Chapter 14, Section 4

The Union DissolvesChapter 8, Section 3Main IdeaAll attempts at compromise between the North & South failed. Miserably.

The outcome of the Election of 1860 triggers secession and the first shots of the Civil WarSetting the StageRepublicans denounce John Brown as a vigilante

Southerners blame the Republicans for John Browns raid at Harpers FerrySouth: If John Brown opposes slavery, and the Republicans oppose slavery, then they worked together (a + b = c??)Atlanta Newspaper anyone who doesnt believe African slavery is a blessing is an enemy to the institution of the South

The Democrats SplitNorthern Dems support popular sovereigntySouthern Dems uphold Dred Scott decision create a federal slave code for territories

Northern Dems nominated Stephen Douglas

Southern Dems nominated John C. BreckenridgeCurrent V.P.; agreed to endorse federal slave code

Split in Democrats greatly improved Republican chances of winning the PresidencySouthern radicals hoped Republicans won so the South would secede

Constitutional Union PartyMany former Whigs were alarmed at the rising danger to the Union

Nominated John BellFormer Tennessee Senator

Platform uphold the Constitution AND the UnionAppease both North & Southor they had no backboneAbraham Lincoln is NominatedRepublicans had to sweep all Northern states to win the presidencyLincoln VERY popular after Lincoln-Douglas debates

CampaignJohn Brown was mindless murdererSouthern states had right to preserve slavery Transcontinental RR!!Higher tariffs (remember these?)Election of 1860Democratic vote was split (obvi.)Douglas least amount of electoral votes but 2nd most popular votesBreckenridge 2nd most electoral votes

Lincoln won w/ 180 electoral votes Most popular votes (40%)Won every Northern state outright exceptNew Jersey North voted Rep.; South voted Dem.Secession BeginsSoutherners Lincolns election was a victory for abolitionistsBelieved secession was only way to save the Southa tradition of American RevolutionSouth Carolina 1st to secede on February 1, 1861Remaining Lower South soon followed Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, & Texas

Secession states seized all federal property within their borders mints, forts, & arsenalsOnly Fort Sumter (S.C.) & Fort Pickens (FL) remained under Federal control

Crittendens CompromiseMany members of Congress were still willing to compromise to avoid civil war

John J. Crittenden (KY) proposed amendments to ConstitutionGuarantee slavery where it already existedReinstate Missouri Compromise line (3630) extended to California border

Lincoln asked Republicans to stand firmCompromise voted down

Born in the C.S.ASecession states hold a convention & declare themselves the Confederate States of AmericaElected Jefferson Davis as 1st PresidentFormer senator from MississippiInaugural address declared desire for warDrafted a constitution based on US butGuaranteed slavery in Confederate territoryBanned importation of slaves from another countriesNo protective tariffsPresidency= single, 6-year term

Lincolns Inaugural AddressRepeated commitment not to interfere w/ slavery in the South

Intended to occupy & possess all federal property in the rebelling states

Continued to enforce federal laws & deliver mail

Hoped for a peaceful resolution, but would not accept the southern states seceding

Fort Sumter FallsLincoln informed the South that he was preparing to resupply Fort Sumter by shipJefferson Davis planned to capture the fort before the resupply ships came & demanded its surrender Forts commander, Major Robert Anderson, refused

April 12, 1861 Confederates bombarded the fort for 33 hours until Union forces finally surrenderedNo one was killed

The Civil War had begun

This Means WarNORTH:News of attack stirs widespread nationalismLincoln asked for 75,000 volunteers More men turned out than could be equippedSOUTH:News of attack stirs widespread nationalismDavis asked for 100,000 volunteers

Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, & Arkansas also secedeUpper South did not want to leave Union, but did not want to fight their Lower South brethren

Hanging onto: MarylandIf Maryland seceded Washington DC would be surrounded by Confederate territory

Baltimore, MD pro-secession mobs attacked federal troops

Lincoln imposed martial law on stateMilitary-controlled govt limited civil rightsSecessionists could be arrested & held w/o trial

Maryland never seceded

Hanging Onto: KentuckyKentucky divided over secedingOhio River = strategically important

Sept. 1861 Confederate occupation angered many KentuckiansOfficially remained neutral throughout war

Pro-Confederate Kentuckians form a rival govt & vote to secedeCapital Bowling GreenHanging Onto: MissouriMost citizens are pro-Confederacy

State convention unanimously votes AGAINST secessionViolent struggle broke out between convention delegates & pro-secession forcesLincoln sent in federal troops & preserved Missouri for the Union

Lincoln willing to take constitutional risks to save the UnionSee: Maryland, martial law