The University of Texas at Arlington Lecture 8Lecture...

The University of Texas at Arlington

Lecture 8Lecture 8

CSE 3442/5442

Agenda Thursday 17Agenda Thursday 17

• Exam1 Thuesday, March 1st.• HW3 Due todayy• Answers to HW1• Finish Lecture 7 – Example Check• Finish Lecture 7 – Example Check

Sum, ParityAdditional discussions of using LCD• Additional discussions of using LCD with PIC

CSE 3442/4442 Lecture 8 Dr. Roger Walker

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HW1 Problems denoted in REDHW1 Problems denoted in RED

• On pages 36 in your text work problemsOn pages 36 in your text, work problems 11, 13, 14, 16, 18, 19, 21, 22, 23, 28


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HW1 Problems denoted in REDHW1 Problems denoted in RED

9. Give the name and the manufacturer of9. Give the name and the manufacturer of some of the most widely used 8-bit micro controllers.

PIC 16x – Microchip Technology, 8051 -Intel, AVR – Atmel, Z8 – Zilog,g

68HC11 – Freescale Semiconductor (Motorola).( )

10. In Question 9, which one has the most manufacture sources? 8051.


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HW1 Cont.HW1 Cont.

11. In a battery-based embedded product, what is11. In a battery based embedded product, what is the most important factor in choosing a microcontroller?

Power consumption.

12. In an embedded controller with on-chip ROM, why does the size of the ROM matter?

The ROM area is where the executable code is stored.


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HW1 – Cont.HW1 Cont.

13 In choosing a microcontroller how13. In choosing a microcontroller, how important is it to have multiple sources for that chip?that chip?

Very Important, in case there is a shortage by one suppliershortage by one supplier.


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HW-Cont.HW Cont.

14 What does the term "third-party support"14. What does the term third party support mean?

Suppliers other than the manufacturer ofSuppliers other than the manufacturer of the chip.


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HW-Cont.HW Cont.

15. Suppose that a microcontroller architecture pphas both 8-bit and 16-bit versions.

Which of the following statements is true? (a) The 8-bit software will run on the 16-bit system.

(b) The 16-bit software will run on the 8-bit systemsystem.

B is absolutely wrong, 16 bit software can not run on a 8 bit system due to specialu o a 8 b t syste due to spec a

instructions and registers. But A can be true (in the case of software compatibility).


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HW-Cont.HW Cont.

16 The PIC18F458 has bytes of on-chip16. The PIC18F458 has __ bytes of on chip program ROM.

32 Kbytes32 Kbytes17. The PIC 18F2420 has __ bytes of on-

hi d t RAM 1536 b tchip data RAM. 1536 bytes18. The PIC18F452 has __ on-chip timer(s). 4 timers


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HW-Cont.HW Cont.

19 The PIC18F458 has bytes of on-chip19. The PIC18F458 has __ bytes of on chip data RAM. 1536 bytes

21 The PIC18F458 has pins for I/O21. The PIC18F458 has __ pins for I/O. 34pins

22 Th PIC18F h i it t t22. The PIC18Fxxx has circuitry to support __ serial ports. 1 serial port

23. The PIC18F458 on-chip program ROM is of type _ Flash ('F')


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HW-Cont.HW Cont.

27 Give the amount of program ROM and27. Give the amount of program ROM and data RAM for the following chips:

(a) PIC18F2420 (b) PIC18F458 (c)(a) PIC18F2420 (b) PIC18F458 (c) PIC18F8772

( ) 16K ROM 768 B t RAM(a) 16K ROM, 768 Bytes RAM(b) 32K ROM, 1536 Bytes RAM(c) 128K ROM, 3936 Bytes RAM


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HW-Cont.HW Cont.

28 Of the PIC18 family which memory type28. Of the PIC18 family, which memory type is the most cost effective if you are using a million of them in an embeddeda million of them in an embedded product? The OTP version of the PIC


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Parity and Check SumParity and Check Sum

• Parity and Check Sum: Parity andParity and Check Sum: Parity and checksum are used to help insure data is transmitted from one module to anothertransmitted from one module to another without loss of bits or data. Your text discusses check sum in Chapter 5discusses check sum in Chapter 5. Neither method will guarantee signal integrity but are simple methods oftenintegrity, but are simple methods often used for aiding loss of information in communications


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communications.

Parity and Check SumParity and Check Sum

Check Sum:Check Sum:1. Add the bytes and ignore the carries2 The 2’s complement of the result in 1 forms2. The 2 s complement of the result in 1. forms

the check sum.Parity:Parity:For odd carry, count the number of ones in each

column. Make the carry bit for that column one co u a e t e ca y b t o t at co u o eif there is an even number of ones. If an odd number the carry bit should be zero.


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Parity and Check Sum – cont.Parity and Check Sum cont.

• Parity Example Check Sum ExampleParity Example Check Sum Example1001 400110 200110 201101 311111 91 = 1001 00010010 Or 2’s Comp 0110 11110010 Or 2 s Comp. 0110 1111


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In Class Assignment #2 – cont.In Class Assignment #2 cont.

• The Hex files generated by Microchip’sThe Hex files generated by Microchip s assembler uses a check sum with each load fileload file.

• Additional information can be found on the web at the following two links:web at the following two links: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parity_bithttp://en wikipedia org/wiki/Checksumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Checksum


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Parity and ChecksumParity and Checksum

Additional Examples:Additional Examples: The (vertical) parity and checksum bytes for the

following four hex bytes are 35 (0011 0101) and g y ( )E8 respectively.23 (0010 0011) 23 + A2 + 8F + C4 = 218h( )A2 (1010 0010) 0001 1000’ = 1110 0111 = 8F (1000 1111) E7 + 1 = E8 C4 (1100 0100)

0011 0101 – 35 Parity (odd)


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y ( )

Parity and Checksum– cont.Parity and Checksum cont.

Compute first the odd (vertical) parity byteCompute first the odd (vertical) parity byte and then checksum for the following bytes:

1 0010 1001 291. 0010 1001 291101 0111 D71000 1010 8A1100 1001 C90100 0010


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Parity and Checksum – cont.Parity and Checksum cont.

0100 00100100 0010Answer Parity 42, Checksum AD.


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Lab 3 – Working with the LCD Di lDisplay.

• Part 1:Part 1:• Write a program that will display all the

characters supported by the LCD in thecharacters supported by the LCD in the QwikFlash board.

• The program should display the charactersThe program should display the characters starting from the first location of line 1; the next character will be displayed in the second location of line 1 and so on until the first line is full then start displaying the characters in line 2.


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Lab 3 - ContinuedLab 3 Continued

• Part 1 - Continued:Part 1 - Continued:Once line 2 is full clear the contents of line 1 and

continue displaying the rest of the characters incontinue displaying the rest of the characters in the same way. When finished displaying, move to the next line.

• 2. Repeat this process until all the characters are displayed. You are not allowed to create an array (or arrays) for the character set supported by the LCD, instead use the character's ASCII

dcode.CSE 3442/4442 Lecture 8

Dr. Roger Walker21


• Part 2:Part 2:• Write a function to display the following

equationsequations• X = α * Σ β * Y,• Y = sin(Ω*t)


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• Part 3:Part 3:• During the lab session a new character will

be assigned to you in order to add it to thebe assigned to you in order to add it to the user-defined characters. Write a function that will continuously display the newthat will continuously display the new character in the center of line 1 for 1 sec then in the center of line 2 for 1 secthen in the center of line 2 for 1 sec.


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Using LCDswith PIC

2424CSE 3442/4442 Lecture 8

Dr. Roger Walker

S di D t t th LCDSending Data to the LCD

• Set RS=1S d hi h t l l t E t bl• Send high-to-low pulse to E to enable latching of the data

• Data sent is ASCII value of character to be displayed

2525CSE 3442/4442 Lecture 8

Dr. Roger Walker

PIC Interface

26CSE 3442/4442 Lecture 8 Dr. Roger Walker

4 – Bit Interface4 Bit Interface

Lines RD0-RD4 – NoNo Connection


Display ControlDisplay Control


Display Control TimingDisplay Control Timing


Intialize 4 Bit LCDIntialize 4 Bit LCD

• Insure Controller of LCD finished ownInsure Controller of LCD finished own power on reset wait 0.1 seconds

• Drive RS low and leave low for entire• Drive RS low and leave low for entire initialization.S d i iti li ti t i f 4 bit i t f• Send initialization string for 4 bit interface:

• const char LCDstr[] = 0x33,0x32,0x28,0x01,0x0c,0x06,0x00,0x00;// LCD Initialization string


Intialize 4 Bit LCD contIntialize 4 Bit LCD cont

PORTEbits.RE0 = 0; // RS 0 f d// RS=0 for command tempPtr = LCDstr; while (*tempPtr) // if the byte is not zero// if the byte is not zero currentChar = *tempPtr;PORTEbits.RE1 = 1; // Drive E pin high// Drive E pin high PORTD = currentChar;// Send upper nibble PORTEbits.RE1 = 0; ;// Drive E pin low so LCD will accept nibble LoopTime();


Intialize 4 Bit LCD cont

currentChar <<= 4;

Intialize 4 Bit LCD cont

currentChar 4; // Shift lower nibble to upper nibble PORTEbits.RE1 = 1; // Drive E pin high again PORTD = currentChar; // Write lower nibble PORTEbits.RE1 = 0; // Drive E pin low so LCD will process byte LoopTime(); // Wait 40 usec tempPtr++;tempPtr++; // Increment pointerto next character


For 8 Bit InterfaceFor 8 Bit Interface

• const char LCDstr[] = 0x38 0x38 0x38 0380x38,0x38,0x38,038, 0x01,0x0c,0x06,0x06,0x00;// LCD Initialization string for 8 bit interfaceInitialization string for 8 bit interface


Display StringsDisplay Strings

• Where should the display beginWhere should the display begin• What characters should be displayed.

• Use Figure 12-5 for 8x2 LCD on QwikFlash

• 0x80 0x81 0x82 ………0x87• 0xc0 0xc1 ……………..0xc7


What Characters to DisplayWhat Characters to Display

• For the Hitachi HD44780 compatible controller:For the Hitachi HD44780 compatible controller:1. Codes between 0x20 and 0x7f ASCII character

set2. Codes between 0xa0 and 0xff produce

Japanese charactersp3. Codes between 0x00 and 0x07 produce eight

user-defined characters. These are also available with codes between 0x08 and 0x0f.


“Embedded Design with the PIC18F452 MicrocontrollerPrentice Hall, 2003” Peatman


What Characters to DisplayWhat Characters to Display

• const char StrtStr[] = 0x80,'P','u','s','h',' ','P','B',' [] , , , , , , , ,',0;// Startup screen

• void Screens() • …………..• DisplayC(FreqStr); • Frequency(); // MAYBE TO DISPLAY A FREQ

VALUE•• ……………• const char FreqStr[] = 0x80,'F','r','e','q','

' 'k' 'H' 'z' 0;// Frequency instrument, k , H , z ,0;// Frequency instrument 37CSE 3442/4442 Lecture 8

Dr. Roger Walker

Initialization and Start Up Sequence for 4 bit 8x2 LCD (See o b t 8 C (See

Lab1_example_2.c

t h LCD t []• const char LCDstr[] = 0x33,0x32,0x28,0x01,0x0c,0x06,0x00,0x00;// LCD Initialization string g

• const char StrtStr[] = 0x80,'H','e','l','l','o',',',' ',' ',0;// Startup screen

• const char BYTE_1[] = 0xC0,'W','o','r','l','d','!',' ',' ',0;// Write "BYTE=" 1st line of LCD

• const char Clear1[] = 0x80 ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' 0;//• const char Clear1[] = 0x80, , , , , , , , ,0;// Clear line 1

• const char Clear2[] = 0xC0,' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',0;// [] , , , , , , , , , ;Clear line 2

User Defined CodesUser Defined Codes

“Embedded Design with the PIC18F452 MicrocontrollerPIC18F452 MicrocontrollerPrentice Hall, 2003” Peatman


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