The Very Very Super Final Docu
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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
A hotel is an establishment that provides paid lodging on a short-term basis. The
provision of basic accommodation, in times past, consisting only of a room with a bed, a
cupboard, a small table and a washstand has largely been replaced by rooms with modern
facilities. As internet technology has improved, so have reservation systems. Today, it is
possible through online, to make a reservation for a hotel anywhere in the world. Hotels
can create Web site and post new content on it every day.
Dagupan Garden and Dagupan Village Hotels are twin hotels nestled in a calm
suburban area of Dagupan City away from the hustle and activity of the city’s main
commercial and business center. The management encountered several problems in
reservation like phone call misunderstandings; the management have no clear
conversation with the guest over the telephone with regards to the information from the
guest. Another is conflict regarding the availability of rooms, the guest reserves a room
personally without knowing that the rooms are fully booked. Waste of time for the
customers is another problem; the guest will have to find another hotel when the rooms
are fully booked.
The proponents decided to develop a system that will simplify the task of
traditional booking. The proposed system will provide users a unique, spontaneous and
easy to use interface that improves the way people use the web today.
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1.2 Statement of the Problem
The proposed system deals with the problems encountered by the management as
well as the guests. This study is sub-divided into the following specific problems.
1. Phone call Misunderstandings
Through phone call reservations, the management finds it hard to have a
clear conversation with the guest over the telephone with regards to the needed
information from the guest.
2. Conflicts regarding room availability
For instance, the guest personally reserves a room without inquiring or
knowing that the rooms are fully booked and occupied.
3. Waste of time for the customers
When a guest personally reserves a room on the spot without inquiring, if
the rooms are fully booked, then the guest will have to find another hotel.
1.3 Objectives of the Study
The primary objective of the study is to develop an online reservation system.
Specifically, this study aims to:
1. To provide the management an accurate and precise information from the
guests.
2. To help the management and guest review options from available rooms and
rates.
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3. To provide the guests an easy and convenient way of reserving or booking
rooms in a short period of time.
4. To promote international, regional and domestic tourism.
With the proposed system, it will help the management to handle the reservation.
1.4 Scope and Delimitation
The scope of the proposed system will focus on the development of Online
Reservation System of Dagupan Garden/Village Hotel. It will cover the online
reservation, online cancellation, and posting comment(s) as additional feature. It also
covers the payment through bank deposits. It delimits the payment via use of credit card.
1.5 Methods and Procedures
The proponents will use the following methods and procedures to gather
information needed for the proposed system.
1.5.1 Data Gathering Techniques
The proponents will use the following techniques to gather information
needed for the proposed system.
Brainstorming – The proponents shared each other their ideas,
knowledge, and suggestions about the concept of the proposed system.
Research – to be able to gather the required information needed for the
proposed system, the proponents will use the internet to gather other information about
the proposed system.
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Interview- to be able to gather the required information personally from
the management needed for their study.
1.5.2 Development Methods
The proponents will use Prototyping Model in developing the system to increase
the flexibility of the development process by allowing the management to interact and
experiment with a working representation of the system. The developmental process only
continues once the management is satisfied with the functioning of the prototype. At that
stage the proponents determine the specifications of the management’s real needs.
1. Identifying basic requirements
The proponents will determine the basic requirements including the
needed resources for the proposed system such as the computer, internet connection, the
existing web site of the hotel and books for research activities.
2. Developing initial prototype
The initial prototype is developed and the proponents will design the user
interface of the proposed system.
3. Review
The proponents will examine the prototype and will make some additions
or changes to the proposed system.
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4. Revising and enhancing the prototype
The proponents will make some corrections and will formulate more
concepts to be applied in enhancing the prototype.
CHAPTER 2
THE EXISTING SYSTEM
2.1 Overview of the Existing System
In this chapter the proponents will discuss about the existing system, the
traditional way of reserving a room on a hotel. In able to reserve a room, the guest will
make reservations through a phone call. This traditional way of making reservations does
not provide convenience for the guest. Through phone calls occasionally the guest and
the reserving clerk don’t understand each other and no clear conversations. The
information from the guest will not be accurately recorded in the registry form. Another
way of reserving a room is through walk-in wherein the guest personally inquires and
reserve in the hotel. This way of reservation could waste the guest’s time.
In the existing system, the guest will inquire personally or through phone call in
exchange for the reservation form. After filling up, the guest will submit the reservation
form to the clerk. The clerk will record the reservation in the reservation record and will
compile the reservation forms in a file cabinet. If the clerk misplaced certain record, it
took a lot of time for the clerk to find such records. Regarding with the check-out of the
guest, the clerk checked each record just to find the record. These are some of the
disadvantages in terms of compilation of guest’s records.
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Inquiry
Reservation F eFilled up
Reservation Form
Inquiry
1
Rese
The proponents figured out what would be the better way of reserving on the said
hotel; the proponents came out with developing an online reservation system. This
system will provide a solution that corresponds to the problems encountered under the
existing system.
2.2 Process Modeling
Data Flow Diagram is a graphical representation of the "flow" of data through an
information system. On a DFD, data items flow from an external data source or an
internal data store to an internal data store or an external data sink, via an internal
process. The proponents will use Data Flow Diagram to show the flow of information
through a system. The context diagram shows the entire system as a single process and
the interaction between the system and external agents which act as data sources. The
Top Level Diagram shows all processes at the first level of numbering, data stores,
external entities and the data flows between them to show the major and high-level
processes of the system and their interrelation.
R.Form
6
0
Existing
Reservation
System
Potential
Guest
Clerk
Reservation Form
Bill
Reservation Records
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Reservation RecordRes.
R. Fee R. Fee
Filled up R. Fee Filled up R. Form
Receipt Bill
1
Reservation Form
Filled up Reservation Form
Bill
Inquiry Inquiry
Filled up R. Form
ReceiptBill
Reservation
Figure 1
Context Data Flow Diagram of the Existing System (Walk-in)
This diagram of the existing system shows the manual process of reservation and
the storage of the records.
R. Form R. Form
Figure 2
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Potential
Guest
1
Issuance
Clerk
2
Submission
3
Record the reservation
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Top Level Data Flow Diagram of the Existing System
CHAPTER 3
THE PROPOSED SYSTEM
3.1 Overview of the Proposed System
After the detailed study of current system, it is good to propose a new system. As
internet is one of the leading technologies today, the proponents will develop a web-
based system, which will fulfill all the requirements of the management as well as the
guests easily and will be the solution to the problem faced by traditional system.
The proposed system will change the traditional system in reserving into a
modernized one. This system will help the management and the guests to exercise an
effective and timely decision-making.
Through the proposed system, it minimizes work and lessens the time, effort and
money of the management and users/guests. The proposed system will be designed with a
user friendly interface for better user interaction; interactive inputs screen is well
designed. The users/guests would make data entry simple.
The proposed system will help the guest choose what type of room he wants and
the corresponding price. When the guest submits the form, it will be saved automatically
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Information and
Reservation
Phone Call/E-mail
System’s database
Information and
Reservation1
Information and
Reservation
Information andReservation
on the database provided by the system. In terms of payment, the guest will deposit the
payment to the hotel’s bank account, and then the bank will update the management
regularly if there is a deposit made.
The proposed system aims to provide the management accurate and precise
information from the guests. To help the management and guest review options from
available rooms and rates. To provide the guests an easy and convenient way of reserving
or booking rooms in a short period of time and to promote international, regional and
domestic tourism. It will be a benefit to the guests in such a way that the proposed system
is easy to use, no technical skills or expertise are required, all it takes is a computer with
internet access.
3.2. Process Modeling
The proponents will use Data Flow Diagram to show the flow of information
through a system. This diagram shows the flow of the proposed system.
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Potential Guest
0
Online
Reservation
System
Clerk
1
Monitoring
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Figure 4
Top Level Data Flow Diagram of the Proposed System
3.2.3 Data Model of the Proposed System
Data modeling is a method used to define and analyze data requirements needed
to support the business processes of an organization. It is also a technique for detailing
business requirements for a database. In the Context Data Model, one guest has one
reservation; this is one to one relationship. In the Key-base Model, this includes primary
keys such as email from the table guest and room type for the table reservation. Room
type is the foreign key in the table guest. Email address is the primary key to serve as a
unique identifier of the guest and room type for the reservation table to serve as its unique
identifier. In the fully-attributed model, all the fields are listed in each table and the
primary keys are indicated.
has
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tbl_guests tbl_reservation
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Figure 5
Context Data Model
has
Figure 6
Key-base Data Model
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tbl_guests
guest_idreservation_id
LastName
FirstName
MiddleName
Gender
tbl_reservation
reservation_idreservation_date
ContactNumber RoomType
checkin
checkouttime
Heads
Mattress
tbl_guests
guest_id (PK)
reservation_id (FK)
tbl_reservation
reservation_id (PK)
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Figure 7
Fully-Attributed Data Model
3.2.4 Database Structure
comments
Fields Data Type Size
id INT 10
author VARCHAR 30
comment BLOB
date_posted DATETIME
email VARCHAR 40
tbl_guests
Fields Data Type Size
guest_id INT 10
reservation_id INT 10
LastName CHAR 20
FirstName CHAR 20
MiddleName CHAR 20
email VARCHAR 40
Gender CHAR 7
Address VARCHAR 50
CivilStatus CHAR 10
Nationality CHAR 20
tbl_reservation
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Fields Data Type Size
reservation_id INT 5
reservation_date DATETIME
ContactNumber VARCHAR 15
RoomType VARCHAR 70
checkin DATEcheckout DATE
time TIME 14
Heads INT 2
Mattress INT 2
3.3 Feasibility Analysis
3.3.1 Technical Feasibility
The proposed system is technically feasible in terms of software. The
proponents will use the following software application to design the proposed system,
Macromedia Dreamweaver 8 to develop the user interface of the proposed system and
Php and MySql for the database needed by the system.
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In terms of hardware the proposed system is technically feasible if the minimum
hardware requirement will be used like Pentium 4 for processor, 512Mb for the memory
and VGA 128 Mb for the graphics. It also requires web browsers like Internet Explorer,
Mozilla Firefox or Google Chrome to access the proposed system.
Table 1
Software and Hardware Requirements
Software Hardware
Macromedia Dreamweaver 8 Pentium 4 for processor
Php and MySql 512Mb for the memory
Macromedia Flash 8 VGA 128 Mb for the graphics
*The system can also be accessible with
any operating system as long as it passes
the minimum hardware requirement.
3.3.2 Operational Feasibility
The proposed system provides faster and convenient way for reserving a
room in the said hotel and it will reduce time considerably. This will be appreciated by
the management and the users/guests. It will be a benefit to both management and the
users/guests. The users/guests will not have to invest their time and effort in learning how
to use it because it provides attractive and easy user interaction.
Table 2
Workload Comparison
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Process Existing System Proposed System
Filling up the reservation
form
The guest will fill up the
registry form sheet. In this
manner the guest is prone to
commit errors and/or
erasures. This is the reason
why there are
misunderstandings between
the clerk and the guest.
The guest will fill up the
online reservation form in a
user interface. It will
provide an error free filled
up form.
Reservation The guest will personally
reserve through walk-in or
will make a call to reserve a
room.
The guest will reserve a
room through the internet.
Cancellation The guest will cancel
reservation through phone
or personally (walk-in).
The guest will cancel
reservation via online.
3.3.3 Schedule Feasibility
To figure out all necessary plans and activities that the proponents will use
Gantt chart. The Gantt chart is a useful tool for documenting plans and schedules of
activities that may attain to develop the proposed system.
3.3.4 Economic Feasibility
In order to ensure that the proposed system is economically feasible the
proponents list the following in order to show that the proposed system is worth for
implementing. The proposed system has passed the Pay Back Period test which stated
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that the cost of development that the proposed system will spend will back after 3 years,
8 months, 12 days. Next in return on investment test the proposed system will return 84%
yearly. Finally, the Cost Benefit Analysis which stated that the benefit of the proposed
system outweighs the cost of development requires by the proposed system. After passing
the entire economic test the proposed system is stated as economically feasible.
3.4Cost-Benefit Analysis
Table 3
Development Cost (DC)
Expenses Quantity PriceMacromedia Dreamweaver 8 1 Php 5,198
Php and MySql 1 Opensource
Macromedia Flash 8 1 Php 9,353
Computer Unit 1 Php 23, 500
Total: Php 38, 051.00
Source: http://www.google.com
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Table 4
Operating Cost (OP)
Expenses Unit Price Cost
Web Hosting Php 10,999 Annually Php 10,999
Total Php 10,999
Source: http://www.imapweb.com/
Table 5
Cost and Benefit Analysis (CBA) Comparative Table
Year Cost Benefits NB CNB Mark
0 38, 051
1 10,999 27, 052 16, 053 -21, 998x
2 11, 548.95 31, 109.8 19, 560.85 -2, 437.15 x
3 12, 126.39 35, 776.27 23, 649.88 21, 212.73
4 12, 732.71 41, 142.71 28, 410 49, 622.73
5 13, 369.35 47, 314.12 33, 944.77 83, 567.5
Total 98, 827.4 182, 394.9 121, 618.5 154, 402.96
Note: 15% increase every year in benefits and 5% for the cost
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Pay Back Period
PBP = Development Cost – Last CNB x-mark + No. of X mark
Net Benefit of first check mark
= 38, 051-(-2, 437.15) + 2
23, 649.88
= 40, 488.15 + 2
23, 649.88
= 1.71 + 2
= 3.71
= 3 years, 8 months, 12 days
Return on Investments
ROI = Total Benefit – Total Cost x 100%
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Total Cost
= 182, 394.9- 98, 827.4 x 100%
98, 827.4
= 83, 567.5 x 100%
98, 827.4
= 0.84 x 100%
= 84%