a 1.2 million mile per hour galactic merger. Even at that speed, the event would take about 2 billion years.

Both the Milky Way and Andromeda are about the same size and same age – 10 billion years old. At times they've been considered virtual twins so it's hard to tell which of the galaxies will get the worst of the collision.

8. Then why is a vacuum called a vacuum, the thing you clean up dust with?Because it uses air pressure differential (vacuum) to draw dirt and debris into a containment system to be removed from the living environment (cleaning ). The easiest way to identify a machine is to associate its name with its function, in this case, vacuum cleaner.

9. What color do you think Orion’s belt is?The Stars Of OrionHere is a list of some of the best known stars in the Orion constellation

• Betelgeuse (Alpha Ori) is a giant red star located on Orion's right shoulder. The star is larger than the orbit of Mars and is the second brightest star in Orion.

• Rigel (Beta Ori) located at the constellation's left knee, it is a large blue supergiant star. It is one of the brightest stars in the sky and the brightest star in Orion.

• Bellatrix (Gamma Ori) "warrior woman," is located at Orion's left shoulder.• Mintaka (Delta Ori) one of the three stars that make up Orion's belt, it is the left-most star.• Alnilam (Epsilon Ori) the middle of three stars that make up Orion's belt.• Alnitak (Zeta Ori) the third and right-most of three stars that make up Orion's Belt.• Saiph (Kappa Ori) located is at Orion's right knee.Hatsya is at the tip of Orion's sword.

10.How do you know it’s blue? I don’t know what “it” is

11.How does the moon become a crescent?The moon is always half light half dark, just our perspective shows a small portion of the light side and a large portion of the dark side

12. When does space end?One way of looking at it is like this.

When does the earth end? If you get on a plane and fly in a straight line (below escape velocity) you can keep flying forever (hypothetically) you just keep going round and round in circles.

In the same way, imagine the universe as a three dimensional sphere wrapped around a four dimensional hypersphere, you can (in theory) build a super powerful telescope and point it in one direction and focus in on the back of your own head (again hypothetically remember the speed of light is finite so that can't happen in practise, just illustrating the point about the theoretical shape of the universe).

Another way of looking at it is like this. The speed of light is finite, it's 186,000 miles per second. If you ran at the speed of light for as long as the universe has been going, you'd only get half way to the end of the universe as the universe is expanding at the maximum speed you can go.

Both ways of looking at it are flawed but it's a good way of imagining it if you want to get your head around the limitations on the size of the universe.

13.How do scientists come up with all these theories? Could any of them be true? Some day would we be able to find out and travel to other dimensions and pass through the fabric of time?Theories start with a question, an observation, a discovery with true facts, but not all facts are discovered yet, so they guess a little and it becomes a theory. When all facts are discovered and its proven, then it becomes a law.Stephen Hawkins: Nothing is flat or solid. If you look closely enough at anything you'll find holes and wrinkles in it. It's a basic physical principle, and it even applies to time. Even something as smooth as a pool ball has tiny crevices, wrinkles and voids. Now it's easy to show that this is true in the first three dimensions. But trust me, it's also true of the fourth dimension. There are tiny crevices, wrinkles and voids in time. Down at the smallest of scales, smaller even than molecules, smaller than atoms, we get to a place called the quantum foam. This is where wormholes exist. Tiny tunnels or shortcuts through space and time constantly form, disappear, and reform within this quantum world. And they actually link two separate places and two different times.Unfortunately, these real-life time tunnels are just a billion-trillion-trillionths of a centimetre across. Way too small for a human to pass through - but here's where the notion of wormhole time machines is leading. Some scientists think it may be possible to capture a wormhole and enlarge it many trillions of times to make it big enough for a human or even a spaceship to enter.

14.Why is it called the Milky Way?The Latin name for our galaxy is Via Lactea. It translates literally as Road of Milk and is so called because of the pale band of light formed by stars in the galactic plane as seen from Earth. It appears to be a milky patch of sky that rings the Earth. The name of the person who came up with this reference has been lost to prehistory, but it was in such common use by the time Galileo realized it was an area packed with stars, that any other name could not have been used. It was hundreds of years after Galileo that it was realized we were looking at an edge on view of our own galaxy, one of billions in the universe.

15.How does the moon control the sun? it doesn’t – the moon controls the tides

16.Why is the meaning of life 42?When Douglas Adams wrote The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, he added a central joke which has become more famous over the years than the novel itself: "The answer to the ultimate question of life, the universe and everything is 42." Geeks have since wasted years and massive effort trying to ascribe some deep, symbolic significance to the number and its occurrences.

Meanwhile, millions of Hitchhiker's fans to this day persist in trying to decipher what they imagine was Adams' secret motivations. Here are 42 things to fuel their fascination with the number 42.1. Queen Victoria's husband Prince Albert died aged 42; they had 42 grandchildren and their great-grandson, Edward VIII, abdicated at the age of 42.2. The world's first book printed with movable type is the Gutenberg Bible which has 42 lines per page.

3. On page 42 of Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, Harry discovers he's a wizard.4. The first time Douglas Adams essayed the number 42 was in a sketch called "The Hole in the Wall Club". In it, comedian Griff Rhys Jones mentions the 42nd meeting of the Crawley and District Paranoid Society.5. Lord Lucan's last known location was outside 42 Norman Road, Newhaven, East Sussex.6. The Doctor Who episode entitled "42" lasts for 42 minutes.7. Titanic was travelling at a speed equivalent to 42km/hour when it collided with an iceberg.8. The marine battalion 42 Commando insists that it be known as "Four two, Sir!"9. In east Asia, including parts of China, tall buildings often avoid having a 42nd floor because of tetraphobia – fear of the number four because the words "four" and "death" sound the same (si or sei). Likewise, four 14, 24, etc.10. Elvis Presley died at the age of 42.11. BBC Radio 4's Desert Island Discs was created in 1942. There are 42 guests per year.12. Toy Story character Buzz Lightyear's spaceship is named 42.13. Fox Mulder's apartment in the US TV series The X Files was number 42.14. The youngest president of the United States,Theodore Roosevelt, was 42 when he was elected.15. The office of Google's chief executive Eric Schmidt is called Building 42 of the firm's San Francisco complex.16. The Bell-X1 rocket plane Glamorous Glennis piloted by Chuck Yeager, first broke the sound barrier at 42,000 feet.17. The atomic bomb that devastated Nagasaki, Japan, contained the destructive power of 42 million sticks of dynamite.18. A single Big Mac contains 42 per cent of the recommended daily intake of salt.19. Cricket has 42 laws.20. On page 42 of Bram Stoker's Dracula, Jonathan Harker discovers he is a prisoner of the vampire. And on the same page of Frankenstein, Victor Frankenstein reveals he is able to create life.21. In Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, Friar Laurence gives Juliet a potion that allows for her to be in a death-like coma for "two and forty hours".22. The three best-selling music albums – Michael Jackson's Thriller, AC/DC's Back in Black and Pink Floyd's The Dark Side of the Moon – last 42 minutes.23. The result of the most famous game in English football – the world cup final of 1966 – was 4-2.24. The type 42 vacuum tube was one of the most popular audio output amplifiers of the 1930s.25. A marathon course is 42km and 195m.26. Samuel Johnson compiled the Dictionary of the English Language, regarded as one of the greatest works of scholarship. In a nine-year period he defined a total of 42,777 words.27. 42,000 balls were used at Wimbledon last year.28. The wonder horse Nijinsky was 42 months old in 1970 when he became the last horse to win the English Triple Crown: the Derby; the 2000 Guineas and the St Leger.29. The element molybdenum has the atomic number 42 and is also the 42nd most common element in the universe.30. Dodi Fayed was 42 when he was killed alongside Princess Diana.31. Cell 42 on Alcatraz Island was once home to Robert Stroud who was transferred to The Rock in 1942. After murdering a guard he spent 42 years in solitary confinement in different prisons.32. In the Book of Revelation, it is prophesised that the beast will hold dominion over the earth for 42 months.33. The Moorgate Tube disaster of 1975 killed 42 passengers.34. When the growing numbers of Large Hadron Collider scientists acquired more office space recently, they named their new complex Building 42.35. Lewis Carroll's Alice's Adventures in Wonderland has 42 illustrations.36. 42 is the favourite number of Dr House, the American television doctor played by Hugh Laurie.37. There are 42 US gallons in a barrel of oil.38. In an episode of The Simpsons, police chief Wiggum wakes up to a question aimed at him and replies "42".39. Best Western is the world's largest hotel chain with more than 4,200 hotels in 80 countries.40. There are 42 principles of Ma'at, the ancient Egyptian goddess – and concept – of physical and moral law, order and truth.41. Mungo Jerry's 1970 hit "In the Summertime", written by Ray Dorset, has a tempo of 42 beats per minute.

42. The band Level 42 chose their name in recognition of The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy and not – as is often repeated – after the world's tallest car park.

17.What is inside the moon?The interior of the moon is layered into a hard, outer crust, a rigid outer mantle, a semi-rigid inner mantle, and a core. By studying the rate of spin of a body, as well as determining the mass of the body, scientists can figure out if the body must have a core and how large that core must be.

18. How do you contact your base if you’re an astronaut in space? Radio waves

19.If you were born on Uranus would you be born old and become young like reverse?

I do not know, time will still continue… can not find the true answer.

20. What’s the point of a moon: it was pulled in by the Earth – they have a serious attraction.

21.If all the planets align at one time, what will happen? Will Satan rise from the depths of hell or will history channel just do an ancient aliens special about it?

This is a great question – except the Satan crap – in 1987 – I was 20 years old and everyone thought the world was going to end… again. It was a special solar system event where all the planets in orbit would align perfectly.

The Harmonic Convergence was an announcement of the forthcoming end of time as we know it and a preparation to move from third-dimensional reality of space into fourth-dimensional reality of time.  Contrary to popular belief, it is time rather than gravity that keeps everything in the universe in order.  Time is the mathematics of the universal laws of nature, the unifying force that holds everything together.  The Mayans knew this, basing the Mayan calendar on the universal mathematics of the fourth dimension.  The frequency of time is the 13:20 ratio on which the Mayan calendar is based.  Humanity is now in the process of changing the old 12:60 (twelve months in a year, 60 minutes in an hour) timing frequency to the timing of natural law, thus taking us out of time as we know it and into fourth dimensional awareness.  When we have accomplished this transformation, we will enter a new path of spiritual and mental evolution in tune with the cycles of the universe.  Some call this “Heaven on Earth”.

Everyone thought the great net force of all the planets and their gravitational pulls would cause huge tides and flood the world – so everyone went to the top of very high mountains around the world - and meditated. I went to the top of Mt Tamalpais in Marin – it was fun – spiritual. Lots of hippies

First of all, the Harmonic Convergence refers to the entire 26-yearcycle from White Galactic Wizard to Yellow Galactic Seed, 1987-2013. Theconclusion of the Ninth Hell refers to the release of humanity into the26-year time zone of free will, choice and decision in preparation forthe completion of the cycle, 2012, and the galactic synchronization,2013. The full and true Harmonic Convergence will not be complete untilthe Earth itself becomes the Galactic Seed, 2013.

SO THIS BRINGS ME TO ASK: WHATS THE GALACTIC SEED, 2013?http://www.lawoftime.org/pdfs/Galactic-Handbook-and-Synchronized-Meditations.pdf

22.What if someone put TNT on the moon and blew it up?The U.S. Air Force considered detonating a nuclear device on the moon during the late 1950s. In a recent interview with CNN, physicist Leonard Reiffel, who worked on the project, explained that the single explosion would have been “microscopic” with little impact on the moon. But what if it had been bigger—do we have enough nuclear weapons to push the moon out of orbit?

Life without the moon would be strange in the near term and disastrous in the long term. With only the sun influencing the tides, high tide would come at noon and midnight every day. Changes in tides could significantly affect ocean currents and weather. Ocean levels would change globally, as water moved from the equator toward the poles. Modern society no longer relies on moonlight for harvesting and other nighttime activities, but several animal species base their decisions on the moon. Some sea turtle hatchlings use

moonlight to direct them on their dangerous crawl to the sea. Snowshoe hares, among other small animals, appear more likely to stay at home on moonlit nights, suggesting the moon is crucial to predators. Owls talk more, and more loudly, when the moon is out.

23.How long do stars live?The length of a star's life depends on how fast it uses up its nuclear fuel. Our sun, in many ways an average sort of star, has been around for nearly five billion years and has enough fuel to keep going for another five billion years.The rate of energy generation for a star is very sensitive to both temperature and the gravitational compression from its outer layers.Heavier stars thus burn their fuel much faster than less massive ones do and are disproportionately brighterSome will exhaust their available hydrogen within a few million years. On the other hand, the least massive stars that we know are so parsimonious in their fuel consumption that they can live to ages older than that of the universe itself--about 15 billion years. But because they have such low energy output, they are very faint.

24.How long has Earth been alive?The earth is about 4.5 billion years old, but life did not exist on this planet until about 2 billion years ago, when certain kinds of bacteria and algae began to appear.Land plants did not appear until about 430 million years ago; reptiles, 300 million years ago; and modern mammals, 75 million years ago. The first apes appeared about 35 million years ago, and the first apelike men, about 10 million years ago. Man, himself, has been on earth for only about 300,000 years.If the 4.5 billion year history of the earth were to be measured in proportion to one year, man would not appear until Dec. 31, at 8:30 in the evening!

25.Do you think a space suit makes you chafe?Oh, It Hurts Some astronauts report losing their fingernails on spacewalks because of bulky gloves that cut off circulation and chafe against their hands. Astronaut gloves are designed to simulate the air pressure on Earth, so they’re made of a pressurized rubber layer embedded in a thick, space-proof shell. Spacewalking astronauts must constantly fight against the bulky pressurized glove to do their work — imagine gripping a wrench while wearing skiing mittens, and you get the idea. This constant bending and flexing causes chafing, blisters and, apparently, fingernail loss.

26.Is Wall-e- a possibility?Couldn’t find a truly feasible answer, but after reading I would say if pollution continues and technology advances at a faster – maybe there’d be a slight chance also applying the Drake’s equation… #4 lol

27.Does the Big Dipper remind you of “Kraft Mac n Cheese” also? NO

28.What’s bigger: our galaxy or the Andromeda galaxy?These two galaxies are the almost the same size. We are like galactic twins.

29.Why do the stars move around?

“Do stars move?” depends on the frame of referenceFor the first answer, stars don’t really move when we observe them. The motions are pretty stationary just like the sun. The only reason they seem to move to the casual observer on Earth is that the Earth rotates. Yes and no. The stars in the Milky Way galaxy are all moving in relation to the center of the galaxy; they rotate around the galactic center in very much the same way the Earth rotates around the Sun. The earth and the Sun, for that matter, both rotate around the galactic center, too. This is why the stars do not appear to move from our point of view; both the Earth and the stars are rotating around the galactic center in the same direction; hence, from our perspective, the stars do not move.

We can see the stars move across the sky each night, however. The visible motion of the stars is due to the motion of the Earth; the stars remain in the same position relative to each other, but seem to move across our sky because the Earth itself is moving around the Sun.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circumpolar_star

30.Why does the North Star stay still? The North Star, also known as Polaris, is known to stay fixed in our sky. It marks the location of the sky’s north pole, the point around which the whole sky turns. That’s why you can always use Polaris to find the direction north.

But the North Star does move. If you took its picture, you’d find that it makes its own little circle around the exact point of the north celestial pole every day. That’s because the North Star is really offset a little – by about three-quarters of a degree – from celestial north.

But the North Star is a special case. Because it lies almost exactly above Earth’s northern axis, it’s like the hub of a wheel. It doesn’t rise or set. Instead, it appears to stay put in the northern sky.

What’s more, the star we know as Polaris hasn’t been the only North Star.A motion of Earth called precession causes our axis to trace out an imaginary circle on the celestial sphere every 26,000 years. Thousands of years ago, when the pyramids were rising from the sands of ancient Egypt, the North Star was an inconspicuous star called Thuban in the constellation Draco the Dragon. Twelve thousand years from now, the blue-white star Vega in the constellation Lyra will be a much brighter North Star than our current Polaris.Polaris could be a name for any North Star. Our current Polaris used to be called Phoenice.By the way, Polaris – like all stars – has more than one kind of motion. The stars we see in our night sky are all members of our Milky Way galaxy. All of these stars are moving through space, but they’re so far away we can’t easily see them move relative to each other. That’s why the stars appear fixed relative to each other. And it’s why, for the most part, we see the same constellations as our ancestors. So when you’re talking about stars “moving” or staying “fixed,” remember … they are all moving through the vastness of space. It’s just the relatively short time of a human lifespan

that prevents us from seeing this grand motion.It just currently happens to be in the right place for the Earth's axis of rotation to point directly at it.The axis of rotation everyone is referring to is known as precession. A full precession is roughly 27,000 yrs. Polaris is currently our North Star. It will not always be, as the Earth continuously goes about this cycle.

31.How was space created? In four words: the Big Bang expandingAccording to superstring theory there are 11 dimensions of existence (8 of which only exist at the quantum and sub-quantum levels.) On M-Theory, or Membrane Theory, there is a multiverse composed of a potentially infinite (it could be finite, mathematically its intrinsic value is irrelevant). The theory holds that two of these branes collided, causing a localized quantum destabilization on one of the branes, thereby creating a localized distortion (a singularity) which expanded exponentially (Big Bang) on its brane (one which our Universe resides) and has continued to do so

32.Which planet has the liquid moon? Saturn's large moon Titan, already Earth-like with its thick atmosphere and rich organic stew of chemicals, also harbors a liquid water ocean beneath its crust, new findings from NASA's Cassini spacecraft show.

Titan, a moon of Saturn, is thought to have oceans of methane, ethane and other hydrocarbons.Jupiter's moon Europa has underground oceans of water, more water than all of Earth's oceans combined. The surface is ice but beneath it is oceans of a massive amount of water. Europa is heated internally by being stretched by Jupiter's powerful gravity.

33.How do galaxies collide and what happens when they do? So in that sense it's going to be very violent. It's not going to be violent in the sense that individual stars will run into each other because these galaxies have a lot of empty space in them, and most of the individual stars will actually pass by each other.So our sun will survive, but our galaxy as a whole will be totally reshaped.When these galaxies run into each other, ultimately the black holes will slowly spiral in towards each other, and they will merge, and this will be a particularly interesting event. It'll lead to the formation of one bigger black hole,Well, we've known for about 100 years that it's coming closer to us at a rate of about 250,000 miles an hour. Andromeda was actually the first galaxy in the universe for which it was possible to measure its relative motion, and interestingly, it was found to come towards us.The Milky Way and Andromeda are particularly close and particularly massive, so even though they started out expanding away from each other when the universe was young, they've actually pulled on each other hard enough that they're falling back together.

34.Why does Sirius change colors from red to green to yellow?

Sirius (α CMa) is the alpha star in this trusty hound and is roughly 8.5 light years away from Earth, making it one of the closest stars to us.Although the dust and dirt does change the colour of things, making them typically appear redder, the cause of the twinkling and colour flashing is due to the light from the star passing through layers and blobs of air with different light bending properties. As the light passes through this air it can be shifted by a small amount 'off-axis' if you like, and this causes a momentary change in the amount of light reaching your eye. The star appears to twinkle.

The bending can also be accompanied by the light being spread out into its component spectral colours and as this spectrum can also shift to the side, your eye picks the effect up as a flash of colour.

35.When will we collide with the other galaxy? Both galaxies are about 10 billion years old, we will collide in about 4 billion years, we’re traveling at about 1.2 million miles per hour and the collision will take about 2 billion years.

36.Are there such things as “aliens” in our universe? Refer to #5 – Drake’s equation – I would say yes, and even Stephen Hawkins believes that there are aliens out there and he says we should stop sending signals out because when they hear us they will come and destroy us.

37.Why is Jupiter’s hurricane changing colors?The Great Red Spot, is at least 400 years old and dates back to the time when Galileo first aimed his telescope at Jupiter and its moons in the early 1600s—so for all we know, the storm could be much older than that. Scientists believe the storm might owe its red color to sulfur in the atmosphere.In the past couple of years, a new sibling storm has erupted. The Little Red Spot, or Red Spot Jr., formed from the merger of three smaller white-colored storms in Jupiter’s southern hemisphere.The LRS is as red as the similar, but even larger and better known, Great Red Spot (or GRS). Like the GRS, Jupiter’s "LRS" is an anticyclone, a storm whose winds circulate in the opposite direction to that of a cyclone (hurricane) – counterclockwise, in this case.

Astronomers remain mystified by the angry red color of the storms. The Little Red Spot only changed color in late 2005 after it formed from earlier mergers of three smaller storms. Similarly, the newest third red spot began as an oval white storm.It is not known exactly what causes the Great Red Spot’s reddish color. The color may be caused by complex organic molecules, red phosphorus, or other sulfur compounds. The GRS varies greatly in hue, from almost brick-red to pale salmon, and white. The reddest central region is 4 K warmer than the surroundings, which is thought to be evidence that the color is affected by environmental factors. At times, the spot disappears from the visible spectrum and can only be seen as the Red Spot Hollow, which is appears bright white. The periods when the spot is dark or light occur at unpredictable intervals.

As the storm strengthened, it presumably put down deeper roots in Jupiter's atmosphere, bringing up more sulfur-bearing material from the lower levels. When that material rose to the top of the clouds and was exposed to the sun's ultraviolet radiation, a chemical reaction could have brought out the reddish color.Speaking of unpublished theories, they should shed additional light on the event that left a Great Black Spot on Jupiter last summer. No one saw the event while it was happening, and researchers couldn't say at the time whether a comet or an asteroid or some weird atmospheric process was responsible.

38.What’s the highest a plane can go?

The SR-71 Blackbird could fly at an altitude in excess of 100,000 feet. Up to about 60000 feet. Concorde used to cruise at about 50000-60000. Airbus and boeing usually fly at about 30000-42000 feet.

39.Is it true that the moon is slowly moving away from us?

The Moon's orbit (its circular path around the Earth) is indeed getting larger, at a rate of about 3.8 centimeters per year.The Moon is also pulling back on the tidal bulge of the Earth, slowing the Earth's rotation. Tidal friction, caused by the movement of the tidal bulge around the EarthThe Earth's rotation is slowing down because of this. One hundred years from now, the day will be 2 milliseconds longer than it is now.Measure the change in the distance between the Earth and the Moon.

This is accomplished in modern times by bouncing lasers off reflectors left on the surface of the Moon by the Apollo astronauts.

40.How do they know the age of the solar system?Scientists assume that the meteors, asteroids, and comets were created at the same time as the solar system. Those have rocks that contain radioactive materials. The radioactive materials became a part of those rocks when they were created. None were ever added. It is possible to find the rate at which radioactive materials decay into other elements. Scientists can take the radioactive material in a rock and measure it and compare the amount of its decay results to their tables in a book. That tells them the Solar System is something between 4 and 5 billion years old.

41.If I pour water on the moon, will it splash?A) It would boil and vaporize. Liquid water can only exist because of atmospheric pressure. Otherwise it only exists as a frozen or gaseous state. If you poured liquid water on the moon, that implies it has some heat and air pressure beforehand in order to remain liquid. In order for that heat to dissipate, the water would boil and vaporize. It would not freeze, because the only method of heat dissipation in a vacuum is radiation, which is slow compared to conduction or convection. Conduction and convection can only occur within an atmosphere or something else similar.

B) Because of surface tension, the water would splash on the surface like a gel. Some would immediately start to evaporate because of the absense of atmosphere, and some would seep into the ground due to capilarity in the regolith. Some of the evaporated water would break down into hydrogen and oxygen due to the intense UV radiation from the Sun (remember, no atmosphere), still escaping away from the Moon. If you're in the shade or the night side, you may slow down the evaporation a little, allowing the water to dig in further in the ground. Some of it might combine with the regolith and form compounds which would resist evaporation; if there would be an exothermal reaction, you'd have a good chance of something like that happening. Some of it would probably still be lost to evaporation and photodissociation when that surface became illuminated again.C) No pressure from an atmosphere so it would boil away. Part of this effect can be observed on earth to some extent, the higher the altitude the lower the boiling point of water meaning as the air pressure lowers with altitude the boiling point lowers. So people at the top of Everest would have a colder cup of coffee that those on the beach at sea level.D) It would instantly evaporate. in order to remain liquid you need a certain amount of atmospheric pressure, there is zero on the moon it can't exist in liquid form.

42.Can you use a pogo stick, basketball, baseball, Frisbee on the moon?

A pogo stick would not work on the moon. Your acceleration towards the moon would not be sufficient to overcome the spring tension.ince gravity is 1/6 the earth's gravity, you would either go much higher or even into low lunar orbit. You would spend more time above the surface in any event. While up there you might find maintaining an upright position a little more complicated, so you might land off the vertical and rebound into a rock, a crater wall or into thick regolith and you would sink

The way a Frisbee flies on Earth is because of its aerodynamic properties.  Because there is no air on the Moon, nothing can be influenced by any aerodynamic properties, so the Frisbee would have a purely ballistic flight path on the moonthe curvature of the flight path is a consequence of lateral lift caused by the rotation of the the Frisbee (the magnus effect) as it travels through the air.

43.Does the moon have gold or iron or any other valuable rocks?

Gold is formed as the result of molten rock, called magma,being intruded into solid rock. As the magma cools andsolidifies, water and other volatile substances separateout from the magma under high pressure.It would seem that gold would not be found on the moon due to the absence of sufficient amounts of molten rock, water, or pressure.

44.Why is there no oxygen in space for us to breathe?

Space is so big, that whatever gases are found in space, gases spread out so fast, that they are so far apart from each other that we say there is no gas in space. What we really mean is that there is so little gas in space that we can't use it to breath.

45.When is the next solar eclipse?

A total solar eclipse will take place on Monday, August 21, 2017http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_eclipse_of_August_21,_2017

46.What does the far side of the moon look like?

http://atramateria.com/the-beautiful-far-side-of-the-moon/

47.If I went to the dark side of the moon, would it really be pitch black and se nothing?It's always pitchblack and freezing cold.

48.Why is the moon called moon or luna?

Artemis, goddess of the hunt, moon, and maidens, the sister of Apollo, was named Luna by the Romans. Apollo was the one who drove the sun via a golden chariot. When he finished for the day, Luna had her turn in her silver chariot. Sometimes the sister didn't want to stay away from her brother, that's why the moon is sometimes seen during the day.

So the moon is Luna & the manned missions were Apollo. The brother visiting his sister.

49.Why does the moon create tides?Tides are created because the Earth and the moon are attracted to each other, just like magnets are attracted to each other. The moon tries to pull at anything on the Earth to bring it closer. But, the Earth is able to hold onto everything except the water. Since the water is always moving, the Earth cannot hold onto it, and the moon is able to pull at it. Each day, there are two high tides and two low tides. The ocean is constantly moving from high tide to low tide, and then back to high tide. There is about 12 hours and 25 minutes between the two high tides.

http://home.hiwaay.net/~krcool/Astro/moon/moontides/

50. How long would it take to walk to the sun?

It's roughly 93 million miles to the sun from earth, so if you were walking constantly at 4mph it would be 23,250,000 hours. This is around 2,654 years so you'd need several life times to do it in! Not to mention you'd frazzle up and die once you got too close. If you had a car it would be a lot easier, if you were going at 55mph, just under national speed limit, you'd only need 193 years to get there. If you drove at the speed of light it would take you 500 seconds.

51.How long will the sun last?Because the sun is a star it follows the same sort of life span as other stars in the galaxy. Taking into account its size, the sun will live to be roughly 12.3 billion years old. At the moment it is around 4.5 billion years old, so has about 7.8 billion years left. When it becomes 12.2 billion years old it will become a red dwarf star and in the next 100 million years of its life it will become a white dwarf. It will definitely outlive earth, however, because when it's a red dwarf it will consume mercury and Venus and therefore leave the earth so hot we

won't be able to live on it. The white dwarf is caused after the sun gets rid of all the outer layers in a nebular explosion, it will then cool off and fade into nothingness.