The United States and The United States and Latin AmericaLatin America

Chapter 20 Section 3Chapter 20 Section 3

Linking the OceansLinking the Oceans

• Why?Why?– Shorter route for shipsShorter route for ships– Link Atlantic and Pacific OceansLink Atlantic and Pacific Oceans

• Who?Who?– Teddy RooseveltTeddy Roosevelt

• Effect?Effect?– Improve global shippingImprove global shipping– Defend overseas empireDefend overseas empire

• Where?Where?– Isthmus of Panama Isthmus of Panama

• Province of ColombiaProvince of Colombia– 50 miles wide50 miles wide

Think about it: Why would this canal be expected to improve shipping and defense?

Negotiating with ColombiaNegotiating with Colombia

• Roosevelt’s OfferRoosevelt’s Offer– $10 mill cash $10 mill cash – $250,000/year rent$250,000/year rent

• Colombians OpposeColombians Oppose– Would give US controlWould give US control– Isthmus worth more $Isthmus worth more $

• Colombian ResponseColombian Response– Hold out for more $Hold out for more $ Think about it: Do you think

Colombia was right in opposing Rosoevelt’s offer?

Roosevelt’s Plan: Revolt Roosevelt’s Plan: Revolt

• Panama peoplePanama people– Dislike Colombian ruleDislike Colombian rule

• Roosevelt’s actionRoosevelt’s action– Promise help for independencePromise help for independence– Send gun boatsSend gun boats– Support rebels’ revoltSupport rebels’ revolt– Recognize Panama independenceRecognize Panama independence

• ResultResult– Criticize “gun boat diplomacy”Criticize “gun boat diplomacy”– Treaty gives U.S. control of Isthmus Treaty gives U.S. control of Isthmus

Think about it: Did Roosevelt do the right thing in helping Panama gain its independence so that the U.S. could gain control of the isthmus?

Building the CanalBuilding the Canal

• 3 tasks: 3 tasks: – Cut through mountainCut through mountain

•Gaillard CutGaillard Cut

– Dam a riverDam a river– Erect locksErect locks

Building the CanalBuilding the Canal

• 2 obstacles: disease and Gaillard Cut2 obstacles: disease and Gaillard Cut• DiseaseDisease

– Malaria and yellow feverMalaria and yellow fever

• Discovery: Discovery: – mosquitoes cause diseasesmosquitoes cause diseases

• Strategy: Strategy: – clear brush/drain swamps where mosquitos livedclear brush/drain swamps where mosquitos lived

• Result: Result: – Successful controlSuccessful control

Think about it: Do these diseases exist today? Where? How are they controlled?

Building the CanalBuilding the Canal

• 2 obstacles: Disease and Gaillard Cut2 obstacles: Disease and Gaillard Cut

• Gaillard CutGaillard Cut– 9-mile ditch through mountains9-mile ditch through mountains

• ProblemsProblems– Sun, rains, mudslidesSun, rains, mudslides

• ResultsResults– Many workers dieMany workers die

Think about it: Would you expect the same amount of workers to die today if doingThe same job? Why or why not?

U.S. Foreign Policy - U.S. Foreign Policy - RooseveltRoosevelt• Big Stick/Gun boat diplomacyBig Stick/Gun boat diplomacy

– If diplomacy fails, use military forceIf diplomacy fails, use military force

• U.S. is leader in WestU.S. is leader in West– Prevent power of other nationsPrevent power of other nations

• Roosevelt Corollary to Monroe Roosevelt Corollary to Monroe DoctrineDoctrine– U.S. won’t allow European interference in U.S. won’t allow European interference in

Latin AmericaLatin America

• Ex: Dominican RepublicEx: Dominican RepublicThink about it: What might be prositive and negative consequences of this typeOf foreign policy?

U.S. Foreign Policy - TaftU.S. Foreign Policy - Taft

• Dollar DiplomacyDollar Diplomacy

• U.S. influence through economyU.S. influence through economy

• Urge investment in Latin AmericaUrge investment in Latin America

• Led to as many interventions as “big Led to as many interventions as “big stick”stick”

• Ex: NicaraguaEx: NicaraguaThink about it: What might be positive and negative consequences of this foreign policy?

U.S. Foreign Policy - WilsonU.S. Foreign Policy - Wilson

• Moral diplomacy/watchful waitingMoral diplomacy/watchful waiting

• Support and nurture democracy in Support and nurture democracy in the worldthe world

• Ex: MexicoEx: Mexico

Think about it: What might be positive and negative consequences of thisForeign policy?

Going Back…Going Back…

• Why was a canal linking the Pacific and Why was a canal linking the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans believed to be necessary Atlantic Oceans believed to be necessary for the U.S.?for the U.S.?

• How did the U.S. eventually acquire the How did the U.S. eventually acquire the Panama Canal?Panama Canal?

• What 2 major obstacles arose during the What 2 major obstacles arose during the building of the canal?building of the canal?

• Choose 1 president and describe his Choose 1 president and describe his foreign policy.foreign policy.

Think About It….Think About It….

• Which president do you think had the Which president do you think had the best idea for foreign policy? Explain best idea for foreign policy? Explain why you think so by describing the why you think so by describing the positive aspects of the policy and positive aspects of the policy and contrasting it with the negative contrasting it with the negative aspects of the policies of the other 2 aspects of the policies of the other 2 presidents.presidents.