The United States in World War II 1941-1945

The United States inThe United States inWorld War IIWorld War II

1941-19451941-1945

PowerPoint by Mr. HatawayCreated February 1, 2004

Revised February 7, 2007

Revision #2 January 15, 2013

BellringerBellringer• Who was Kilroy?Who was Kilroy?• Legend starts with James J. Kilroy, a Legend starts with James J. Kilroy, a

shipyard inspector during WWII. He shipyard inspector during WWII. He chalked the words on bulkheads to chalked the words on bulkheads to show that he had been there and show that he had been there and inspected the riveting in the newly inspected the riveting in the newly constructed ship. To the troops in constructed ship. To the troops in those ships, however, it was a complete those ships, however, it was a complete mystery — all they knew for sure was mystery — all they knew for sure was that he had "been there first."that he had "been there first."

• As a joke, they began placing the graffiti wherever they (the US As a joke, they began placing the graffiti wherever they (the US forces) landed or went, claiming it was already there when they forces) landed or went, claiming it was already there when they arrived. Kilroy became the US super-GI who always got there first arrived. Kilroy became the US super-GI who always got there first — wherever GI's went. — wherever GI's went.

http://www.kilroywashere.org/001-Pages/01-0KilroyLegends.html

Cornell Notes: Three QuestionsCornell Notes: Three QuestionsToday, I will learn . . .Today, I will learn . . .The War in the Pacific Theater; Island The War in the Pacific Theater; Island

HoppingHopping..

I will learn it by . . .I will learn it by . . .Take notes using Take notes using Cornell Notes StrategyCornell Notes Strategy; ;

listening skills, write questions in side listening skills, write questions in side margins, summarize notes.margins, summarize notes.

I have learned it when I can . . .I have learned it when I can . . .Create a database of World War II battlesCreate a database of World War II battles..

Essential QuestionEssential Question

What strategies did the Allies / What strategies did the Allies / Americans use to win the war in Americans use to win the war in the Pacific?the Pacific?

The United States in World War IIThe United States in World War II

THE PACIFIC THEATERTHE PACIFIC THEATER

The Pacific TheaterThe Pacific TheaterDefeating Germany first had NOT meant Defeating Germany first had NOT meant abandoning the Pacific to Japan. While abandoning the Pacific to Japan. While armies were being trained and materials armies were being trained and materials accumulated for the European struggle, accumulated for the European struggle, Americans kept an “active defense” against Americans kept an “active defense” against further Japanese expansion. The main goal further Japanese expansion. The main goal of the “active defense” was to hold Hawaii of the “active defense” was to hold Hawaii and Samoa and keep vital shipping lines and Samoa and keep vital shipping lines open from the U.S. to Australia.open from the U.S. to Australia.

FYI

FYI

FYI

FYI

Stemming the Japanese TideStemming the Japanese Tide

• Halting Japanese AdvancesHalting Japanese Advances““Doolittle Raid” bombing of Tokyo, April 1942Doolittle Raid” bombing of Tokyo, April 1942

http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/events/wwii-pac/misc-42/dooltl.htm


http://64.70.201.125/wings/part2/01_doolittle.html


• Halting Japanese AdvancesHalting Japanese Advances• Battle of Coral Sea (4–8 May 1942), Battle of Coral Sea (4–8 May 1942), • Battle of Midway (4-7 May 1942)Battle of Midway (4-7 May 1942)

• Admiral Yamamoto force showdown at Admiral Yamamoto force showdown at Midway IslandMidway Island

• Battle marked turning point in Pacific warBattle marked turning point in Pacific war..

• Americans sent 4 large Japanese aircraft Americans sent 4 large Japanese aircraft carriers to the bottom of the ocean.carriers to the bottom of the ocean.

• Guadalcanal (Aug. 1942-Feb. 1943Guadalcanal (Aug. 1942-Feb. 1943))

Allies on the OffensiveAllies on the Offensive

• Two Roads to TokyoTwo Roads to Tokyo• Adm. Nimitz led Adm. Nimitz led

Marines from Marines from Micronesia to Okinawa Micronesia to Okinawa (June 1945)(June 1945)

• Gen. MacArthur led Gen. MacArthur led army back to the army back to the Philippines from New Philippines from New GuineaGuinea (Feb. 1945) (Feb. 1945)

Allies on the OffensiveAllies on the Offensive

• Battle StrategiesBattle Strategies• Leapfrogging (or Island Hopping); taking Leapfrogging (or Island Hopping); taking

every third island as a baseevery third island as a base

James F. LowellJames F. Lowell

James F. Lowell (1941)James F. Lowell (1941)

James Lowell, grandfather James Lowell, grandfather of La Vega High teacher Mr. of La Vega High teacher Mr. Dennis Hataway.Dennis Hataway.

Served in World War II Served in World War II from October 1941 until from October 1941 until January 3, 1946January 3, 1946

James F. LowellJames F. LowellDied July 20, 2008Died July 20, 2008


East Coast 7East Coast 7thth AAA AAA Automatic Weapons Automatic Weapons BattalionBattalionBroke nose when 50 Broke nose when 50 caliber machine gun caliber machine gun misfired.misfired.Transported Transported equipment from equipment from depots on the east depots on the east coast to west coast.coast to west coast.

Company Lowell served in when he first enlisted. 77th out of New York


From 1943 thru 1945, From 1943 thru 1945, served under command served under command of General MacArthurof General MacArthur

Participated in the Island Participated in the Island Hopping Campaign.Hopping Campaign.

Fought on the Island of Fought on the Island of Guam, Philippines, Guam, Philippines, Iwo Jima, and Okinawa.Iwo Jima, and Okinawa.

James F. Lowell (1942)James F. Lowell (1942)

Grandfather of Mr. HatawayGrandfather of Mr. Hataway

Allies on the OffensiveAllies on the Offensive• Japanese perimeter collapses (1943-45)Japanese perimeter collapses (1943-45)

• Battle of Leyte Gulf (Oct. 23-26, 1944)Battle of Leyte Gulf (Oct. 23-26, 1944)• near the Philippinesnear the Philippines

• largest naval battle in historylargest naval battle in history

• first time the Japanese used kamikaze attacks.first time the Japanese used kamikaze attacks.

• General MacArthur retakes the General MacArthur retakes the Philippines: “I have returned”Philippines: “I have returned”

Allies on the OffensiveAllies on the Offensive• Japanese perimeter collapses (1943-45)Japanese perimeter collapses (1943-45)

• Battles of Iwo Jima(Feb. – Mar. 1945) and Battles of Iwo Jima(Feb. – Mar. 1945) and Okinawa (Apr. – Jun. 1945) won air bases Okinawa (Apr. – Jun. 1945) won air bases close to Japanclose to Japan; costing 6,800 and 12,000 ; costing 6,800 and 12,000 American soldiers lives respectively.American soldiers lives respectively.

• Tokyo fire bombedTokyo fire bombed; 80,000 civilians killed.; 80,000 civilians killed.

Bellringer/Quickwrite 1/18/13

• Should nuclear weapons ever Should nuclear weapons ever be used? Why or why not?be used? Why or why not?

Cornell Notes: Three QuestionsCornell Notes: Three Questions

Today, I will learn . . .Today, I will learn . . .Decision to drop the atomic bombDecision to drop the atomic bomb..

I will learn it by . . .I will learn it by . . .Take notes using Take notes using Cornell Notes Cornell Notes

StrategyStrategy; listening skills, write ; listening skills, write questions in side margins, summarize questions in side margins, summarize notes.notes.

I have learned it when I can . . .I have learned it when I can . . .Write a story about survival after an Write a story about survival after an

atomic bomb dropsatomic bomb drops..

Essential QuestionEssential Question

Why did President Truman Why did President Truman decide to drop the atomic bomb decide to drop the atomic bomb on Japan instead of a full scale on Japan instead of a full scale invasion?invasion?

The New WeaponThe New Weapon

• Manhattan ProjectManhattan Project• Los Alamos, NMLos Alamos, NM• Military: Gen. Leslie R. Military: Gen. Leslie R.

Groves.Groves.• Scientists: Albert Einstein, Scientists: Albert Einstein,

Enrico Fermi, and Robert Enrico Fermi, and Robert OppenheimerOppenheimer General Leslie R. Groves (left)

and Dr. J. Robert Oppenhiemer

The New WeaponThe New Weapon

• Manhattan ProjectManhattan Project• Bomb tested July 16, 1945 Bomb tested July 16, 1945 • White Sands, New MexicoWhite Sands, New Mexico

• Robert Oppenheimer, though Robert Oppenheimer, though delighted about the success, delighted about the success, quoted the Bhagavad Gita. "I am quoted the Bhagavad Gita. "I am become Death, the destroyer of become Death, the destroyer of worlds.”worlds.”

• Ken Bainbridge, the test director, Ken Bainbridge, the test director, told Oppenheimer, "Now we're all told Oppenheimer, "Now we're all sons of bitches."sons of bitches."

Decision to Drop The BombDecision to Drop The Bomb

• President Franklin President Franklin D. Roosevelt died D. Roosevelt died April 12, 1945 April 12, 1945 beginning of 4beginning of 4thth termterm

This is a picture of Franklin D. Roosevelt taken on April 11, 1945 — one day before he died.


• Harry S. Truman, Harry S. Truman, new new V.P., V.P., now Pres.now Pres.• Advisers warn that an Advisers warn that an

invasion of Japan will invasion of Japan will cost millions of cost millions of American livesAmerican lives..

• After the development After the development of the atomic bomb, of the atomic bomb, issued Japan an issued Japan an ultimatum to ultimatum to surrender surrender unconditionally.unconditionally.

President Harry S. Truman, April 1945. Photo by Chase-Statler. Public domain.


• Potsdam ConferencePotsdam Conference• Jul 28 -Aug 1, 1945)Jul 28 -Aug 1, 1945)• Truman hints to Truman hints to

Stalin we have a Stalin we have a new, devastating new, devastating weaponweapon

Dropping the Atomic BombDropping the Atomic Bomb

• On 6 August 1945, the Enola Gay, a B-29 Superfortress, dropped the atomic bomb, code-named "Little Boy", targeted at the city of Hiroshima, Japan.


Hiroshima, Japan


• Hiroshima (Aug. 6, 1945)Hiroshima (Aug. 6, 1945)

• Nagasaki (Aug. 9, 1945)Nagasaki (Aug. 9, 1945)

• Soviet Union declares war on Soviet Union declares war on Japan same dayJapan same day

Japan SurrendersJapan Surrenders

• V-J Day (August 14, 1945)V-J Day (August 14, 1945)• American occupation under General American occupation under General

Douglas MacArthurDouglas MacArthur• End divinity of the emperorEnd divinity of the emperor

Chart 5-5

Chart 5-6

Creation of the United NationsCreation of the United Nations

• A series of meetings between the “Big Three,” Churchill, Stalin, and Roosevelt where they agreed to the formation of the “United Nations” as one of the first crucial post-war actions.

Creation of the United NationsCreation of the United Nations

• The United Nations was convened in San Francisco in June. Fifty-one countries signed the UN Charter as founding members on 26 June, 1945.

• Headquarters located in New York City. Official Languages are Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, and Spanish.

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