The use of deliberative scenarios for WES appraisal and ... · landscape, local identity and...

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Assessing and predicting effects on water quantity and quality in Iberian rivers caused by global change Francesc LaRoca , Graciela Ferrer and Joserra Diez http://www.idaea.csic.es/scarceconsolider The use of deliberative scenarios for WES appraisal and identification of measures in two Mediterranean case studies

Transcript of The use of deliberative scenarios for WES appraisal and ... · landscape, local identity and...

Page 1: The use of deliberative scenarios for WES appraisal and ... · landscape, local identity and touristic attractiveness –the main source of local income. Anoia river basin Overuse

Assessing and predicting effects on water quantity and quality in Iberian rivers caused by global change

Francesc La‐Roca , Graciela Ferrer and Joserra  Diez

http://www.idaea.csic.es/scarceconsolider

The use of deliberative scenarios for WES 

appraisal and identification of measures in two 

Mediterranean case studies 

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Provisioning 

Water for food cropsWater for livestock Water for energy productionFish (food)Water for transportWater for drinking & domestic purposesWater for wood and fuels production Water for industrial crops Water for other economic activities (industry, tourism, etc.)

Regulation

Climate regulacionHydrological regimesSelf‐purificationSoil & sediment dynamicsProtection against extreme climate events

Ecosystem integrity maintenanceGenetic heritage maintenance Habitat

Aesthetic pleasureRecreational usesInspiration & spiritualityHealth & psicological benefitsEducational & scientific

Cultural/Aesthetic

Action and 

choice freedo

m

HUMAN WELLBEINGSecurity 

Material bas

e for a 

good life

Good social 

relationships

AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS

WES: Water ecosystem’s contribution to human wellbeing

Adapted from MEA (2005) & TEEB (2010)

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How global change might affect WES?

• Two case studies: Noguera de Tor & Anoia sub‐RB

• Horizon 2050: Deliberative scenarios

2012

-201

3

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Two case studiesNoguera de Tor river basinSmall mountain sub‐RB (312 km2 / 1800‐850 mosl) West Catalan Pyrenees – Ebro RB

Noguera de Tor stream (30 km / 244 hm3/y) 

Low population density

Hydropower production & residential/familiar tourism (snow & active sport, natural amenities, historical heritage)

National Park “Aigüestortes i Llac de Sant Maurici”

Water ecosystems in good status (although hydromorphological alterations)

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Two case studiesAnoia river basinMedium sub‐RB (930 km2 / 700‐56 mosl) Catalan Central Depresion ‐Prelitoral mountain – Llobregat RB

Anoia stream (65 km / 60 hm3/y) / Carme‐Capellades aquifer 

Population concentrates in middle sized cities close to the Anoia river 

Industry (paper, tanneries, textile, automotive) and services, non irrigated agriculture, livestock, urban sprawl

Water ecosystems and groundwater in worse than good status

Barcelona’s Metropolitan Area

MEDITERRANEAN SEA

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Perceived trade‐offs among WESNoguera de Tor

High intensity of use of WES Provision of water for energy production generates deterioration in: 

– Hydrological regime.

– Maintenance of ecosystem integrity.

– Recreational and aesthetic WES.

– Provisioning of water for livestock farming. 

These WES are relevant for local population so are fundamental for landscape, local identity and touristic attractiveness –the main source of local income.

Anoia river basinOveruse of WES Provision of water for drinking & domestic purposes, water for industrial uses, and self‐purification generates deterioration in:

– Hydrological regime.

– Self‐purification.

– Habitat WES.

– Recreational and aesthetic WES.

– Provisioning WES (water imports ATLL). 

Artificial occupations of fluvial space deteriorates:

– Protection against floods.

– Soil & sediment dynamics.

– Hydrological regime.

– Habitat WES.

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Perceived vulnerability against CC

Noguera de TorMost vulnerable uses: Traditional ranching & snow tourism 

Hydropower production highly resilient: efficiency gains and negotiation capacity

New uses: new climatically adapted crops & summer tourism

WES: increased pressure on Provisioning & Regulation WES

– Growing conflicts among Water for energy production and competing provisioning WES 

Anoia river basinMost vulnerable uses: non‐irrigated agriculture, small irrigated gardens, industrial uses & livestock farming

Drinking & domestic uses highly resilient: institutional supply priority

WES: increased pressure on Provisioning, Regulation & Habitat WES

– Increased external dependence for water provisioning

CLIMATE CHANGE EXPECTED EFFECTS IN RBs (2050)*: ▲Temp / ▼Precipitation / ▲ Evapotranspiration / ▲ Torrential rains / ▼ Snow days / ▼ Water resources / ▲▼ Fluvial metabolism (▼ Self-purification & ▼ Biodiversity support)

* Barrera‐Escoda & Cunillera (2011); ACA (2009)

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Most important WES for the future (Horizon 2050)

- CLIMATE CHANGE EXPECTED EFFECTS IN RBs - TWO ALTERNATIVE CONTEXTUAL SOCIO-ECONOMIC SCENARIOS

Core ideas

Tech‐optimism & economic compensability

Ecosystems fragility & irreversibility Limited tech alternatives 

Individualism Sense of community

Economic growth first Economic growth limited by 

environmental & social conditionsSociety’s  primary goal

Economic competitiveness Life quality

Public sector Low intervention, market disturbanceIntegration of environmental & social concerns in economic 

policy; intervention in economy

Natural resource management 

Profitability & Economic efficiency Environmental, social & economic efficiency

International trade Internationalisation & Deregulation Proximity markets & Regulation (fair trade)

Economic structure Growing territorial specialization Economic diversity; innovation & traditional sectors

Human settlements Urban, linked to economic activity Urban, rural world is socially valued

Technology & Innovation

New market products & servicesIncrease market products & services ecoefficiency; development of social & environmental applications 

Decision making Technocratic style, low PP, low decentralisation Participative style, diverse levels of decentralisation

Environmental Policy Reactive Proactive

ECONOMIC COMPETENCE SOCIOENVIRONMENTAL INTEGRATION

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Perceived most important WES for the future local wellbeing 

Noguera de Tor

Provisioning WES:

•Water for livestock farming

•Water for other economic act.

Cultural & Aesthetic WES:

•Recreational services•Educational & scientific services

Anoia river basin

Provisioning WES: 

•Water for drinking & domestic purposes

Regulation WES:

•Hydrological regime

•Self‐purificationHabitat WES: 

•Maintenance of ecosystem integrity

Hydrological regime & Maintenance Hydrological regime & Maintenance of ecosystem integrity of ecosystem integrity ≡≡ STRATEGIC WESSTRATEGIC WES

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What to do for conserving identified relevant WES to 2050?

Noguera de Tor

Action lines:

A.Political coordination (River contract)

B.Land planning integration

C.Water use rationalization

D.Economic instruments

E.Knowledge & education

Anoia river basin

Action lines: 

A.Water use rationalization

B.Land & urban planning integration

C.Economic instruments

D.Transparency & knowledge

E.Pollution prevention

F.Ecological restoration

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What to do for conserving identified relevant WES to 2050?

Noguera de Tor: participant’s proposed measuresMeasures (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)Voluntary agreement for WES protection ‐ + + + + + +Land use limitations ‐ ‐ ‐ + + + +Ecosystems connectivity  ‐ ‐ + + + +Review of water use rights ‐ + + + +Ecological flows ‐ ‐ ‐ + + + +Payment for water provision for hydropower generation

‐ + + +

Payment for self‐purification and provision of good quality water + +

Payment for recreational uses of protected areas ‐ + +Research on impacts of global change on biodiversity

+ + + +

Knowledge transfer + + + + + +Environmental education + +

(1) Water for hydropower generation; (2) Water for livestock farming; (3) Water for other economic activities (tourism); (4) Recreational services; (5) Educational and scientific services; (6) Hydrological regime; (7) Maintenance of ecosystem integrity.

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What to do for conserving identified relevant WES to 2050?

Anoia: participant’s proposed measuresMeasures (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)Use of regenerated wastewater + + + +Implementation of ecological flows - - + + + +Use of regenerated wastewater for ecological flows + + +Water saving + + + + +Water imports + +Water efficient buildings + + + +Protection of groundwater recharge zones + + + + +Stricter regulation of pollutants releases + + + + +Repercussion of water provision full cost to users + +Payment for protecting water sources + + + +Transparency and knowledge + + + +Ecological restoration + + +

(1) Water for drinking & domestic purposes; (2) Water for industrial uses; (3) Recreational services; (4) Self‐purification; (5) Hydrological regime; (6) Maintenance of ecosystem integrity.

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Conclusions• WES  identification  helps  lay  people  mapping  of  human‐

ecosystem evolving relationship:  interdependence of use of WES and ecological processes & functions.

• Provisioning & cultural/aesthetic WES directly connected to human wellbeing; however, their dependence on regulation &  habitat WES was made  evident:  participant’s  proposed measures to WES conservation

• WES approach  is promising to communicate and get social support  to  measures  addressed  to  achievement  of environmental goals in water management (WFD’s goals) 

• Distributional  issues (territorial & temporal asymmetry)  is a key  issue  for  WES  management  and  design  of economic/legal instruments.

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Conclusions• Deliberative  scenarios  allowed  participants’ creative  and 

strategic thinking under high uncertainty conditions.

• Participatory  techniques  give  the  opportunity  for  collective learning and shared reflection.

• However,  participatory  exercises are  time  consuming  for promoters & participants.

• Low participation is a problem: lack of connection to decision making  demotivated  economic  &  political  actors. Environmental  bias  in  attendance.  Loss  of  discursive inclusiveness. 

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Assessing and predicting effects on water quantity and quality in Iberian rivers caused by global change

Thank you for your attention!

The use of deliberative scenarios for WES appraisal and identification of measures in two Mediterranean case studies 

http://www.idaea.csic.es/scarceconsolider

Francesc La‐Roca , Graciela Ferrer and Joserra  Diez