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ADRIAN LABONDE
INTERNATIONAL LAND AND WATER MANAGEMENT
INTERN AT THE INTERNATIONAL RICE RESEARCH CENTER, LOS BAÑOS,
PHILIPPINES
The use and dissemination of the alternate wetting and drying technology
in Central Luzon, Philippines:
THE CASES OF GRAVITY IRRIGATION IN UPRIIS AND PUMP IRRIGATED AREAS
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Introduction
Water supply is becoming scarce “More rice per drop” Usually cont. flooded Alternate wetting and drying technology address unproductive water flows Continuous flooding not required throughout the
growing season
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Introduction in Canarem, Tarlac (P-38, pump area)
Good results: less water, similar yields Less pump hours, less fuel, less costs Positive feedback and acceptance of AWD
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Demo site in Sto Domingo, UPRIIS (gravity)Similar results in terms of no yield reductionBetter soil conditions during harvest
(mechanization)NIA: encouraged dissemination in UPRIIS and
other irrigation systems
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Casecnan Multipurpose Irrigation and Power Project
Expansion and rehabilitation of UPRIIS service area
Additional 37,000 ha (>23,000)More water in the system
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Current water situation
UPRIIS Division 5Complementing Division 1-4Casecnan canal reaches Tarlac
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Current water situation
UPRIIS Division 5Complementing Division 1-4Casecnan reaches Tarlac
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The case UPRIIS
“Flat-rate” water pricingWater shortages only in parts during dry season->Rotational water scheme applied (tail-end
“first”)
Sufficient, but inefficient water distribution (Lampayan)
“There is no shortage of water to start with” (Siopongco et al., 2013)
“Why should the farmer use AWD when there is plenty of water in the canals?” (Lack of incentives, no cost reductions?)
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Global relevance of AWD
Imminent water crisis in Asia El Niño years?Methane gas reductions and AWDAWD meant as response option to water scarcity“The concept should be there” (Lampayan)
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Research questions
AWD relevance in UPRIIS and pump irrigated area?
How do irrigation practices of farmers change under Casecnan?
What are the perceptions of farmers on AWD?Presentation focuses on Canarem and Casecnan
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Hypotheses
AWD most beneficial for pump usersFarmers with in UPRIIS have sufficient water for
cont. flooding and do lack incentives to use AWDThe Casecnan project changes the irrigation
practices of farmers in Canarem (gets reached by SDC).
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• Key informant interviews and Focus Group Discussions• NIA, NIA-UPRIIS, PhilRice, IRRI• Opinions and perceptions on AWD of NIA and farmers• Water management focus
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2 cases: gravity and pump under improving water availability
Data analysis just startedOnly some initial findings
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Canarem
Do get reached by SDC (tail-end) in two seasonsOverlapping irrigationP-38, TG10 and other IAs (suppl. canal)Parts do not get reached
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Canarem
Suppl. Irrigation in start of season (timing)Too much water in times of terminal
drainageExcess water wets their fieldsConstruction of bypass canal and dam to
capture excess waterAdjusting for double cropping
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Farmers perceptions
“Back in 2002 there was not enough water. Today it seems that AWD is not needed anymore.”
Past: 5 hours of irrigation (8 l/h), AWD: 3 hours“We used AWD to save costs for irrigation”Fuel prices high - Irrigation service fees cheaper
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Canarem farmers use AWD even with sufficient water for cont. flooding
there are only some stages that the field should be irrigated (tillering and flowering stage)
Less irrigation time (costs), more time, heavier grains
Disadvantages: 3 days after transplanting we sprayed herbicide
to control the weeds
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Why is it hard to convince other farmers to implement AWD in their field? “Other farmers do not care if other farmers do not
have water.”“It will be very hard to implement AWD in the
gravity irrigation system because there is a lot of water.”
They even suggest volumetric pricing in UPRIIS. “Let farmers pay the amount they use”
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How is AWD implemented?
DA Administrative Order 25: disseminate water-saving technologies AWD is part of training activities
NIA: why should farmers use AWD when canals are full?There are benefits in using AWD, however
not well known Some are not open to it
Canarem farmers: There should be somebody who will teach farmers about the
technology. NIA should have a strong(er) policy to implement AWD
Upstream farmers do not follow rotational scheduleNIA Rationalisation + NIA administration has new focus
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Why AWD?
Water is becoming scarce and farmers should be prepared for the future
AWD is a response option in case of water scarcityLocal relevance: “Farmers will not lose anything” “The concept should be there” AWD can be beneficial for farmers
Strong policy support is needed
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Suggestions
Look for ways to effectively communicate the AWD concept and farmers’ perceptions among them: It’s ok to let the field dry for certain days Canarem farmers use AWD even with sufficient water
for cont. flooding
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Thanks to IRRI and my Team
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Room for discussion