The Underhand ape

Sefrioui Mohamed Zakaria

Syllabus

• Introduction• What induces people to become

corrupt?• The state of corruption around the

world• How can we fight corruption?• Conclusion

Sefrioui Mohamed Zakaria

What is corruption?

Introduction

• Corruption is a plague raging since antiquity

• Corruption is the use of legislated powers by officials for illegitimate private gain

• Forms of corruption vary, but include bribery, extortion,cronyism, nepotism, patronage, graft, and embezzlement

Sefrioui Mohamed Zakaria

Introduction

• This drain on society is the direct cause of the abandon of thousands of projects all around the world

• This is why we should fight it, and in order to fight it, we first have to understand it

• A lot of studies have been conducted to determine the reasons and some solutions to this phenomenon

Sefrioui Mohamed Zakaria

What induces people to become corrupt ?

Sefrioui Mohamed Zakaria

What induces people to become corrupt ?

• Power :

✦ Empowered people are prone to cheating

✦ Power influences the way we think and makes us hypocritical

✦ People cheat but don’t accept others to cheat

✦ Its effect is comparable to alcohol and causes some kind of «moral myopia»

Civil war in the 16th century in france ( the aristrocratic clans)

Sefrioui Mohamed Zakaria

What induces people to become corrupt ?

• Psychological distance and the role of intermediaries:

✦ The intermediary removes uncertainty, creates an illusion of shared responsability and reduces the risk of punishment

• Cultural contagion :✦ People from countries where corruption is at high level are

more likely to engage in bribery

Sefrioui Mohamed Zakaria

how is Corruption spread around the world ?

Sefrioui Mohamed Zakaria

The state of corruption around the world

0

3

5

8

10

Corruption Perceptions Index, Transparency International, 2010

Denmark(1) New Zealand(1)Singapore(1) Finland(4)Sweden(4) Australia(8)UK(20) US(22)Iraq(175) Afghanistan(176)Burma(176) Somalia(178)

Sefrioui Mohamed Zakaria

How can we fight corruption ?

Sefrioui Mohamed Zakaria

How can we fight corruption ?

• Education :✦ Graduate people in countries with high corruption scores tend to

be more honest than their undergraduate compatriots

The Arab Spring and The Outraged

• Social disapproval :✦ People cheat less when they feel they are supervised or when there

is a punishment that could be inflicted

Ostracism and Incarceration

Sefrioui Mohamed Zakaria

How can we fight corruption ?

• Various anti-corruption measures :

✦ Audits : most effective✦ Anonymous complaints✦ Grassroots measures : less successful

Sefrioui Mohamed Zakaria

Conclusion

• Powerful people are the one we should be most worried about

• Democratic control must be applied in order to restrict the power

• Everyone should recognise his corruptibility

• >> Nobody is immune !! <<

Sefrioui Mohamed Zakaria

«To be human is to be corrupt,

but that doesn’t mean we shouldn’t fight it»

Sefrioui Mohamed Zakaria

Thank You

Sefrioui Mohamed Zakaria