The Use of 3D Simulation Modeling Techniques to Improve Health and Safety Performance

Stephen AUstephenau@mtech.com.hk

MTECH Engineering Co.,Ltd12.12.2012

Agenda

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3D Simulation for Physical Safety Barrier

The Challenges of OSH

3D Simulation for Behavioral Safety Barrier

Occupation Safety and Health

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Continuing Improvement for Occupation Safety and Health

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Krause’s illustration of three different preventative strategies and theireffect on the accident level (Krause 1995)

Economic Effect of Safety & Health to a Company

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Accident Prevention

• Accident prevention is not about achieving ZERO risk, but rather about achieving ZERO accidents.

• This is achieved by ensuring that safety barriers are designed appropriately, that they are installed and functional, that they are cleaned and maintained, that instruction in their use is provided and finally that people are motivated to act in a safe manner.

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Safety Barriers

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Safety Barriers

Physical Safety Barrier– They are constructed and

designed appropriately– Installed according to

purpose,– Used as prescribed,– Checked continually and– Maintained in good

condition

Behavioral Safety Barrier– Procedures, plans, rules and

goals– Availability of good personnel

and planning– Competences and adaptation

of personnel and tasks– Commitment, involvement and

endeavouring to resolve conflicting situations

– Coordination and communication

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Safety Barriers• Passive safety barriers are those that are incorporated

into the technology, process, procedures, etc. and which prevent undesirable events from occurring. These include technical safety precautions, automatic process procedures, targeted safety routine, etc.

• Active safety barriers are those that need to be learned by the individual so that he or she through his or her behaviour prevents undesirable events from occurring. These include safety instructions, safety procedures, safety standard and routines.

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What We Need to Do?

• How do we ensure that such simultaneities of factors that can result in accidents do not arise?

• How do we create awareness that “simultaneities” can occur so that people have an opportunity to take the appropriate action?

• How do we ensure that people what they should do when they are in situations where a simultaneity of factors arises that can lead to an accident?

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Safety Barriers And Risk Observations

• The employer shall ensure that the correct equipment is in place and in order, that employees know, how they shall use it, and are motivated for using it correctly, and that the employee knows what he must do, when and if the equipment fails or does not suit the task.

• The employer shall organise the work so that there is clarity over what he expects of the employee behaviourally, that the employee knows this and is motivated to fulfil these expectations.

• The employees shall pay regard to the competencies the individual has when organising the work, and he shall take part in improving these competencies, when this is needed out of regard to the job‟s performance.

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INTELLECTUAL PROPTERTY

VIRTUALTangible Assets

REAL OPERATIONS

Non tangible Assets

PHYSICAL

Process and product knowledge

Construction

“Define, Plan, Validate, Monitor & Control the Physical world in a Virtual Digital Environment”

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Traditional Way vs. Virtual Way

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BEFORE• 2D drawing, text, photo and video• Only Safety Manager has OSH knowledge• OSH are difficult to be predicted into design

and operation• OSH data & engineering data are segmented• Push based training

Virtual• 3D intelligent model• 3D Model maintained “ Life-Like experience”• Collaboration is active during design &

construction• Validate OSH procedure virtually and

interactively• Interactive training and learning• 3D intelligent model captures operation

performance data

Agenda

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3D Simulation for Physical Safety Barrier

The Challenges of OSH

3D Simulation for Behavioral Safety Barrier

Working Environment Investigation• The surface that is being travelled on or being worked on,

i.e. be careful, risk of falling• The surroundings that are being travelled or worked in,

i.e. see if there is a risk in your surroundings of something colliding with you from outside, or of you colliding with something, etc.

• What is being worked on or with, i.e. look at what you are working on and the risk of you becoming caught up/jammed in something, stabbing yourself, cutting yourself, straining yourself, etc.

• Surroundings of a particularly dangerous nature. i.e. conditions that require particular vigilance.

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The Link Between Working Environment, Process & Human

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Prepare product by transferring BIM

• Create/import resources • Plan site layout

Import schedule

• Create simulation in 3D• Concrete process simulation

• Crane simulation

• Generate reports• Update Project schedule

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Create Work Breakdown Structure

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5

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6• Assign 3D data to process

• Validate process in 3D

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• Human simulation• Ergonomic analysis

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Add annotations and Work instructions

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Typical Virtual Construction Workflow

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Working Space Analysis for Worker Safety & Health

Conditions

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Embedded Safety Procedures in the Method Statement

Ergonomics StudyEvaluate ergonomics for human activities to ensure worker safety and comfort• Ergonomic design and improvement of

manual or semi-automated workplaces• Maximize operator comfort and safety

Solution Features & Benefits

Simulate workers to predict human performanceSimulate and choreograph multiple workers working in tandem

Evaluate manning level alternatives

Optimize Tasks performance

Detailed ergonomic analysis including RULA

Library of worker functions and actions for Construction industry

Optimize work center design

Analyze human interaction with devices, robots and processes

Analyze human interaction using vision

Use simulations as a learning environment for workers

Work Crew Simulation, Planning, Resource Optimization, Safety & Training

Human Simulation

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Optimize the Construction sequence by simulating key human tasks

Improve work center design and maximize worker safety and comfort

Use simulations as a learning environment for crew training and safety

Construction activities are simulated to check if there is physical conflicts.

Remedy work like redesign or reschedule can then be done to prevent

conflicts.

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Design for Safety Operations and Maintenance

Value of 3D Simulation

• What shall be observed, which concerns observation of safety barriers

• How shall the observed safety barriers be quality assessed

• What types of action shall be taken based upon observations and the evaluation

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Agenda

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3D Simulation for Physical Safety Barrier

The Challenges of OSH

3D Simulation for Behavioral Safety Barrier

Safety Training

• Expectation, understanding and motivation are based on what the individual perceives as being important. It is therefore appropriate to influence the individual's expectations and acknowledgement of risks and safety barriers through instruction, training and communication of goals and consequences.

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Type of Persons to Handle Hazard

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Conscious Incompetence

Conscious Competence

Unconscious Incompetence

Unconscious Competence

Knowledge – Ability - Action

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Bellamy’s illustration of knowledge-ability-action in relation to safetybarriers and ”message maps”, etc. (Bellamy et al 2009)

Unsafe Acts

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Reason’s structure and understanding of errors and incorrect actions,

(Reason 1990)

Human behaviour as being the factor that triggers the accident

Industry Difficulties

Difficulties & Pressures• Method statement and working schedule normally in

writing and difficult to validate• Users demand better quality presentation• Complicated equipment installation and commissioning

manual• Safety issues demands for training repeatedly

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Occupation Health & Safety ExcellenceCombined product-documentation bundle with new levels of interactiveness for

knowledge transfer.

Equipment user manual

Working procedure

Hazard handling

Health working behavior

Working with FUN

Solution

Bridges the gap by pulling 3D CAD and other data, into powerful authoring tools thus enabling Product Catalogue, Operation Procedures & Training materials with

interactive 3D visualizations and simulations more rapidly and efficiently than ever before.

3D Operation ManualEngineering/

Manufacturing

Authoring

End-User/Consumer

Reuse

Project

Existing Text

Text / 2DAuthoring

Create 3D StepAnimations

2D Paper / E-Paper

Publish

Review / Update

Design CADData

Edit Document

3D Interactive

Create Interactive 3D Method Statement

• Easy-to-use language-based 3D animation

• Uses simplified technical English commands

• Quickly generate working instructions

• Built-in BOP text editor• Automatic text generation from

animations• Synchronise animations with text

• Map parts data from CAD/BOM metadata

• Link 3D parts to text• List parts for each assembly step

• Configurable style sheet-based publishing

• HTML web app• iPad app• 2D/3D PDF

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Create Interactive T & C Training

• Reuse existing procedures & animations

• T&C Manuals & O&M Instructions

• Training scenarios wizard• Identify Parts• Multiple choice questions• Procedure branching

• Demo, Study and Exam modes• Demo for procedure review• Study for assisted progress• Exam for scored with no

assistance

• Configurable style sheet-based publishing

• HTML web app

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Integrated Technical Documentation Solution

RapidAuthor

RapidAuthor

Rapi

dAu

thor

RapidAu

thor

Graphics

WriteText

AnimateExplode

Illustrate

ReuseRepurpose

RapidProject

Source Data

BOM

JT

2D/3D CAD

...

Other Assets

ContentDelivery/

Management

<xml />

XML

CGM

Image

BuildProcedures

PresentationReport

ServiceManuals

TrainingMaterial

OutputDocuments

InteractiveDocument

MethodStatement

Training O & M Manual

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Business Value

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Time / Effort

Cost

Authoring

Authoring

3D/2D Interactive

Current Document Deliverables

2D / Static Print or PDFManually IllustrationsDigital PhotographySeparate Text /Graphics

The OpportunityCAD drivenReuse/Repurpose dataIntegrate Text /GraphicsAutomate updates

Five stages in organisations’ safety cultures

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Value Propositions

• Communication• Motivation• Availability• Ergnormic• Conflicts resolution• Competence• Cost effectiveness

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The Life-Like Experience

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stephenau@mtech.com.hk

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