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THE USE OF TIME TOKEN ARENDS (TTA) TECHNIQUE
TO IMPROVE THE STUDENTS’ SPEAKING SKILL
OF MA NU MAZRO’ATUL HUDA KARANGANYAR DEMAK
IN THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2014/2015
By
NUR FAIZAH
NIM 201132029
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY
MURIA KUDUS UNIVERSITY
2015
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THE USE OF TIME TOKEN ARENDS (TTA) TECHNIQUE
TO IMPROVE THE STUDENTS’ SPEAKING SKILL
OF MA NU MAZRO’ATUL HUDA KARANGANYAR DEMAK
IN THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2014/2015
SKRIPSI
Presented to the University of Muria Kudus
in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Completing
the Sarjana Program in the Department of English Education
By
NUR FAIZAH
NIM 201132029
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY
MURIA KUDUS UNIVERSITY
2015
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MOTTO AND DEDICATION
MOTTO:
Success is a journey, not a destination.
Just be yourself!
Don’t say” I wish”, but say “I will”
Learn from yesterday, live for today, hope for tomorrow. The important thing
is not to stop questioning. (Albert Einstein)
Do the best. Be the best. And be the winner
The more you give, the more you will get
Anyone who has never made a mistake has never tried anything new. (Albert
Einstein)
The way to get started is to quit talking and begin doing (Walt Disney)
DEDICATION:
This skripsi is dedicated to:
Allah-SWT (The best Architect in her life)
My beloved parents (Mr.Suyanto and Mrs.
Saodatun).
My little sister and brother(Umar and Silvi)
My beloved boyfriend(Abbas)
My beloved friends (especially for: Muthia,
Novilia, andFarida) and i can’t mention one
by one.
All people around me.
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ADVISOR’S APPROVAL
This is to certify that the Skripsi of Nur Faizah (201132029) has been approved
by the Skripsi advisors for further approval by the Examining Committee.
Kudus, April 2015
Advisor I
Drs. Muh. Syafei, M.Pd
NIP. 196204131988031002
Kudus, April 2015
Advisor II
Aisyah Ririn P.U, S.S, M.Pd
NIS.0610701000001228
Acknowledged by
The Faculty of Teacher Training and Education
Dean,
Dr. Drs. Slamet Utomo, M.Pd
NIP. 196212191987031015
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EXAMINERS’ APPROVAL
This is to certify that the Skripsi of NUR FAIZAH (201132029) has been
approved by the Examining Committee as a requirement for the Sarjana Degree of
English Education
Kudus, 20th
June 2015
Thesis Examining Committee:
Titis Sulistyawati S.S, M.Pd
NIP. 198104022005012001 , Chairman
Aisyah Ririn P.U,S.S, M.Pd
NIS. 0610701000001228 , Member
Dra.Sri Endang Kusmaryati, M.Pd
NIS. 0610713020001009
, Member
Agung Dwi Nurcahyo, S.S, M.Pd
NIS. 0610701000001187 , Member
Acknowledge by
The Faculty of Teacher Training and Education
Dean,
Dr.Drs. Slamet Utomo, M.Pd
NIP. 196212191987031015
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Alhamdulillahhirobbil’alamin. First, in this special occasion, I would
thank to Allah SWT for given mercy and blessing with the health and give
motivation to finish my skripsi entitled “The Use of Time Token Arends (TTA)
Technique To Improve Students Speaking Skill of Class XI C of MA NU
Mazro’atul Huda Karanganyar Demak in The Academic Year 2014/2015”.
This skripsi could not have been completed without support from many
people, so this research I would like to express as follow:
1. Allah SWT who always give mercy and blessing.
2. The Dean of Teacher Training and Education Faculty, Muria Kudus
University who has given permission to write this research.
3. Drs. Muh. Syafei, M.Pd as the first advisor who always given valuable
advice, encouragement, patience, and valuable guidance.
4. Aisyah Ririn P.U, SS, M.Pd as the second advisor for all her valuable
advice, encouragement, patience, and valuable guidance.
5. My beloved parents Mr. Suyanto and Mrs. Saodatun thank you for
everything, your love, care, support, and endless prayer for me.
6. My little brother Umar and my little sister Silvi thank you for everything,
your support, love and care.
7. My beloved boyfriend Abbas and my beloved friends Farida, Novilia,
Muthia who always support and given me spirit to write my skripsi.
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I realized there are unintended errors in writing this skripsi. Therefore, I
gratefully accept every suggestions, criticism, and comments from those who
concern to this research. Hopefully, this research will be able to give
contribution and be useful for the readers especially for those who are interested
in the similar study.
Kudus, 4 April 2015
Nur Faizah
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ABSTRACT
Faizah,Nur. 2015. The Use of Time Token Arends (TTA)Technique To Improve
Students Speaking Skill Of Class XI C Of MA NU Mazro’atul Huda
Karanganyar Demak in Academic Year 2014/2015. Skripsi, English
Education Department, Teacher Training and Education Faculty, Muria
Kudus University. Advisors: (i) Drs. Muhammad Syafe’i,M,Pd. (ii)
Aisyah Ririn P.U, SS, M.Pd
Keywords: Speaking Skill, Time Token Technique, Narrative
Speaking is a tool of communication orally. It is important to
communication. Speaking skill is as the second skill that has to be mastered by
students after listening skill and before reading and writing skill. To got better in
speaking skill in English speaking, the students need to memorizing and
practicing a lot of expression that acceptable in English. So they would have
good ability in express their feeling, their ideas, and their thought in English.
That’s useful in having English conversation.
The objective of this research is to find out whether Time Token Arends
(TTA) Technique can improve speaking skill for the class XI C of MA NU
Mazro’atul Huda Karanganyar Demak in the Academic year 2014/2015.
This study is a Classroom Action Research (CAR). It has purpose to reveal
the way to improve the speaking skill of class XI C of MA NU Mazro’atul Huda
KaranganyarDemak by using Time Token Arends Technique of teaching
speaking. This research conducted of class XI C of MA NU Mazro’atul Huda
KaranganyarDemak that was 34 students. This research was done in 2 cycles. To
know the activities and to know the level of the students in this research I used 2
instruments that are observation checklist was to know the students and teacher
activities in the classroom and oral test was to know the level of the students.
The result of the research showed that there were some improvements in
students’ speaking narrative text. In cycle 1 the mean of the speaking skill of the
eleventh grade students of MA NU Mazro’atul Huda Karanganyar Demak in
academic year 2014/2015 after using Time Token Arends (TTA) technique is
70.2. It is good achievement. And in the cycle 2 the average score were 75.8. It
is categorized as sufficient achievement.
Learning from the result, it can be concluded that the use of Time Token
Arends (TTA) Technique can improve the students’ speaking skill. The teacher
suggested using Time Token Arends (TTA) Technique as a technique for
teaching another aspect of English. While, for the further researchers, they are
suggested to explore the use of the other features available in Time Token
Arends (TTA).
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ABSTRAK
Faizah, Nur.2015. Penggunaan Time Token Arends (TTA) Teknik Untuk
Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berbicara Siswa Kelas XI C Di MA NU
Mazro’atul Huda Karanganyar Demak Tahun Pelajaran 2014/
2015.Skripsi, Skripsi.Prodi, Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris Fakultas
Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan,Universitas Muria Kudus. Pembimbing
(i) Drs. Muhammad Syafe’i,M,Pd. (ii) Aisyah Ririn P.U, SS, M.Pd
Kata Kunci: Keterampilan Berbicara, Time Token Arends Technique, Narrative
Berbicara adalah alat komunikasi secara langsung. Kemampuan berbicara
tidak dapat dikaitkan dengan kemampuan yang lain. Kemampuan ini sangat
penting daripada yang lain. Kemampuan berbicara adalah kemampuan kedua
yang harus dimiliki siswa setelah keahlian mendengarkan dan sebelum
kemampuan membaca dan menulis.Untuk membuat kemampuan berbicara secara
baik, siswa diharapkan untuk mengingat dan praktik berbagai macam ekspresi
dalam bahasa inggris. Jadi, mereka harus mempunyai keahlian yang bagus dalam
mengekspresikan perasaan, ide mereka dalam bahasa inggris.Itu semua harus
digunakan dalam percakapan bahasa inggris.
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui Time Token Arends (TTA)
Technique dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berbicara kelas XI C di MA NU
Mazro’atul Huda Karanganyar Demak tahun pelajaran 2014/2015.
Penelitian ini menggunakan Classroom Action Research (CAR). Yang
bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berbicara di XI C di MA NU
Mazro’atul Huda Karanganyar Demak dengan menggunakan Time Token Arends
Teknik di pelajaran berbicara. Subjek penelitian ini adalah kelas XI C di MA NU
Mazro’atul Huda Karanganyar Demak yang berjumlah 34 siswa. Penelitian ini
selesai dalam 2 cycle. Untuk mengetahui aktivitasdan level nilai siswa dalam
penelitian ini menggunakan 2 instrument yaitu observation checklist untuk
mengetahui guru dan siswa saat pelajaran dikelas dan tes berbicara langsung
untuk mengetahui level nilai siswa.
Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah ada peningkatan dalam keahlian berbicara
dalam materi narrative. Di siklus 1 rata- rata keahlian berbicara pada kelas sebelas
c di MA NU Mazro’atul Huda Karanganyar Demak di tahun pelajaran 2014/2015
setelah menggunakan Time Token Arends (TTA) Technique adalah 70,2. itu
dikategorikan bagus. dan di dalam siklus 2 rata-rata nilai 75,8. Dikategorikan
bagus.
Dari hasil tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan Time Token
Arends (TTA technique dapat meningkatkan kemapuan berbicara siswa. Guru
disarankan agar menggunakan Time Token Arends sebagai tehnik untuk
pengajaran berbagai aspek dalam bahasa Inggris. Sedangkan, bagi peneliti
lainnya, mereka disarankan agar mengeksplor fitur lain di dalamnya.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER .......................................................................................................... i
LOGO ............................................................................................................ ii
PAGE OF TITLE ........................................................................................... iii
MOTTO AND DEDICATION ...................................................................... iv
ADVISOR’S APPROVAL ............................................................................ v
EXAMINER’S APPROVAL......................................................................... vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................. vii
ABSTRACT .................................................................................................. ix
ABSTRAK ..................................................................................................... x
TABLE OF CONTENTS .............................................................................. xi
LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................... xv
LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................... xvii
LIST OF APPENDICES................................................................................ xviii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Research .................................................................... 1
1.2 Statement of the Problem......................................................................... 4
1.3 Objective of the Research ........................................................................ 4
1.4 Significance of the Research ................................................................... 5
1.5 Limitation of the Research ....................................................................... 6
1.6 Operational Definitionn ........................................................................... 6
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CHAPTER II REVIEW RELATED LITERATURE AND ACTION
HYPOTHESIS
2.1 Teaching English in MA NU Mazro’atul Huda Karanganyar Demak...... 7
2.1.1 The Curriculum of Teaching English in MA NU M azro’atul Huda
Karanganyar Demak ............................................................................... 8
2.1.2 The Material of Teaching English in Ma Nu Mazro’atul Huda Karanganyar
Demak ..................................................................................................... 8
2.1.3 The Technique of Teaching English in Ma Nu Mazro’atul Huda
Karanganyar Demak ............................................................................... 9
2.2 Speaking as language Skill ...................................................................... 10
2.2.1 Definition of Speaking ........................................................................... 10
2.2.2 The component of Speaking Skill ........................................................... 11
2.2.3 Speaking Assessment .............................................................................. 12
2.3 Narrative Text .......................................................................................... 13
2.3.1 Social function ........................................................................................ 14
2.3.2 Generic structure ..................................................................................... 14
2.3.3 Grammatical features .............................................................................. 15
2.3.4 Type of narrative text .............................................................................. 15
2.4 Time Token Arends (TTA) ..................................................................... 18
2.4.1 The Advantage and Disadvantage of Time Token Arends (TTA) .......... 19
2.4.2 The use of time token Arends (TTA) in Teaching Speaking .................. 20
2.5 Previous Study ........................................................................................... 21
2.6 Theoretical Framework ............................................................................. 24
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2.7 Action Hypothesis ..................................................................................... 25
CHAPTER III METHOD OF THE RESEARCH
3.1 Setting and Characteristics of Research Subject ........................................ 26
3.2 Variable of the Research ........................................................................... 27
3.3 Design of the research ................................................................................ 27
3.3.1 Planning .................................................................................................. 28
3.3.2 Action ..................................................................................................... 29
3.3.3 Observation ............................................................................................. 30
3.3.4 Analysis and Reflection ......................................................................... 31
3.4 Data Collecting........................................................................................... 31
3.5 Instrument Research ................................................................................. 34
3.6 Data Analysis ............................................................................................. 34
3.7 Succes Indicator ......................................................................................... 39
CHAPTER IV FINDING OF THE RESEARCH
4.1 Preliminary Research ................................................................................ 41
4.2 The Result of Cycle 1 ................................................................................. 45
4.2.1 The Implementation of Time Token Arends (TTA) Technique to improve
the students speaking skill of class XI C of MA NU Mazro’atul Huda
Karanganyar Demak cycle 1 ................................................................... 42
4.2.2 The Students Speaking skill of class XI C of MA NU Mazro’atul Huda
Karanganyar Demak using Time Token Arends (TTA) in cycle 1 ........ 47
4.3 The Result of Cycle 2 ................................................................................. 50
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4.3.1 The Implementation of Time Token Arends (TTA) Technique to improve
the students speaking skill of class XI C of MA NU Mazro’atul Huda
Karanganyar Demak cycle 2 ................................................................... 50
CHAPTER V DISCUSSION
5.1 The implementation of Time Token Arends (TTA) to improve the students
speaking skill of class XI C of MA NU Mazro’atul Huda Karanganyar
Demak ....................................................................................................... 58
5.2 The improvement of students of students speaking skill of class XI C of MA
NU Mazro’atul Huda Karanganyar Demak using TTA Technique ......... 60
CHAPTER VI CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
6.1 Conclusion.................................................................................................. 62
6.2 Suggestion ................................................................................................. 63
REFERENCES ................................................................................................. 64
APPENDICES.................................................................................................. 66
STATEMENT .................................................................................................. 145
CURRICULUM VITAE .................................................................................. 146
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LIST OF TABLES
3.4 The Rating Scales of Speaking Score ........................................................ 32
3.5 Observation Checklist by using Time Token Arends (TTA) in the
Classroom by observer ............................................................................... 35
3.6 Description of the Average Score of Speaking skill ................................. 38
4.2 The Implementation of Time Token Arends (TTA) Technique to
Improve the Students’ Speaking Skill of Class XI C of MA NU
Mazro’atul Huda Karanganyar Demak in Academic Year 2014/2015
in the First Meeting of Cycle 1 ................................................................. 42
4.3 The Implementation of Time Token Arends (TTA) Technique to
Improve the Students’ Speaking Skill of Class XI C of MA NU
Mazro’atul Huda Karanganyar Demak in Academic Year 2014/2015
in the second Meeting of Cycle 1.............................................................. 47
4.4 The Score of Students’ Speaking Skill of Class XI C of MA NU
Mazro’atul Huda Karanganyar Demak using Time Token Arends
(TTA) Technique in Cycle 1 ..................................................................... 48
4.5 The Implementation of Time Token Arends (TTA) Technique to
Improve the Students’ Speaking Skill of Class XI C of MA NU
Mazro’atul Huda Karanganyar Demak in Academic Year 2014/2015
in the First Meeting of Cycle 2 ................................................................. 51
4.6 The Implementation of Time Token Arends (TTA) Technique to
Improve the Students’ Speaking Skill of Class XI C of MA NU
Mazro’atul Huda Karanganyar Demak in Academic Year 2014/2015
in the Second Meeting of Cycle 2 ............................................................. 53
4.7 The Score of Students’ Speaking Skill of Class XI C of MA NU
Mazro’atul Huda Karanganyar Demak using Time Token Arends
(TTA) Technique in Cycle 2 ..................................................................... 56
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4.8 Recapitulation of the Students’ Speaking Skill of Class XI C of MA
NU Mazro’atul Huda Karanganyar Demak in Academic Year
2014/2015 using Time Token Arends Technique ..................................... 57
xvii
LIST OF FIGURES
2.3 Example of Narrative Text ......................................................................... 17
2.6 Figure of Theoretical Framework .............................................................. 25
3.3 Cyclical AR Model based on Kemmis and Mc Taggart (1998)................. 28
3.4 The Rating Scale of Speaking Score .......................................................... 32
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LIST OF APPENDICES
1. Syllabus ..................................................................................................... 69
2. Lesson Plan Cycle 1 ................................................................................. 70
3. Lesson Plan Cycle 2 .................................................................................. 83
4. Observation Checklist Cycle 1 .................................................................. 97
5. Observation Checklist Cycle 2 .................................................................. 100
6. Data of Daily test Scores of Speaking ...................................................... 103
7. Description of the Average Categorizing Score of Speaking Skill ........... 104
8. The score of Students’ speaking Skill of Class XI C of MA NU
Mazro’atul Huda Karanganyar Demak using Time Token Arends
(TTA) Technique in Cycle 1 ..................................................................... 105
9. The score of Students’ speaking Skill of Class XI C of MA NU
Mazro’atul Huda Karanganyar Demak using Time Token Arends
(TTA) Technique in Cycle 1 ..................................................................... 111
10. Recapitulation of the Students’ Speaking Skill of Class XI C of MA
NU Mazro’atul Huda Karanganyar Demak in the Academic Year
2014/2015 by using Time Token Arends (TTA) Technique .................... 112
11. Table Scoring Scale of Speaking Test ...................................................... 115
12. The Transcript of the Students’ Oral Test in Cycle 1 ............................... 117
13. The Transcript of the Students’ Oral Test in Cycle 2 ............................... 119
14. Surat Penetapan Bimbingan Skripsi ......................................................... 144
15. Surat Permohonan Ijin Penelitian ............................................................ 145
16. Consultation Sheet .................................................................................. 145
17. Curiculum Vitae ........................................................................................ 146
18. Statement ................................................................................................... 145
19. Surat Keterangan Selesai Bimbingan ........................................................ 146
20. Permohonan Ujian Skripsi ........................................................................ 147
21. Surat Keterangan Selesai Penelitian ........................................................ 148
Surat Pengajuan Judul dan Bimbingan Skripsi ............................................... 149