The Universe

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The Universe 8.8A

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The Universe. 8.8A. The Universe. The universe is all space and everything in it. Components of the Universe. There are lots of parts of the universe: Stars Nebulae Black Holes Galaxies And so much more! . Stars. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Transcript of The Universe

Page 1: The Universe

The Universe

8.8A

Page 2: The Universe

The Universe

The universe is all space and everything in it

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Components of the Universe

• There are lots of parts of the universe:– Stars– Nebulae– Black Holes – Galaxies

And so much more!

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Stars• Stars are large balls of

gas that create their own energy by fusing hydrogen atoms to create helium– The energy created by

fusing hydrogen atoms emits light and heat

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Stars• Stars are all different

sizes and are made up of different elements

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Stars• Binary Star: Stars that

revolve around each other, they look like they are blinking

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Classifying Stars

• Stars are classified by three main characteristics: 1. Size2. Brightness (luminosity)3. Temperature

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Classifying Stars

Size• Our sun is a medium size star (letter G below)

• There are stars in the universe large enough to fill our solar system

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Classifying StarsTemperature• Temperature is determined by color– Blue: Hottest (20,000-50,000*C)– White (10,000*C)– Yellow (6,000*C)– Red-Orange (4,000-5,000*C)– Red: Least Hot (3,000*C)

Blue Red

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Classifying StarsBrightness• Brightness depends on the

size and temperature of a star

• Brightness of a star is described in two ways– Apparent Magnitude: Brightness

seen from earth– Absolute magnitude: Real

brightness of a star from a standard distance

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Hertz-Russell Diagram

• Nickname: H-R Diagram

• How does it help classify Stars?– Graphs the two most

important characteristics of stars: Absolute magnitude (brightness) and Temperature

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Hertz-Russell Diagram

• Main Sequence: 90 % of all stars, it is the diagonal band in the diagram

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Galaxy

• Galaxies are made up of millions of stars, gases, and dust

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Galaxy

• Galaxies are held together by gravity

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Galaxy

• There are 4 different types of galaxies that are classified by their shape. – Elliptical – Spiral– Lenticular– Irregular

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Draw these next to the pictures in your box (not in the giant white space that is for notes)

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Elliptical Galaxy

• Looks like a flattened ball

• Characteristics:– Contain billions of stars– Little gas and dust

between the stars – New stars rarely form,

mainly old stars in these galaxies

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Spiral Galaxy• Shaped like they have arms

spiraled outwards (pin wheel)• This is the type of galaxy we

live in

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Lenticular Galaxy

• Galaxy with a central bulge or bar in the middle

• It might also have small arms

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Irregular Galaxy

• No specific shape to the galaxy• Disorganized shape

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Black Holes

• Large objects that form dense gravity wells• Their gravitational pull is so strong, light

cannot escape it (hence why they are dark!)

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Black Holes

• How can we see black holes:– We can’t– We observe them

by looking at the light and energy being sucked in

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Black Holes

• Black holes have no volume, but infinite density!

• Videos: • http://

www.youtube.com/watch?v=3pAnRKD4raY – Pre AP

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kfiU4ioZvPI