THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA MINISTRY OF EDUCATION …tie.go.tz/uploads/files/Chemistryh Subject...
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THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND VOCATIONAL TRAINING CHEMISTRY SYLLABUS FOR ADVANCED SECONDARY EDUCATION FORM V - VI
Transcript of THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA MINISTRY OF EDUCATION …tie.go.tz/uploads/files/Chemistryh Subject...
THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND VOCATIONAL TRAINING
CHEMISTRY SYLLABUS FOR ADVANCED SECONDARY EDUCATION
FORM V - VI
ii
©Ministry of Education and Vocational Training, First Print: 2009Second Print: 2010Third Print: 2016
ISBN:978-9976-61-277-6
Designed and prepared by
Tanzania Institute of EducationP.O. Box 35094Dar es SalaamTanzania
Tel:+255222773005Fax:+255222774420Email: [email protected]: www.tie.go.tz
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, reported, stored in retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the permission of the copyright owner.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Pages1.0 Introduction ....................................................................... iv
2.0 Objective of Education in Tanzania.................................... v
3.0 Aims and Objectives of Secondary Education................... vi
4.0 General Compences for the Subject ................................. vi
5.0 General Objectives for the Subject..................................... vii
6.0 Organization of the Syllabus.............................................. vii
7.0 Instructional Time .............................................................. ix
8.0 Assesment for the subject .................................................. x
Fom V ................................................................................ 1
Form VI ............................................................................. 45
iii
iv
1.0 INTRODUCTION1.1 Background Information
The A-level Chemistry syllabus for Tanzania was last reviewed in 1996. It has taken twelve years for the next review done in 2008.The 2008 review has been done in the context of serious global and local changes and challenges such as ICT developments and cross-cutting issues.The present review has been done according to the requirements of the contemporary curriculum paradigm shift, where the student is placed at the centre of the teaching-learning process. Student learning is supposed to be activity oriented and cooperative in nature.The present A-level Chemistry curriculum review is based on the country-wide monitoring research which was done in 2007 on the implementation of the A-level curriculum. This review study was followed by a meeting of A-level stake holders, who contributed important ideas and recommendations which has guided the review process. Their comments have been taken on board.The world in the last ten years has changed very much technologically and socially. The present review has put enough emphasis on the development in the learners skills and competences needed in every day life.This syllabus has treated quite well the Environmental and Soil Chemistry.
1.2 Brief Description of the SubjectChemistry is studied as a principal subject. The content has been carefully selected and organised so as to promote interest and motivation throughout the course. The topics fall under 5 (five) blocks, namely General Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Environmental Chemistry and Organic Chemistry.
1.3 Rationale for Review of the Chemistry Subject SyllabusThe monitoring research which was done in 2007 to pave the way for the syllabus review identified the following gaps in the chemistry syllabus of 1996: • The syllabus was knowledge - based and not learner - centred; • It was not geared towards constructivism;
• It was missing important content areas such as soil chemistry, cross - cutting
v
issues, environmental and soil chemistry, as well as qualitative analysis.In designing this syllabus, due consideration has been made for it to be learner centred, activity oriented and the cross-cutting issues have been integrated.The sub-topics removed were Cyclic hydrocarbons and Amides. However, radioactivity was shifted to Physics. Extraction of metals, Environmental Chemistry, Soil Chemistry and Qualitative Analysis have been added. More over, teaching/learning strategies, assessment and number of periods per sub-topic have been included in the syllabus.
2.0 OBJECTIVE OF EDUCATION IN TANZANIAThe general aims of education in Tanzania are to:a) guide and promote the development and improvement of the personalities
of the citizens of Tanzania, their human resources and effective utilization of their resources in bringing about individual and national development;
b) promote the acquisition and appreciation of culture, customs and traditions of the people of Tanzania;
c) promote the acquisition and appropriate use of literary, social, scientific, vocational, technological, professional and other forms of knowledge, skills and understanding for the development and improvement of man and society;
d) develop and promote self-confidence and an inquiry mind, an understanding and respect for human dignity and human rights and a readiness to work hard for personal self advancement and national improvement;
e) enable and expand the scope of acquisition, improvement and upgrading of mental, practical productive and other life skills needed to meet the changing needs of industry and the economy;
f) enable every citizen to understand the fundamentals of the national constitution as well as the enshrined human and civic rights, obligation and responsibilities;
g) promote the love for work, self and wage employment and to improve performance in the production and service sectors;
h) inculcate principles of national ethics and integrity, national and
vi
international cooperation, peace and justice through the study, understanding and adherence to the provision of the National Constitution and International basic charters and
i) enable a rational use, management and conservation of our environment.
3.0 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF SECONDARY EDUCATIONThe general aims and objectives of education in Tanzania are to:a) consolidate and broaden the scope of baseline ideas, knowledge, skills
and principles acquired and developed at primary education levels;b) enhance further development and appreciation of national unity, identity
and ethnic personal integrity, respect for and readiness to work, human rights, cultural and moral values, customs, traditions and civic responsibilities and obligations;
c) promote the development of competency in linguistic ability and effective use of communication skills in Kiswahili and at least one foreign languages;
d) promote opportunities for the acquisition of knowledge, skills, attitudes and understanding in prescribed or selected fields of study;
e) prepare students to tertiary and higher education; vocational, technical and professional training;
f) inculcate a sense and ability for self-study, self-reliance and self-advancement in new frontiers of science and technology, academic and occupational knowledge and skills and
g) prepare the student to join the world of work.
4.0 GENERAL COMPETENCES FOR THE SUBJECT A-level students who study Chemistry as a principal subject should strive to develop the ability to:a) communicate well using chemical symbols, formulae and equations as well
as the language of instruction;b) use mathematical principles to understand the processes of qualitative and
quantitative chemical reactions;c) use knowledge and skills to solve social and environmental problems
related to Chemistry;
vii
d) learn Chemistry knowledge and skills from a variety of sources;e) use knowledge and skills of Chemistry to address the problems of drug
and substance abuse, as well as environmental destruction andf) use principles of science and technology in the teaching and learning of
Chemistry, and in solving Chemistry problems in the society.
5.0 GENERAL OBJECTIVE FOR THE SUBJECT
By the end of the A–Level Chemistry course, the learners should be able to; a) use language and symbols to communicate chemical information;b) apply mathematical skills to analyse and interpret chemical phenomena;c) apply knowledge and skills of Chemistry for proper environment
conservation;d) cultivate an understanding and appreciation of the role and importance of
Chemistry in everyday life;e) explain how to combat the social predicament of substance abuse;f) develop fundamental concepts, principles and skills in Chemistry to
solve problems in the society andg) to prepare themselves for further studies in Chemistry and related fields.
6.0 ORGANIZATION OF THE SYLLABUSThis syllabus has a slightly different structure and organization compared to the 1997 syllabus. The current syllabus has six (6) columns, namely topic/subtopic, specific objectives, teaching and learning strategies, teaching and learning resources assessment and number of periods. In addition the following changes were incorporated for improvement:a) General competences for the whole course. b) Competences for forms V and VI.c) Suggested areas of assessment. d) Number of periods per sub-topic. e) Assessment for the subject.
6.1 Class Level CompetencesCompetences are the skills, knowledge and attitudes attained by the learners after a learning process. Competences have been stated for each of the class levels of the Chemistry course, i.e. Form V and VI. It is upon the class level
viii
competences that the class level objectives were developed.
6.2 Class Level ObjectivesThe general objectives for formV and for form VI have been stated so as to indicate the scope of coverage within each level.
6.3 The Content Matrics The Content Matrics for this syllabus has the following columns:
• Topic/sub-topic • Specific instructional objectives • Teaching/Learning Strategies • Teaching/Learning Resources • Assessment • Number of Periods
6.3.1 Topic/sub-topics
Topics
The topics in this syllabus have been derived from the class level competences and objectives. Most of the topics in the 1996 A-level Chemistry syllabus have been retained. Some sub-topics have been left out in order to cut the syllabus short. However, some topics of major interest have been introduced, these include: • Soil Chemistry • Environmental Chemistry (CCI) • Analytical Chemistry
Sub-topics
Topics have been divided into sub-topics. Each sub-topic comprises of a portion of the content of the topic in question.The sub-topics have also been arranged to attain a logical or der which facilitates transfer of learning.
6.3.2 Specific objectivesThere are specific objectives for each sub-topic. These are the expected outcomes of classroom instruction. They also reflect the process involved to attain the competences expected. The objectives are meant to cover the whole range of learning domains; i.e cognitive, psychomotor and affective.
ix
6.3.3 Teaching/learning strategiesThe column of Teaching/Learning Strategies suggest that in the Teaching/Learning process, both the teacher and the students must be involved in activities. Students are encouraged to work in small groups for maximum participatory and co-operative learning. The teacher is supposed to help and facilitate students’ learning activities. The whole syllabus encourages interactive and participatory Teaching/Learning. However, the Teaching/Learning strategies suggested in this syllabus are not exhaustive.The teacher and students may decide to use any other Teaching/Learning strategies which suit the Teaching/Learning environment and the availableTeaching/Learning resources to teach a particular topic.
6.3.4 Teaching/learning resourcesIn the teaching of A-level Chemistry a variety of Teaching/Learning resources of different nature, quality and quantity will be needed. Incase the commercial Teaching/Learning resources are not available in their environment, the teacher together with students are expected to collect or improvise alternative resources available in their environment.
6.3.5 AssessmentFor every specific instructional objective, there is a suggested question or area for assessment. Formative and summative assessment should be geared towards mastering all the competences and skills developed within the course. Teachers should use assessment tools to assess student’s ability by the end of the lesson. Examples of these tools are: Tests, quizes, assignments, exercises, project work, experimental work and portifolios.
6.3.6 Number of periodsEach sub-topic has been allocated a specific number of instructional periods. The teacher should ensure that the sub-topic is completed within the specified time. The longer and more difficult topics involving more practical sessions have been allocated more instructional periods.
7.0 INSTRUCTIONAL TIMEThe A-level Chemistry syllabus is meant to be covered in two years. The subject matter content has been apportioned to Form V and Form VI.
x
The topics in form V are meant to be a pre-requisite for those taught in FormVI.According to the Education Circular No. 9 of 2004, there are a total of 194 effective teaching days per year.The syllabus should be covered within those days. Two weeks have been reserved for mid-year and annual examinations in each year. Any lost instructional time must always be compensated for.
8.0 ASSESMENT FOR THE SUBJECTThe table in page ix shows the type of assessment, assessment measure and weight in percentage (%) to be covered at the end of the course. Teachers are strongly advised to apply wide selection of assessment measures in order to develop students’ ability form a stering the subject mater during the instructional process continuous assess mentcarry 50% and final examination conducted by the National Examination Council of Tanzania (NECTA) will carry 50%.
xi
Type
ofA
sses
smen
tA
sses
smen
t mea
sure
s
Freq
uenc
yW
eigh
t%
Tota
l%
From
VFo
rmV
I
Term
1Te
rm2
Term
1Te
rm 2
Con
tinuo
usA
sses
smen
t
1. P
ract
ical
test
55
510
2. T
ests
22
210
3. I
ndiv
idua
l ass
ignm
ent
11
15
4. R
esea
rch
Proj
ect
15
5. F
ield
Wor
k1
5
6. Te
rmin
al E
xam
inat
ion
11
11
1550
Fina
l Exa
m
Nat
iona
l Exa
min
atio
n1
5050
Tota
l Mar
ks10
0
xii
Tabl
e fo
r th
e D
istr
ibut
ion
of T
opic
for
Form
V a
nd V
I
Bra
nche
sTo
pics
Form
VFo
rm V
I
Gen
eral
Che
mis
try1.
The
Ato
mic
2. C
hem
ical
Bon
ding
Phys
ical
Che
mis
try1.
Gas
es2.
Rel
ativ
e m
olec
ular
mas
ses i
n so
lutio
n3.
Tw
o co
mpo
nent
s liq
uid
syst
em4.
Ene
rget
ics
1. C
hem
ical
equ
ilibr
ium
2. C
hem
ical
Kin
etic
s3.
Ele
ctro
chem
istry
4. A
cids
, Bas
es a
nd S
alts
5. S
olub
ility
, sol
ubili
ty p
rodu
ctio
n an
d io
nic
prod
uctio
n.
Inor
gani
c C
hem
istry
1. P
erio
dic
clas
sific
atio
n2.
Sel
ecte
d co
mpo
unds
of m
etal
s1.
Ext
ract
ion
of m
etal
s2.
Tra
nsiti
on e
lem
ents
Org
anic
Che
mis
try1.
Alip
hatic
hyd
roca
rbon
s2.
Aro
mat
ic h
ydro
carb
ons
3. H
alog
en d
eriv
ativ
es o
f hyd
roca
rbon
4. H
ydro
xyl c
ompo
unds
5. C
arbo
nyl c
ompo
und
6. C
arbo
xylic
aci
ds a
nd
deriv
ativ
es
1. A
min
es2.
Pol
ymer
s
Topi
cs A
dded
1. E
nviro
nmen
tal C
hem
istry
2. S
oil C
hem
istry
3. C
hem
ical
Ana
lysi
s
1
FORM V
General Competences
By the end of the Form V Chemistry course, students should have the ability to:1. communicate properly in Chemistry using symbols, formula and equations;2. use general periodic trends to predict the physical and chemical properties
of substances;3. use various glass ware and a wide range of instruments to carry out chemical
analysis;4. apply chemical methods and design possible approaches to solve
environmental problems.
General ObjectivesBy the end of the Form V Chemistry course, students should be able to:
a) communicate well in Chemistry using symbols, formulae and equations;b) carry out scientific measurements accurately to at least two decimal places;c) perform quantitative and qualitative analysis experiments and analyse their
results;d) use Chemistry knowledge, principles and skills to solve daily problems;e) analyse the chemical and physical nature and properties of matter.
2
TOPI
CS/ S
UB T
OPIC
SSP
ECIF
IC O
BJEC
TIVE
STE
ACHI
NG A
ND L
EARN
ING
STRA
TEGI
ESTE
ACHI
NG A
ND
LEAR
NING
RES
OURC
ESAS
SESS
MEN
TES
TIM
ATED
NU
MBE
R OF
PE
RIOD
S1.0
THE
ATOM
1.1 D
alton
’s At
omic
Theo
ry
By th
e end
of th
is su
b- top
ic the
stud
ent s
hould
be ab
le to: a)
expla
in the
Dalt
on’s
Atom
ic Th
eory;
i) Stu
dents
to di
scuss
main
point
s of t
he D
alton
’s At
omic
Theo
ry.ii)
Stud
ents
to pe
rform
ex
perim
ents
to pra
ctice
su
bdivi
ding a
solid
into
fine
powd
er an
d dilu
te a c
oloure
d so
lution
to co
lourle
ss.
• W
all ch
art sh
owing
main
po
ints o
f Dalt
on’s
Atom
ic Th
eory
• Co
pper
(II)
Sulph
ate•
Chalk
• KM
nO4
• I 2 cr
ystal
s
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
ex
plain
the D
alton
’s At
omic
Theo
ry?
6
b) est
ablis
h evid
ence
for
the el
ectro
nic st
ructur
e of
the at
om;
Teac
her t
o guid
e stud
ents
to dis
cuss
the ev
idenc
e for
the
electr
onic
struc
ture o
f the
atom
as
sugg
ested
by T
homs
on,
Ruthe
rford
and B
ohr.
• M
odels
• Fo
otball
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
estab
lish e
viden
ce fo
r ele
ctron
ic str
uctur
e of t
he
atom?
c) de
scribe
the A
tomic
Mod
els;
Stud
ents
to dra
w the
atom
ic mo
dels
of Ru
therfo
rd an
d Bo
hr an
d disc
uss t
heir
main
fea
tures.
Wall
chart
show
ing m
odels
of
Ruthe
rford
and B
ohr
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
descr
ibe th
e Atom
ic mo
dels?
d) ex
plain
the co
ncep
t of
isotop
y;St
uden
ts in
small
grou
ps to
dis
cuss
the C
once
pt of
isotop
y, an
d the
sign
ifica
nce o
f iso
topes
in rea
l life
situa
tions
.
Wall
chart
show
ing is
otope
sof
oxyg
en ch
lorine
, ma
gnesi
um.
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
expla
in the
conc
ept o
f iso
topy?
3
TOPI
CS/ S
UB T
OPIC
SSP
ECIF
IC O
BJEC
TIVE
STE
ACHI
NG A
ND L
EARN
ING
STRA
TEGI
ESTE
ACHI
NG A
ND
LEAR
NING
RES
OURC
ESAS
SESS
MEN
TES
TIM
ATED
NU
MBE
R OF
PE
RIOD
Se)
expla
in the
Ame
ndme
nts
of Da
ltons
Atom
ic Th
eory.
Teac
her t
o guid
e stud
ents
to dis
cuss
the A
mend
ments
of
Dalto
n’s A
tomic
Theo
ry as
a resu
lt of t
he di
scove
ry of
isotop
es.
Wall
chart
s sho
wing
am
endm
ents
of Da
ltons
At
omic
Theo
ry.
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
expla
in the
Ame
ndme
nts of
Da
lton’s
Atom
ic Th
eory?
1.2 B
ohr’s
Atom
ic Th
eory
By th
e end
of th
is su
b-top
icthe
stud
ent s
hould
be ab
le to: a)
descr
ibe en
ergy l
evels
an
d the
hydro
gen
spec
trum;
Stud
ents
to dis
cuss
how
the hy
droge
n Spe
ctrum
is
deve
loped
from
the e
lectro
n tra
nsiti
on be
twee
n ene
rgy
levels
. Spe
ctral
lines
formi
ng
the Ly
man,
Balm
er, Pa
schen
an
d Pfun
d seri
es sh
ould
be
discu
ssed.
Teac
her t
o rela
te the
spec
trum
of ele
ments
to
their
identi
ficati
on.
• Ch
arts s
howi
ng di
agram
s of
atomi
c spe
ctrum
• Ch
arts s
howi
ng en
ergy
level
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
descr
ibe en
ergy l
evels
an
d the
hydro
gen
spec
trum?
8b)
expla
in the
Atom
ic Th
eory
acco
rding
to
Bohr;
Teac
her t
o guid
e stud
ents
to dis
cuss
the A
tomicT
heory
ac
cordi
ng to
Boh
r.
Wall
chart
show
ing th
e sta
tiona
ry sta
tes an
d mo
veme
nt of
electr
ons.
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
Expla
in the
Atom
ic Th
eory
acco
rding
to B
ohr?
c) wo
rk ou
t the
chara
cteris
tics o
f atom
ic sp
ectru
m (en
ergy,
frequ
ency
, and
wav
e len
gth).
Teac
her t
o lea
d disc
ussio
ns
on th
e ene
rgy, f
reque
ncy a
nd
wave
leng
th of
the ra
diatio
ns
given
whe
n elec
tron f
all fr
om
n = 4
to n =
2, an
d from
n = 4
to
n = 1.
Wall
chart
show
ing th
e en
ergy l
evels
of hy
droge
n ato
m fro
m Bo
hr mo
del.
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
work
out th
e cha
racter
istics
of ato
mic s
pectr
um?
4
TOPI
CS/ S
UB T
OPIC
SSP
ECIF
IC O
BJEC
TIVE
STE
ACHI
NG A
ND L
EARN
ING
STRA
TEGI
ESTE
ACHI
NG A
ND
LEAR
NING
RES
OURC
ESAS
SESS
MEN
TES
TIM
ATED
NU
MBE
R OF
PE
RIOD
S1.3
The
Atom
ic M
assBy
the e
nd of
this
sub-
topic
the st
uden
t sho
uld be
ab
le to:
a) ex
plain
the su
b- ato
mic
parti
cles;
Stud
ents
to dis
cuss
inpair
s the
chara
cteris
tics o
f eac
h ind
ividu
al su
b-atom
ic pa
rticle
s, na
mely
electr
on,
proton
and n
eutro
n.
Wall
chart
show
ing m
ass
spec
trome
ter.
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
ex
plain
the su
b-atom
icpa
rticle
s?
2b)
comp
are m
ass
numb
er wi
th ato
mic
numb
er;
Stud
ents
to co
mpare
mass
nu
mber
with
the at
omic
numb
er of
atoms
.
Wall
chart
show
ing m
ass
spec
trome
ter.
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
comp
are m
ass nu
mber
with
atomi
c num
ber?
c) de
scribe
mass
sp
ectro
scopy
.St
uden
ts to
draw
a diag
ram
of the
mass
spec
trome
ter,
and d
escrib
e how
it is
used
to
measu
re ato
mic m
ass.
Wall
chart
show
ing m
ass
spec
trome
terIs
the st
uden
t able
tode
scribe
mass
sp
ectro
scopy
?
1.4 T
he Q
uantu
m Th
eory
By th
e end
of th
is su
b-top
ic the
stud
ent s
hould
be
able
to:a)
descr
ibe th
e wav
e-pa
rticle
duali
ty of
the
electr
on;
Stud
ents
in sm
all gr
oups
to
discu
ss the
wav
e–pa
rticle
du
ality
of the
elec
tron.
Wall
chart
s sho
wing
for
mulae
whic
h rela
tes
an el
ectro
n as a
wav
e and
pa
rticle
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
descr
ibe th
e wav
e- pa
rticle
du
ality
of the
electr
on?
6
b) ex
plain
the qu
antum
nu
mbers
n, l,
m l and
m s;
Teac
her s
hould
lead
a dis
cussi
on on
the m
eanin
g an
d imp
licati
ons o
f the
n, l, m
l an
d ms
• Ch
arts s
howi
ng qu
antum
nu
mbers
• Pic
tures
show
ing qu
antum
nu
mbers
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
expla
in the
quan
tum
numb
ers n,
l, m l, a
nd m
s
5
TOPI
CS/ S
UB T
OPIC
SSP
ECIF
IC O
BJEC
TIVE
STE
ACHI
NG A
ND L
EARN
ING
STRA
TEGI
ESTE
ACHI
NG A
ND
LEAR
NING
RES
OURC
ESAS
SESS
MEN
TES
TIM
ATED
NU
MBE
R OF
PE
RIOD
Sc)
descr
ibe at
omic
or bit
als
s, p,
d and
f;St
uden
ts to
draw
the sh
apes
of the
s, p,
and d
atomi
c orbi
tals.
Wall
chart
show
ing di
fferen
t sh
apes
of or
bitals
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
de
scribe
atom
ic orb
itals
s,p, d
andf.
d) ex
plain
Hund
’srule
, Au
fbau’s
princ
iple
and P
auli’
sexclu
sion
Princ
iple.
i) Te
ache
r to g
uide s
tuden
ts to
discu
ss the
impli
catio
ns
of the
Hun
d’s ru
le, A
ufbau
pri
ncipl
e and
Pauli
’s Ex
clusio
n prin
ciple.
ii) St
uden
ts to
write
the
electr
onic
confi
gurat
ions o
f ele
ments
using
the s
, p, d
an
d f or
bitals
.
Wall
chart
s sho
wing
how
electr
ons a
re fil
led in
dif
feren
t ene
rgy le
vels.
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
ex
plain
Hund
’s rul
e, Au
fbau’s
princ
iple
sand P
auli’
s Exc
lusion
pri
ncipl
e?
2.0 C
HEM
ICAL
BO
NDIN
G
2.1 T
ypes
of Bo
nds
By th
e end
of th
is su
b- top
ic the
stud
ent s
hould
be
able
to:a)
diffe
rentia
te the
ch
aracte
ristic
s of
electr
ovale
nt an
d co
valen
t bon
ding;
Stud
ents
to bra
in sto
rm
the di
fferen
ces i
n the
ch
aracte
ristic
s of t
he co
valen
t an
d elec
trova
lent b
onds
.
• At
omic
mode
ls•
Diag
rams s
howi
ng
cova
lent a
nd el
ectro
valen
t bo
nds.
Is the
stud
ent a
ble
to dif
feren
tiate
the
chara
cteris
tics o
f ele
ctrov
alent
and c
ovale
nt bo
nding
?
6
b) de
scribe
dativ
e bo
nding
;St
uden
ts to
discu
ss the
av
ailab
ility
of the
lone
pair
of ele
ctron
s to e
lectro
phile
in
dativ
e bon
ding.
Diag
rams s
howi
ng da
tive
bond
.Is
the st
uden
t able
to
descr
ibe da
tive b
ondin
g?
6
TOPI
CS/ S
UB T
OPIC
SSP
ECIF
IC O
BJEC
TIVE
STE
ACHI
NG A
ND L
EARN
ING
STRA
TEGI
ESTE
ACHI
NG A
ND
LEAR
NING
RES
OURC
ESAS
SESS
MEN
TES
TIM
ATED
NU
MBE
R OF
PE
RIOD
Sc)
expla
in the
mea
ning a
nd
signifi
canc
e of h
ydrog
en
bond
ing.
Teac
her s
hould
lead
stud
ents
to dis
cuss
the ef
fects
of hy
droge
n bo
nding
in th
e sha
pe of
ice.
Diag
rams s
howi
ng
hydro
gen b
ondin
gIs
the st
uden
t able
to ex
plain
the m
eanin
g and
sign
ifica
nce
of hy
droge
n bon
ding?
2.2 H
ybrid
izatio
n of
Atom
ic Or
bitals
By th
e end
of th
is su
b- top
ic the
stud
ent s
hould
be
able
to:a)
expla
in the
conc
ept o
f hy
bridiz
ation
of at
omic
orbita
ls.
Teac
her t
o lea
d stud
ents
to dis
cuss
the hy
bridiz
ation
of
atomi
c orbi
tals,
so as
to
estab
lish s
p3 , sp2 an
d sp h
ybrid
orb
itals
and e
xamp
les of
mo
lecule
s in w
hich t
hehy
brid b
onds
are f
ound
.
Diag
rams s
howi
ng
hybri
dizati
on of
atom
ic orb
itals
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
ex
plain
the co
ncep
t of
hybri
dizati
on of
atom
ic orb
itals?
6
b) de
scribe
the s
hape
s of
sp3 , s
p2 and s
p hyb
rid
orbita
ls;
Stud
ents
to dra
w an
d desc
ribe
the sh
apes
of sp
3 , sp2 an
d sp
hybri
d orbi
tals.
• Di
agram
s sho
wing
shap
es of
hybri
dized
orbit
al •
Mod
els
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
descr
ibe th
e sha
pes o
f sp3 ,
sp2 an
d sp h
ybrid
orbit
als?
c) ex
plain
the ov
erlap
ping
of hy
brid o
rbital
s to
form
molec
ular
orbita
ls.
i) Stu
dents
draw
and u
se mo
dels
to de
mons
trate
the ov
erlap
ping
of hy
brid o
rbital
s to f
orm
molec
ular o
rbital
s.•
Sigma
bond
from
sp3 – s
p3 ov
erlap
ping
• Sig
ma an
d pie
bond
s from
sp
2 – sp2 ov
erlap
ping
• Sig
ma an
d Pie
bond
s fro
m sp
– sp
side
way
ov
erlap
ping
• W
all ch
arts s
howi
ng ov
er lap
ping o
f sp3 – s
p3 , sp2 –
sp2 an
d sp –
sp.
• M
odels
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
ex
plain
the ov
erlap
ping
of by
brid o
rbital
s to f
orm
molec
ular o
rbital
s?
7
TOPI
CS/ S
UB T
OPIC
SSP
ECIF
IC O
BJEC
TIVE
STE
ACHI
NG A
ND L
EARN
ING
STRA
TEGI
ESTE
ACHI
NG A
ND
LEAR
NING
RES
OURC
ESAS
SESS
MEN
TES
TIM
ATED
NU
MBE
R OF
PE
RIOD
Sii)
Teac
her t
o guid
e stud
ents
to dis
cuss
the re
lative
stren
gths
of mo
lecula
r bon
ds fr
om
the ty
pe of
overl
appin
g inv
olved
.3.0
GAS
ES
3.1 T
he G
as La
ws
By th
e end
of th
is su
b- top
ic the
stud
ent s
hould
be
able
to:a)
descr
ibe th
e gas
laws;
i) Te
ache
r to g
uide s
tuden
ts to
discu
ss Bo
yle’sl
aw an
d Ch
arles’
lawii)
Stud
ents
to de
rive
mathe
matic
al eq
uatio
ns of
• Bo
yle’sl
aw•
Charl
es’law
• Ge
neral
Gas
Equa
tion
Wall
chart
s sho
wing
the
appa
ratus
used
to pr
ove t
he
laws.
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
descr
ibe th
e gas
laws?
6b)
use g
enera
l gas
equa
tion t
o cary
out
calcu
lation
s;
Stud
ents
to us
e gen
eral g
as eq
uatio
n and
ideal
gas e
quati
on
to car
ry ou
t calc
ulatio
ns ba
sed on
the
gas la
ws.
Textb
ooks
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
use g
enera
l gas
equa
tion t
o ca
ry ou
t calc
ulatio
ns?
c) de
scribe
the A
voga
dro’s
law, G
raham
’s law
and
Dalto
n’s la
w of
parti
al pre
ssure.
i) Te
ache
r to g
uide s
tuden
ts to
discu
ss Gr
aham
’s law
s an
d Dalt
on’s
law of
parti
al pre
ssure.
ii)
Stud
ents
to ca
rry ou
t ca
lculat
ions b
ased o
n the
law
s.
Textb
ooks
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
descr
ibe th
e Avo
gadro
’s law
, Grah
am’s
law an
d Da
lton’s
law
of pa
rtial
pressu
re?
8
TOPI
CS/ S
UB T
OPIC
SSP
ECIF
IC O
BJEC
TIVE
STE
ACHI
NG A
ND L
EARN
ING
STRA
TEGI
ESTE
ACHI
NG A
ND
LEAR
NING
RES
OURC
ESAS
SESS
MEN
TES
TIM
ATED
NU
MBE
R OF
PE
RIOD
S3.2
Kine
tic Th
eory
of Ga
sesBy
the e
nd of
this
sub-
topic
the st
uden
t sho
uld be
ab
le to:
a) de
scribe
the
chara
cteris
tics o
f a
gas a
s infl
uenc
ed by
pre
ssure,
volum
e, an
d tem
perat
ure ch
ange
s;
Teac
her t
o guid
e stud
ents
to dis
cuss
the be
havio
ur of
gases
as
influe
nced
by pr
essure
, vo
lume a
nd te
mpera
ture
chan
ges.
• W
all ch
arts a
nd
pictur
es•
Mod
els
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
descr
ibe th
e cha
racter
istics
of
gas a
s infl
uenc
ed by
pre
ssure,
volum
e and
tem
perat
ure
chan
ges.
6b)
expla
in the
Kine
tic
Theo
ry of
Gases
and
assum
ption
s lea
ding t
o the
fund
amen
tal K
inetic
Eq
uatio
n;
Teac
her t
o guid
e stud
ents
to ex
plain
Kine
tic T
heory
of
Gases
and t
he po
stulat
es sti
pulat
ed.
Wall
chart
show
ing cu
boid
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
expla
in the
Kine
tic T
heory
of
Gases
and a
ssump
tions
lea
ding t
he fu
ndam
ental
Ki
netic
Equ
ation
?
c) us
e the
fund
amen
tal
Kine
tic E
quati
on
to de
duce
the g
as law
s.
Stud
ents
in sm
all gr
oups
to
discu
ss ho
w to
use t
he
funda
menta
l kine
tic eq
uatio
n PV
=1/3 n
mu2
to de
duce
the
gas l
aws.
Textb
ooks
Is
the st
uden
t able
tous
e the
fund
amen
tal
Kine
tic E
quati
on to
dedu
ce
the ga
s law
s?
3.3 R
elativ
e Mole
cular
M
asses
and
Dens
ities o
f Gase
s
By th
e end
of th
is su
b-top
ic the
stud
ent s
hould
be
able
to:a)
descr
ibe m
olecu
lar
masse
s and
relat
ive
dens
ities o
f gase
s;
Teac
her t
o guid
e stud
ents
to dis
cuss
how
molec
ular m
asses
of ga
ses ar
e dete
rmine
d by
Duma
’s an
d Vict
or M
eyer’
s me
thods
.
Textb
ooks
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
descr
ibe m
olecu
lar m
asses
and d
ensit
ies of
gases
?4
9
TOPI
CS/ S
UB T
OPIC
SSP
ECIF
IC O
BJEC
TIVE
STE
ACHI
NG A
ND L
EARN
ING
STRA
TEGI
ESTE
ACHI
NG A
ND
LEAR
NING
RES
OURC
ESAS
SESS
MEN
TES
TIM
ATED
NU
MBE
R OF
PE
RIOD
Sb)
descr
ibe di
fferen
t meth
ods
used
to fin
d mole
cular
ma
sses o
f gase
s;
Teac
her t
o guid
e stud
ents
to dis
cuss
relati
ve m
olecu
lar m
asses
and d
ensit
ies of
gases
and
vapo
urs.
Duma
’s bu
lb, w
ater
bath,
therm
omete
r, pro
pano
ne,vi
ctor M
eyer’
s ap
parat
us, d
iethy
l ethe
r, de
sicca
tors.
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
de
scribe
diffe
rent
metho
ds us
ed to
find
molec
ular m
asses
of ga
ses?
c) ex
plain
the ab
norm
al rel
ative
dens
ities
of va
pour.
Teac
her t
o guid
e stud
ents
to dis
cuss
how
molec
ular m
asses
of ga
ses ar
e affe
cted b
y ass
ociat
ion an
d diss
ociat
ion of
va
pours
.
Textb
ooks
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
expla
in the
abno
rmal
relati
ve de
nsiti
es of
vapo
urs?
4.0 R
ELAT
IVE
MOL
ECUL
AR
MAS
SES I
N SO
LUTI
ON4.1
Coll
igativ
e Pr
opert
ies of
So
lution
s
By th
e end
of th
is su
b- top
ic the
stud
ent s
hould
be ab
le to:
a) ex
plain
the m
eanin
g of
collig
ative
prop
erties
;
Teac
her t
o guid
e stud
ents
to dis
cuss
the m
eanin
g of
colli
gativ
e prop
erties
.
• Be
ckma
n’s ap
parat
us•
Land
s berg
er ap
parat
us•
Free
zing p
oint
appa
ratus
• O
smom
eter
• W
eighin
g bott
le
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
ex
plain
the m
eanin
g of
colli
gativ
e prop
erties
?
6b)
expla
in ho
w co
lliga
tive
prope
rties
of so
lution
s are
used
to de
termi
ne
the m
olar m
asses
of so
lutes.
Stud
ents
in sm
all gr
oups
to
demo
nstra
te ho
w bo
iling
point
ele
vatio
n, fre
ezing
point
de
pressi
on, lo
werin
g vap
our
pressu
re an
d osm
otic p
ressu
re are
used
to de
termi
ne th
e mola
r ma
sses o
f solu
tes.
• Th
ermom
eter
• Co
mmon
salt/
Suga
r•
Wate
r•
Beak
er•
Sourc
e of h
eat
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
expla
in ho
w co
lligati
ve
prope
rties
of so
lution
s are
used
to de
termi
ne th
e mo
lar m
asses
of so
lutes?
10
TOPI
CS/ S
UB T
OPIC
SSP
ECIF
IC O
BJEC
TIVE
STE
ACHI
NG A
ND L
EARN
ING
STRA
TEGI
ESTE
ACHI
NG A
ND
LEAR
NING
RES
OURC
ESAS
SESS
MEN
TES
TIM
ATED
NU
MBE
R OF
PE
RIOD
S4.2
Law
s Gov
erning
the
Coll
igativ
e Pr
opert
ies
By th
e end
of th
is su
b-top
ic the
stud
ent s
hould
be
able
to:a)
descr
ibe th
e Rao
ult’s
law
which
gove
rns co
lligati
ve
prope
rties;
i) Te
ache
r to g
uide s
tuden
ts to
discu
ss Ra
oult’s
law,
Bl
adge
ns L
aw an
d Mola
r so
lution
s.ii)
Stud
ents
to pe
rform
ex
perim
ents
to de
mons
trate
the el
evati
on of
boili
ng po
int
and d
epres
sion o
f free
zing
point
.iii
) Tea
cher
to gu
ide st
uden
ts to
discu
ss on
the l
oweri
ng of
va
pour
pressu
re an
d osm
otic
pressu
re.
• Be
ckma
n’s ap
parat
us•
Free
zing p
oint
appa
ratus
• La
nds b
erger
appa
ratus
• Os
mome
ter•
Weig
hing b
ottle
• Pla
stic b
ottles
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
de
scribe
the R
aoult
s law
whic
h gov
erns
colli
gativ
e prop
erties
?
8
b) de
termi
ne th
e rela
tive
molar
mass
es of
solut
es fro
m Ra
oult’
s law
;
Stud
ents
to de
termi
ne th
e rela
tive
molec
ular m
asses
of so
lutes
from
colli
gativ
e pro
perti
es of
solut
ion un
der t
he
guida
nce o
f the
teac
her.
• Be
ckma
n’s ap
parat
us•
Free
zing p
oint
appa
ratus
• La
nds b
erger
appa
ratus
• Os
mome
ter•
Weig
hing b
ottle
• Pla
stic b
ottles
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
deter
mine
there
lativ
e mo
lar m
asses
of so
lutes
from
Raou
lt’s l
aw?
11
TOPI
CS/ S
UB T
OPIC
SSP
ECIF
IC O
BJEC
TIVE
STE
ACHI
NG A
ND L
EARN
ING
STRA
TEGI
ESTE
ACHI
NG A
ND
LEAR
NING
RES
OURC
ESAS
SESS
MEN
TES
TIM
ATED
NU
MBE
R OF
PE
RIOD
Sc)
deter
mine
the d
egree
of
disso
ciatio
n of
stron
g elec
trolyt
es in
solut
ion.
i) Te
ache
r to g
uide s
tuden
ts to
deter
mine
degre
e of
disso
ciatio
n usin
g van
’t Ho
ff fac
tor-i.
ii) St
uden
ts to
deter
mine
the
relati
ve m
olecu
lar m
asses
of so
lutes
by us
ing va
n’t H
off
factor
-i.iii
) Tea
cher
shou
ld lea
d a
discu
ssion
on ho
w rel
ative
mo
lecula
r mass
es of
solut
es are
affec
ted by
asso
ciatio
n/dis
socia
tion o
f solu
tes.
• Be
ckma
ns ap
parat
us•
Osmo
meter
• W
eighin
g bott
le•
Weig
hing b
alanc
e
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
deter
mine
the d
egree
of
disso
ciatio
n of s
trong
ele
ctroly
tes in
solut
ion?
5.0 T
WO
COM
PONE
NT
LIQU
ID
SYST
EMS
5.1 Im
misci
ble L
iquids
By th
e end
of th
is su
b- top
ic the
stud
ent s
hould
be ab
le to:
a) de
scribe
the p
ropert
ies of
im
misci
ble liq
uids;
i) Stu
dents
to pe
rform
an
expe
rimen
t sho
wing
im
misci
ble liq
uids a
nd pa
rtiall
y mi
scible
liquid
s.ii)
Teac
her t
o guid
e stud
ents
to dis
cuss
on lo
w bo
iling
point
of
immi
scible
liquid
s due
to hi
gh
vapo
ur pre
ssure.
• Se
parat
ing fu
nnels
• Be
akers
• Im
misci
ble liq
uids
• Pa
rtiall
y misc
ible
liquid
s
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
de
scribe
the p
ropert
ies
of im
misci
ble liq
uids?
6
12
TOPI
CS/ S
UB T
OPIC
SSP
ECIF
IC O
BJEC
TIVE
STE
ACHI
NG A
ND L
EARN
ING
STRA
TEGI
ESTE
ACHI
NG A
ND
LEAR
NING
RES
OURC
ESAS
SESS
MEN
TES
TIM
ATED
NU
MBE
R OF
PE
RIOD
Sb)
expla
in the
appli
catio
n of
the im
misci
ble
liquid
s;
i) Stu
dent
to inv
estiga
te the
disti
llatio
n proc
ess of
im
misci
ble liq
uids.
ii) Te
ache
r to g
uide s
tuden
ts thr
ough
discu
ssion
to ex
plain
how
steam
disti
llatio
n of a
co
mpou
nd of
high
boili
ng
point
can b
e ach
ieved
at lo
wer
tempe
rature
than
that
of eit
her
pure
comp
onen
t.
• Di
stilla
tion a
ppara
tus•
Immi
scible
liquid
sIs
the st
uden
t able
to
expla
in the
appli
catio
n of
immi
scible
liquid
s?
c) de
termi
ne th
e mola
r mass
of
a high
boili
ng po
int
liquid
by us
ing st
eam
distil
lation
.
Teac
her t
o guid
e stud
ents
to de
termi
ne th
e mola
r mass
es of
a hig
h boil
ing po
int liq
uids.
• Ste
am di
stilla
tion
appa
ratus
• Im
misci
ble liq
uids
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
de
termi
ne th
e mola
r mass
of
high b
oiling
liquid
by
using
stea
m dis
tillat
ion?
5.2 C
omple
tely
Misc
ible L
iquids
By th
e end
of th
is su
b- top
ic the
stud
ent s
hould
be ab
le to:
a) de
scribe
the R
aoult
’s La
w;
Teac
her s
hould
lead
stud
ents
in the
discu
ssion
on R
aoult
’s law
an
d prin
ciples
unde
rlying
the
law.
• M
anila
shee
ts•
Mark
er pe
nsIs
the st
uden
t able
to
descr
ibe th
e Rao
ult’s
law?
6b)
differ
entia
te ide
al fro
m no
n-ide
al so
lution
s;i)
Stude
nts to
give
exam
ples o
f ide
al so
lution
s and
non-i
deal
solut
ions
ii) Te
ache
r to g
uide s
tuden
ts to
distin
guish
idea
l from
non-
ideal
solut
ions.
• Ide
al so
lution
s•
Non–
ideal
solut
ions
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
dif
feren
tiate
ideal
and
non-i
deal
solut
ions?
13
TOPI
CS/ S
UB T
OPIC
SSP
ECIF
IC O
BJEC
TIVE
STE
ACHI
NG A
ND L
EARN
ING
STRA
TEGI
ESTE
ACHI
NG A
ND
LEAR
NING
RES
OURC
ESAS
SESS
MEN
TES
TIM
ATED
NU
MBE
R OF
PE
RIOD
Sc)
demo
nstra
te po
sitive
and
nega
tive d
eviat
ion fr
om
Raou
lt’s L
aw;
i) Stu
dents
to br
ainsto
rm on
so
lution
s tha
t exh
ibit p
ositiv
e an
d neg
ative
devia
tion f
rom
Raou
lt’s la
w.ii)
Teac
her t
o guid
e stud
ents
to dis
cuss
reaso
ns fo
r pos
itive
an
d neg
ative
devia
tion f
rom
Raou
lt’s l
aw.
Wall
chart
show
ing po
sitive
an
d neg
ative
devia
tion f
rom
Raou
lt’s l
aw.
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
demo
nstra
te po
sitive
and
nega
tive d
eviat
ion fr
om
Raou
lt’s l
aw?
d) de
scribe
vapo
ur pre
ssure
diagra
ms;
i) Te
ache
r to l
ead s
tuden
ts to
sketc
h vap
our p
ressu
re dia
grams
for i
deal
and n
on-
ideal
solut
ions.
ii) St
uden
ts thr
ough
grou
p dis
cussi
on to
expla
in va
pour
pressu
re dia
grams
for p
ositi
ve
and n
egati
ve de
viatio
n.iii
) Tea
cher
to lea
d stud
ents
to dis
cuss
the co
ncep
t of
azeo
tropic
mixt
ures.
Wall
chart
show
ing va
pour
pressu
re dia
grams
.Is
the st
uden
t able
to
descr
ibe va
pour
pressu
re dia
grams
?
14
TOPI
CS/ S
UB T
OPIC
SSP
ECIF
IC O
BJEC
TIVE
STE
ACHI
NG A
ND L
EARN
ING
STRA
TEGI
ESTE
ACHI
NG A
ND
LEAR
NING
RES
OURC
ESAS
SESS
MEN
TES
TIM
ATED
NU
MBE
R OF
PE
RIOD
Se)
dem
onstr
ate th
epro
cess o
f frac
tiona
l dis
tillati
on;
i) Stu
dents
unde
r tea
cher’
s gu
idanc
e to p
erform
an
expe
rimen
t on t
he pr
ocess
es of
fracti
onal
distill
ation
.ii)
Teac
her t
o guid
e stud
ents
discu
ss the
prod
ucts
of fra
ction
al dis
tillat
ion.
• Sid
e arm
ed fla
sks
• Th
ermom
eters
• Fr
actio
natin
g colu
mns
• Bo
iling fl
asks
• Be
akers
• Co
nden
sers
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
demo
nstra
te the
proc
ess of
fra
ction
aldis
tillat
ion?
f) ex
plain
the ap
plica
tion
of fra
ction
al dis
tillat
ion.
Teac
her t
o guid
e stud
ents
to dis
cuss
on th
e app
licati
on of
fra
ction
al dis
tillat
ion in
the l
ocal
envir
onme
nt an
d in i
ndus
try.
Frac
tiona
l dist
illati
on
appa
ratus
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
expla
in the
appli
catio
n of
fracti
onal
distil
lation
?
5.3 T
he D
istrib
ution
La
wBy
the e
nd of
this
sub-
topic
the st
uden
t sho
uld be
ab
le to:
a) ex
plain
the m
eanin
g of t
he
distri
butio
n law
Teac
her t
o guid
e stud
ents
to bra
instor
m on
the d
istrib
ution
of
a solu
te be
twee
n two
immi
scible
so
lvents
.
• Se
parat
ing fu
nnel
• So
lute
• Tw
o imm
iscibl
e so
lvents
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
ex
plain
the di
stribu
tion
law?
6b)
demo
nstra
te the
dis
tribu
tion l
aw;
i) Stu
dents
to pe
rform
an
expe
rimen
t to ill
ustra
te the
distr
ibutio
n law
e.g.
distri
butio
n of i
odine
be
twee
n wate
r and
petro
leum
ether.
• Pip
ettes
• Be
akers
• Co
nical
flask
s•
Iodine
• Pe
troleu
m eth
er•
Sepa
rating
funn
el
Is the
stud
ent a
ble
to de
mons
trate
the
distri
butio
n law
?
15
TOPI
CS/ S
UB T
OPIC
SSP
ECIF
IC O
BJEC
TIVE
STE
ACHI
NG A
ND L
EARN
ING
STRA
TEGI
ESTE
ACHI
NG A
ND
LEAR
NING
RES
OURC
ESAS
SESS
MEN
TES
TIM
ATED
NU
MBE
R OF
PE
RIOD
Sii)
Teac
her t
o guid
e stud
ents
discu
ss the
resu
lts of
the
expe
rimen
t lead
ing to
the
calcu
lation
of th
e dist
ributi
on
cons
tant.
Cauti
on: A
void
poiso
nous
subs
tance
s like
tet
rachlo
rometh
ane a
nd
benz
ene.
c) ap
ply di
stribu
tion l
aw in
so
lvent
extra
ction
;i)
Stude
nts to
perfo
rm an
ex
perim
ent to
show
appli
catio
n of
distri
butio
n law
in
solve
nt ex
tracti
on lik
e in
chrom
atogra
phy.
ii) Te
ache
r to g
uide s
tuden
ts in
the di
scussi
on of
diffe
rent
appli
catio
n of d
istrib
ution
law
in so
lvent
extra
tion.
• Se
parat
ing fu
nnels
• Bu
rettes
• Fi
tter p
aper
• Pe
tridis
h•
Flowe
rs•
Leav
es•
Solve
nt (pr
opan
one)
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
ap
ply di
stribu
tion l
aw in
so
lvent
extra
ction
?
d) ex
plain
the de
viatio
ns fr
om
the di
stribu
tion l
aw.
Teac
her t
o guid
e stud
ents
in dis
cussi
ng ca
ses w
here
there
is de
viatio
n from
the d
istrib
ution
law
i.e. in
asso
ciatio
n and
in
disso
ciatio
n of t
he so
lute.
Textb
ooks
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
ex
plain
the de
viatio
ns
from
the di
stribu
tion
law?
16
TOPI
CS/ S
UB T
OPIC
SSP
ECIF
IC O
BJEC
TIVE
STE
ACHI
NG A
ND L
EARN
ING
STRA
TEGI
ESTE
ACHI
NG A
ND
LEAR
NING
RES
OURC
ESAS
SESS
MEN
TES
TIM
ATED
NU
MBE
R OF
PE
RIOD
S6.0
ENE
RGET
ICS
6.1 H
eats
of Re
actio
n
By th
e end
of th
is su
b- top
ic the
stud
ent s
hould
be ab
le to: a) e
xplai
n the
conc
ept
o
f heat
s of r
eacti
on;
i) Stu
dents
to di
scuss
differ
ent
heat
chan
ges.
ii) Te
ache
r to g
uide s
tuden
ts thr
ough
discu
ssion
on he
ats
of for
matio
n, ne
utrali
zatio
n, co
mbus
tion,
diluti
on,
atomi
zatio
n, so
lution
and
disso
ciatio
n.
• Be
aker
• Sa
lt•
Therm
omete
r•
Sourc
eof h
eat
• A
cid•
Base
• Ba
lance
• Di
stille
d wate
r
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
ex
plain
the co
ncep
t of
heats
of re
actio
n?
6
b) de
termi
ne th
e hea
t of
neutr
aliza
tion;
i) Stu
dents
to pe
rform
an
expe
rimen
t to de
termi
ne he
at of
neutr
aliza
tion u
sing N
aOH
and
HCl.
ii) Te
ache
r to g
uide s
tuden
ts in
discu
ssing
the h
eat c
hang
e de
termi
natio
n.
• Sa
lt sam
ple•
Calor
imete
rs•
Alka
lis•
Acids
• Th
ermom
eter
• Ind
icator
s
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
de
termi
ne th
e hea
t of
neutr
aliza
tion?
c) de
termi
ne th
e hea
t of
solut
ion.
i) Stu
dents
to pe
rform
an
expe
rimen
t to de
termi
ne th
e he
at of
solut
ion us
ing di
fferen
t sal
ts.ii)
Teac
her s
hould
lead
stud
ents
in dis
cussi
ng th
e hea
ts of
solut
ion.
• Th
ermom
eters
• Na
OH•
HCl
• Ca
lorim
eter
• So
dium
thios
ulpha
te•
CuSO
4.5H2O,
CuS
O 4
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
de
termi
ne th
e hea
t of
solut
ion?
17
TOPI
CS/SU
BTOP
ICS
SPEC
IFIC
OBJ
ECTI
VES
TEAC
HING
AND
LEA
RNIN
G ST
RATE
GIES
TEAC
HING
AN
D LE
ARNI
NG
RESO
URCE
SAS
SESS
MEN
TES
TIM
ATED
NU
MBE
ROF
PERI
ODS
6.2 H
ess’s
Law
By th
e end
of th
is su
b- top
ic the
stu
dent
shou
ld be
able
to:a)
expla
in the
Hess
’s La
w;
Teac
her t
o guid
e stud
ents
in the
dis
cussi
on on
the c
once
pt of
Hess’
s law
.
• Th
ermom
eter
• Be
aker
• Sa
lt•
Acids
• Ba
ses
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
ex
plain
the H
ess’s
law?
6
b) ap
ply H
ess’s
Law
in the
calcu
lation
s of h
eat
chan
ges;
i) Stu
dents
to ca
rry ou
t calc
ulatio
ns
on he
at ch
ange
s usin
g Hess
’s law
.ii)
Teac
her t
o lea
d stud
ents
in dis
cussi
ng va
rious
calcu
lation
s wh
ere H
ess’s
law is
appli
cable
.
Textb
ooks
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
ap
ply H
ess’s
law in
the
calcu
lation
of he
at ch
ange
s?
c) de
scribe
the B
orn H
aber
cycle
;Te
ache
r to gu
ide st
uden
ts in
the
discu
ssion
of B
orn-H
aber
cycle
us
ing co
mpou
nds l
ike N
aCl,
KBr, C
aO an
d MgC
l 2.
Diag
ram sh
owing
Born
Ha
ber c
ycle
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
de
scribe
the B
orn H
aber
cycle
?
d) rel
ate he
ats of
form
ation
to
bond
energ
ies.
Teac
her s
hould
lead
stud
ents
to dis
cuss
the re
lation
betw
een h
eats
of for
matio
n and
bond
energ
ies.
Chart
s and
pictu
resIs
the st
uden
t able
to re
late
heat
of for
matio
n to b
ond
energ
ies?
7.0
PERI
ODIC
CL
ASSI
FICA
TION
7.1 Pe
riodic
ity
By th
e end
of th
is su
b- top
ic the
stu
dent
shou
ld be
able
to:a)
expla
in the
conc
ept o
f pe
riodic
ity;
Teac
her t
o guid
e stud
ents
to dis
cuss
the co
ncep
t of p
eriod
icity.
Mod
ern pe
riodic
table
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
expla
in the
conc
ept o
f pe
riodic
ity?
6
18
TOPI
CS/SU
BTOP
ICS
SPEC
IFIC
OBJ
ECTI
VES
TEAC
HING
AND
LEA
RNIN
G ST
RATE
GIES
TEAC
HING
AN
D LE
ARNI
NG
RESO
URCE
SAS
SESS
MEN
TES
TIM
ATED
NU
MBE
ROF
PERI
ODS
b) co
mpare
the e
fforts
of
differ
ent s
cienti
st in
trying
to
classi
fy ele
ments
;
i) Tea
cher
to gu
ide st
uden
ts to
classi
fy ele
ments
acco
rding
to
Newl
and,
Mey
er, M
ende
leev a
nd
Mos
ley.
ii) St
uden
ts to
use M
osley
cla
ssific
ation
to es
tablis
h a
perio
dic ta
ble.
Wall
chart
show
ing
mode
rn pe
riodic
table
s of
News
land,
Mey
er M
ende
leev a
nd M
osley
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
expla
in the
prog
ress o
f dif
feren
t scie
ntists
in
classi
fying
elem
ents?
c) de
scribe
the m
ain fe
atures
of
the m
odern
perio
dic
table;
i) Te
ache
r sho
uld le
ad st
uden
ts to
use t
he pe
riodic
law
to est
ablis
h gro
ups,
perio
ds an
d bloc
ks.
ii) St
uden
ts to
use t
he pe
riodic
law
to co
nstru
ct a p
eriod
ic tab
le ac
cordi
ng to
Mos
ley.
Mod
ern pe
riodic
table
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
descr
ibe th
e main
featu
res
of the
mod
ern pe
riodic
tab
le?
d) co
mpare
the p
eriod
ic law
in te
rms o
f atom
ic ma
sses v
ersus
atom
ic nu
mbers
.
Stud
ents
to us
e the
perio
dic la
w to
comp
are at
omic
masse
s vers
us
atomi
c num
bers
of ele
ments
.
Mod
ern pe
riodic
table
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
comp
are th
e peri
odic
law
in ter
ms of
atom
ic ma
sses
versu
s atom
ic nu
mbers
?7.2
Pe
riodic
Tren
ds in
Ph
ysica
l Prop
erties
By th
e end
of th
is su
b-top
ic the
stud
ent s
hould
be
able
to:a)
descr
ibe th
e gen
eral p
eriod
ic tre
nds i
n phy
sical
prope
rties
acros
s peri
ods a
nd do
wn th
e gro
ups;
Teac
her t
o guid
e stud
ents
to dis
cuss
the ge
neral
perio
dic tr
ends
in ph
ysica
l pro
perti
es of
eleme
nts ac
ross p
eriod
s an
d dow
n the
grou
ps co
nside
ring
atomi
c size
, elec
trone
gativ
ity,
ioniza
tion e
nergy
and e
lectro
n affi
nity.
Mod
ern pe
riodic
table
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
descr
ibe th
e gen
eral
perio
dic tr
ends
in ph
ysica
l pro
perti
es ac
ross p
eriod
s an
d in d
own t
he gr
oups
?6
19
TOPI
CS/SU
BTOP
ICS
SPEC
IFIC
OBJ
ECTI
VES
TEAC
HING
AND
LEA
RNIN
G ST
RATE
GIES
TEAC
HING
AN
D LE
ARNI
NG
RESO
URCE
SAS
SESS
MEN
TES
TIM
ATED
NU
MBE
ROF
PERI
ODS
b) de
scribe
perio
dic tr
ends
in
phys
ical p
ropert
ies do
wn
the gr
oups
;
Teac
her t
o lea
d stud
ents
to dis
cuss
the pe
riodic
tren
d in p
hysic
al pro
perti
es of
eleme
nts do
wn th
e gro
ups I
A, II
A an
d VII.
Mod
ern pe
riodic
table
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
descr
ibe pe
riodic
tren
ds
in ph
ysica
l prop
erties
do
wn th
e grou
p?c)
descr
ibe pe
riodic
tren
ds in
ph
ysica
l prop
erties
acros
s pe
riod 3
.
Teac
her t
o guid
e stud
ents
to dis
cuss
perio
dic tr
ends
in ph
ysica
l prop
erties
of
eleme
nts ac
ross p
eriod
3.
Mod
ern pe
riodic
table
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
descr
ibe pe
riodic
tre
nds i
n phy
sical
prope
rties
acros
s peri
od 3?
7.3 P
eriod
ic Tr
ends
in
Chem
ical P
ropert
iesBy
the e
nd of
this
sub-
topic
the
stude
nt sh
ould
be ab
le to:
a) de
scribe
tren
ds in
chem
ical
prope
rties
in gro
ups;
i) Te
ache
r to g
uide s
tuden
ts to
discu
ss the
reac
tion b
etwee
n ele
ments
in gr
oup I
A, II
A an
d VI
IA w
ith ai
r, H2O
, HCl
, NaO
H,
HNO3
and H
2SO4
ii) St
uden
ts to
estab
lish t
he tr
ends
in
chem
ical p
ropert
ies of
elem
ents
in gro
ups I
A, II
A VI
IA.
• M
odern
perio
dic
table
• H 2O,
HCl
, NaO
H,
HNO 3, H
2SO4
Is the
stud
ent a
ble
to de
scribe
tren
ds in
ch
emica
l prop
erties
in
group
s?
4b)
descr
ibe tr
ends
in ch
emica
l pro
perti
es alo
ng pe
riod
3
i) Te
ache
r to g
uide s
tuden
ts to
discu
ss the
actio
n of w
ater o
n hy
dride
s, ch
loride
s, hy
droxid
es an
d oxid
es of
eleme
nts in
perio
d 3.
ii) Te
ache
r sho
uld le
ad a
discu
ssion
on
the i
onic
chara
cter o
f chlo
rides,
hy
droxid
es an
d hyd
rides
of ele
ments
in pe
riod 3
.
• M
odern
perio
dic
table
• W
ater
• Hyd
rides,
chlor
ides,
hy
droxid
es an
d ox
ides o
f elem
ents
in pe
riod 3
Is the
stud
ent a
ble
to de
scribe
tren
ds in
ch
emica
l prop
erties
alon
g pe
riod 3
?
20
TOPI
CS/SU
BTOP
ICS
SPEC
IFIC
OBJ
ECTI
VES
TEAC
HING
AND
LEA
RNIN
G ST
RATE
GIES
TEAC
HING
AN
D LE
ARNI
NG
RESO
URCE
SAS
SESS
MEN
TES
TIM
ATED
NU
MBE
ROF
PERI
ODS
iii) S
tuden
ts to
prepa
re ch
arts t
hat
descr
ibes t
he tr
ends
of ch
emica
l pro
perti
es of
eleme
nts in
perio
d 3.
7.4
Diag
onal
Relat
ionsh
ipBy
the e
nd of
this
sub-
topic
the st
uden
t sho
uld be
able
to:a)
expla
in the
conc
ept o
f dia
gona
l rela
tions
hip;
Teac
her t
o guid
e stud
ents
to dis
cuss
the co
ncep
t of d
iagon
al rel
ation
ship.
Mod
ern pe
riodic
table
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
ex
plain
the co
ncep
t of
diago
nal r
elatio
nship
?
6
b) ex
plain
the di
agon
al rel
ation
ship
betw
een l
ithium
an
d mag
nesiu
m; be
rylliu
m an
d alum
inium
;
i) Te
ache
r sho
uld le
ad a
discu
ssion
on
diag
onal
relati
onsh
ip of
Li/M
g an
d Be/A
l.ii)
Stud
ents
to de
duce
the d
iagon
al rel
ation
ship b
etween
Lithi
um
and M
agne
sium;
beryl
lium
and
Alum
inium
.
Mod
ern pe
riodic
table
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
ex
plain
the di
agon
al rel
ation
ship
betw
een
lithiu
m an
d mag
nesiu
m;
beryl
lium
and a
lumini
um?
c) ex
plain
why t
he fir
st ele
ments
in a
group
diffe
r fro
m the
rest.
i) Te
ache
r to g
uide s
tuden
ts to
discu
ss the
reaso
ns fo
r ano
malou
s be
havio
ur of
the fir
st ele
ment
in a
group
as co
mpare
d to t
he re
st of
the el
emen
tsii)
Stud
ents
to pre
pare
chart
s tha
t desc
ribe t
he an
omalo
us
beha
viour
of the
first
eleme
nts in
gro
up IA
, IIA
and V
II A.
Mod
ern pe
riodic
table
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
ex
plain
why t
he fir
st ele
ments
in a
group
diffe
rs fro
m the
rest?
21
TOPI
CS/SU
BTOP
ICS
SPEC
IFIC
OBJ
ECTI
VES
TEAC
HING
AND
LEA
RNIN
G ST
RATE
GIES
TEAC
HING
AN
D LE
ARNI
NG
RESO
URCE
SAS
SESS
MEN
TES
TIM
ATED
NU
MBE
ROF
PERI
ODS
8.0
SELE
CTED
CO
MPO
UNDS
OF
MET
ALS
8.1
Oxide
s
By th
e end
of th
is su
b- top
ic the
stud
ent s
hould
be ab
le to:
a) cla
ssify
metal
oxide
s;
Stude
nts to
class
ify m
etal o
xides
as ba
sic, a
cidic,
amph
oteric
or m
ixed
oxide
s. M
etals
selec
ted ar
e Na,
Mg,
Ca, A
l, Fe,
Cu, Z
n and
Pb.
Oxide
s of N
a, M
g, Ca
, Al,
Fe, C
u, Zn
and P
b.Is
the st
uden
t able
to
classi
fy me
tal ox
ides?
6
b) pre
pare
oxide
s of m
etals
by di
rect a
nd in
direc
t me
thods
;
Stud
ents
to pre
pare
metal
oxide
s in
the la
borat
ory by
direc
tly he
ating
the
metal
in ai
r also
by in
direc
t meth
od
using
conc
entra
ted ni
tric a
cid.
• HN
O 3
• M
etal
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
pre
pare
oxide
s of m
etals
by di
rect a
nd in
direc
t me
thods
?
c) de
mons
trate
the re
actio
ns
of me
tal ox
ides w
ith
water
and w
ith di
lute
acids
;
Stud
ents
to ca
rry ou
t rea
ction
s to
demo
nstra
te the
prop
erties
of ox
ides
as the
y rea
ct wi
th wa
ter an
d dilu
te ac
ids
• Di
lute H
2SO4
• Di
luteH
Cl•
Meta
l oxid
es
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
de
mons
trate
the re
actio
ns
of me
tal ox
ides w
ith w
ater
and w
ith di
lute a
cids?
d) ex
plain
the us
es of
metal
ox
ides;
Stud
ents
to dis
cuss
the us
es of
metal
oxide
s in f
urnac
es an
d as l
iming
ma
terial
s
• M
gO•
CaO
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
ex
plain
the us
es of
metal
ox
ides?
e) de
scribe
the r
eacti
ons o
f am
phote
ric ox
ides.
Stud
ents
to wr
ite ba
lance
d equ
ation
s for
the r
eacti
ons o
f no
rmal
and
amph
oretic
oxide
s
• Zn
O•
Al2O 3
• Pb
O
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
de
scribe
the r
eacti
ons o
f am
phote
ric ox
ides?
8.2
Hydro
xides
By th
e end
of th
is su
b- top
ic the
stud
ent s
hould
be ab
le to:
a) pre
pare
metal
hydro
xides
by
direc
t and
in di
rect m
ethod
s;
Stud
ents
to pre
pare
metal
hydro
xides
by di
rect a
nd in
direc
t meth
ods
• M
etals
selec
ted•
Oxide
s of s
electe
d me
tals
• H
2O
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
pre
pare
metal
hydro
xides
by di
fferen
t meth
ods?
6
22
TOPI
CS/SU
BTOP
ICS
SPEC
IFIC
OBJ
ECTI
VES
TEAC
HING
AND
LEA
RNIN
G ST
RATE
GIES
TEAC
HING
AN
D LE
ARNI
NG
RESO
URCE
SAS
SESS
MEN
TES
TIM
ATED
NU
MBE
ROF
PERI
ODS
b) pe
scribe
the p
ropert
ies of
me
tal hy
droxid
es;St
uden
ts to
demo
nstra
te ex
perim
ental
ly ho
w me
tal hy
droxid
es rea
ct wi
th oth
er ele
ments
/comp
ound
s.
Hydro
xide o
f sele
cted
metal
sIs
the st
uden
t able
to
descr
ibe th
e prop
erties
of
metal
hydro
xides?
c) ex
plain
the us
es of
metal
hy
droxid
es.Te
ache
r to g
uide s
tuden
ts to
discu
ss the
uses
of me
tal hy
droxid
es in
indus
try, in
cludin
g the
man
ufactu
re of
soap
.
Hydro
xide o
f sele
cted
metal
sIs
the st
uden
t able
to
expla
in the
uses
of me
tal
hydro
xides?
8.3
Carbo
nates
and
Hydro
genc
arbon
ates
By th
e end
of th
is su
b- top
ic the
stud
ent s
hould
be ab
le to:
a) pre
pare
metal
carbo
nates
by
indire
ct me
thods
;
Stud
ents
to pre
pare
carbo
nates
and
hydro
gen c
arbon
ates b
y dire
ct an
d ind
irect
metho
ds.
• lim
e wate
r•
NaO
H•
Straw
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
pre
pare
metal
carbo
nates
by
indir
ect m
ethod
s?
6
b) ex
plain
the no
n- ex
isten
ce
of the
carbo
nates
of ir
on an
d alu
miniu
m;
Teac
her t
o guid
e stud
ents
to ex
plain
why t
he ca
rbona
tes of
iron
and
alumi
nium
have
neve
r bee
n prep
ared
• Al
2O 3
• Fe
2O 3
• Te
xtboo
ks
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
expla
in the
non-
exist
ence
of
the c
arbon
ates o
f iron
an
d alum
inium
?c)
demo
nstra
te the
effec
t of h
eat
on ca
rbona
tes;
Stud
ents
to de
mons
trate
expe
rimen
tally
the ef
fects
of he
at on
me
tal ca
rbona
tes.
• Ca
rbona
tes of
selec
ted
metal
sIs
the st
uden
t able
tode
mons
trate
the ef
fect o
f he
at on
carbo
nates
?
d) de
scribe
the p
ropert
ies
of me
tal ca
rbona
tes an
d hy
droge
n carb
onate
s;
Stud
ents
to de
mons
trate
the re
actio
ns
of ca
rbona
tes w
ith w
ater a
nd w
ith
acid.
• H
2O•
Mine
ral ac
ids•
Carbo
nates
of se
lected
me
tals
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
descr
ibe th
e prop
erties
of
metal
carbo
nates
and
hydro
gen c
arbon
ates?
23
TOPI
CS/SU
BTOP
ICS
SPEC
IFIC
OBJ
ECTI
VES
TEAC
HING
AND
LEA
RNIN
G ST
RATE
GIES
TEAC
HING
AN
D LE
ARNI
NG
RESO
URCE
SAS
SESS
MEN
TES
TIM
ATED
NU
MBE
ROF
PERI
ODS
e) de
scribe
the u
ses of
ca
rbona
tes an
d hyd
rogen
ca
rbona
tes.
Teac
her t
o guid
e stud
ents
to dis
cuss
the us
es of
metal
carbo
nates
an
d hyd
rogen
carbo
nates
in in
dustr
y an
d in a
gricu
lture.
• Qu
ick lim
e•
Ca(O
H)2
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
descr
ibe th
e uses
of
carbo
nates
and
hydro
gen c
arbon
ates?
8.4
Sulph
ates
By th
e end
of th
is su
b-top
ic the
stud
ent s
hould
be
able
to:a)
prepa
re so
luble
and i
nsolu
ble
metal
sulph
ates b
y dire
ct an
d ind
irect
metho
ds;
Stud
ents
to pre
pare
metal
sulph
ates
by di
rect a
nd in
direc
t meth
ods.
• H 2SO
4•
Glass
ware
• Pb
(NO 3) 2
• Na
2SO4
• Me
tals s
electe
d•
Oxide
s of s
electe
d me
tal
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
prepa
re so
luble
and
insolu
ble m
etal
sulph
ates b
y dire
ct an
d ind
irect
metho
ds?
6
b) de
scribe
the p
ropert
ies of
su
lphate
s;St
uden
ts to
carry
out e
xperi
ments
to
test th
e prop
erties
of m
etal s
ulpha
tes.
• Na
2SO4
• Zn
SO4
• Gl
asswa
re
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
descr
ibe th
e prop
erties
of
sulph
ates?
c) de
scribe
the u
ses of
su
lphate
s;Te
ache
r to g
uide s
tuden
ts go
discu
ss the
uses
of me
tal su
lphate
s in
indus
try an
d in a
gricu
lture.
• H 2SO
4
• Su
lphate
of
ammo
nia
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
descr
ibe th
e uses
of
sulph
ates?
d) de
mons
trate
the ef
fect o
f he
at on
sulph
ates.
Stud
ents
to tes
t the e
ffects
of he
at on
comm
on su
lphate
s of m
etals.
• Ba
SO4
• Cu
SO4
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
demo
nstra
te the
effec
t of
heat
on su
lphate
s?
24
TOPI
CS/SU
BTOP
ICS
SPEC
IFIC
OBJ
ECTI
VES
TEAC
HING
AND
LEA
RNIN
G ST
RATE
GIES
TEAC
HING
AN
D LE
ARNI
NG
RESO
URCE
SAS
SESS
MEN
TES
TIM
ATED
NU
MBE
ROF
PERI
ODS
8.5
Chlor
ides
By th
e end
of th
is su
b- top
ic the
stu
dent
shou
ld be
able
to:a)
prepa
re me
tal ch
loride
s by
direc
t and
indir
ect m
ethod
s;
Stud
ents
to pre
pare
metal
chlor
ides
by di
rect a
nd in
direc
t meth
ods.
• Di
l.HCl
• Cl
2•
Metal
s sele
cted
• ox
ides o
f sele
cted
metal
s
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
pre
pare
metal
chlor
ides
by a
varie
ty of
metho
ds?
6
b) de
scribe
the p
ropert
ies of
me
tal ch
loride
s;Te
ache
r sho
uld le
ad st
uden
ts to
demo
nstra
te ex
perim
ental
ly the
pro
perti
es of
metal
chlor
ides.
Chlor
ides o
f meta
ls sel
ected
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
descr
ibe th
e prop
erties
of
metal
chlor
ides?
c) de
scribe
spec
ial
chara
cteris
tics o
f FeC
l 3 and
AlCl
3;
Teac
her a
nd st
uden
ts to
discu
ss the
sp
ecial
chara
cteris
tics o
f FeC
l 3 and
AlCl
3 in th
e gase
ous s
tate.
• Fe
Cl3
• Al
Cl3
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
descr
ibe th
e spe
cial
prope
rties
of Al
Cl3 a
nd
FeCl
3?
d) ex
plain
the us
es of
chlor
ides.
Stud
ents
to dis
cuss
the us
es of
metal
chlor
ides.
Chlor
ides o
f meta
ls sel
ected
Is the
stud
ent a
bleex
plain
the us
es of
chlor
ides
8.6
Nitra
tesBy
the e
nd of
this
sub-
topic
the st
uden
t sho
uld be
ab
le to:
a) pre
pare
metal
nitra
tes by
dir
ect a
nd in
direc
t meth
ods;
Stud
ents
to pre
pare
metal
nitra
tes in
the
labo
ratory
by di
rect a
nd in
direc
t me
thods
.
• Di
l.HNO
3
• Ox
ides o
f meta
ls sel
ected
• Hy
droxid
es of
metal
s sel
ected
• Ca
rbona
tes of
meta
ls sel
ected
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
pre
pare
metal
nitra
tes by
dif
feren
t meth
ods?
6
25
TOPI
CS/SU
BTOP
ICS
SPEC
IFIC
OBJ
ECTI
VES
TEAC
HING
AND
LEA
RNIN
G ST
RATE
GIES
TEAC
HING
AN
D LE
ARNI
NG
RESO
URCE
SAS
SESS
MEN
TES
TIM
ATED
NU
MBE
ROF
PERI
ODS
b) de
scribe
the p
ropert
ies of
me
tal ni
trates
;St
uden
ts to
carry
out e
xperi
ments
to
test th
e prop
erties
of m
etal n
itrate
s. N
itrate
s of s
electe
d meta
ls Is
the st
uden
t able
tode
scribe
the p
ropert
ies of
me
tal ni
trates
?c)
descr
ibe th
e effe
cts of
heat
on m
etal n
itrate
s;St
uden
ts to
test th
e effe
ct of
heat
on
metal
nitra
tes.
Nitr
ate of
selec
ted m
etals
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
descr
ibe th
e effe
cts of
heat
on m
etal n
itrate
s?d)
expla
in the
uses
of me
tal
nitrat
es.St
uden
ts to
discu
ss the
uses
of nit
rates
in ind
ustry
and i
n agri
cultu
re. W
all ch
art sh
owing
the
uses
of nit
rates.
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
ex
plain
the us
es of
metal
nit
rates?
9.0
ALIP
HATI
C HY
DROC
ARBO
NS
9.1
Sourc
es of
Orga
nic
Comp
ound
s
By th
e end
of th
is su
b- top
ic the
stu
dent
shou
ld be
able
to:a)
differ
entia
te org
anic
from
in org
anic
comp
ound
s;
Teac
her s
hould
lead
stud
ents
to bra
in sto
rm on
the n
atural
occu
rring
org
anic
comp
ound
s e.g.
prote
ins,
carbo
hydra
tes, p
lastic
s, fat
s, ac
ids,
synth
etic o
rganic
comp
ound
s me
dicine
s, dru
gs an
d diff
erent
salts.
• W
all ch
art
show
ing•
Natur
al oc
curri
ng or
ganic
co
mpou
nds
• Sy
ntheti
c orga
nic
comp
ound
s•
Diffe
rent s
alts
• Or
ganic
mate
rials
• Sa
lts
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
dif
feren
tiate
organ
ic an
d ino
rganic
comp
ound
s?
4
b) ide
ntify
differ
ent s
ource
s of
organ
ic co
mpou
nds;
Stud
ents
unde
r tea
cher’
s guid
ance
to
discu
ss dif
feren
t sou
rces o
f org
anic
comp
ound
s inc
luding
pe
troleu
m, co
al, an
d natu
ral ga
s.
Wall
chart
show
ing
comp
ound
s whic
h can
be
obtai
ned f
rom•
petro
leum
• co
al
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
identi
fy dif
feren
t so
urces
of org
anic
comp
ound
s?
26
TOPI
CS/SU
BTOP
ICS
SPEC
IFIC
OBJ
ECTI
VES
TEAC
HING
AND
LEA
RNIN
G ST
RATE
GIES
TEAC
HING
AN
D LE
ARNI
NG
RESO
URCE
SAS
SESS
MEN
TES
TIM
ATED
NU
MBE
ROF
PERI
ODS
c) cla
ssify
organ
ic co
mpou
nds
into a
lipha
tic an
d a ro
matic
gro
ups;
Teac
her s
hould
lead
stud
ents
in the
discu
ssion
on cl
asses
of ali
phati
c an
d a ro
matic
hydro
carbo
ns; w
ith
exam
ples i
.e. al
iphati
c alka
nes,
alken
es an
d alky
nes e
xclud
e cyc
lic
hydro
carbo
ns
Draw
ing on
man
ila sh
eet
show
ing al
iphati
c and
aro
matic
grou
ps.
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
classi
fy alp
hatic
and
aroma
tic gr
oups
?
d) de
scribe
the s
pecia
l pro
perti
es of
the ca
rbon
atom.
Teac
her s
hould
lead
stud
ents
in the
discu
ssion
on un
ique f
eatur
es of
carbo
n in o
rganic
comp
ound
s inc
luding
the f
ollow
ing:
i) It
unde
rgoes
caten
ation
ii) E
xhibi
ts a v
ariety
of ox
idatio
n
sta
tesiii
) Form
s stro
ng bo
nds w
ith a
varie
ty of
eleme
nts
iv) F
orms m
ultipl
e bon
ds.
• M
odels
• W
all ch
arts
show
ing- v
ariab
le ox
idatio
n
states
of ca
rbon
- mu
ltiple
bond
s of
carbo
n.
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
descr
ibe th
e spe
cial
prope
rties
of the
carbo
n ato
m?
9.2
Prope
rties o
f Alip
hatic
Hy
droca
rbons
By th
e end
of th
is su
b- top
ic the
stud
ent s
hould
be ab
le to:
a) de
scribe
the g
enera
l phy
sical
and c
hemi
cal p
ropert
ies of
ali
phati
c hyd
rocarb
ons.
Stud
ents
unde
r tea
cher’
s guid
ance
to
discu
ss ph
ysica
l and
chem
ical
prope
rties
of ali
phati
c hyd
rocarb
ons
e.g. m
elting
point
, boil
ing po
int an
d so
lubili
ty.
• W
all ch
art sh
owing
ph
ysica
l and
chem
ical
prope
rties
of ali
phati
c hy
droca
rbons
• At
omic
mode
ls.
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
de
scribe
the g
enera
l ph
ysica
l and
chem
ical
prope
rties
of ali
phati
c hy
droca
rbons
?2
27
TOPI
CS/SU
BTOP
ICS
SPEC
IFIC
OBJ
ECTI
VES
TEAC
HING
AND
LEA
RNIN
G ST
RATE
GIES
TEAC
HING
AN
D LE
ARNI
NG
RESO
URCE
SAS
SESS
MEN
TES
TIM
ATED
NU
MBE
ROF
PERI
ODS
b) ex
plain
the na
ture o
f bo
nding
in al
iphati
c hy
droca
rbons
.
Teac
her t
o guid
e stud
ents
to ex
plain
natur
e of b
ondin
g in a
lipha
tic
hydro
carbo
ns. T
his ha
s to e
xplai
n the
co
valen
t natu
re of
these
comp
ound
s, for
matio
n of s
igma a
nd π
bond
s
• W
all ch
art sh
owing
for
matio
n of s
igma a
nd π
bond
s.•
Atom
ic mo
dels.
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
ex
plain
the na
ture o
f bo
nding
in al
iphati
c hy
droca
rbons
?
9.3
Alka
nes
By th
e end
of th
is su
b- top
ic the
stud
ent s
hould
be ab
le to:
a) de
scribe
the g
enera
l for
mula
homo
logou
s mo
lecula
r and
struc
tural
formu
la an
d iso
meris
m of
alkan
es.
Stud
ents
to de
scribe
the g
enera
l for
mula
homo
logou
s seri
es mo
lecula
r an
d stru
ctural
form
ulae a
nd
isome
rism
of alk
anes.
Wall
chart
s sho
wing
ho
molog
ous s
eries
of alk
ane u
pto te
n carb
on
atoms
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
de
scribe
the g
enera
l for
mula
homo
logou
s mo
lecula
r and
struc
tural
formu
la an
d iso
meris
m of
alkan
es?
6
b) de
scribe
the p
roduc
tion
of alk
anes
from
coal,
pe
troleu
m an
d natu
ral
gas;
Stud
ents
unde
r tea
cher’
s guid
ance
to
brain
storm
on pr
oduc
tion o
f alk
anes
from
petro
leum,
coal
and
natur
al ga
s.
Wall
chart
s sho
wing
the
rmal
crack
ing of
pe
troleu
m.
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
de
scribe
the p
roduc
tion
of alk
anes
from
coal
petro
leum
and n
atural
gas?
c) ex
plain
the co
ncep
t of
satura
tion i
n term
s of
sp3 hy
bridiz
ation
in
alkan
es;
i) Stu
dents
in gr
oups
to di
scuss
the
satura
tion o
f alka
nes.
ii) Te
ache
r to s
umma
rise t
he co
ncep
t of
satura
tion i
n alka
nes i
n term
s of
sp3 hy
bridiz
ation
.
Atom
ic mo
dels
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
ex
plain
the co
ncep
t of
satura
tion?
28
TOPI
CS/SU
BTOP
ICS
SPEC
IFIC
OBJ
ECTI
VES
TEAC
HING
AND
LEA
RNIN
G ST
RATE
GIES
TEAC
HING
AN
D LE
ARNI
NG
RESO
URCE
SAS
SESS
MEN
TES
TIM
ATED
NU
MBE
ROF
PERI
ODS
d) ex
plain
the ph
ysica
l and
ch
emica
l prop
erties
of
alkan
es;
Teac
her t
o lea
d stud
ents
in the
discu
ssion
of pr
opert
ies of
alka
nes
i.e. r
eacti
on w
ith st
rong a
cids a
nd
alkali
s, co
mbus
tion,
halo
gena
tion
and c
rackin
g proc
ess.
Atom
ic mo
dels
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
expla
in the
phys
ical
and c
hemi
cal p
ropert
ies of
alk
anes?
e) de
mons
trate
labora
tory
synth
esis o
f a si
mple
alkan
es;
Teac
her t
o guid
e stud
ents
in the
prepa
ration
of al
kane
s•
Al4C 3
• H 2O
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
synth
esis o
f a si
mple
alkan
e in t
he la
borat
ory?
f) de
scribe
the n
ature
of alk
anes
as fue
ls;Te
ache
r to l
ead s
tuden
t in di
scussi
ng
the ga
seous
natur
e of s
ome a
lkane
s an
d the
ir us
e as f
uels.
Wall
chart
s sho
wing
ga
seous
, liqu
ids an
d soli
ds
as fue
l of a
lkane
s.
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
descr
ibe th
e natu
re of
alkan
es as
fuels
g) na
me al
kane
s and
their
iso
mers.
i) Te
ache
r to g
uide s
tuden
ts in
nami
ng al
kane
s and
their
isom
ers
using
the I
UPAC
syste
m.ii)
Stud
ents
to na
me m
ore co
mplic
ated
alkan
es up
to te
n carb
on at
oms
Wall
chart
s sho
wing
co
mpou
nds o
f alka
nes a
nd
their
name
s
Is the
stud
ent a
bleto
name
alk
ane a
nd th
eiriso
mers?
9.4
Alke
nes
By th
e end
of th
is su
b- top
ic the
stud
ent s
hould
be ab
le to:
a) de
scribe
the i
ndus
trial
produ
ction
of al
kene
s from
the
therm
al cra
cking
of he
avy
alkan
es;
i) Stu
dents
unde
r tea
cher’
s guid
ance
to
brains
torm
on in
dustr
ial
produ
ction
of al
kene
s by t
herm
al cra
cking
of he
avy a
lkane
s.ii)
Teac
her t
o sum
maris
e the
pro
ducti
on pr
ocess
of al
kene
s.
• W
all ch
arts s
howi
ng
produ
ction
of al
kene
s by
therm
al cra
cking
of
petro
leum
• Fr
actio
nal d
istilla
tion o
f pe
troleu
m
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
descr
ibe th
e ind
ustri
al pro
ducti
on of
alke
nes?
6
29
TOPI
CS/SU
BTOP
ICS
SPEC
IFIC
OBJ
ECTI
VES
TEAC
HING
AND
LEA
RNIN
G ST
RATE
GIES
TEAC
HING
AN
D LE
ARNI
NG
RESO
URCE
SAS
SESS
MEN
TES
TIM
ATED
NU
MBE
ROF
PERI
ODS
b) ex
plain
the co
ncep
t of
unsat
uratio
n in t
erms
of sp
2 hybri
dizati
on in
alk
enes;
Teac
her t
o guid
e stud
ents
to dis
cuss
the co
ncep
t of u
nsatu
ration
in
alken
es du
e to s
p2 hybri
dizati
on.
Atom
ic mo
dels
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
relat
e sp
2 hybri
dizati
on w
ith
unsat
uratio
n?
c) de
scribe
elec
troph
ilic
addit
ion re
actio
ns of
alk
ene;
i) Te
ache
r to g
uide s
tuden
ts in
discu
ssing
elec
troph
ilic
addit
ion re
actio
ns e.
g. ca
talyti
c hy
droge
natio
n, ha
logen
ation
, hy
droha
logen
ation
, add
ition o
f su
lphuri
c acid
etc.
ii) Te
ache
r to e
xplai
n M
arkow
nikov
’s rul
e.iii)
Teac
her t
o guid
e stud
ents
to dis
cuss
oxida
tion r
eacti
ons o
f alk
enes
with
bromi
ne, K
MnO
4
Chart
s sho
wing
elec
tro
phili
c add
ition
reac
tions
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
descr
ibe th
e elec
troph
ilic
addit
ion
reacti
ons o
f the
alke
nes?
d) de
mons
trate
labora
tory
synth
esis o
f a si
mple
alken
e;
Teac
her s
hould
guide
stud
ents
to pre
pare
a sim
ple al
kene
in th
e lab
orator
y.
• Al
coho
l•
Conc
. H2SO
4
• Be
aker
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
de
scribe
the s
ynthe
sis of
eth
ene?
e) na
me al
kene
s and
their
iso
mers
up to
five c
arbon
ato
ms.
i) Te
ache
r to e
xplai
n rule
s gov
erning
na
ming
of al
kene
s.ii)
Stud
ents
to na
me al
kene
s and
their
iso
mers
up to
five c
arbon
atom
s us
ing IU
PAC
syste
m.
Wall
chart
show
ing th
e na
mes o
f five
isom
ers of
alk
enes.
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
name
the
first
five a
lkene
s and
the
ir iso
mers
up to
five
carbo
n atom
s?
30
TOPI
CS/SU
BTOP
ICS
SPEC
IFIC
OBJ
ECTI
VES
TEAC
HING
AND
LEA
RNIN
G ST
RATE
GIES
TEAC
HING
AN
D LE
ARNI
NG
RESO
URCE
SAS
SESS
MEN
TES
TIM
ATED
NU
MBE
ROF
PERI
ODS
9.5
Alky
nes
By th
e end
of th
is su
b- top
ic the
stud
ent s
hould
be ab
le to:
a) de
scribe
the i
ndus
trial
produ
ction
of al
kyne
s from
the
rmal
crack
ing of
heav
y alk
anes;
Teac
her s
hould
lead
stud
ents
in dis
cussi
ng th
e ind
ustri
al pro
ducti
on
of alk
ynes
from
therm
al cra
cking
of
heav
y alka
nes
Wall
chart
show
ing
produ
ction
of al
kyne
s fro
m cra
cking
of he
avy
alkan
es.
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
de
scribe
the i
ndus
trial
produ
ction
of al
kyne
s?
2
b) ex
plain
the un
satura
tion
in alk
ynes
in ter
ms of
sp
hybri
dizati
on;
Stud
ents
unde
r tea
cher’
s guid
ance
to
expla
in un
satura
tion i
n alky
nes i
n ter
ms of
sp hy
bridiz
ation
.
• Wa
ll cha
rt sho
wing
the
diag
rams o
f sp
hybri
dizati
on.
• At
omic
mode
ls
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
rel
ate al
kyne
unsat
uratio
n in
terms
of sp
hy
bridiz
ation
?c)
descr
ibe th
e Mark
ownik
ov’s
mech
anism
in el
ectro
phili
c ad
dition
reac
tions
of
alkyn
es;
i) Te
ache
r to e
xplai
n Mark
ownik
ov’s
electr
ophil
ic ad
dition
reac
tions
of
alkyn
esii)
Stud
ents
to dis
cuss
elecro
phili
c ad
dition
reac
tions
of al
kyne
s.
Chart
s sho
wing
ele
ctrop
hilic
addit
ion
reacti
ons o
f alky
nes
Textb
ooks
Is the
stud
ent a
ble
to de
scribe
the
Mark
ownik
ov’ s
ele
ctrop
hilic
addit
ion
reacti
ons o
f alky
nes.
d) de
mons
trate
labora
tory
synth
esis o
f a si
mple
alkyn
e;
Teac
her t
o lea
d stud
ents
to de
mons
trate
the la
borat
ory
synth
esis o
f ethy
ne (a
cetyl
ene)
by
reacti
ng co
ld wa
ter w
ith ca
lcium
ca
rbide
.
• Ca
C 2
• W
ater
• Ha
rd tub
e
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
de
scribe
the s
ynthe
sis of
ac
etylen
e?
e) na
me al
kyne
s and
their
iso
mers
up to
five c
arbon
ato
ms.
i) Te
ache
r to e
xplai
n rule
s go
verni
ng IU
PAC
syste
m of
nami
ng al
kyne
s. ii)
Stud
ents
to na
me al
kyne
s upto
fiv
e carb
on at
oms.
Wall
chart
s sho
wing
the
name
s of a
lkyne
s and
the
ir iso
mers
Is the
stud
ent a
ble
to na
me al
kyne
s and
the
ir iso
mers
up to
five
carbo
n atom
s?
31
TOPI
CS/SU
BTOP
ICS
SPEC
IFIC
OBJ
ECTI
VES
TEAC
HING
AND
LEA
RNIN
G ST
RATE
GIES
TEAC
HING
AN
D LE
ARNI
NG
RESO
URCE
SAS
SESS
MEN
TES
TIM
ATED
NU
MBE
ROF
PERI
ODS
10.0
AROM
ATIC
HY
DROC
ARBO
NS
10.1
Sou
rces o
f Hy
droca
rbons
By th
e end
of th
is su
b- top
ic the
stud
ent s
hould
be ab
le to:
a) ide
ntify
differ
ent s
ource
s of
aroma
tic hy
droca
rbons
;
Teac
her s
hould
lead
stud
ents
to ide
ntify
vario
us so
urces
of aro
matic
hy
droca
rbons
.
• Ch
arts s
howi
ng
differ
ent s
ource
s of
aroma
tic
hydro
carbo
ns•
Mate
rials
conta
ining
arom
atic
comp
ound
s.
Is the
stud
ent a
ble
to ide
ntify
differ
ent
sourc
es of
aroma
tic
hydro
carbo
ns?
2b)
expla
in the
spec
ial
featur
es of
benz
ene
i) Te
ache
rs to
introd
uce t
he K
ekule
str
uctur
e of b
enze
ne;
ii) T
each
er to
expla
in the
mod
ern
electr
onic
struc
ture o
f ben
zene
in
terms
of π
electr
on de
locali
zatio
n an
d reso
nanc
e desc
riptio
n.iii
) Stud
ents
to pre
pare
pictur
es an
d mod
els th
at de
scribe
the
struc
ture o
f ben
zene
.
• Ch
arts s
howi
ng:
• Ke
kule
struc
ture o
f be
nzen
e•
Mod
ern st
ructur
e of
benz
ene r
ing
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
ex
plain
the sp
ecial
fea
tures
of be
nzen
e?
10.2
Prop
erties
of
Arom
atic
Hydro
carbo
ns
By th
e end
of th
is su
b- top
ic the
stud
ent s
hould
be ab
le to:
a) de
scribe
the r
esona
nce
deloc
aliza
tion o
f the
be
nzen
e π sy
stem.
Teac
her s
hould
lead
stud
ents
in the
discu
ssion
of th
e reso
nanc
e/de
locali
zatio
n of th
e ben
zene π
sy
stem.
Wall
chart
s sho
wing
the
reso
nanc
e stru
cture
benz
ene.
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
de
scribe
the r
esona
nce/
deloc
aliza
tion o
f be
nzen
e π sy
stem?
4
32
TOPI
CS/SU
BTOP
ICS
SPEC
IFIC
OBJ
ECTI
VES
TEAC
HING
AND
LEA
RNIN
G ST
RATE
GIES
TEAC
HING
AN
D LE
ARNI
NG
RESO
URCE
SAS
SESS
MEN
TES
TIM
ATED
NU
MBE
ROF
PERI
ODS
b) ex
plain
electr
ophil
ic su
bstit
ution
reac
tions
of
benz
ene
i) Te
ache
r to e
xplai
n the
chem
ical
reacti
vity o
f ben
zene
in
comp
ariso
n with
alke
nes e
.g.
catal
ytic h
ydrog
enati
on, fr
ee
radica
l add
ition,
ozon
olysis
and
oxida
tion.
ii) Stu
dents
to ex
plain
why b
enzen
e do
es no
t form
addit
ion pr
oduc
ts e.g
. with
hydro
gen h
alide
s, sul
phuri
c acid
and K
MnO 4.
iii) T
each
er to
lead s
tuden
ts in
discu
ssing
subs
tituti
on re
actio
ns
of be
nzen
e e.g.
nitra
tion,
sulph
onati
on, h
aloge
natio
n, Fr
iedel–
Craft
s alky
lation
and
acyla
tion
Chart
s sho
wing
ele
ctrop
hilic
subs
tituti
on
reacti
ons o
f ben
zene
.
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
expla
in ele
ctrop
hilic
subs
tituti
on re
actio
ns of
be
nzen
e?
10.3
Sub
stitut
ed B
enzen
eBy
the e
nd of
this
sub-t
opic
the
stude
nt sh
ould
be ab
le to:
a) de
scribe
the c
hemi
cal
prope
rties
of me
thyl
benz
ene;
i) Te
ache
r to g
uide s
tuden
ts in
the
discu
ssion
of ch
emica
l prop
erties
of
methy
l ben
zene
in co
mpari
son
with
benz
ene (
to inc
lude
hydro
gena
tion,
sulph
onati
on,
nitrat
ion an
d Frie
del c
raft
alkyla
tion a
nd ac
ylatio
n).
ii) St
uden
ts to
expla
in the
effec
t of th
e me
thyl g
roup t
o the
ring
.
Wall
chart
show
ing
vario
us ch
emica
l rea
ction
s of
methy
l ben
zene
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
descr
ibe th
e che
mica
l pro
perti
es of
methy
lbe
nzen
e?
4
33
TOPI
CS/SU
BTOP
ICS
SPEC
IFIC
OBJ
ECTI
VES
TEAC
HING
AND
LEA
RNIN
G ST
RATE
GIES
TEAC
HING
AN
D LE
ARNI
NG
RESO
URCE
SAS
SESS
MEN
TES
TIM
ATED
NU
MBE
ROF
PERI
ODS
b) ex
plain
the ef
fects
of su
bstit
uents
on ra
tes an
d ori
entat
ion;
i) Te
ache
r to e
xplai
n fac
tors w
hich
activ
ate or
deac
tivate
the b
enze
ne
ring,
and f
actor
s whic
h dete
rmine
the
orien
tation
of su
bstitu
tion i
n the
benz
ene r
ing.
ii) S
tuden
ts to
expla
in the
effec
t of
subs
tituti
on in
rates
and
orien
tation
s (po
sition
s) for
fur
ther s
ubsti
tution
s for
the
follow
ing gr
oups
: X (h
aloge
ns),
OH, -
R, N
O 2, -CO
OH, -
SO3H,
-C
HO, -
CONH
2.iii
) Tea
cher
shou
ld lea
d a di
scussi
on
on in
ducti
ve an
d meso
meric
eff
ects
in rea
ction
s.
• W
all ch
arts s
howi
ng
chem
ical r
eacti
ons o
f su
bstie
nt gro
ups o
n the
po
sition
of be
nzen
e rin
g.•
Wall
chart
show
ing
group
s whic
h acti
vate
and d
eacti
vate
benz
ene
ring.
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
expla
in the
effec
ts of
subs
titue
nt gro
ups o
nthe
rate
of rea
ction
?
c) ex
plain
direc
tive
influe
nces
in dis
ubsti
tuted
be
nzen
e.
i) Te
ache
r to e
xplai
n the
direc
tive
influe
nces
in dis
ubsti
tuted
benz
enes
(rules
invo
lved).
ii) St
uden
ts to
expla
in so
me re
actio
ns
of dis
ubsti
tuted
benz
ene.
Chart
s sho
wing
direc
tive
influe
nces
in dis
ubsti
tuted
be
nzen
e.
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
expla
in dir
ectiv
e infl
uenc
es in
disub
stitut
ed
bene
zene
?
11.0
HAL
OGEN
DE
RIVA
TIVE
S OF
HYDR
OCAR
BONS
11.1
Stru
cture
and
Nome
nlatur
e
By th
e end
of th
is su
b- top
ic the
stud
ent s
hould
be ab
le to:
a) de
scribe
the s
tructu
res
of ha
loalka
nes a
nd th
eir
isome
rs;
Teac
her t
o guid
e stud
ents
to wr
ite th
e str
uctur
es of
haloa
lkane
s and
their
iso
mers.
Wall
chart
s sho
wing
str
uctur
es of
haloa
lkane
s an
d the
ir iso
mers
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
descr
ibe th
e stru
ctures
of
haloa
lkane
and t
heir
isome
rs?2
34
TOPI
CS/SU
BTOP
ICS
SPEC
IFIC
OBJ
ECTI
VES
TEAC
HING
AND
LEA
RNIN
G ST
RATE
GIES
TEAC
HING
AN
D LE
ARNI
NG
RESO
URCE
SAS
SESS
MEN
TES
TIM
ATED
NU
MBE
ROF
PERI
ODS
b) na
me ha
loalka
nes a
nd th
eir
isome
rs;i)
Stude
nts in
small
grou
ps to
discu
ss ho
w to
name
haloa
lkane
s usin
g IU
PAC
syste
mii)
Stud
ents
to na
me ha
loaka
nes u
sing
IUPA
C sy
stem
Wall
chart
show
ing th
e na
mes o
f halo
alkan
esIs
the st
uden
t able
tona
me ha
loalka
nes a
nd
their
isome
rs?
11.2
Prep
aratio
n of
Haloa
lkane
sBy
the e
nd of
this
sub-
topic
the st
uden
t sho
uld be
able
to:a)
descr
ibe di
fferen
t meth
ods
of pre
parin
g halo
alkan
es
i) Te
ache
r to l
ead a
discu
ssion
on
the m
ethod
s of p
repari
ng th
e ha
loaka
nes
ii) St
uden
ts in
small
grou
ps to
writ
e the
chem
ical r
eacti
ons i
nvolv
ing
the pr
epara
tions
of ha
loalka
nes
Wall
chart
s sho
wing
ch
emica
l rea
ction
s inv
olving
prep
aratio
ns of
ha
loalka
nes
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
descr
ibe di
fferen
t meth
ods
of pre
parin
g halo
alkan
es?
4
b) de
scribe
the p
olarit
y of
carbo
n halo
gen b
ond
Teac
her t
o lea
d a di
scussi
on on
the
polar
ity of
carbo
n halo
gen b
ond.
Wall
chart
s sho
wing
the
polar
ity of
carbo
n halo
gen
bond
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
descr
ibe th
e pola
rity o
f ca
rbon h
aloge
n bon
d?
11.3
Che
mica
l Prop
erties
By th
e end
of th
is su
b- top
ic the
stud
ent s
hould
be ab
le to:
a) de
scribe
the n
ucleo
philic
su
bstitu
tion r
eacti
ons o
f ha
loalka
nes
i) Stu
dents
to na
me th
e nuc
leoph
ilic
reage
ntsii)
Teac
her t
o guid
e stud
ents
to dis
cuss
the nu
cleop
hilic
subs
tituti
on
reacti
ons o
f halo
alkan
es.iii
) Stud
ents
to wr
ite th
e che
mica
l rea
ction
s inv
olving
nucle
ophil
ic su
bstit
ution
of ha
loalka
nes
• OH
-
• RO
-
• CN
-
• Li
[AlH
4]•
NH3
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
descr
ibe th
e nuc
leoph
illic
subs
tituti
on re
actio
ns of
ha
loalka
nes?
4
35
TOPI
CS/SU
BTOP
ICS
SPEC
IFIC
OBJ
ECTI
VES
TEAC
HING
AND
LEA
RNIN
G ST
RATE
GIES
TEAC
HING
AN
D LE
ARNI
NG
RESO
URCE
SAS
SESS
MEN
TES
TIM
ATED
NU
MBE
ROF
PERI
ODS
b) de
scribe
the
elimi
natio
n rea
ction
s in
haloa
lkane
s
i) Te
ache
r to l
ead a
discu
ssion
on
the e
limina
tion r
eacti
ons i
n ha
loalka
nes.
ii) St
uden
ts to
write
the c
hemi
cal
reacti
ons i
nvolv
ing el
imina
tion
reacti
ons i
n halo
alkan
es
Wall
chart
s sho
wing
eli
mina
tion r
eacti
ons o
f ha
loalka
nes
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
descr
ibe th
e elim
inatio
n rea
ction
s in h
aloalk
anes?
c) sh
ow th
e inte
rconv
ertibi
lity
reacti
ons
i) Te
ache
r to g
uide s
tuden
ts to
discu
ss ho
w alk
anes,
alke
nes a
nd
alkyn
e sca
n be c
onve
rted t
o alky
l ha
lides
and v
ice ve
rsa.
ii) T
each
er to
lead a
discu
ssion
on
how
vario
us co
nvers
ions c
an
occu
r thro
ugh G
rigna
rd rea
gent.
iii) S
tuden
ts to
do va
rious
conv
ersion
s
Wall
chart
s sho
wing
the
inter
conv
ertibi
lity
reacti
ons
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
show
the in
terco
nvert
ibility
rea
ction
s?
11.4
Uses
and H
azard
s of
Haloa
lkane
sBy
the e
nd of
this
sub-t
opic
the
stude
nt sh
ould
be ab
le to:
a) de
scribe
the u
ses of
ha
loalka
nes;
Teac
her t
o guid
e stud
ents
to dis
cuss
the us
es of
haloh
ydroc
arbon
si)
as so
lvents
ii)
as i
nsec
ticide
siii
) in s
ythen
sis of
polym
ers
Wall
chart
show
ing th
e us
es of
haloa
lkane
sIs
the st
uden
t able
tode
scribe
the u
ses of
ha
loalka
nes?
2
36
TOPI
CS/SU
BTOP
ICS
SPEC
IFIC
OBJ
ECTI
VES
TEAC
HING
AND
LEA
RNIN
G ST
RATE
GIES
TEAC
HING
AN
D LE
ARNI
NG
RESO
URCE
SAS
SESS
MEN
TES
TIM
ATED
NU
MBE
ROF
PERI
ODS
b) de
scribe
the h
azard
s of
haloa
lkane
s.i)
Teac
her t
o lea
d a di
scussi
on on
ha
zards
of ha
lohyd
rocarb
ons w
hich
includ
e:•
Dama
ge of
liver
and c
auses
of
canc
er du
e to c
hlorin
ated
hydro
carbo
ns an
d chlo
rofluo
ro ca
rbons
• Oz
one l
ayer
destr
uctio
n•
Envir
onme
ntal p
olluti
onii)
Teac
her a
nd st
uden
ts to
visit t
he
neare
st he
alth c
entre
for m
ore
inform
ation
iii) T
each
er an
d stud
ents
to vis
it the
lan
d poll
uted b
y halo
hydo
rcarbo
nsiv)
Stud
ents
unde
r tea
chers
guide
to
sugg
est w
ays o
f rec
tifyin
g the
land
po
lluted
by hy
droca
rbons
• Pic
tures
• W
all ch
arts
show
ing•
Chem
ical r
eacti
on of
Oz
one l
ayer
destr
uctio
n by
haloa
lkane
s
Way
s of r
ectif
ying
the la
nd p
ollute
d by
haloh
ydorc
arbon
s
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
descr
ibe th
e haz
ards o
f ha
loalka
nes?
12.0
HYD
OXYL
CO
MPO
UNDS
12.1
Stru
cture
and
Nome
nclat
ure
By th
e end
of th
is su
b- top
ic the
stud
ent s
hould
be ab
le to:
a) de
scribe
the s
tructu
re of
alcoh
ols an
d phe
nols.
i) Te
ache
r to g
uide s
tuden
ts to
write
the
struc
tures
of alc
ohols
, phe
nols
and t
heir
isome
rs.ii)
Stud
ents
to wr
ite th
e stru
ctures
of
alcoh
ols an
d phe
nols.
Atom
ic mo
dels
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
de
scribe
the s
tructu
re of
alcoh
ols an
d phe
nols?
2
37
TOPI
CS/SU
BTOP
ICS
SPEC
IFIC
OBJ
ECTI
VES
TEAC
HING
AND
LEA
RNIN
G ST
RATE
GIES
TEAC
HING
AN
D LE
ARNI
NG
RESO
URCE
SAS
SESS
MEN
TES
TIM
ATED
NU
MBE
ROF
PERI
ODS
b) na
me al
coho
ls an
d ph
enols
;i)
Teac
her t
o lea
d a di
scussi
on on
how
to na
me al
coho
ls an
d phe
nols
using
IU
PAC
syste
m.ii)
Stud
ents
to na
me al
coho
ls an
d ph
enols
acco
rding
to IU
PAC
syste
m.
Wall
chart
show
ing na
mes
of alc
ohols
and p
heno
lsIs
the st
uden
t able
to na
me
alcoh
ols an
d phe
nols?
c) cla
ssify
alcoh
olsi)
Teac
her to
guide
stude
nts to
classi
fy alc
ohols
into
prima
ry, s
econ
dary
and t
ertiar
y alco
hols.
ii) St
uden
ts to
distin
guish
prim
ary,
secon
dary
and t
ertiar
y alco
hols.
Wall c
hart s
howi
ng cl
asses
of alc
ohols
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
cla
ssify
alcoh
ols?
12.2
Prep
aratio
n of
Hydro
xyl C
ompo
unds
By th
e end
of th
is su
b- top
ic the
stud
ent s
hould
be ab
le to:
a) ex
plain
the sy
nthesi
s of
hydro
xyl c
ompo
unds
;
i) Te
ache
r to g
uide s
tuden
ts to
discu
ss va
rious
meth
ods o
f int
roduc
ing - O
H gro
up in
to org
anic
molec
ules.
ii) S
tuden
ts un
der t
each
er’s g
uidan
ce
to wr
ite va
rious
conv
entio
nal
metho
ds of
intro
ducin
g -OH
grou
p int
o the
orga
nic m
olecu
les.
iii) T
each
er to
guide
stud
ents
to dis
cuss
Grign
ard sy
nthesi
s of
alcoh
ols
• W
all ch
arts s
howi
ng
vario
us m
ethod
s of
introd
ucing
-OH
group
into
organ
ic mo
lecule
s.•
Textb
ooks
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
expla
in the
synth
esis o
f hy
droxy
l com
poun
ds?
2
38
TOPI
CS/SU
BTOP
ICS
SPEC
IFIC
OBJ
ECTI
VES
TEAC
HING
AND
LEA
RNIN
G ST
RATE
GIES
TEAC
HING
AN
D LE
ARNI
NG
RESO
URCE
SAS
SESS
MEN
TES
TIM
ATED
NU
MBE
ROF
PERI
ODS
iv) S
tuden
t und
er tea
cher’
s guid
ance
to
practi
ce th
e meth
od of
Grig
nard
synth
esis o
f alco
hol.
b) ex
plain
indus
trial
prepa
ration
of hy
droxy
l co
mpou
nds
i) Stu
dents
to di
scuss
how
alcoh
ols
can b
e prep
ared l
ocall
yii)
Tea
cher
to gu
ide st
uden
ts to
discu
ss ho
w me
thano
l and
etha
nol
are pr
epare
d ind
ustri
ally.
iii) S
tuden
ts un
der t
each
er’s
supe
rvisio
n to v
isit th
e nea
rby
brewe
ries a
nd ob
serve
the p
rocess
of
beer
produ
ction
and c
ollec
t inf
ormati
on re
lated
to C
hemi
stry.
Wall
chart
s sho
wing
ind
ustri
al pre
parat
ion of
me
thano
l and
etha
nol.
• Sta
rch
• W
ater
• Ye
ast
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
expla
in the
indu
strial
pre
parat
ion of
hydro
xyl
comp
ound
s?
12.3
Prop
erties
of
Hydro
xyl C
ompo
unds
By th
e end
of th
is su
b- top
ic the
stud
ent s
hould
be ab
le to:
a) ex
plain
the ph
ysica
l pro
perti
es of
hydro
xyl
comp
ound
s;
Teac
her t
o guid
e stud
ents
to di
scuss
the ph
ysica
l prop
erties
of hy
droxy
l co
mpou
nds,
includ
ingi)
Polar
ity of
O–H
bond
ii) Th
e size
of al
kyl o
r aryl
grou
p on
solub
ility
At
omic
mode
lIs
the st
uden
t able
toex
plain
the ph
ysica
l pro
perti
es of
hydro
xyl
comp
ound
s?6
39
TOPI
CS/SU
BTOP
ICS
SPEC
IFIC
OBJ
ECTI
VES
TEAC
HING
AND
LEA
RNIN
G ST
RATE
GIES
TEAC
HING
AN
D LE
ARNI
NG
RESO
URCE
SAS
SESS
MEN
TES
TIM
ATED
NU
MBE
ROF
PERI
ODS
b) de
scribe
the c
hemi
cal
prope
rties
of hy
droxy
l co
mpou
nds;
Teac
her t
o guid
e stud
ents
to dis
cuss
the ch
emica
l prop
erties
of hy
droxy
l co
mpou
nds u
nder
the fo
llowi
ng:
i) Co
mpari
son o
f acid
ity of
alc
ohols
and p
heno
l and
that
of wa
ter,
ii)
Reac
tion o
f alco
hols
with
phos
phoru
s tric
hlorid
e, ph
osph
orus p
entac
hlorid
e and
thi
onyl
chlor
ide.
iii)
Elim
inatio
n rea
ction
of
alcoh
ols,
iv) I
nter c
onve
rtibil
ity of
alka
nols,
alk
anes,
alke
nes a
nd al
kyne
s,v)
Oxida
tion r
eacti
ons.
vi) T
he di
fferen
ce be
twee
n pri
mary,
seco
ndary
and t
ertiar
y alc
ohols
,vii
) Iod
oform
reac
tion.
viii) I
odofo
rm re
actio
n in d
etecti
ng
struc
tures
of alc
ohols
ix) E
sterifi
ction
, ethe
rifica
tion a
nd
reduc
tion r
eacti
ons.
x) De
tectio
n of p
heno
ls us
ing
ferric
chlor
ide so
lution
.
• W
all ch
art sh
owing
va
rious
reac
tions
of
alcoh
ols•
pH•
Etha
nol
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
de
scribe
the c
hemi
cal
prope
rties
of hy
droxy
l co
mpou
nds?
40
TOPI
CS/SU
BTOP
ICS
SPEC
IFIC
OBJ
ECTI
VES
TEAC
HING
AND
LEA
RNIN
G ST
RATE
GIES
TEAC
HING
AN
D LE
ARNI
NG
RESO
URCE
SAS
SESS
MEN
TES
TIM
ATED
NU
MBE
ROF
PERI
ODS
xi) E
lectro
phili
c sub
stitit
ution
in
phen
ols (h
aloge
natio
n, alk
ylatio
n, ac
ylatio
n, nit
ration
and
sulph
onati
on).
xii) D
iffere
nce b
etwee
n alka
nols
and
phen
ols.
• Ph
enol
• Pr
opan
-2-ol
• Na
OH•
I 2•
FeCl
3•
Heat
sourc
ec)
distin
guish
alke
nes f
rom
phen
ols.
Teac
her t
o guid
e stud
ents
to de
scribe
the
diffe
rence
s betw
een a
lkano
ls an
d ph
enols
Phen
ol, Et
hano
l, NaO
H, I 2,
FeCl
3, Hea
t sou
rceIs
the st
uden
t able
todis
tingu
ish al
kene
s from
ph
enols
?12
.4 U
ses an
d Haz
ards o
f Hy
droxy
l Com
poun
dsBy
the e
nd of
this
sub-t
opic
the
stude
nt sh
ould
be ab
le to:
a) giv
e the
uses
of hy
droxy
l co
mpou
nds;
Teac
her t
o guid
e stud
ents
to dis
cuss
the us
es of
alcoh
ols an
d phe
nols.
Wall
chart
show
ing
the us
es of
hydro
xyl
comp
ound
s
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
give u
ses of
hydro
xyl
comp
ound
s?
2b)
descr
ibe ha
zards
of hy
droxy
l co
mpou
nds.
Teac
her s
hould
lead
stud
ents
to dis
cuss
the ha
zards
of al
coho
ls an
d ph
enols
.
Wall
chart
s sho
wing
the
haza
rds of
hydro
xyl
comp
ound
s
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
de
scribe
haza
rds of
hy
droxy
l com
poun
ds?
13.0
CAR
BONY
L CO
MPO
UNDS
13.1
Stru
cture
and
Nome
nclat
ure
By th
e end
of th
is su
b- top
ic the
stud
ent s
hould
be ab
le to:
a) de
scribe
the c
arbon
yl co
mpou
nds;
Teac
her s
hould
lead
stud
ents
to de
scribe
the c
arbon
yl co
mpou
nds i
.e the
func
tiona
l grou
ps –C
HO an
d CO.
Wall
chart
s sho
wing
ca
rbony
l com
poun
dsIs
the st
uden
t able
to
descr
ibe ca
rbony
l co
mpou
nds?
2b)
name
carbo
nyl
comp
ound
s.i)
Teac
her t
o exp
lain t
he ru
les
gove
rning
the I
UPAC
syste
m of
nami
ng ca
rbony
l com
poun
ds.
Wall
chart
s sho
wing
na
mes o
f carb
onyl
comp
ound
s
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
name
ca
rbony
l com
poun
ds?
41
TOPI
CS/SU
BTOP
ICS
SPEC
IFIC
OBJ
ECTI
VES
TEAC
HING
AND
LEA
RNIN
G ST
RATE
GIES
TEAC
HING
AN
D LE
ARNI
NG
RESO
URCE
SAS
SESS
MEN
TES
TIM
ATED
NU
MBE
ROF
PERI
ODS
ii) St
uden
ts to
name
carbo
nyl
comp
ound
s and
their
isom
ers up
to fiv
e carb
on at
oms (
name
simp
le aro
matic
carbo
nyl c
ompo
unds
).13
.2 P
repara
tion o
f Ca
rbony
l Com
poun
dsBy
the e
nd of
this
sub-
topic
the st
uden
t sho
uld be
able
to:a)
expla
in the
prep
aratio
n me
thods
of al
dehy
des;
Teac
her t
o guid
e stud
ents
in ex
plaini
ng m
ethod
s of p
repari
ng
aldeh
ydes
e.g. o
xidati
on of
alco
hols
(prim
ary) a
nd re
ducti
on of
carbo
xylic
ac
id s
• M
ethan
ol•
K 2Cr2O 7
• H
2SO4
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
ex
plain
prepa
ration
me
thods
of al
dehy
des?
2b)
expla
in the
prep
aratio
n me
thods
of ke
tones.
Teac
her t
o lea
d stud
ents
in ex
plaini
ng
metho
ds of
prep
aring
keton
es e.g
. ox
idatio
n of a
lcoho
ls (se
cond
ary) a
nd
Fried
el – C
raft a
cylat
ion.
Wall
chart
s sho
wing
me
thods
of pr
epari
ng
keton
es
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
ex
plain
prepa
ration
me
thods
of ke
tones?
13.3
Prop
erties
of C
arbon
yl Co
mpou
nds.
By th
e end
of th
is su
b- top
ic the
stud
ent s
hould
be ab
le to:
a) de
scribe
the p
hysic
al pro
perti
es of
carbo
nyl
comp
ound
s;
i) Te
ache
r to e
xplai
n the
polar
ity of
the
C= O
bond
of th
e carb
onyl
group
ii)
Stud
ents
to pre
dict th
e effe
ct of
polar
ity to
the p
hysic
al pro
perti
es (m
.p, b.
p. an
d solu
bility
).
Wall
chart
s sho
wing
the
table
of m.
p, b.p
and
solub
ility
of ald
ehyd
es an
d ke
tones
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
de
scribe
the p
hysic
al pro
perti
es of
carbo
nyl
comp
ound
s?
2
b) ex
plain
the ch
emica
l rea
ction
s of c
arbon
yl co
mpou
nds.
i) Te
ache
r sho
uld le
ad st
uden
ts to
identi
fy ald
ehyd
es fro
m ke
tones.
• W
all ch
arts s
howi
ng
vario
us ch
emica
l rea
ction
s of a
ldehy
des
and k
etone
s
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
ex
plain
the ch
emica
l rea
ction
s of c
arbon
yl co
mpou
nds?
42
TOPI
CS/SU
BTOP
ICS
SPEC
IFIC
OBJ
ECTI
VES
TEAC
HING
AND
LEA
RNIN
G ST
RATE
GIES
TEAC
HING
AN
D LE
ARNI
NG
RESO
URCE
SAS
SESS
MEN
TES
TIM
ATED
NU
MBE
ROF
PERI
ODS
ii) Te
ache
r to g
uide s
tuden
ts in
expla
natio
n of c
hemi
cal r
eacti
ons
of ald
ehyd
es an
d keto
nes t
o inc
lude n
ucleo
phili
c add
ition
, rea
ction
s of t
he al
kyl g
roup
adjac
ent to
carbo
nyl c
arbon
atom
an
d red
ox re
actio
ns
• M
ethan
al•
Prop
anon
e•
Bene
dict’s
solut
ion•
Tolle
n’s re
agen
t•
Test
tubes
13.4
Uses
and H
azard
s of
Carbo
nyl C
ompo
unds.
By th
e end
of th
is su
b- top
ic the
stud
ent s
hould
be ab
le to:
a) ex
plain
uses
of ca
rbony
l co
mpou
nds;
Teac
her t
o guid
e stud
ents
to dis
cuss
the us
es of
carbo
nyl c
ompo
unds
.W
all ch
arts s
howi
ng us
es of
carbo
nyl c
ompo
unds
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
ex
plain
uses
of ca
rbony
l co
mpou
nds?
2b)
expla
in ha
zards
of ca
rbony
l co
mpou
nds.
Teac
her t
o guid
e stud
ents
to dis
cuss
the ha
zards
of ca
rbony
l com
poun
ds.
Wall
chart
s sho
wing
ha
zards
of ca
rbony
l co
mpou
nds
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
ex
plain
haza
rds of
ca
rbony
l com
poun
ds
14.0
CAR
BOXY
LIC
ACID
S AND
DE
RIVA
TIVE
S
14.1
Carb
oxyli
c Acid
s
By th
e end
of th
is su
b- top
ic the
stud
ent s
hould
be ab
le to:
a) na
me ca
rboxy
lic ac
ids us
ing
IUPA
C sy
stem;
Teac
her s
hould
guide
stud
ents
to na
me ca
rboxy
lic ac
ids us
ing IU
PAC
syste
m.
Wall
chart
show
ing na
mes
of ca
rboxy
lic ac
idsIs
the st
uden
t able
to na
me
carbo
xylic
acids
using
IU
PAC
syste
m?
6b)
descr
ibe th
e carb
oxyl
group
in
carbo
xylic
acids
;Te
ache
r sho
uld le
ad st
uden
ts to
discu
ss ab
out th
e reso
nanc
e in t
he
carbo
xyl f
uncti
onal
group
.
• Ac
etic a
cid•
Oxali
c acid
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
de
scribe
the c
arbox
yl gro
up in
carbo
xylic
acids
?
43
TOPI
CS/SU
BTOP
ICS
SPEC
IFIC
OBJ
ECTI
VES
TEAC
HING
AND
LEA
RNIN
G ST
RATE
GIES
TEAC
HING
AN
D LE
ARNI
NG
RESO
URCE
SAS
SESS
MEN
TES
TIM
ATED
NU
MBE
ROF
PERI
ODS
c) ex
plain
prepa
ration
meth
ods
of ca
rboxy
lic ac
ids;
Stud
ents
to pre
pare
ethan
oic ac
id in
the la
borat
ory.
• E
thano
l•
K 2Cr2O 7
• Di
l.HCl
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
expla
in pre
parat
ion
metho
ds of
carbo
xylic
ac
ids?
d) ex
plain
prope
rties
of ca
rboxy
lic ac
ids;
i) Te
ache
r to g
uide s
tuden
ts to
discu
ss the
prop
erties
of ca
rboxy
lic
acids
ii) St
uden
ts to
discu
ss the
contr
ibutio
n of
hydro
gen b
ondin
g in t
he ph
ysica
l pro
perti
es of
carbo
xylic
acids
• Ac
etic a
cid•
Oxali
c acid
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
expla
in pro
perti
es of
carbo
xylic
acids
?
e) ex
plain
uses
and h
azard
s of
carbo
xylic
acids
.St
uden
ts in
small
grou
ps to
discu
ss the
uses
and h
azard
s of c
arbox
ylic
acids
.
Wall
chart
s sho
wing
uses
and h
azard
s of c
arbox
ylic
acids
.
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
expla
in us
es an
d haz
ards
of ca
rboxy
lic ac
ids?
14.2
Este
rsBy
the e
nd of
this
sub-
topic
the
stude
nt sh
ould
be ab
le to:
a) na
me es
ters;
Teac
her t
o guid
e stud
ents
to na
me
esters
acco
rding
to IU
PAC
syste
m.W
all ch
arts s
howi
ng na
me
of est
ersIs
the st
uden
t able
tona
me es
ters?
4
b) de
scribe
ester
s;Te
ache
r sho
uld le
ad st
uden
ts in
thedis
cussi
on ab
out th
e reso
nanc
e and
de
locali
zatio
n of c
arbox
ylate
group
.
Ethy
lmeth
anoa
teIs
the st
uden
t able
tode
scribe
ester
s?
c) ex
plain
the pr
opert
ies of
est
ers;
Stude
nts un
der t
each
ers gu
ide to
dis
cuss
the ch
emica
l prop
erties
of
ester
includ
ing hy
drolys
is,tra
ns
esteri
ficati
on, a
lcoho
lysis,
Wallc
harts
show
ing va
rious
ch
emica
l prop
erties
of
esters
Is the
stud
ent a
bleto
expla
in the
prop
erties
of est
ers?
44
TOPI
CS/SU
BTOP
ICS
SPEC
IFIC
OBJ
ECTI
VES
TEAC
HING
AND
LEA
RNIN
G ST
RATE
GIES
TEAC
HING
AN
D LE
ARNI
NG
RESO
URCE
SAS
SESS
MEN
TES
TIM
ATED
NU
MBE
ROF
PERI
ODS
reduc
tion w
ith Li
AlH 4
and r
eacti
on
with
Grign
ard re
agen
t.
d) ex
plain
the us
es of
esters
.St
uden
ts to
discu
ss the
uses
of est
ers as
orga
nic so
lvents
and i
n the
ma
nufac
ture o
f soa
p.
Wall
chart
s sho
wing
uses
of est
ersIs
the st
uden
t able
toex
plain
the us
es of
esters
?
45
FORM VI
General CompetencesBy the end of the Form VI Chemistry course, students should have the ability to:
1. apply mathematical principles to understand qualitative and quantitative chemical processes;
2. use Chemistry knowledge and skills to solve social and environmental problems;3. apply the principles of science and technology to carry out scientific investigations
and analysis; 4. carry out investigations on organic compounds and their uses in everyday life;5. use soil kits to study the properties of soils and propose proper remedial measures.
General ObjectivesBy the end of the Form VI Chemistry course, students should be able to:
a) explain how the factors of concentration, pressure, energy and catalyst affect the rate of Chemical reactions;
b) maximize the formation of products in equilibrium reactions;c) compare and contrast different methods for the extraction of elements from their
natural sources;d) describe the nature and the principles involved in the aquatic, terrestrial and aerial
pollution;e) use scientific knowledge and skills to study the chemical nature and properties of
soils;f) describe the major principles of Organic Chemistry;
46
TOPI
CS/SU
BTOP
ICS
SPEC
IFIC
OBJ
ECTI
VES
TEAC
HING
AND
LEAR
NING
ST
RATE
GIES
TEAC
HING
AN
D LE
ARNI
NG
RESO
URCE
SAS
SESS
MEN
TES
TIM
ATED
NU
MBE
R OF
PE
RIOD
S1.0
CHE
MIC
AL
EQUI
ILIB
RIUM
1.1 R
evers
ible R
eacti
ons
By th
e end
of th
is su
b- top
ic the
stud
ent s
hould
be ab
le to:
a) ex
plain
the co
ncep
t of
revers
ible r
eacti
ons a
nd
dyna
mic e
quilib
rium;
i) Te
ache
r to g
uide s
tuden
ts to
discu
ss the
princ
iples
of rev
ersibl
e rea
ction
s and
dyna
mic
equil
ibrium
.ii)
Stud
ents
to de
mons
trate
revers
ible
reacti
on by
addin
g dilu
te HC
l on
BiCl
3.iii
) Stud
ents
to dra
w en
ergy d
iagram
to
show
there
actio
n path
way
s for
reve
rsible
and i
rreve
rsible
rea
ction
s.
• En
ergy l
evel
diag
ram of
rev
ersibl
e rea
ction
•
Dil.H
Cl
• Bi
Cl3
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
ex
plain
the co
ncep
t of
revers
ible r
eacti
ons a
nd
dyna
mic e
quili
brium
?
2
b) de
scribe
the l
aw of
Mass
Ac
tion.
Teac
her s
hould
lead
stud
ents
to de
rive t
he eq
uilibr
ium L
aw, a
lso
know
n as t
he L
aw of
Mass
Acti
on,
from
an eq
uilibr
ium re
actio
n and
its
balan
ced e
quati
on
• Et
hano
l•
Etha
noic
acid
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
de
scribe
the l
aw of
Mass
Ac
tion?
1.2 E
quilib
rium
Cons
tant
By th
e end
of th
is su
b- top
ic the
stu
dent
shou
ld be
able
to:a)
expla
in the
conc
ept o
f eq
uilibr
ium co
nstan
t in te
rms
of co
ncen
tratio
ns, K
c, an
d pa
rtial
pressu
res, K
p.
Teac
her t
o guid
e stud
ents
to dis
cuss
equil
ibrium
cons
tant in
term
s of
conc
entra
tion,
Kc an
d part
ial
pressu
res, K
p
• Ch
arts s
howi
ng re
actio
n be
twee
n H2 an
d I2
• Ch
arts s
howi
ng
deco
mpos
ing
N 2O 4
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
ex
plain
the co
ncep
t of
equil
ibrium
cons
tant in
ter
ms of
Kc a
nd K
p?
4
b) de
rive e
quili
brium
co
nstan
ts, K
c and K
p
Stud
ents
to de
rive e
xpres
sions
for
K c and K
p from
first
princ
iples,
and
estab
lish t
heir
relati
onsh
ips.
• N 2O4
• H 2
• I 2
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
de
rive e
quili
brium
co
nstan
ts Kc
and K
p?
47
TOPI
CS/SU
BTOP
ICS
SPEC
IFIC
OBJ
ECTI
VES
TEAC
HING
AND
LEAR
NING
ST
RATE
GIES
TEAC
HING
AN
D LE
ARNI
NG
RESO
URCE
SAS
SESS
MEN
TES
TIM
ATED
NU
MBE
R OF
PE
RIOD
Sc)
use e
quili
brium
cons
tants
to de
termi
ne th
e qua
ntitie
s of
reacti
ng su
bstan
ces a
nd th
eir
produ
cts.
Stud
ents
to ca
rry ou
t exp
erime
nts on
the
use o
f equ
ilibri
um co
nstan
t to fin
d ou
t the e
quili
brium
conc
entra
tions
of
reacta
nts an
d prod
ucts
in an
eq
uilibr
ium re
actio
n.
• Et
hano
l•
Etha
noic
acid
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
use
equil
ibrium
cons
tants
to de
termi
ne th
e qua
ntitie
s of
reacti
ng su
bstan
ces a
nd
their
produ
cts.
1.3 F
actor
s Affe
cting
Ch
emica
l Equ
ilibium
By th
e end
of th
is su
b-top
ic the
stu
dent
shou
ld be
able
to:
a) Ex
plain
the m
eanin
g of
Le C
hatel
ier’s
Princ
iple t
o ind
ustri
al pro
cesse
s
Teac
her s
hould
lead
stud
ents
to dis
cuss
the m
eanin
g of i
ndus
trial
signifi
canc
e of t
he L
e Che
telier
’s Pr
incipl
e
Diag
rams s
howi
ng H
arber
proce
ss an
d Con
tact
proce
ss
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
ex
plain
Le C
hatel
ier’s
Princ
iple t
o ind
ustri
al pro
cesse
s?
4
b) ex
plain
how
differ
ent f
actor
s aff
ect th
e pos
ition
of a
chem
ical e
quili
brium
;
Stud
ents
to dis
cuss
in sm
all gr
oups
ho
w the
posit
ion of
chem
ical
equil
ibrium
can b
e affe
cted b
y: i)
Temp
eratur
e ii)
Pres
sure
iii) C
once
ntrati
on
iv) C
atalys
t.
• Pla
tinum
• So
urce o
f hea
t•
Pictur
es•
Diag
rams
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
ex
plain
how
differ
ent
factor
s affe
ct the
posit
ion
of ch
emica
l equ
ilibri
um?
c) ap
ply th
e Le C
hatel
ier’s
princ
iple t
o ind
ustri
al pro
cesse
s.
Stud
ents
to dis
cuss
the in
dustr
ial
appli
catio
n of t
he L
e Cha
telier
’s Pr
incipl
e in t
he fo
llowi
ng in
dustr
ial
proce
sses
i) Ha
ber p
rocess
for t
he sy
nthesi
s of
ammo
nia;
• NH
3
• H 2SO
4
• Di
agram
s•
Pictur
es
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
apply
Le
Cha
telier
’s pri
ncipl
e to
indus
trial
proce
sses?
48
TOPI
CS/SU
BTOP
ICS
SPEC
IFIC
OBJ
ECTI
VES
TEAC
HING
AND
LEA
RNIN
G ST
RATE
GIES
TEAC
HING
AN
D LE
ARNI
NG
RESO
URCE
SAS
SESS
MEN
TES
TIM
ATED
NU
MBE
R OF
PE
RIOD
Sii)
Conta
ct pro
cess
for th
e syn
thesis
of
sulph
ur tri
oxide
, whic
h is
used
to pr
oduc
e sulp
huric
acid.
2.0 C
HEM
ICAL
KI
NETI
CS
2.1 F
actor
s Affe
cting
the
Rate
of a C
hemi
cal
Reac
tion
By th
e end
of th
is su
b- top
ic the
stu
dent
shou
ld be
able
to:a)
expla
in ho
wa ch
emica
l rea
ction
may
be af
fected
by
differ
ent f
actor
s;
Teac
her t
o guid
e stud
ents
to dis
cusso
n how
the f
ollow
ing fa
ctors
affec
t the r
ate of
a ch
emica
l rea
ction
:i)
Conc
entra
tion
ii) T
empe
rature
iii) P
ressu
reiv)
Cata
lyst
v) Ph
ysica
l stat
e of a
ggreg
ation
vi) L
ight
• M
nO2
• K
MnO
4
• He
at so
urce
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
ex
plain
factor
s whic
h aff
ect th
e rate
of a
chem
ical r
eacti
on?
6b)
expla
in the
kine
tic na
ture o
f rea
cting
subs
tance
s;St
uden
ts to
discu
ss the
kine
tic
beha
viour
of so
lid, li
quid
and
gaseo
us su
bstan
ces a
t diff
erent
tempe
rature
cond
ition
s.
• M
arble
Chips
• Po
wdere
d calc
ium
carbo
nate
• HC
l and
NH 3
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
expla
in the
Kine
tic na
ture
of rea
cting
subs
tance
s?
c) us
e Arrh
enius
equa
tion t
o de
termi
ne ac
tivati
on en
ergy
Ea, a
nd ra
te co
nstan
t.
Teac
her t
o lea
d stud
ents
to de
mons
trate
expe
rimen
tally
the ap
plica
tion o
f the
Ar
rheniu
s equ
ation
to fin
d acti
vatio
n en
ergy,
E a, a
nd th
e rate
cons
tant o
f a
chem
ical r
eacti
on, K
.
• Gl
asswa
re•
HI•
KMnO
4
• H 2C 2O 4
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
use A
rheniu
s equ
ation
to
deter
mine
activ
ation
energ
y, Ea
, and
rate
cons
tant.
49
TOPI
CS/SU
BTOP
ICS
SPEC
IFIC
OBJ
ECTI
VES
TEAC
HING
AND
LEA
RNIN
G ST
RATE
GIES
TEAC
HING
AN
D LE
ARNI
NG
RESO
URCE
SAS
SESS
MEN
TES
TIM
ATED
NU
MBE
R OF
PE
RIOD
S2.2
Orde
r of R
eacti
onBy
the e
nd of
this
sub-
topic
the st
uden
t sho
uld be
able
to: a) ex
plain
the co
ncep
t of o
rder
of rea
ction
;
i) Te
ache
r to g
uide s
tuden
ts to
discu
ss the
conc
ept o
f orde
r of
reacti
onii)
Stud
ents
to dif
feren
tiate
the
conc
epts
of mo
lecula
rity a
nd or
der
of a c
hemi
cal r
eacti
on.
• Gl
asswa
re•
H 2SO4
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
expla
in the
conc
ept o
f ord
er of
reacti
on?
6
b) rel
ate th
e rate
deter
minin
g ste
p to t
he or
der o
f rea
ction
;
Stud
ents
to dis
cuss
the re
lation
ship
betw
een t
he or
der o
f a re
actio
n and
its
rate d
eterm
ining
step
.
• H 2O 2
• N 2O 5
• Wa
ll cha
rt•
Pictur
es
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
relate
the r
ate de
termi
ne
step t
o the
orde
r of
reacti
on?
c) de
scribe
the m
echa
nism
of a r
eacti
on in
relat
ion to
its
molec
ularit
y;
Teac
her t
o guid
e stud
ents
to de
rive t
herel
ation
ship
betw
een t
he m
echa
nism
of a r
eacti
on an
d its
molec
ularit
y.
• HI
• Na
2S 2O 3
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
descr
ibe m
echa
nism
ofa r
eacti
on in
relat
ion to
its m
olecu
larity
.
d) de
rive e
xpres
sions
for 1
st an
d 2nd
order
reacti
ons;
Stude
nts to
demo
nstra
te ex
perim
ental
lyho
w to
deriv
e exp
ressio
n for
the fir
st an
d sec
ond o
rder r
eacti
ons.
• H
2O 2
• NO
2
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
deriv
e ex
pressi
ons f
or 1st an
d 2nd
order
reacti
ons?
e) de
termi
ne 1s
t and
2nd
orde
r rea
ction
s ex
perim
ental
ly.
Stud
ents
to en
gage
the i
ntegra
ted ra
te law
to de
rive e
xpres
sions
for t
he 1st
and 2
nd ord
er rea
ction
s.
• Na
2SO2
• HC
l•
Stop w
atch
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
de
termi
ne 1s
t and
2nd
order
reacti
ons
expe
rimen
tally?
50
TOPI
CS/SU
BTOP
ICS
SPEC
IFIC
OBJ
ECTI
VES
TEAC
HING
AND
LEAR
NING
ST
RATE
GIES
TEAC
HING
AND
LE
ARNI
NG
RESO
URCE
SAS
SESS
MEN
TES
TIM
ATED
NU
MBE
R OF
PE
RIOD
S3.0
ELE
CTRO
CH
EMIS
TRY
3.1 O
xidati
on an
d Re
ducti
on
By th
e end
of th
is su
b- top
ic the
stud
ent s
hould
be ab
le to:
a) dif
feren
tiate
oxida
tion a
nd
reduc
tion
reacti
ons;
i) Te
ache
r to g
uide s
tuden
ts to
discu
ss the
conc
epts
of ox
idatio
n an
d red
uctio
n in t
erms o
f elec
tron
trans
fer an
d cha
nge o
f oxid
ation
sta
te in
reacti
ons.
ii) St
uden
ts to
give v
aried
exam
ples o
f ox
idatio
n and
redu
ction
reac
tions
.
• Ru
sted i
ron
• Fe
Cl2
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
dif
feren
tiate
oxida
tion a
nd
reduc
tion r
eacti
on?
10
b) ba
lance
oxida
tion
and r
educ
tion h
alf
reacti
ons;
Stud
ents
to wr
ite m
olecu
lar an
d ion
ic ba
lance
d rea
ction
equa
tions
for
the f
ollow
ing ch
emica
l rea
ction
si)
Redu
ction
of an
acidi
fied
potas
sium
perm
anga
nate
by
sodiu
m nit
rite;
ii) Re
ducti
on of
a so
lution
of so
dium
dichro
mate
with
potas
sium
bromi
de;
iii) O
xidati
on of
an ox
alic a
cid
solut
ion us
ing ac
idifie
d pota
ssium
pe
rman
gana
te;iv)
Oxid
ation
of so
dium
thios
ulpha
te fro
m in
direc
tly lib
erated
iodin
e; v)
An ac
idifie
d mixt
ure of
KI
and K
IO3 ox
idize
s sod
ium
thios
ulpha
te so
lution
.
• KI
O 3
• KM
nO4
• Na
2Cr2O 7
• H 2(C
OO) 2
• Na
2S 2O 3 . 5H 2O
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
ba
lance
oxida
tion a
nd
reduc
tion h
alf re
actio
ns?
51
TOPI
CS/ S
UB T
OPIC
SSP
ECIF
IC O
BJEC
TIVE
STE
ACHI
NG A
ND L
EARN
ING
STRA
TEGI
ES
TEAC
HING
AN
D LE
ARNI
NG
RESO
URCE
SAS
SESS
MEN
TES
TIM
ATED
NU
MBE
R OF
PE
RIOD
Sc)
perfo
rm re
dox
titrat
ions;
Stud
ents
shou
ld ca
rry ou
t prac
tical
expe
rimen
ts for
each
of th
e red
ox
reacti
ons.
• KI
• KM
nO4
• H 2C 2O 4
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
perfo
rm va
rious
redo
x tit
ration
s?
d) ex
plain
the ef
fects
of ele
ctrici
ty on
elec
trolyt
es (F
arada
y’s L
aws o
f ele
ctroly
sis);
i) Stu
dents
to de
mons
trate
expe
rimen
tally
the L
aws o
f ele
ctroly
sis by
using
meta
l and
ine
rt ele
ctrod
es;ii)
Stud
ents
to co
mpare
the q
uanti
ty of
electr
icity
supp
lied w
ith th
e am
ount
of su
bstan
ce lib
erated
du
ring e
lectro
lysis.
• M
etal e
lectro
des
• Ine
rt elec
trode
s•
CuSO
4
• HC
l•
H 2SO4
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
expla
in the
effec
ts of
electr
icity
on el
ectro
lytes?
e) ex
plain
corro
sion a
s a re
dox
reacti
on;
Stud
ents
to dis
cuss
the co
nditi
ons a
nd
the ba
lance
d ion
ic eq
uatio
ns fo
r the
co
rrosio
n of i
ron.
• Ga
lvaniz
ed ir
on•
Iron
• Ru
sted i
ron•
Pictur
es
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
expla
in co
rrosio
n as a
red
ox re
actio
n?
f) co
mpare
the m
echa
nism
of iro
n corr
osion
prote
ction
by
zinc a
nd tin
.
i) Stu
dents
to di
scuss
the co
nditio
ns
and t
he ba
lance
d ion
ic eq
uatio
ns fo
r the
prote
ction
of co
rrosio
n thro
ugh
galva
nizati
on an
d thro
ugh c
athod
ic pro
tectio
n usin
g a sa
crific
ial
anod
e;ii)
Stud
ents
shou
ld co
mpare
the
efficie
ncy o
f corr
osion
prote
ction
by
galva
nizati
on an
d by t
in co
ating
.
• Ti
n•
Zinc
• Di
agram
s•
Wall
chart
s
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
co
mpare
the m
echa
nism
of iro
n corr
osion
prote
ction
by
zinc
and t
in?
52
TOPI
CS/SU
BTOP
ICS
SPEC
IFIC
OBJ
ECTI
VES
TEAC
HING
AND
LEAR
NING
ST
RATE
GIES
TEAC
HING
AN
D LE
ARNI
NG
RESO
URCE
SAS
SESS
MEN
TES
TIM
ATED
NU
MBE
ROF
PERI
ODS
3.2 T
he N
ernst
Equa
tion
By th
e end
of th
is su
b- top
ic the
stud
ent s
hould
be ab
le to:
a) ex
plain
stand
ard el
ectro
de
poten
tials.
Teac
her s
hould
lead
stud
ents
to dis
cuss
the co
ncep
t of s
tanda
rd ele
ctrod
e pote
ntials
and t
heir
signifi
canc
e.
• W
all ch
art sh
owing
ce
lls•
Textb
ooks
• Pic
tures
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
expla
in sta
ndard
elec
trode
po
tentia
ls
6
b) ex
plain
the ef
fect o
f va
rying
elec
trolyt
e co
ncen
tratio
n on t
he em
f of
a cell
;
Stud
ents
to de
mons
trate
expe
rimen
tally
the pr
oduc
tion o
f em
f by v
arying
the c
once
ntrati
ons o
f ele
ctroly
tes.
• Cu
SO4
• Zn
Cl2
• Gu
lvano
ic ce
ll
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
expla
in the
effec
t of
varyi
ng el
ectro
lyte
conc
entra
tion o
n the
emf
of a c
ell?
c) de
termi
ne th
e emf
of a
cell b
y usin
g the
Nern
st eq
uatio
n;
Teac
her t
o guid
e stud
ents
on ho
w to
use t
he N
ernst
equa
tion t
o find
the
emf o
f a ce
ll.
• KI
• Cu
SO4
• Di
agram
show
ing D
aniel
an
d Galv
anic
cell
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
deter
mine
the e
mf of
a ce
ll by u
sing t
he N
ernst
equa
tion?
d) ca
lculat
e equ
ilibri
um
cons
tants
for re
dox
reacti
ons.
Stud
ents
to ca
lculat
e equ
ilibri
um
cons
tants
for re
dox r
eacti
ons.
• Cu
SO4
• Zn
Cl2
• KI
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
calcu
late e
quili
brium
co
nstan
ts for
redo
x rea
ction
s?
3.3 E
lectro
lytes
in So
lution
sBy
the e
nd of
this
sub-
topic
the st
uden
t sho
uld be
able
to:a)
use t
he Va
n’t H
off fa
ctor-i
, in
the ca
lculat
ion of
the
degre
e of i
oniza
tion;
Stud
ents
shou
ld de
mons
trate
expe
rimen
tally
how
to fin
d the
de
gree o
f ion
izatio
n of a
n elec
trolyt
e by
using
the V
an’t
Hoff
factor
-i, an
d ca
rry ou
t rela
ted ca
lculat
ions.
• K 4Fe
(CN)
6
• C 2H 4O 2
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
use
the V
an’t
Hoff
factor
-i,
in the
calcu
lation
of th
e de
gree o
f ion
izatio
n?4
53
TOPI
CS/SU
BTOP
ICS
SPEC
IFIC
OBJ
ECTI
VES
TEAC
HING
AND
LEAR
NING
ST
RATE
GIES
TEAC
HING
AN
D LE
ARNI
NG
RESO
URCE
SAS
SESS
MEN
TES
TIM
ATED
NU
MBE
ROF
PERI
ODS
b) de
scribe
the e
lectri
cal
cond
uctiv
ity of
solut
ions o
f ele
ctroly
tes.
i) Te
ache
r to g
uide s
tuden
ts to
discu
ss the
conc
ept a
nd pr
incipl
es of
Ostw
ald’s
diluti
on.
ii) S
tuden
ts in
small
grou
ps to
dis
cuss
spec
ific c
ondu
ctanc
e and
mo
lar co
nduc
tance
.iii
) Tea
cher
to gu
ide st
uden
ts to
descr
ibe th
e con
ducta
nce o
f wea
k an
d stro
ng el
ectro
ytes a
t infin
ite
diluti
on.
• Co
nduc
tance
bri
dges
• El
ectro
ytes
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
de
scribe
the e
lectri
cal
cond
uctiv
ity of
solut
ions
of ele
ctroly
te?
4.0 A
CIDS
, BAS
ES A
ND
SALT
S4.1
Acid
s and
Base
s
By th
e end
of th
is su
b- top
ic the
stud
ent s
hould
be ab
le to:
a) ex
plain
the A
rrhen
ius co
ncep
t of
acids
and b
ases;
Teac
her t
o guid
e stud
ents
in the
dis
cussi
on of
Arrh
enius
conc
ept o
f ac
ids an
d base
s.
• W
ater
• W
ood a
sh•
Lemo
ns•
Chart
s•
Pictur
es•
Beak
ers•
Acids
• ba
ses
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
ex
plain
the A
rrhen
ius
conc
ept o
f acid
s and
ba
ses?
2
b) ex
plain
the L
owry-
Bron
sted
conc
ept o
f acid
s and
ba
ses;
i) Stu
dents
to di
scuss
the co
njuga
te ac
id ba
se pa
irs.
ii) Te
ache
r to g
uide s
tuden
ts to
discu
ss sev
eral e
xamp
les of
co
njuga
te ac
id ba
se pa
irs ba
sed
on th
e don
ation
and a
ccep
tance
of
a prot
on.
• W
eak a
cid•
Stron
g acid
Wea
k ba
se•
Stron
g base
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
expla
in the
Low
ry-
Bron
sted c
once
pt of
acids
an
d base
s?
54
TOPI
CS/SU
BTOP
ICS
SPEC
IFIC
OBJ
ECTI
VES
TEAC
HING
AND
LEAR
NING
ST
RATE
GIES
TEAC
HING
AND
LEAR
NING
RE
SOUR
CES
ASSE
SSM
ENT
ESTI
MAT
ED
NUM
BERO
F PE
RIOD
Sc)
expla
in the
Lew
is co
ncep
t of
acids
and b
ases.
Teac
her s
hould
lead
stud
ents
to dis
cuss
the L
ewis
conc
ept o
f acid
s an
d base
s.
• Di
agram
s•
Mag
ic ma
rker
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
ex
plain
the L
ewis
conc
ept
of ac
ids an
d base
s?4.2
Ion
ic Eq
uilibr
ium of
Ac
ids an
d Base
sBy
the e
nd of
this
sub-
topic
the
stude
nt sh
ould
be ab
le to:
a) ex
plain
the io
nizati
on of
wea
k ac
ids in
wate
r, lea
ding t
o the
ac
id dis
socia
tion c
onsta
nt, K
a
i) Te
ache
r to g
uide s
tuden
ts thr
ough
gro
up di
scussi
on to
expla
in ion
izatio
n of a
wea
k acid
in
water
.ii)
Tea
cher
to lea
d stud
ents
in de
rivati
on of
acid
disso
ciatio
n co
nstan
t, Ka ,
in re
lation
to
hydro
gen i
on co
ncen
tratio
n.iii
) Stud
ents
to ca
rry ou
t calc
ulatio
ns
relate
d to K
a
Textb
ooks
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
ex
plain
the io
nizati
on
of we
ak ac
ids in
wate
r, lea
ding t
o the
acid
disso
ciatio
n con
stant,
Ka?
6b)
expla
in the
ioniz
ation
of a
weak
base
in wa
ter, le
ading
to
the ba
se dis
socia
tion c
onsta
nt,
K b
Teac
her t
o guid
e stud
ents
in dis
cussi
ng th
e ion
izatio
n of a
wea
k ba
ses in
wate
r lea
ding t
o diss
ociat
ion
cons
tant f
or a w
eak b
ase,
K b .
Textb
ooks
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
ex
plain
the io
nizati
on
of a w
eak b
ase in
wate
r, lea
ding t
o the
base
disso
ciatio
n con
stant,
Kb?
c) ca
rry ou
t calc
ulatio
ns ba
sed
on K
a and
Kb.
i) Stu
dents
to ca
rry ou
t calc
ulatio
ns
based
on K
b.
ii) Te
ache
r sum
mariz
e few
ca
lculat
ions o
n Ka a
nd K
b.
Textb
ooks
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
carry
ou
t calc
ulatio
ns ba
sed on
K a
and K
b?
55
TOPI
CS/ S
UB T
OPIC
SSP
ECIF
IC O
BJEC
TIVE
STE
ACHI
NG A
ND L
EARN
ING
STRA
TEGI
ES
TEAC
HING
AN
D LE
ARNI
NG
RESO
URCE
SAS
SESS
MEN
TES
TIM
ATED
NU
MBE
R OF
PE
RIOD
S4.3
Ion
ic Pr
oduc
t of W
ater
and p
HBy
the e
nd of
this
sub-
topic
the
stude
nt sh
ould
be ab
le to:
a) de
rive t
he ex
pressi
on fo
r Kw;
Teac
her t
o guid
e stud
ents
in the
de
rivati
on of
ionic
prod
uct o
f wate
r,K w
i.e. K
w = [
H+ ][OH- ]
Textb
ooks
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
deriv
e the
expre
ssion
for K
w?
2b)
expre
ss the
stren
gth of
a so
lution
in te
rms o
f pH
and
pOH;
Teac
her t
o sup
ervise
stud
ents
on
carry
ing ou
t calc
ulatio
ns ba
sed in
pH
and p
OH.
Note:
pKw
= pH
+ pOH
.
Diag
ram of
pH sc
aleIs
the st
uden
t able
to
expre
ss the
stren
gth of
a so
lution
in te
rms o
f pH
and
pOH?
c) ca
rry ou
t calc
ulatio
ns ba
sed
on pH
and p
OH.
Stude
nts to
carry
out c
alcula
tions
ba
sed on
pH an
d pOH
.Te
xtboo
ksIs
the st
uden
t able
to ca
rry
out c
alcula
tions
based
on
pH an
d pOH
?4.4
Buff
er So
lution
sBy
the e
nd of
this
sub-
topic
the st
uden
t sho
uld be
able
to:a)
expla
in the
conc
ept o
f a
buffe
r solu
tion;
i) Stu
dents
to br
ainsto
rm on
the
conc
ept o
f buff
er so
lution
s givi
ng
exam
ples.
ii) Te
ache
r to s
umma
rise t
he co
ncep
t of
buffe
r solu
tions
.
Aceti
c acid
/sodiu
m ac
etate
ammo
nia/am
moniu
m ch
loride
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
ex
plain
the co
ncep
t of a
bu
ffer s
olutio
n?
4b)
descr
ibe th
e prop
erties
of
buffe
r solu
tions
;Te
ache
r to g
uide s
tuden
ts in
the
discu
ssion
of pr
opert
ies of
buffe
r so
lution
.
Chart
s sho
wing
how
buffe
r work
s whe
n sma
ll am
ounts
of ba
se an
d acid
are
mixe
d.
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
de
scribe
the p
ropert
ies of
bu
ffer s
olutio
ns?
c) pre
pare
buffe
r so
lution
s;St
uden
ts un
der t
each
er’s g
uidan
ce to
pre
pare
buffe
rs fro
m we
ak ac
id an
d its
salt,
and f
rom a
weak
base
and
its sa
lt.
• Ac
etic a
cid/so
dium
aceta
te•
Ammo
nia/am
moniu
m ch
loride
.
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
pre
pare
buffe
r solu
tions
?
56
TOPI
CS/SU
BTOP
ICS
SPEC
IFIC
OBJ
ECTI
VES
TEAC
HING
AND
LEAR
NING
ST
RATE
GIES
TEAC
HING
AN
D LE
ARNI
NG
RESO
URCE
SAS
SESS
MEN
TES
TIM
ATED
NU
MBE
ROF
PERI
ODS
d) ca
rry ou
t calc
ulatio
ns ba
sed
on bu
ffer s
olutio
ns.
Teac
her t
o sup
ervise
stud
ents
carry
ing ou
t calc
ulatio
ns on
buffe
r so
lution
s.
T
extbo
oks
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
carry
ou
t calc
ulatio
ns ba
sed on
bu
ffer s
olutio
ns?
4.5 S
alt H
ydrol
ysis
By th
e end
of th
is su
b- top
ic the
stud
ent s
hould
be ab
le to:
a) ex
plain
the co
ncep
t of s
alt
hydro
lysis;
Teac
her t
o guid
e stud
ents
to dis
cuss
the co
ncep
t of s
alt hy
drolys
is.i)
Salt f
rom w
eak a
cid an
d stro
ng
base;
ii) Sa
lt from
wea
k base
and s
trong
ac
id;
iii) S
alt fr
om w
eak b
ase an
d wea
k ac
id.
• So
dium
aceta
te•
Ammo
nium
chlor
ide•
Ammo
nium
aceta
te
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
ex
plain
the co
ncep
t of s
alt
hydro
lysis?
2
b) de
scribe
the b
ehav
iour o
f sal
ts wh
en hy
drolys
ed.
Teac
her t
o guid
e stud
ents
in sh
owing
the
beha
viour
of dif
feren
t salt
s tow
ards l
itmus
whe
n hyd
rolys
ed.
• Li
tmus
pape
r•
Unive
rsal
indica
tor
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
de
scribe
the b
ehav
iour o
f sal
ts wh
en hy
drolys
ed?
5.0 S
OLUB
ILIT
Y,
SOLU
BILI
TY
PROD
UCT A
ND
IONI
C PR
ODUC
T5.1
So
lubilit
y
By th
e end
of th
is su
b-top
ic the
stud
ent s
hould
be
able
to:a)
expla
in the
conc
ept o
f so
lubilit
y;
Stud
ents
unde
r tea
chers
guida
nce
to bra
instor
m on
the c
once
pt of
solub
ility
• Ba
SO4
• Ca
CO3
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
ex
plain
the co
ncep
t of
solub
ility?
2b)
expla
in co
mmon
ion
effec
t.Te
ache
r to g
uide s
tuden
ts to
discu
ss the
conc
ept o
f com
mon i
on ef
fect a
nd
how
it affe
cts so
lubili
ty of
spari
ngly
solub
le sal
ts
• Ag
Cl•
AgNO
3
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
ex
plain
comm
on io
neff
ect?
57
TOPI
CS/SU
BTOP
ICS
SPEC
IFIC
OBJ
ECTI
VES
TEAC
HING
AND
LEAR
NING
ST
RATE
GIES
TEAC
HING
AN
D LE
ARNI
NG
RESO
URCE
SAS
SESS
MEN
TES
TIM
ATED
NU
MBE
ROF
PERI
ODS
5.2 S
olubil
ity Pr
oduc
tBy
the e
nd of
this
sub-
topic
the st
uden
t sho
uld be
ab
le to:
a) de
scribe
solub
ility p
roduc
t as
an eq
uilibr
ium co
nstan
t;
i) Stu
dents
to di
scuss
solub
ility p
roduc
t, K s
p, of
a spa
ringly
solub
le sal
t.ii)
Teac
her to
guide
stud
ents
to dis
cuss
factor
s affe
cting
solub
ility p
roduc
t, Ks
p • Hi
gh co
ncen
tratio
n•
Temp
eratur
e•
Comp
lex fo
rmati
on
• Ba
SO4
• Ag
ClIs
the st
uden
t able
to
descr
ibe so
lubili
ty pro
duct
as an
equil
ibrium
co
nstan
t?
4b)
calcu
late s
olubil
ity pr
oduc
t of
subs
tance
s;i)
Teac
her t
o guid
e stud
ents
in ca
rrying
out c
alcula
tions
relat
ed to
so
lubilit
y prod
uct o
f salt
s.ii)
Stud
ents
to ca
rry ou
t calc
ulatio
ns
relate
d to s
olubil
ity pr
oduc
t of s
alts.
Textb
ooks
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
calcu
late s
olubil
ity
produ
ct of
subs
tance
s?
c) co
mpare
solub
ility
and
solub
ility
produ
ct.i)
Stude
nts to
discu
ss the
relat
ionsh
ip be
twee
n solu
bility
and s
olubil
ity
produ
cts.
ii) Te
ache
r to s
umma
rise t
he
contr
ibutio
ns g
iven b
y stud
ents.
Wall
chart
show
ing
relati
onsh
ip be
twee
n so
lubili
ty an
d solu
bility
pro
duct.
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
co
mpare
solub
ility
and
solub
ility
produ
ct?
5.3 Io
nic Pr
oduc
tBy
the e
nd of
this
sub-
topic
the st
uden
t sho
uld be
ab
le to:
a) ex
plain
the co
ncep
t of i
onic
produ
ct;
Teac
her s
hould
lead
stud
ents
to dis
cuss
the co
ncep
t of i
onic
produ
ct,
Q.
• Na
2SO4
• Ba
(NO 3) 2
• Te
xtboo
ks
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
expla
in the
conc
eptof
ion
ic pro
duct?
4
58
TOPI
CS/SU
BTOP
ICS
SPEC
IFIC
OBJ
ECTI
VES
TEAC
HING
AND
LEA
RNIN
G ST
RATE
GIES
TEAC
HING
AN
D LE
ARNI
NG
RESO
URCE
SAS
SESS
MEN
TES
TIM
ATED
NU
MBE
R OF
PE
RIOD
Sb)
comp
are so
lubili
ty pro
duct
and i
onic
produ
ct;i)
Stude
nts to
discu
ss the
relat
ionsh
ip of
solub
ility p
roduc
t, Ksp
, and
ionic
pro
duct,
Q, fo
r spa
ringly
solub
le su
bstan
ces.
ii) Te
ache
r to s
umma
rise t
he
relati
onsh
ip be
twee
n solu
bility
pro
duct
and i
onic
produ
ct, th
at is:
• If
Ksp <
Q pp
t occ
urs•
If Ks
p > Q
no pp
t•
If Ks
p = Q
satur
ated
Chart
s sho
wing
the
relati
onsh
ip of
solub
ility
produ
ct an
d ion
ic pro
duct
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
co
mpare
solub
ility
produ
ct an
d ion
ic pro
duct?
c) ex
plain
the pr
edict
ion of
pre
cipita
tion u
sing i
onic
produ
ct an
d solu
bility
pro
duct.
i) Te
ache
r to g
uide s
tuden
ts in
the
discu
ssion
on ho
w so
lubilit
y pro
duct
and i
onic
produ
ct ca
n be
used
to ex
plain
precip
itatio
n in
quali
tative
analy
sis.
ii) Te
ache
r sho
uld le
ad a
discu
ssion
on
syste
matic
quali
tative
analy
sis by
gro
up se
parat
ion.
iii) S
tuden
ts to
carry
out s
ystem
atic
quali
tative
analy
sis by
grou
p sep
aratio
n.
Quali
tative
she
etIs
the st
uden
t able
to
expla
in the
pred
iction
of
precip
itatio
n usin
g ion
ic pro
duct
and s
olubil
ity
produ
ct?
59
TOPI
CS/ S
UB T
OPIC
SSP
ECIF
IC O
BJEC
TIVE
STE
ACHI
NG A
ND L
EARN
ING
STRA
TEGI
ES
TEAC
HING
AND
LE
ARNI
NG
RESO
URCE
SAS
SESS
MEN
TES
TIM
ATED
NU
MBE
R OF
PE
RIOD
S6.0
EX
TRAC
TION
OF
MET
ALS
6.1
Extra
ction
of M
etal b
y Th
ermal
Redu
ction
By th
e end
of th
is su
b- top
ic the
stu
dent
shou
ld be
able
to:a)
descr
ibe th
e natu
ral
occu
rrenc
e of m
etal o
res of
the
selec
ted el
emen
ts;
i) Te
ache
r to g
uide s
tuden
ts to
discu
ss the
natur
al oc
curan
ce of
me
tal or
es of
Sn, A
l and
Cu
ii) Stu
dents
to w
rite n
atural
oc
curre
nce o
f meta
l ores
of tin
, alu
miniu
m an
d cop
per.
Wall
chart
show
ing na
tural
occu
rance
of m
etal o
res of
Sn
, Al a
nd C
u.
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
de
scribe
the n
atural
oc
curre
nce o
f meta
l ore
s of t
he se
lected
ele
ments
?
6
b) de
scribe
the p
relim
inary
stage
s of o
re co
ncen
tratio
n;
Teac
her s
hould
lead
a dis
cussi
on
on th
e prel
imina
ry sta
ges o
f ore
conc
entra
tion
i) Cr
ushin
gii)
Co
ncen
tratio
n by fl
oatat
ion
iii)
Roast
ing in
air.
• W
all ch
art sh
owing
pre
limina
ry sta
ges o
f ore
conc
entra
tion
• Pic
tures
Is the
stud
ent a
ble
to de
scribe
the
prelim
inary
stage
s of
are co
ncen
tratio
n?
c) ex
plain
the m
echa
nism
of the
rmal
reduc
tion;
Teac
her t
o guid
e stud
ents
to dis
cuss
the m
echa
nisms
of th
ermal
reduc
tion.
Textb
ooks
Is the
stud
ent a
ble
to ex
plain
the
mech
anism
of th
ermal
reduc
tion?
d) de
scribe
the c
hemi
cal
reacti
ons i
nvolv
ed in
the
therm
al red
uctio
n of
tin;
i) Te
ache
r sho
uld le
ad a
discu
ssion
on
how
Sn ca
n be e
xtrac
ted by
Blas
t fur
nace
.ii)
Stud
ents
to wr
ite im
porta
nt rea
ction
equa
tions
takin
g plac
e in
the B
last f
urnac
e.
Wall
chart
show
ing
impo
rtant
reacti
on
equa
tions
takin
g plac
e in
the B
last f
urnac
e.
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
de
scribe
the c
hemi
cal
reacti
ons i
nvolv
ed in
the th
ermal
reduc
tion
of Sn
?
60
TOPI
CS/SU
B TO
PICS
SPEC
IFIC
OBJ
ECTI
VES
TEAC
HING
AND
LEA
RNIN
G ST
RATE
GIES
TEAC
HING
AN
D LE
ARNI
NG
RESO
URCE
SAS
SESS
MEN
TES
TIM
ATED
NU
MBE
R OF
PE
RIOD
Se)
expla
in wh
y som
e meta
ls ca
nnot
be ex
tracte
d by
therm
al red
uctio
n me
thod.
i) Te
ache
r to g
uide s
tuden
ts to
discu
ss wh
y som
e meta
ls ca
n’t
be ex
tracte
d by t
herm
al red
uctio
n me
thods
.ii)
Stud
ents
to wr
ite so
me m
etals
which
can’t
be ex
tracte
d by
therm
al red
uctio
n meth
od.
Wall
chart
show
ing M
etals
which
can’t
be ex
tracte
d by
therm
al red
uctio
n me
thod
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
ex
plain
why s
ome
metal
s can
not b
e ex
tracte
d by t
herm
al red
uctio
n meth
od?
6.2
Extra
ction
of M
etals
by
Elec
trolyt
ic Re
ducti
onBy
the e
nd of
this
sub-
topic
the
stude
nt sh
ould
be ab
le to:
a) ex
plain
the cr
iteria
for
selec
ting t
he el
ectro
lytic
proce
dure
for ex
tracti
ng so
me
metal
s;
Teac
her to
guide
stud
ents
to dis
cuss
the cr
iteria
for s
electi
ng el
ectrol
ytic
proce
dure
for ex
tracti
on of
meta
ls.
Wall
chart
show
ing
activ
ity se
ries
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
ex
plain
the cr
iteria
for
selec
ting t
he
electr
olytic
meth
od of
me
tal ex
tracti
on?
6
b) ex
plain
the m
echa
nism
of ele
ctroly
tic re
ducti
on;
i) Te
ache
r sho
uld le
ad di
scussi
on
on th
e mec
hanis
m of
electr
olytic
red
uctio
n.ii)
Stud
ents
to wr
ite re
ducti
on
equa
tions
.
Wall
chart
show
ing
reduc
tion e
quati
ons.
Is the
stud
ent
able
to ex
plain
the m
echa
nism
of ele
ctroly
tic re
ducti
on?
c) de
scribe
the c
hemi
cal
reacti
ons i
nvolv
ed in
the
electr
olytic
redu
ction
of
alumi
nium
and
copp
er;
i) Te
ache
r to g
uide s
tuden
ts to
discu
ss the
reac
tions
invo
lved i
n the
elec
trolyt
ic red
uctio
n of A
l an
d Cu.
ii) St
uden
ts to
write
impo
rtant
reacti
ons t
aking
plac
e at th
e ele
ctrod
es.
Wall
chart
show
ing
chem
ical e
quati
ons
occu
rred a
t the c
athod
e an
d ano
de.
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
de
scribe
the c
hemi
cal
reacti
ons i
nvolv
ed at
the ca
thode
and
anod
e?
61
TOPI
CS/SU
B TO
PICS
SPEC
IFIC
OBJ
ECTI
VES
TEAC
HING
AND
LEA
RNIN
G ST
RATE
GIES
TEAC
HING
AN
D LE
ARNI
NG
RESO
URCE
SAS
SESS
MEN
TES
TIM
ATED
NU
MBE
R OF
PE
RIOD
Sd)
expla
in wh
y som
e meta
l ca
nnot
be ex
tracte
d by
electr
olytic
redu
ction
.
i) Stu
dents
unde
r tea
chers
guida
nce
to dis
cuss
why s
ome m
etals
cann
ot ex
tracte
d by e
lectro
lytic
reduc
tion.
ii) St
uden
ts to
write
some
meta
ls wh
ich ca
n’t be
extra
cted b
y ele
ctroly
tic re
ducti
on
Wall
chart
conta
ining
so
me m
etals
which
ca
n’t be
extra
cted b
y the
ele
ctroly
tic re
ducti
on.
Is the
stud
ent a
ble
to ex
plain
why
some
meta
l can
not
be ex
tracte
d by
electr
olytic
meth
od?
7.0
TRAN
SITI
ON
ELEM
ENTS
7.1
Chara
cteris
tics o
f Tr
ansit
ion El
emen
ts
By th
e end
of th
is su
b- top
ic the
stu
dent
shou
ld be
able
to:a)
descr
ibe th
e con
cept
of tra
nsitio
n elem
ents;
i) Te
ache
r to l
ead s
tuden
ts to
discu
ss the
conc
ept o
f tran
sition
ele
ments
.ii)
Stud
ents
to wr
ite el
ectro
nic
confi
gurat
ion of
elem
ents
with
atomi
c num
ber 2
1-30.
iii) S
tuden
ts to
discu
ss in
small
grou
ps
wheth
er Cu
and Z
n are
trans
ition
ele
ments
or no
t.
• M
odern
perio
dic
table
• W
all ch
art sh
owing
ele
ctron
ic co
nfigu
ration
of
trans
ition e
lemen
ts wi
th ato
mic n
umbe
r 21
–30.
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
de
scribe
the c
once
pt of
trans
ition
elem
ents?
6b)
expla
in the
varia
ble
oxida
tion s
tates
in tra
nsiti
on
eleme
nts;
i) Te
ache
r sho
uld le
ad a
discu
ssion
on
the v
ariab
le ox
idatio
n stat
es of
trans
ition e
lemen
ts.ii)
Stud
ents
to de
termi
ne th
e vari
able
oxida
tion s
tates
of tr
ansit
ion
eleme
nts fr
om th
eir di
fferen
t co
mpou
nds
Wall
chart
show
ing
varia
ble ox
idatio
n sta
tes of
each
tran
sition
ele
ments
of at
omic
numb
er 21
-30.
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
ex
plain
the va
riable
ox
idatio
n stat
es in
trans
ition
elem
ents?
62
TOPI
CS/SU
B TO
PICS
SPEC
IFIC
OBJ
ECTI
VES
TEAC
HING
AND
LEA
RNIN
G ST
RATE
GIES
TEAC
HING
AN
D LE
ARNI
NG
RESO
URCE
SAS
SESS
MEN
TES
TIM
ATED
NU
MBE
R OF
PE
RIOD
Siii
) Tea
cher
to gu
ide st
uden
ts to
discu
ss the
cau
se for
vari
able
oxida
tion
states
of tr
ansit
ion el
emen
ts.
c) ex
plain
the fo
rmati
on of
co
loured
ions
;Te
ache
r sho
uld le
ad di
scussi
on on
the
Crys
tal Fi
eld T
heory
.W
all ch
art sh
owing
dia
gram
of sp
liting
d-
orbita
ls.
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
ex
plain
the fo
rmati
on
of co
loured
ions
?d)
expla
in the
form
ation
of
comp
lexes
in tra
nsiti
on
eleme
nts;
Teac
her t
o lea
d a di
scussi
on on
the
conc
ept o
f emp
ty d-o
rbital
s whic
h ca
n be u
tilize
d by o
ther e
lemen
ts/co
mpou
nds.
• W
all ch
art sh
owing
em
pty d-
orbita
l of
trans
ition e
lemen
ts of
atomi
c num
ber
21 –3
0.•
Tran
sition
elem
ents
of ato
mic n
umbe
r 21
-30
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
ex
plain
the fo
rmati
on
of co
mplex
es in
trans
ition e
lemen
ts?
e) ex
plain
the m
agne
tic
prope
rties
of tra
nsiti
on
eleme
nts;
i) Te
ache
r to g
uide s
tuden
ts to
discu
ss the
caus
e of m
agne
tism
in tra
nsitio
n elem
ents.
ii) St
uden
ts to
classi
fy tra
nsiti
on
metal
s as
• dia
magn
etic
• Pa
ramag
netic
• Fe
rroma
gneti
c
• Tr
ansit
ion el
emen
ts of
atomi
c num
ber
21-30
• M
agne
tic ba
r•
Wall
chart
show
ing
eleme
nts w
hich
are di
amag
netic
pa
ramag
netic
and
ferrom
agne
tic.
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
ex
plain
the m
agne
tic
prope
rties
of tra
nsiti
on
eleme
nts?
63
TOPI
CS/SU
B TO
PICS
SPEC
IFIC
OBJ
ECTI
VES
TEAC
HING
AND
LEA
RNIN
G ST
RATE
GIES
TEAC
HING
AN
D LE
ARNI
NG
RESO
URCE
SAS
SESS
MEN
TES
TIM
ATED
NU
MBE
R OF
PE
RIOD
Sf)
descr
ibe th
e cata
lytic
prope
rties
of tra
nsiti
on
eleme
nts.
i) Te
ache
r sho
uld le
ad st
uden
ts to
discu
ss the
conc
ept o
f ca
talyti
c prop
erties
of tr
ansit
ion
eleme
nts.
ii) St
uden
ts in
group
s to d
escrib
e with
ex
ample
s the
indu
strial
proc
ess
where
tran
sition
elem
ents
act a
s ca
talys
ts•
Habe
r proc
ess•
Conta
ct pro
cess
• Hy
droge
natio
n of o
il•
Libe
ration
of io
dine f
rom
potas
ium io
dide.
• Fin
ely di
vided
Fe
• V 2O 5
• Ni
• I 2
• Fe
3+
• Cu
+
• KI
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
de
scribe
the c
atalyt
ic pro
perti
es of
trans
ition
ele
ments
?
7.2
Comp
lex Fo
rmati
on
and L
igand
sBy
the e
nd of
this
sub-
topic
the
stude
nt sh
ould
be ab
le to:
a) de
scribe
the f
actor
s whic
h fav
our c
omple
x ion
form
ation
;
Teac
her t
o lea
d a di
scussi
on on
the
factor
s tha
t fav
ours
the fo
rmati
on of
co
mplex
ions
, whic
h inc
ludes:
• sm
all io
nic ra
dii•
utiliz
ation
of va
cant
d-orbi
tals.
Wall
chart
show
ing th
e ce
ntral
metal
ion a
nd
ligan
ds.
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
de
scribe
the f
actor
s fav
ourin
g com
plex i
on
forma
tion?
6b)
differ
entia
te an
ionic
from
ca
tionic
comp
lexes;
i) Stu
dents
to gi
ve va
ried e
xamp
les
of ca
tionic
and a
n ion
ic co
mplex
es.ii)
Stud
ents
to dif
feren
tiate
catio
nic
comp
lexes
from
an io
nic co
mplex
es.
Wall
chart
show
ing
catio
nic an
d an i
onic
comp
lexes
Is the
stud
ent a
ble
to dif
feren
tiate
an
ionic
from
catio
nic
comp
lexes?
64
TOPI
CS/SU
BTOP
ICS
SPEC
IFIC
OBJ
ECTI
VES
TEAC
HING
AND
LEAR
NING
ST
RATE
GIES
TEAC
HING
AN
D LE
ARNI
NG
RESO
URCE
SAS
SESS
MEN
TES
TIM
ATED
NU
MBE
R OF
PE
RIOD
Sc)
descr
ibe th
e pos
itive
, ne
gativ
e and
neutr
al lig
ands
;
i) Te
ache
r sho
uld gu
ide st
uden
ts to
discu
ss the
conc
ept o
f lig
ands
.ii)
Stud
ents
in sm
all gr
oups
to di
scuss
and c
lassif
y pos
itive
, neg
ative
and
neutr
al lig
ands
.
Wall
chart
s sho
wing
po
sitive
nega
tive a
nd
neutr
al lig
ands
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
de
scribe
the p
ositi
ve,
nega
tive a
nd ne
utral
ligan
ds?
d) na
me co
mplex
es us
ing
IUPA
C sy
stem;
i) Te
ache
r sho
uld le
ad st
uden
ts to
discu
ss on
how
to na
me co
mplex
es ac
cordi
ng to
IUPA
C sy
stem.
ii) St
uden
ts to
name
comp
lexes
acco
rding
to IU
PAC
syste
m.
Wall
chart
s sho
wing
the
name
of co
mplex
es.Is
the st
uden
t able
to
name
comp
lexes
using
IU
PAC
syste
m?
e) ex
plain
why s
ome
precip
itates
disso
lve in
ex
cess
alkali
, whil
e othe
rs do
not;
i) Stu
dents
in gr
oups
to pr
epare
so
lution
s of t
he fo
llowi
ng sa
lts:
AgNO
3; Zn(N
O 3) 2; Ca(N
O 3) 2; Pb
(NO 3) 2; C
u(NO 3) 2; F
e(NO 3) 3;
KOH;
Mg(N
O 3) 2
ii) T
o eac
h solu
tion a
dd so
dium
hydro
xide s
olutio
n in s
mall a
moun
t, the
n in e
xcess
.iii
) Stud
ents
to ex
plain
why s
ome
precip
itates
disso
lve in
exce
ss alk
ali, w
hile o
thers
do no
t.
• Ag
NO3
• Zn
(NO 3) 2
• Ca
(NO 3) 2
• Pb
(NO 3) 2
• Cu
(NO 3) 2
• Fe
(NO 3) 3
• KO
H•
Mg(N
O 3) 2
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
ex
plain
why s
ome
precip
itates
disso
lve
in ex
cess
alkali
whil
e oth
ers do
not?
65
TOPI
CS/SU
BTOP
ICS
SPEC
IFIC
OBJ
ECTI
VES
TEAC
HING
AND
LEAR
NING
ST
RATE
GIES
TEAC
HING
AN
D LE
ARNI
NG
RESO
URCE
SAS
SESS
MEN
TES
TIM
ATED
NU
MBE
R OF
PE
RIOD
Sf)
draw
the sh
apes
of pla
nar,
tetrah
edral
and o
ctahe
dral
comp
lexes.
Teac
her t
o assi
st stu
dents
to dr
aw/
sketc
h the
shap
es of
plana
r, tet
rahed
ral an
d octa
hedra
l co
mplex
es
• [N
i(CN)
4]2+
• [C
u(H2O
) 4]2+
• [F
e(CN)
6]4-
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
dra
w the
shap
es of
plana
r, tetr
ahed
ral
and o
ctahe
dral
comp
lexes?
8.0
AMIN
ES
8.1
Struc
ture a
nd
Nome
ndatu
re
By th
e end
of th
is su
b- top
ic the
stud
ent s
hould
be ab
le to:
a) de
scribe
the s
tructu
res of
am
ines;
Teac
her t
o guid
e stud
ents
to wr
ite
the st
ructur
e of 1
0 , 20 an
d 30 am
ines.
• At
omic
mode
ls•
Wall
chart
show
ing
the st
ructur
es of
amine
s
Is the
stud
ent a
ble
to de
scribe
the
struc
tures
of am
ines?
2b)
give t
he sy
stema
tic na
mes o
f am
ines.
Stud
ents
in sm
all gr
oups
to na
me
amine
s acc
ording
to IU
PAC
syste
m.W
all ch
arts s
howi
ng
struc
tures
and n
ames
of am
ines
Is the
stud
ents
able
to giv
e sys
temati
c na
mes o
f ami
nes.
8.2
Prep
aratio
n pro
perti
es an
d Uses
of
Amine
s.
By th
e end
of th
is su
b- top
ic the
stud
ent s
hould
be ab
le to:
a) de
scribe
diffe
rent m
ethod
s of
prepa
ring a
mine
s;
Stud
ents
in sm
all gr
oups
to di
scuss
how
amine
s can
be pr
epare
d by
i) Al
kylat
ion of
ammo
nia;
ii) R
educ
tion o
f nitr
o–alk
ane;
iii) R
educ
tion o
f ami
des.
• R–
X wh
ere x
= Cl,
Br, I
• NH
3
• R–
C = N
• H 2
• Ni
• Li
[AlH
4]
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
descr
ibe di
fferen
t me
thods
of pr
epari
ng
amine
s?
4
b) de
scribe
the p
hysic
al an
d ch
emica
l prop
erties
of
amine
s;
Teac
her t
o guid
e stud
ents
to dis
cuss
i) Ph
ysica
l prop
erties
of
amine
s; ii)
Chem
ical p
ropert
ies of
amine
s
Wall
chart
s sho
wing
va
rious
phys
ical a
nd
chem
ical p
ropert
ies of
am
ines
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
descr
ibe th
e phy
sical
and c
hemi
cal
prope
rties
of am
ines?
66
TOPI
CS/ S
UB T
OPIC
SSP
ECIF
IC O
BJEC
TIVE
STE
ACHI
NG A
ND L
EARN
ING
STRA
TEGI
ESTE
ACHI
NG A
ND
LEAR
NING
RES
OURC
ESAS
SESS
MEN
TES
TIM
ATED
NU
MBE
R OF
PE
RIOD
Sc)
expla
in the
use o
f ami
nes.
Stud
ents
in sm
all gr
oups
to
discu
ss the
uses
of am
ines.
Wall
chart
s sho
wing
va
rious
uses
of am
ines.
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
expla
in the
uses
of am
ines?
9.0
POLY
MER
S
9.1
Conc
ept o
f Poly
mers
By th
e end
of th
is su
b- top
ic the
stud
ent s
hould
be ab
le to:
a) de
scribe
the c
once
pt of
polym
ers;
Teac
her t
o guid
e stud
ent to
dis
cuss
the co
ncep
t of p
olyme
rs.•
Polyt
hene
• Po
lyviny
l chlo
ride
• Co
tton c
ellulo
se•
Nylon
6.6
• Te
rylen
e
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
descr
ibe th
e con
cept
of po
lymers
?
4b)
descr
ibe th
e stru
ctures
of
polym
ers;
Teac
her s
hould
lead
stud
ents
to de
scribe
the s
tructu
res of
po
lymers
.
Wall
chart
s sho
wing
dif
feren
t stru
ctures
of
polym
ers
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
descr
ibe th
e str
uctur
es of
polym
ers?
c) ide
ntify
mono
mers
from
polym
ers.
Teac
her s
hould
lead
stud
ents
to ide
ntify
mono
mers
from
the
polym
er.
Wall
chart
s sho
wing
dif
feren
t stru
ctures
of
polym
ers
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
ide
ntify
mono
mers
from
polym
ers?
9.2
Type
s of P
olyme
rsBy
the e
nd of
this
sub-
topic
the st
uden
t sho
uld be
able
to de
scribe
diffe
rent ty
pes o
f po
lymers
Teac
her t
o guid
e stud
ents
to de
scribe
types
of po
lymer
i.e.
i) Sy
ntheti
c poly
mers
ii) N
atural
/ syn
thetic
rubb
eriii
) Vulc
anisa
tion
Wall
chart
show
ing di
fferen
t typ
es of
• Sy
ntheti
c poly
mers
• Na
tural/
synth
etic
rubbe
r•
Vulca
nisati
on
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
descr
ibe di
fferen
t typ
es of
polym
ers?
2
67
TOPI
CS/SU
BTOP
ICS
SPEC
IFIC
OBJ
ECTI
VES
TEAC
HING
ANDL
EARN
ING
STRA
TEGI
ESTE
ACHI
NGAN
D LE
ARNI
NG R
ESOU
RCES
ASSE
SSM
ENT
ESTI
MAT
ED
NUM
BERO
F PE
RIOD
S9.3
Pr
epara
tion o
f Sy
ntheti
c Poly
mers
By th
e end
of th
is su
b- top
ic the
stu
dent
shou
ld be
able
to:a)
descr
ibe ad
dition
al po
lymeri
sation
;
Teac
her t
o guid
e stud
ents
to dis
cuss
how
addit
ional
polym
er are
pre
pared
.
• W
all ch
arts s
howi
ng
addit
ional
polym
ers•
Pictur
es
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
descr
ibe ad
dition
al po
lymeri
sation
?
2b)
descr
ibe co
nden
sation
po
lymeri
sation
.Te
ache
r to g
uide s
tuden
t to di
scuss
how
cond
ensat
ion po
lymers
are
prepa
red.
• W
all ch
art sh
owing
co
nden
sation
po
lymers
• Pic
tures
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
descr
ibe co
nden
sation
po
lymeri
sation
?
9.4
Prop
erties
and
Haza
rds of
Polym
ersBy
the e
nd of
this
sub-
topic
the
stude
nt sh
ould
be ab
le to:
a) de
scribe
the
prope
rties
of po
lymers
;
Teac
her s
hould
lead
stud
ents
to dis
cuss
the pr
opert
ies of
polym
ersW
all ch
arts s
howi
ng th
e pro
perti
es of
polym
ersIs
the st
uden
t able
tode
scribe
the p
ropert
ies
of po
lymers
?
2b)
descr
ibe th
e haz
ards o
f po
lymers
.St
uden
ts in
small
grou
ps to
discu
ss the
haza
rds of
polym
ersW
all ch
arts s
howi
ng th
e ha
zards
of po
lymers
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
descr
ibe th
e haz
ards
of po
lymers
?
10.0
ENV
IRON
MEN
TAL
CHEM
ISTR
Y
10.1
Con
serva
tion
By th
e end
of th
is su
b- top
ic the
stu
dent
shou
ld be
able
to:a)
expla
in the
mea
ning a
nd
signifi
canc
e of e
nviro
nmen
tal
cons
ervati
on;
Teac
her s
hould
lead
stud
ents
to dis
cuss
envir
onme
ntal c
onser
vatio
n by
cons
iderin
g the
follo
wing
:i)
Prote
ction
of m
ineral
ores
again
st ov
er ex
ploita
tion.
ii) M
anag
emen
t of i
ndus
trial
chem
ical w
astes
befor
e disp
osal.
Pictu
res sh
owing
mini
ng
proce
ssIs
the st
uden
t able
to
expla
in the
mea
ning
and s
ignifi
canc
e of
envir
onme
ntal
cons
ervati
on?
6
68
TOPI
CS/SU
BTOP
ICS
SPEC
IFIC
OBJ
ECTI
VES
TEAC
HING
ANDL
EARN
ING
STRA
TEGI
ESTE
ACHI
NGAN
D LE
ARNI
NG R
ESOU
RCES
ASSE
SSM
ENT
ESTI
MAT
ED
NUM
BERO
F PE
RIOD
Sb)
comp
are be
twee
n res
ource
prote
ction
and
utiliz
ation
;
Teac
her t
o guid
e stud
ents
to dis
cuss
the di
fferen
ces b
etwee
n res
ource
prote
ction
, util
izatio
n an
d con
serva
tion i
n this
resp
ect,
mine
ral or
es, co
al, na
tural
gas a
nd
petro
leum
shou
ld be
cons
idered
.
• Pic
tures
• Di
agram
s•
Wall
chart
s sho
wing
the
diffe
rence
s betw
een
resou
rce pr
otecti
on an
d res
ource
utiliz
ation
.
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
dif
feren
tiate
resou
rce
protec
tion f
rom
resou
rce ut
iliza
tion?
c) de
scribe
possi
ble re
asons
for
envir
onme
ntal
destr
uctio
n;
Stud
ents
in sm
all gr
oups
to di
scuss
the fo
llowi
ng re
asons
of
envir
onme
ntal d
estruc
tion:
i) Ag
ricult
ural c
hemi
cals;
ii) D
umpin
g of s
olid a
nd liq
uid
indus
trial
waste
s on t
he la
nd
and i
nto la
rge w
ater m
asses,
en
grave
rs, w
ells a
nd oc
eans
.iii
) Ope
ning u
p gase
ous e
fflue
nts
from
indus
try in
to the
air.
• Di
agram
s•
Pictur
es•
Agric
ultura
l ch
emica
ls
Is the
stud
ent a
ble
to de
scribe
possi
ble
reaso
ns fo
r en
viron
menta
l de
struc
tion?
d) de
scribe
envir
onme
ntal
mana
geme
nt int
erven
tions
.
Teac
her a
nd st
uden
ts to
discu
ss the
follo
wing
envir
onme
ntal
mana
geme
nt int
erven
tions
:i)
Chem
ical tr
eatm
ent o
f urba
n sew
age
ii) Ch
emica
l trea
tmen
t of u
rban
supp
lies o
f edib
le/ po
rtable
wa
ter.
• Cu
SO4
• W
ater t
reatm
ent
• Ch
emica
ls•
Alum
s
- Is
the st
uden
t able
to
descr
ibe th
e en
viron
menta
l ma
nage
ment
interv
entio
ns?
69
TOPI
CS/SU
BTOP
ICS
SPEC
IFIC
OBJ
ECTI
VES
TEAC
HING
AND
LEAR
NING
ST
RATE
GIES
TEAC
HING
AND
LE
ARNI
NG R
ESOU
RCES
ASSE
SSM
ENT
ESTI
MAT
ED
NUM
BER
OF
PERI
ODS
- Is
the st
uden
t able
to
predic
t any
possi
ble
interv
entio
n me
asures
for p
roper
envir
onme
ntal
mana
geme
nt?10
.2 P
olluti
onBy
the e
nd of
this
sub-
topic
the st
uden
t sho
uld be
able
to: a) ex
plain
the co
ncep
t of
pollu
tion
Stud
ents
in sm
all gr
oups
to di
scuss
the m
eanin
g and
sign
ifica
nce o
f po
llutio
n in r
eal li
fe sit
uatio
n.
Diag
rams a
nd pi
ctures
sh
owing
pollu
ted la
nd,
water
and a
ir
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
expla
in the
conc
ept o
f po
llutio
n?
b) de
scribe
aqua
tic, te
rrestr
ial
and a
erial
pollu
tion a
nd th
eir
interv
entio
n mea
sures
;
i) Stu
dents
in sm
all gr
oups
to
discu
ss the
sourc
es of
mater
ials
which
caus
e aqu
atic t
errest
rial
and a
erial
pollu
tion,
and h
ow to
pre
vent
or ma
nage
them
ii) St
uden
ts to
discu
ss the
effec
ts of
gaseo
us, te
rrestr
ial an
d aqu
atic
pollu
tion t
o hum
an an
d othe
r an
imals
• Pic
tures
• Di
agram
sIs
the st
uden
t able
todif
feren
tiate
aqua
tic
from
terres
trial
and
aeria
l poll
ution
?
c) ex
plain
the ch
emica
l basi
s of
Oz
one l
ayer
destr
uctio
n;St
uden
ts to
colle
ct inf
ormati
on
from
librar
ies or
the i
nterne
t on
the ch
emica
l rea
ction
s whic
h lea
d to
the de
struc
tion o
f the
natur
al Oz
one l
ayer.
• Jo
urnals
• Di
agram
s•
Wall
chart
s sho
wing
eq
uatio
ns of
the
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
expla
in ho
w the
Oz
one l
ayer
is de
stroy
ed ch
emica
lly?
70
TOPI
CS/SU
BTOP
ICS
SPEC
IFIC
OBJ
ECTI
VES
TEAC
HING
AND
LEA
RNIN
G ST
RATE
GIES
TEAC
HING
AND
LE
ARNI
NG R
ESOU
RCES
ASSE
SSM
ENT
ESTI
MAT
ED
NUM
BER
OF
PERI
ODS
They
shou
ld wr
ite eq
uatio
ns fo
r su
ch re
actio
nsna
tural
ozon
e lay
er de
struc
tion.
d) de
scribe
the c
hemi
cal b
asis o
f the
gree
n hou
se eff
ect;
Stud
ents
to see
k info
rmati
on
from
librar
ies or
the i
nterne
t on
the ch
emica
l rea
ction
s of t
he
comp
ound
s whic
h cau
se glo
bal
warm
ing i
n the
conte
xt of
green
ho
use e
ffect
• Jo
urnals
• Pic
tures
• W
all ch
arts s
howi
ng
chem
ical r
eacti
ons
which
caus
es glo
bal
warm
ing
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
expla
in the
chem
ical
basis
of gr
een h
ouse
effec
t?
e) de
scribe
possi
ble
interv
entio
n mea
sures
for
prop
er en
viron
menta
l ma
nage
ment.
Teac
her t
o guid
e stud
ents
to dis
cuss
possi
ble in
terve
ntion
mea
sures
for
prope
r env
ironm
ental
man
agem
ent
Wall
chart
s sho
wing
po
ssible
mea
sures
for
prope
r env
ironm
ental
ma
nage
ment.
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
descr
ibe po
ssible
int
erven
tion m
easu
resfor
prop
er en
viron
menta
l ma
nage
ment?
11.0
SOI
L CHE
MIS
TRY
11.1
Soil
Coll
oids
By th
e end
of th
is su
b- top
ic the
stu
dent
shou
ld be
able
to:a)
expla
in the
mea
ning a
nd
signifi
canc
e of s
oil co
lloids
;
Teac
her t
o guid
e stud
ents
to dis
cuss
the m
eanin
g and
sig
nifica
nce o
f soil
collo
ids.
• Pic
tures
• So
ilsIs
the st
uden
t able
toex
plain
the m
eanin
g an
d sign
ifica
nce o
f so
il coll
oids?
2b)
descr
ibe th
e prop
erties
of so
il co
lloida
l part
icles
Stud
ents
in sm
all gr
oups
to
discu
ss the
follo
wing
prop
erties
of
collo
idal p
articl
esi)
Surfa
ce ar
ea
• Pic
tures
• Di
agram
sIs
the st
uden
t able
tode
scribe
the p
ropert
ies
of co
lloida
l part
icles?
71
TOPI
CS/SU
BTOP
ICS
SPEC
IFIC
OBJ
ECTI
VES
TEAC
HING
AND
LEA
RNIN
G ST
RATE
GIES
TEAC
HING
AND
LE
ARNI
NG R
ESOU
RCES
ASSE
SSM
ENT
ESTI
MAT
ED
NUM
BER
OF
PERI
ODS
ii) E
lectri
c cha
rge
iii) I
on ex
chan
ge
11.2
Ion
Exch
ange
By th
e end
of th
is su
b- top
ic the
stu
dent
shou
ld be
able
to:a)
expla
in th
e mec
hanis
m of
ion
exch
ange
in a
soil;
Teac
her t
o guid
e stud
ents
to dis
cuss
the m
echa
nism
of ion
ex
chan
ge in
a so
il sam
ple.
• Di
agram
s•
Pictur
esIs
the st
uden
t able
to
expla
in the
me
chan
ismof
ion ex
chan
ge in
so
il?
4
b) de
scribe
catio
n exc
hang
e ca
pacit
y of a
soil
sample
;
Stud
ents
in sm
all gr
oups
to di
scuss
the m
eanin
g and
sign
ifica
nce o
f the
ca
tion e
xcha
nge c
apac
ity of
soil.
• Pic
tures
• Te
xtboo
ks
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
Descr
ibe th
e cati
on
exch
ange
cap
acity
of
soil?
c) ca
lculat
e the
perce
ntage
ba
se sat
uratio
n of a
soil
sample
.
Teac
her t
o help
stud
ents
in the
ca
lculat
ions o
f the
perce
ntage
base
satura
tion o
f diff
erent
sample
s of
soils
, pref
erably
take
n from
dif
feren
t geo
graph
ical a
reas
• Di
agram
s•
Wall
chart
s sho
wing
ca
lculat
ions o
f perc
entag
e ba
se sat
uratio
n of d
iffere
nt typ
e of s
oil.
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
calcu
late t
he
perce
ntage
base
satura
tion o
f aso
il sam
ple?
11.3
Soil
Rea
ction
By th
e end
of th
is su
b- top
ic the
stu
dent
shou
ld be
able
to:a)
expla
in the
conc
ept o
f soil
rea
ction
;
Teac
her t
o guid
e stud
ents
to dis
cuss
the m
eanin
g of s
oil re
actio
n i.e.
the
soil p
H (th
e acid
ity an
d alka
linity
of
the so
il)
• pH
mete
r•
Soil k
it•
Pictur
es
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
ex
plain
the co
ncep
t of
soil r
eacti
on?
6
72
TOPI
CS/SU
BTOP
ICS
SPEC
IFIC
OBJ
ECTI
VES
TEAC
HING
AND
LEA
RNIN
G ST
RATE
GIES
TEAC
HING
AND
LE
ARNI
NG R
ESOU
RCES
ASSE
SSM
ENT
ESTI
MAT
ED
NUM
BER
OF
PERI
ODS
b) ex
plain
the si
gnifi
canc
e of s
oil
pH;
i) Stu
dents
to us
e soil
kit o
r any
oth
er im
provis
ed m
ethod
to
measu
re the
pH of
a sam
ple of
so
il.ii)
Teac
her t
o guid
e stud
ents
to dis
cuss
how
very
high o
r very
low
pH of
the s
oil ca
n infl
uenc
e:•
Avail
abilit
y of n
utrien
t ele
ments
to pl
ants;
• Th
e form
ation
of in
solub
le co
mplex
comp
ound
s in
the so
il;•
The c
ollap
se or
growt
h of
the po
pulat
ion of
micr
o org
anism
s in t
he so
il;•
The r
oting
of pl
ant r
oots.
• So
il kit
• pH
mete
r•
Diag
rams
• W
all ch
arts s
howi
ng th
e pH
rang
e Vs a
vaila
bility
of
plant
nutri
ents.
Is the
stud
ent a
ble
to ex
plain
the
signifi
canc
e of s
oil
pH?
c) de
scribe
the o
rganic
and
in org
anic
caus
es of
soil
acidi
ty.
Stud
ents
to dis
cuss
how
the
follow
ing co
ntribu
te to
the in
crease
of
soil a
cidity
.i)
Deco
mpos
ition o
f orga
nic
matte
r; ii)
Prese
nce o
f solu
ble al
umini
um
ions,
Al3+
and i
ron (II
I) ion
, Fe3+
in
the so
il;
• pH
mete
r•
Soil k
it•
Wall c
harts
show
ing
equa
tions
of A
l3+ an
d Fe
3+ ho
w the
y cau
se so
il ac
idity.
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
de
scribe
the o
rganic
an
d ino
rganic
caus
es of
soil a
cidity
?
73
TOPI
CS/SU
BTOP
ICS
SPEC
IFIC
OBJ
ECTI
VES
TEAC
HING
AND
LEA
RNIN
G ST
RATE
GIES
TEAC
HING
AND
LE
ARNI
NG R
ESOU
RCES
ASSE
SSM
ENT
ESTI
MAT
ED
NUM
BER
OF
PERI
ODS
iii) E
xcess
ive le
achin
g due
to
irriga
tion o
r rain
fall;
iv) In
dustr
ial fe
rtiliz
ers.
11.4
Lim
ing an
d Lim
ing
Mate
rials
By th
e end
of th
is su
b- top
ic the
stu
dent
shou
ld be
able
to:a)
expla
in the
mea
ning a
nd
signifi
canc
e of l
iming
;
Stud
ents
unde
r tea
cher’
s guid
ance
to
discu
ss the
mea
ning a
nd
signifi
canc
e of l
iming
as a
treatm
ent to
soil p
H
Ferti
le an
d infe
rtile
soils
.Is
the st
uden
t able
to
expla
in the
mea
ning
and s
ignifi
canc
e of
liming
?
4
b) de
scribe
the e
fficie
ncy o
f lim
ing m
ateria
ls;St
uden
ts to
discu
ss the
neutr
alizin
g va
lues o
f carb
onate
s, ox
ides,
hydro
xides
and s
ilica
tes
• Ca
CO3
• Ca
O•
Ca(O
H)2
• Ca
SiO3
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
de
scribe
the e
fficie
ncy
of lim
ing m
ateria
ls?
c) de
scribe
the b
enefi
cial e
ffects
of
liming
;St
uden
ts in
small
grou
ps to
discu
ss the
bene
ficial
effec
ts of
liming
.•
CaO
• Ca
CO3
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
ex
plain
the be
nefic
ial
effec
ts of
liming
?d)
outli
ne th
e detr
imen
tal ef
fects
of ov
erlim
ing;
i) Stu
dents
in sm
all gr
oups
to
discu
ss the
detri
menta
l effe
cts of
ov
erlim
ing;
ii) St
uden
ts to
carry
out p
rojec
ts to
study
the r
elativ
e grow
th of
plants
unde
r diff
erent
pH
cond
ition
s i.e.
stron
gly ac
idic,
weak
ly ac
idic,
neutr
al; w
eakly
ba
sic an
d stro
ngly
basic
.
• pH
mete
r•
Soilk
it•
CaO
• Ca
CO3
Is the
stud
ent a
ble
to de
scribe
the
detri
menta
l effe
cts of
ov
erlim
ing?
74
TOPI
CS/SU
BTOP
ICS
SPEC
IFIC
OBJ
ECTI
VES
TEAC
HING
AND
LEA
RNIN
G ST
RATE
GIES
TEAC
HING
AND
LE
ARNI
NG R
ESOU
RCES
ASSE
SSM
ENT
ESTI
MAT
ED
NUM
BERO
F PE
RIOD
S11
.5 F
ertiliz
ers an
d M
anure
sBy
the e
nd of
this
sub-
topic
the
stude
nt sh
ould
be ab
le to:
a) ex
plain
the si
milar
ities a
nd
differ
ence
s betw
een f
ertiliz
ers
and m
anure
s;
Stud
ents
in sm
all gr
oups
to di
scuss
the di
fferen
ces a
nd si
milar
ities
betw
een i
ndus
trial
fertil
izers
and
manu
res.
• Fe
rtiliz
ers•
Orga
nic m
anure
sIs
the st
uden
t able
to
differ
entia
te ma
nures
fro
m fer
tilize
rs?
4
b) me
ntion
the c
ommo
nly us
ed
N, P
and K
ferti
lizers
;St
uden
ts to
menti
on th
e ad
vanta
ges o
f stra
ight a
nd m
ixed
fertil
izers
of N,
P an
dK.
Mixe
d and
strai
ght
fertil
izers
Is the
stud
ent a
ble
to me
ntion
the
comm
only
used
N,
P and
K fe
rtiliz
ers?
c) cla
ssify
straig
ht an
d mixe
d fer
tilize
rsSt
uden
ts to
menti
on ex
ample
of
straig
ht an
d mixe
d fert
ilize
rs an
d cla
ssify
them.
Mixe
d and
strai
ght
fertil
izers
Is the
stud
ent
able
to cla
ssify
straig
ht an
d mixe
d fer
tilize
rs.
12.0
CHE
MIC
AL
ANAL
YSIS
12.1
Volu
metri
c Ana
lysis
By th
e end
of th
is su
b- top
ic the
stud
ent s
hould
be ab
le to:
a) sta
ndard
ize an
acid
using
a sta
ndard
base;
Stude
nts to
carry
out v
olume
tric
analy
sis to
stan
dardi
ze an
acid
using
a sta
ndard
base
(Na 2CO
3 ).
• Na
2CO3
• dil
.HCl
• gla
ssware
• M
.O
Is the
stud
ent a
ble
to sta
ndard
ize
an ac
id us
ing a
stand
ard ba
se?
20b)
stand
ardise
a ba
se us
ing a
stand
ard ac
id;St
uden
ts to
carry
out v
olume
tric
analy
sis to
stan
dardi
ze an
alka
li us
ing a
stand
ard ac
id,(ox
alic a
cid)
• Ox
alic a
cid•
NaOH
• P.O
.P•
Glass
ware
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
sta
ndard
ize a
base
using
a sta
ndard
acid?
75
TOPI
CS/SU
BTOP
ICS
SPEC
IFIC
OBJ
ECTI
VES
TEAC
HING
AND
LEA
RNIN
G ST
RATE
GIES
TEAC
HING
AND
LE
ARNI
NG R
ESOU
RCES
ASSE
SSM
ENT
ESTI
MAT
ED
NUM
BERO
F PE
RIOD
Sc)
deter
mine
volum
e of H
Cl
used
whe
n Na 2CO
3 is tit
rated
ag
ainst
HCl u
sing P
.O.P.
and
M.O
indic
ators;
Stude
nts to
deter
mine
volum
e of
HCl u
sed w
hen N
a 2CO3
is tri
tated
again
st HC
l usin
g P.O
.P.
and M
.O in
dicato
rs.
• Di
l. H.C
l•
Na2CO
3
• P.O
.P•
M.O
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
deter
mine
volum
e of
HCl u
sed w
hen
Na2CO
3 is tr
itrate
d ag
ainst
HCl u
sing
P.O.P
and M
. O?
d) de
termi
ne th
e prop
ortion
s in a
mi
xture
by th
e dou
ble in
dicato
r me
thod;
Stud
ents
to de
termi
ne th
rough
vo
lumetr
ic an
alysis
the p
roport
ions
of so
dium
carbo
nate
and s
odium
hy
droxid
e in a
mixt
ure by
doub
le ind
icator
meth
od.
• Na
2CO3
• M
.O•
NaOH
• PO
P•
HCl
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
De
termi
ne th
e pro
porti
ons i
n a
mixtu
re by
the d
ouble
ind
icator
meth
od
e) sta
ndard
ize so
dium
thios
ulpha
te us
ing po
tassiu
m pe
rman
gana
te;
Stud
ents
to sta
ndard
ize so
dium
thios
ulpha
te by
potas
sium
perm
anga
nate.
• KM
nO4
• So
dium
thiosu
phate
• dil
-H2SO
4
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
stand
ardize
sodiu
m thi
osulp
ahate
by
using
potas
sium
perm
anga
nate?
f) sta
ndard
ize so
dium
thios
ulpha
te us
ing po
tassiu
m iod
ate;
Stud
ents
to sta
ndard
ize so
dium
thios
ulpha
te by
using
potas
sium
iodate
by vo
lumetr
ic me
thod.
• KI
O 3
• So
dium
thios
ulpha
te•
KI•
Starch
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
stand
ardize
sodiu
m thi
osulph
ate us
ing
KIO 3?
g) ca
rry ou
t a vo
lumetr
ic est
imati
on of
copp
er in
copp
er (II
) sulp
hate.
Stud
ents
to ca
rry ou
t ex
perim
ental
ly the
volum
etric
estim
ation
of co
pper
in co
pper
(II)
sulph
ate by
the i
ndire
ct me
thod o
f iod
ine pr
oduc
tion.
• Cu
SO4
• I 2
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
carry
out v
olume
tric
estim
ation
of co
pper?
76
TOPI
CS/SU
BTOP
ICS
SPEC
IFIC
OBJ
ECTI
VES
TEAC
HING
AND
LEAR
NING
ST
RATE
GIES
TEAC
HING
AND
LE
ARNI
NG R
ESOU
RCES
ASSE
SSM
ENT
ESTI
MAT
ED
NUM
BERO
F PE
RIOD
S26
.2 Q
ualita
tive A
nalys
isBy
the e
nd of
this
sub-
topic
the
stude
nt sh
ould
be ab
le to:
a) ex
plain
the m
eanin
g and
sig
nifica
nce o
f qua
litativ
e an
alysis
;
Teac
her t
o guid
e stud
ents
to dis
cuss
the m
eanin
g and
sig
nifica
nce o
f qua
litati
ve
analy
sis.
• Gl
asswa
re•
NaOH
• HC
l
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
expla
in the
mea
ning
and s
ignifi
canc
e of
quali
tative
analy
sis
20b)
carry
out q
ualit
ative
analy
sis
to ide
ntify
catio
ns an
d an
ions i
n a sa
lt or m
ixture
of
salts.
Stud
ents
to ca
rry ou
t sys
temati
c qu
alitat
ive an
alysis
throu
gh gr
oup
analy
sis to
iden
tify c
ation
s and
an
ions i
n a si
ngle
salt o
r a m
ixture
of
salts.
• HC
l•
H 2S•
NaOH
• NH
4OH
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
carry
out q
ualit
ative
an
alysis
to id
entit
y ca
tions
and a
nions
in
a salt
or m
ixture
of
salts?
26.3
Phy
sical
Chem
istry
Analy
sisBy
the e
nd of
this
sub-t
opic
the
stude
nt sh
ould
be ab
le to:
a) de
termi
ne th
e orde
r of a
rea
ction
expe
rimen
tally;
Stud
ents
to ca
rryou
t exp
erime
nts
to ve
rify fi
rst an
d sec
ond o
rder
chem
ical r
ectio
ns.
• HI
• Es
ter•
Na2S 2O 3
• HC
l/HNO
3
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
deter
mine
the o
rder
of rea
ction
s ex
perim
ental
ly?
20
b) de
termi
ne ac
tivati
on en
ergy,
E a,
expe
rimen
tally;
Stude
nts to
carry
out s
evera
l ex
perim
ents
to de
termi
ne th
e ac
tivati
on en
ergy,
E a, of a
chem
ical
reacti
on.
• Gl
asswa
re•
Heat
sourc
e•
Wate
r bath
• Na
2S 2O 3
• HC
l•
H 2C 2O 4
• KM
nO4
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
deter
mine
activ
ation
en
ergy o
f a re
actio
n ex
perim
ental
ly?
77
TOPI
CS/SU
BTOP
ICS
SPEC
IFIC
OBJ
ECTI
VES
TEAC
HING
AND
LEAR
NING
ST
RATE
GIES
TEAC
HING
AND
LE
ARNI
NG R
ESOU
RCES
ASSE
SSM
ENT
ESTI
MAT
ED
NUM
BERO
F PE
RIOD
Sc)
use t
he pa
rtitio
n law
to
estab
lish t
he di
stribu
tion o
f a s
ubsta
nce b
etwee
n two
ph
ases;
Stud
ents
to ca
rryou
t exp
erime
nts
to ve
rify
the pa
rtitio
n law
, whe
re a s
ubsta
nce
is dis
tribu
ted be
twee
n two
laye
rs or
phase
s
• NH
3 betw
een w
ater a
nd
CHCl
3
• NH
3 betw
een w
ater a
nd
isobu
tyl al
coho
l
Is the
stud
ent a
ble to
expla
in the
dis
tribu
tion o
f a
subs
tance
s betw
een
two l
ayers
?
d) de
termi
ne he
ats of
rea
ction
.St
uden
ts to
carry
out e
xperi
ments
tode
termi
ne th
e foll
owing
heats
of
reacti
ons
• He
at of
reacti
on•
Heat
of ne
utrali
zatio
n•
Heat
of dis
olutio
n
• NH
4Cl
• M
g•
MgC
O 3
• HC
l•
NaOH
• H 2SO
4
Is the
stud
ent a
ble
to de
termi
ne he
ats
of rea
ction
ex
perim
ental
ly?
78
Qua
litat
ive
anal
ysis
shal
l tes
t the
iden
tifica
tion
of th
e fo
llow
ing
an io
ns:
•Su
lpha
te:
SO
42-
•C
arbo
nate
:
CO
32-
•H
ydro
gen
carb
onat
e H
CO
3-
•N
itrat
e:
N
O3-
•N
itrite
NO
2-
•C
hlor
ide:
Cl-
•C
hro m
ate:
CrO
42-
•D
ichr
omat
e
Cr 2O
72- •
Oxa
late
C2O
42-
•A
ceta
te
C
H3C
OO
-
Qua
litat
ive
anal
ysis
shal
l als
o te
st th
e id
entifi
catio
n of
the
follo
win
g ca
tions
thro
ugh
grou
p se
para
tion
anal
ysis
Tabl
e fo
r G
roup
Sep
arat
ion
Ana
lytic
al g
roup
sIo
ns o
f sol
utio
n pr
ecip
itate
dN
atur
e of
pre
cipi
tate
s
IA
g+ , Pb
2+C
hlor
ides
IIC
u2+, C
d2+, B
i3+Su
lphi
des
IISb
3+, S
n2+Su
lphi
des
III
Fe3+
, A
l3+, C
r3+H
ydro
xide
sIV
Zn2+
, Mn2+
, Ni2+
, Co2+
Sulp
hide
sV
Ba2+
, Ca2+
, Sr2+
Car
bona
tes
VI
Na+ ,
K+ ,
Mg2+
, NH
4+N
o pp
t for
med
