The U.S. Civil WarThe U.S. Civil WarThe Civil War (1861-1865) took

more American lives than any other war in history. It so divided the

people of the United States that in some families brother fought

against brother. The Civil War was between the Southern States, trying

to preserve slavery and an agricultural way of life, and the Northern States, dedicated to a more modern way of life and to

ending the expansion-and, later, the existence-of slavery. The terrible bloodshed left a heritage of grief and bitterness that declined only

slowly and, even today, has not fully disappeared.

Slave TradeSlave Trade• What is a slave? How did slaves first come to the What is a slave? How did slaves first come to the

Americas?Americas?• Slave Trade:Slave Trade: enslavement and transportation of enslavement and transportation of

Africans to the Americas; lasted from 16Africans to the Americas; lasted from 16thth-19-19thth centurycentury

• Most enslaved people were forcibly taken from Most enslaved people were forcibly taken from Western and Central Africa.Western and Central Africa.

• During the Slave Trade, 10-12 million slaves were During the Slave Trade, 10-12 million slaves were transported to North America. transported to North America.

• 1.2-2.4 million Africans died on their route to the 1.2-2.4 million Africans died on their route to the New World. New World.

Shells – used as currency in Shells – used as currency in the Slave Tradethe Slave Trade

Slavery in the AmericasSlavery in the Americas• Slaves were first brought to the Americas in 1619 Slaves were first brought to the Americas in 1619 • 1642: Massachusetts became the first colony to legalize slavery1642: Massachusetts became the first colony to legalize slavery• Starting in early 1800’s, northern states gradually abolished slaveryStarting in early 1800’s, northern states gradually abolished slavery• By 1860, the majority of other American countries gradually By 1860, the majority of other American countries gradually

abolished slavery (Haiti, Canada, Mexico, Argentina, Uruguay, Chile, abolished slavery (Haiti, Canada, Mexico, Argentina, Uruguay, Chile, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Bolivia & all of Central America) Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Bolivia & all of Central America)

• By 1860, the slave population in the United States was still 4 million.By 1860, the slave population in the United States was still 4 million.• At the time, the U.S. was more stable and modernized than the rest At the time, the U.S. was more stable and modernized than the rest

of the Americas, so why do you think they were one of the last to of the Americas, so why do you think they were one of the last to abolish slavery?abolish slavery?

• The majority of the slaves worked on the plantations in the South; The majority of the slaves worked on the plantations in the South; especially tobacco, cotton, sugar and coffee. especially tobacco, cotton, sugar and coffee.

• In the southern U.S., slaves made up 34% of the populationIn the southern U.S., slaves made up 34% of the population• In the northern U.S., slaves made up 1% of the population. In the northern U.S., slaves made up 1% of the population.

Why did people support slavery?

Why were people against slavery?

Arguments for/against the Arguments for/against the justification of slaveryjustification of slavery

Pro-SlaveryPro-Slavery Anti-SlaveryAnti-Slavery

The U.S. Civil WarThe U.S. Civil WarThe Civil War (1861-1865) took The Civil War (1861-1865) took

more American lives than any other more American lives than any other war in history. It so divided the war in history. It so divided the

people of the United States that in people of the United States that in some families brother fought some families brother fought

against brother. The Civil War was against brother. The Civil War was between the Southern States, trying between the Southern States, trying

to preserve slavery and an to preserve slavery and an agricultural way of life, and the agricultural way of life, and the Northern States, dedicated to a Northern States, dedicated to a more modern way of life and to more modern way of life and to

ending the expansion-and, later, the ending the expansion-and, later, the existence-of slavery. The terrible existence-of slavery. The terrible bloodshed left a heritage of grief bloodshed left a heritage of grief and bitterness that declined only and bitterness that declined only

slowly and, even today, has not fully slowly and, even today, has not fully disappeared.disappeared.

Causes of the U.S. Civil Causes of the U.S. Civil WarWar

““A house divided against itself A house divided against itself cannot stand. I believe this cannot stand. I believe this government cannot endure government cannot endure

permanently half slave and half permanently half slave and half free…”free…”

-Abraham Lincoln -Abraham Lincoln

DiscussionDiscussionWhat do you think caused What do you think caused

the Civil War?the Civil War?

Cause #1 - SectionalismCause #1 - Sectionalism • Different economies, social structures & Different economies, social structures &

political values between North & Southpolitical values between North & South• The NorthThe North

•Encouraged modernizationEncouraged modernization•Belief that the people should decide whether an Belief that the people should decide whether an

action was moral or immoralaction was moral or immoral

• The SouthThe South•Held the present and past dearHeld the present and past dear•Profitable agricultural economy based on slave Profitable agricultural economy based on slave

laborlabor

DiscussionDiscussionTwo different views of Two different views of

economic freedom and the economic freedom and the South’s view of protection South’s view of protection

of “property”of “property”

Cause #2 - The Compromise of Cause #2 - The Compromise of 18501850 1.1. prohibited the slave trade in Washington, D.C. prohibited the slave trade in Washington, D.C.

2.2. admitted California to the Union as a free stateadmitted California to the Union as a free state

3.3. gave newly acquired territories the right to gave newly acquired territories the right to decide for themselves whether to permit decide for themselves whether to permit slaveryslavery

4.4. included a strict included a strict fugitive slave lawfugitive slave law that that required Northerners to return escaped slaves required Northerners to return escaped slaves to their ownersto their owners

The Fugitive Slave The Fugitive Slave LawLaw• The fugitive slave law made northerners The fugitive slave law made northerners

accomplices to slavery, and was very expensive. accomplices to slavery, and was very expensive. • Runaways were denied the right to trial, Runaways were denied the right to trial,

special commissions handled cases, and special commissions handled cases, and received $5-$10 for every runaway. received $5-$10 for every runaway.

• The law also required free citizens to assist The law also required free citizens to assist enforcement. enforcement.

• Northerners rioted and some cities refused to Northerners rioted and some cities refused to cooperate with the law.cooperate with the law.

Cause #3 - The Kansas-Cause #3 - The Kansas-Nebraska ActNebraska Act

•allowed Kansas and Nebraska to decide allowed Kansas and Nebraska to decide whether to allow slaverywhether to allow slavery

•caused a rush of pro and anti slavery caused a rush of pro and anti slavery “settlers” to fight for control (bleeding “settlers” to fight for control (bleeding Kansas)Kansas)

•One southern senator even beat a northern One southern senator even beat a northern senator with his cane on the Senate floor senator with his cane on the Senate floor because of a speech he made about Kansasbecause of a speech he made about Kansas

Cause #4 - The Dred Scott Cause #4 - The Dred Scott CaseCase • A slave claimed freedom A slave claimed freedom

because he had lived for because he had lived for awhile in a free state awhile in a free state

• Dred Scott vs. Sandford: Dred Scott vs. Sandford: the court declared that the court declared that no black could be a no black could be a United States citizenUnited States citizen

• Congress could not Congress could not prohibit slaveryprohibit slavery

Cause #5 - American Two Cause #5 - American Two Party SystemParty System• Democrats were divided:Democrats were divided:

– Northern Democrats believed each state and territory should Northern Democrats believed each state and territory should determine slavery status itself determine slavery status itself

– Southern Democrats believed slavery was protected by the Southern Democrats believed slavery was protected by the Constitution and that Congress could establish slave statesConstitution and that Congress could establish slave states

• Republicans Republicans considered slavery evil and opposed its considered slavery evil and opposed its extension into Western territoriesextension into Western territories

(“…there is a higher law than the Constitution” if the constitution permitted slavery, (“…there is a higher law than the Constitution” if the constitution permitted slavery, then we are morally justified to ignore it. )then we are morally justified to ignore it. )

• Other Republican factions formed: Know-Nothing Party Other Republican factions formed: Know-Nothing Party blamed immigrants and Roman Catholics for the blamed immigrants and Roman Catholics for the country's problemscountry's problems

Discussion & ReviewDiscussion & Review• In your opinion, In your opinion,

which of the five which of the five causes had the causes had the biggest impact biggest impact on the start of on the start of the U.S. Civil the U.S. Civil War?War?

• SectionalismSectionalism• Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850• Kansas-Nebraska ActKansas-Nebraska Act• Dred Scott DecisionDred Scott Decision• American Two-Party American Two-Party

SystemSystem

The Election of Abraham The Election of Abraham LincolnLincoln• BackgroundBackground

– Born very poor in a log cabin in KentuckyBorn very poor in a log cabin in Kentucky– Self educated lawyer; deep respect for the lawSelf educated lawyer; deep respect for the law– Known for his character, sincerity, and humorKnown for his character, sincerity, and humor– Married to Mary Todd and had 4 sons (only 1 lived to adulthood)Married to Mary Todd and had 4 sons (only 1 lived to adulthood)

The Election of Abraham The Election of Abraham LincolnLincolnElection of 1860Election of 1860

1. The North had enough electoral votes to choose 1. The North had enough electoral votes to choose the president (Lincoln received only 40% of the the president (Lincoln received only 40% of the popular vote)popular vote)

2. The South leaves the Union2. The South leaves the Union– Secession: Secession: formal withdrawal from a nationformal withdrawal from a nation– Jefferson Davis elected presidentJefferson Davis elected president

• His view of slavery was how he personally treated His view of slavery was how he personally treated his slaves, which was good, and he was not well his slaves, which was good, and he was not well traveledtraveled

                                                                                              

                                        

DiscussionDiscussion Who do you think had the

advantage in the Civil War, the Union or the Confederacy? Why?

The U.S. Civil The U.S. Civil War War Advantages of the Advantages of the

NorthNorth – huge populationhuge population– standing army and standing army and

navynavy– Industrialization & Industrialization &

manufacturingmanufacturing– large transportation large transportation

systemsystem

Advantages of the Advantages of the SouthSouth – Determination and Determination and

motivationmotivation– military leadership military leadership

and combat and combat expertiseexpertise

– only had to survive only had to survive to succeedto succeed

Civil War GeneralsCivil War Generals

North:

Ulysses S. Grant

South:

Robert E. Lee

The Civil War The Civil War Lincoln’s Goals Lincoln’s Goals •preserve the Unionpreserve the Union•keep the border states on the keep the border states on the

side of the Unionside of the Union•keep foreign countries from keep foreign countries from

helping the Confederacy helping the Confederacy

What is missing What is missing from this list? from this list?

Lincoln’s Goals Lincoln’s Goals •preserve the Unionpreserve the Union•keep the border states on the keep the border states on the

side of the Unionside of the Union•keep foreign countries from keep foreign countries from

helping the Confederacy helping the Confederacy

Lincoln’sLincoln’s GoalsGoals““My paramount object in this struggle My paramount object in this struggle isis to to

save the Union, and is save the Union, and is notnot either to save either to save or to destroy slavery. If I could save the or to destroy slavery. If I could save the Union without freeing Union without freeing anyany slave I would slave I would do it, and if I could save it by freeing do it, and if I could save it by freeing allall the slaves I would do it; and if I could the slaves I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing some and leaving save it by freeing some and leaving others alone I would also do that.” others alone I would also do that.”

- (Lincoln's Letter to Horace Greeley) - (Lincoln's Letter to Horace Greeley)

Civil War Event Civil War Event WorksheetWorksheet• 2012 0nly!!!!!2012 0nly!!!!!

• The Civil War lasted from The Civil War lasted from 1861-1865 and was comprised 1861-1865 and was comprised of various events, battles and of various events, battles and dates.dates.

• To understand these a little To understand these a little better you are going to better you are going to complete a graphic organizer complete a graphic organizer for homework.for homework.

• These will be your notes for These will be your notes for the section so make sure you the section so make sure you actually read the section and actually read the section and summarize the information.summarize the information.