The View of the Two Political Parties Republicans –Like Imperialism Democrats –Not in favor of...
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Transcript of The View of the Two Political Parties Republicans –Like Imperialism Democrats –Not in favor of...
The View of the Two Political Parties
• Republicans– Like Imperialism
• Democrats– Not in favor of
Imperialism
1. Westward Expansion
2. Commercial/Business Interests
3. Military/Strategic Interests
4. Social Darwinism – “The White Man’s Burden”
5. Religious/Missionary Interests
1875 – 1875 – Reciprocity Reciprocity Treaty: duty free Treaty: duty free access for access for Hawaiian Hawaiian
sugarsugar
1890 – 1890 –
McKinley Tariff: McKinley Tariff: no longer duty no longer duty free sugarfree sugar
Hawaiian Queen LiliuokalaniHawaiian Queen LiliuokalaniHawaiian Queen LiliuokalaniHawaiian Queen Liliuokalani
1893 – American American businessmen backed businessmen backed ananuprising against uprising against Queen Liliuokalani and Queen Liliuokalani and overthrew her overthrew her governmentgovernment
1893 – American American businessmen backed businessmen backed ananuprising against uprising against Queen Liliuokalani and Queen Liliuokalani and overthrew her overthrew her governmentgovernment
o Sanford Dole:Sanford Dole: proclaims the proclaims the Republic Republic of Hawaii in 1894 of Hawaii in 1894 and asks the U.S. to and asks the U.S. to annex the territoryannex the territory
o Cleveland initially Cleveland initially refusesrefuses
o McKinley believes it McKinley believes it is “Manifest is “Manifest Destiny”Destiny”
o Annexes HI in 1898Annexes HI in 1898
Hawaiian Annexation Ceremony, 1898
Hawaiian Annexation Ceremony, 1898
The “Splendid Little War”Causes:- Cuban desire for
independence- Am. Business Interests- Yellow Journalism - American Jingoism - De Lôme Letter - Explosion of the U.S.S.
Maine
William Randolph Hearst
William Randolph Hearst
Joseph PulitzerJoseph Pulitzer
War declared April 25, 1898Fought in the Caribbean and in the PhilippinesSpain surrendered August 12 and signs Treaty of Paris (1898)Cuba Gains “Independence”U.S. gains control of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the PhilippinesMarked U.S. entry into world affairs
Uncle Sam: One of the Uncle Sam: One of the “Boys?”“Boys?”
Uncle Sam: One of the Uncle Sam: One of the “Boys?”“Boys?”
Cuban Independence?Teller (1898) and Platt (1903)
Amendments1. Cuba could not enter agreements with
foreign nations that would risk their independence
2. The U.S. could intervene in Cuban affairs if necessary
3. Cuba must lease Guantanamo Bay to the U.S.
4. Cuba must not build up excessive debtBasically Cuba is a protectorate of the
U.S.
The American Anti-The American Anti-Imperialist Imperialist
League League
The American Anti-The American Anti-Imperialist Imperialist
League LeagueFounded in 1899.Founded in 1899.
Mark Twain, Mark Twain, Andrew Andrew Carnegie, and Carnegie, and WilliamWilliamJennings Bryan Jennings Bryan amongamongthe leadersthe leaders
Campaigned Campaigned against the against the annexation of theannexation of thePhilippines and Philippines and otherotheracts of imperialismacts of imperialism
The Filipinos expected independence
Began to fight against the U.S.
The Philippine-American War (1899-1902)
Emilio AguinaldoEmilio Aguinaldo
LLeader of the Filipinoeader of the Filipinouprisinguprising
Over 200,000 Over 200,000 Filipinos killedFilipinos killed
Ultimately Ultimately unsuccessful for the unsuccessful for the PhilippinesPhilippines
Stereotypes of the Stereotypes of the Chinese Chinese
ImmigrantImmigrant
Stereotypes of the Stereotypes of the Chinese Chinese
ImmigrantImmigrant
Chinese Exclusion Act,
1882
Chinese Exclusion Act,
1882
The Open Door PolicyThe Open Door PolicyThe Open Door PolicyThe Open Door Policy
Secretary of State Secretary of State John HayJohn Hay
Give all nations equalGive all nations equalaccess to trade in China.access to trade in China.
Guaranteed that China would NOT be taken Guaranteed that China would NOT be taken
over by any one foreign power.over by any one foreign power.
TheTheOpen Door Open Door
PolicyPolicy
TheTheOpen Door Open Door
PolicyPolicy
Commodore Matthew Perry Commodore Matthew Perry Opens Up Japan: 1853Opens Up Japan: 1853
Commodore Matthew Perry Commodore Matthew Perry Opens Up Japan: 1853Opens Up Japan: 1853
The Japanese View of
Commodore Perry
The Japanese View of
Commodore Perry
Treaty of Kanagawa: Treaty of Kanagawa: 18541854
Treaty of Kanagawa: Treaty of Kanagawa: 18541854
Gentleman’s Agreement: Gentleman’s Agreement: 19081908
Gentleman’s Agreement: Gentleman’s Agreement: 19081908Agreement between Agreement between Roosevelt and Japanese Roosevelt and Japanese governmentgovernment
Problems with Problems with segregation in schools segregation in schools and unlimited and unlimited immigration in the U.S.immigration in the U.S.
Japanese agreed to deny Japanese agreed to deny passports to laborers passports to laborers entering the U.S.entering the U.S.
The U.S. government The U.S. government ordered San Francisco to ordered San Francisco to end segregation of Asians end segregation of Asians in schools.in schools.
• Bought by the U.S. in 1867 from Russia• Bought for $7.2 million• Thought to be “Seward’s Folly”
– Until gold discovered in 1890
• 1904: An addition to the Monroe Doctrine
• U.S. had the right to intervene in any W. Hemisphere country where events were “harmful” to the U.S.
• Justified U.S. intervention in Latin America
U. S. Interventions in U. S. Interventions in Latin America: 1898-1920sLatin America: 1898-1920s
U. S. Interventions in U. S. Interventions in Latin America: 1898-1920sLatin America: 1898-1920s
Big Stick DiplomacyBig Stick DiplomacyBig Stick DiplomacyBig Stick Diplomacy• “Speak softly
and carry a big stick”
• The U.S. became increasingly assertive and took on the role of world policeman
• Great White Fleet (1907-1909)
• Circumnavigated the globe to show American military power
• Spanish-American War demonstrated a need for an Atlantic-Pacific connector
• Advantages to building the canal:– Business saved $
when shipping goods– Travel time between
coasts reduced– Allowed a military
presence in Central America
• The Problem: Colombia said NO
• Solution: Support Panamanian independence
• 1904 Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty: the U.S. received permanent rights to 10 miles of land for $10 million
Construction Begins in 1904
Panama CanalPanama CanalPanama CanalPanama Canal•Building of the canal plagued with problems
•Disease (yellow fever and malaria)
•Landslides
•Over 27,000 men died to build the 48 mile long canal
•Opened August 15, 1914
• Taft becomes President in 1909
• President Taft’s economic policy for Latin America was “Substituting dollars for bullets”
Taft’s “Dollar Taft’s “Dollar Diplomacy”Diplomacy”
Taft’s “Dollar Taft’s “Dollar Diplomacy”Diplomacy”
Improve financialImprove financialopportunities for opportunities for American businesses.American businesses.
Use private capital toUse private capital tofurther U. S. interestsfurther U. S. interestsoverseas.overseas.
Therefore, the U.S. Therefore, the U.S. should create should create stability and order stability and order abroad that would abroad that would best promote best promote America’s America’s commercial interests.commercial interests.
• Wilson becomes President in 1913
• Democrat in office with a different point of view of foreign affairs
• Appointed William Jennings Bryan as his Secretary of State
Wilson’s “Moral Wilson’s “Moral Diplomacy”Diplomacy”
Wilson’s “Moral Wilson’s “Moral Diplomacy”Diplomacy”
The U. S. shouldThe U. S. shouldbe the consciencebe the conscienceof the world.of the world.
Spread Spread democracy.democracy.
Promote peace.Promote peace.
Condemn Condemn colonialism.colonialism.