THE UNIVERSETHE UNIVERSE

Science 1º ESO – Unit 1Science 1º ESO – Unit 1

I.E.S. “Luis de Góngora” (Córdoba); Dept. Biology and Geology I.E.S. “Luis de Góngora” (Córdoba); Dept. Biology and Geology

Bilingual Educational Project.Bilingual Educational Project.

WHAT IS THE UNIVERSE?WHAT IS THE UNIVERSE?

The answer is quite simple: The answer is quite simple: The universe The universe is the whole of everything that existsis the whole of everything that exists..

In the universe we can distinguish two In the universe we can distinguish two types of elements:types of elements: ““WHAT”? WHAT”? MatterMatter and and EnergyEnergy ““WHERE”? WHERE”? SpaceSpace and and TimeTime

CLUSTERS OF GALAXIESCLUSTERS OF GALAXIES

We live in a cluster of galaxies called We live in a cluster of galaxies called “LOCAL GROUP”“LOCAL GROUP”

GALAXIESGALAXIES

A GALAXY is made up of gas, dust, A GALAXY is made up of gas, dust, and hundreds of thousands of millions and hundreds of thousands of millions of starsof stars

TYPES OF GALAXIESTYPES OF GALAXIES

According to its shape, a galaxy can be…According to its shape, a galaxy can be…

ELLIPTICALELLIPTICALSPIRALSPIRALIRREGULARIRREGULAR

Elliptical galaxy M110Elliptical galaxy M110

Spiral galaxy M101Spiral galaxy M101

Irregular galaxy M82Irregular galaxy M82

This is our galaxy: The MILKY WAYThis is our galaxy: The MILKY WAY

STARS, STARS, STARS…STARS, STARS, STARS…A star isA star is a big ball of gas that emits its own a big ball of gas that emits its own

lightlight If you look at the skyIf you look at the sky, you can see hundreds , you can see hundreds

of bright spots: They are the starsof bright spots: They are the starsLook at them carefully!Look at them carefully! All of them seem to All of them seem to

be very similar, but two characteristics can be very similar, but two characteristics can be used to distinguish them:be used to distinguish them:

COLOURCOLOUR: : It depends on the surface’s It depends on the surface’s temperaturetemperature

BRIGHTNESSBRIGHTNESS: It depends on its : It depends on its distance and sizedistance and size

CONSTELLATIONSCONSTELLATIONS

A constellation isA constellation is a group of stars that , a group of stars that , when seen from Earth, seem to form a when seen from Earth, seem to form a picture in the night sky. picture in the night sky.

This constellation is called ORIONThis constellation is called ORION

THE SOLAR SYSTEMTHE SOLAR SYSTEM The solar system is the The solar system is the

whole of celestial bodies whole of celestial bodies that orbit around the that orbit around the sun:sun:

PlanetsPlanets:: Rocky planetsRocky planets: :

Mercury, Venus, Mercury, Venus, Earth, MarsEarth, Mars

Gaseous planetsGaseous planets: : Jupiter, Saturn, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, NeptuneUranus, Neptune

Dwarf planetsDwarf planets: Ceres, : Ceres, Pluto, ErisPluto, Eris

SatellitesSatellites, like the Moon, like the Moon AsteroidsAsteroids CometsComets

THE SOLAR SYSTEMTHE SOLAR SYSTEM

Asteroid Ida

A photo of the night sky. A photo of the night sky. If this place is on the southern hemisphere…If this place is on the southern hemisphere…

Why are stars seen as lines?Why are stars seen as lines?Which direction the west is in?Which direction the west is in?

Zooming 26 orders of magnutideZooming 26 orders of magnutide