What would you think if you saw this ad in the newspaper?

Russia› Czar Nicholas II lost power due to entering the

War and losing popularity› Vladimir I. Lenin saw a good opportunity to

jump in Him and his followers (Bolsheviks) took power Started to put all privately owned businesses under

the power of the Government

› 1918 Civil War broke out and Lenin’s forces “reds” fought against the “Whites”( former landowners, government officials, army leaders)

Lenin made communism the official ideology of the Soviet Union› The government owned all land and

property› A single political party controlled the

government › No Individual rights› Government vowed to spread Communism

to other places

Schenck V. U.S.› Justification to silence free

speech if when there is a “clear and present danger”

Palmer Raids› Targeted communist,

anarchist, and socialist› Jailed thousands of people

500 immigrants were deported

› Police raids on Communist headquarters-without warrants People afraid to speak

openly

NW Europe and Scandinavia

Eastern and Southern Europe

Other Countries

Country Quota   Country Quota   Country Quota

Germany 51,227   Poland 5,982  Africa (other than Egypt)

1,100

Great Britain 34,007   Italy 3,845   Armenia 124

Ireland 28,567   Czech. 3,073   Australia 121

Sweden 9,561   Russia 2,248   Palestine 100

Norway 6,453   Yug. 671   Syria 100

             

Total # 142,483   Total # 18,439   Total # 3,745

Total (%) 86.5   Total % 11.2   Total (%) 2.3

Who Was Shut Out?: Immigration Quotas, 1925–1927

Sacco and Vanzetti› Two Italian anarchists who were executed

in 1927 for murder despite protests from within and outside the U.S. that anti-immigrant attitudes prejudiced their trial.

KKK> against everything un- American Prohibition> 18th Amendment (1919) Americans Act

Some Americans believed Communists were behind strikes› 1919 food prices and rents were high by

1920 double of that before the War Boston Police strike

› Strike by police officers because 19 officers were fired for joining the AFL>no police protection in Boston Ended by mayor Coolidge- national hero

Union memberships decreased by over 1 million because of the strikes

Dow Now1- How did people feel about

communism within the United States?

2- What were the Palmer Raids?

3- Who were Sacco and Vanzetti? What happened to them?

1920- Election Warren G. Harding elected President-Coolidge elected VP› 1st election with women voters ( since the

passing of the 19th amendment) Isolationism- avoidance of political or

economic alliances with foreign countries› No future attempt to join League of Nations

Disarmament- prevention of future wars. A program to get nations of the world to voluntarily give up their weapons.› Several major nations signed treaties limiting

the size of their navies

Restrictions on Immigrants› Quota's were set on immigrants to lower the

amount of immigrants in to the country (Nativist feeling in U.S.

“Trickle-Down”- theory› Congress cut taxes on higher incomes with the

belief that the money would trickle –down to the lower incomes

Corruption in Harding’s Administration› Teapot Dome Scandal (Secretary of the interior

Albert Fall sent to jail for taking bribes for oil reserves- Harding did not know of he corruption)

Harding passed away form a Heart attack in office on August 2, 1923

Pro-Business- “The business of the American people is business”› Believed that government should not interfere

with business (Laissez – Faire) Isolationism continued left to Secretary of

State, Frank B. Kellogg› Kellogg-Briand Pact- 15 nations agreed not to

use War as a threat when dealing with one another

Coolidge did not run for office again and instead Hoover was elected in 1928

What technological advances do you recall being introduced thus far in your life? › How do you use these items in your

everyday life?

Production of goods in the U.S. increased 25% between 1921 and 1928› The use of electrically powered equipment

was partly responsible› Scientific management: employers would

systematically study the performance of their workers in order to find ways to increase efficiency

Henry Ford › Revolutionized the automobile industry

Used the assembly line, where workers stood at their work station and did a simple task to help build a car-increased production

› 1920’s- 9 million automobiles New mobility for people Growth of suburbs

Music› The Jazz age

Blend of West African rhythms, black work songs and spirituals , minstrel songs, and European harmonies

The Harlem Renaissance › Artists who produced numerous works of

creativity that came out of NYC- Harlem Inspired by Jazz Age Duke Ellington, Langston Hughes

Movies› Motion pictures began to emerge in the 1920’s

Started out as silent films with subtitles October6, 1927-first movie, The Jazz Singer Hollywood became the movie capital of the world Charlie Chaplin, Clara Dow, John Barrymore, Lillian

Gish

Radio › By the end of the 1920’s, 1 in every 3 homes

had a radio Broadcasted results of presidential elections,

debates, the burying of the “unknown solider”, sporting event, news reports, music, comedy series

Heroes and Fads› The radio helped to create heroes and fads

Charles A. Lindbergh- May1927- first to fly nonstop across the Atlantic

Babe Ruth hitting 60 homeruns in one season

The fads of crossword puzzles, sitting on top of flagpoles for days

Art› New about abstract art

Pablo Picasso-painted geometric figures 1929- Museum of Modern Art in NYC opened

to display art Georgia O’Keeffe- Painted landscape and

skyscrapers

What new means of media came about in the 1920s?

What was a random fad of the 1920s? How did Henry Ford change the

assembly line?

The Lost The Lost GenerationGeneration

- Disillusionment following World War I, Disillusionment following World War I, particularly among veterans, artists, and particularly among veterans, artists, and intellectualsintellectuals

- Americans became obsessed with - Americans became obsessed with materialism and Consumerism as a materialism and Consumerism as a modern lifestyle of _____, _____, modern lifestyle of _____, _____, games, ______, running water, indoor games, ______, running water, indoor plumbing, roads, cars, ______, and plumbing, roads, cars, ______, and mass media exploded. Due to economic mass media exploded. Due to economic wealth a interest in leisure time events wealth a interest in leisure time events developed.developed.

- Authors such as Ernest Hemingway, F. - Authors such as Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald believed they were lost Scott Fitzgerald believed they were lost in a greedy world that lacked moral in a greedy world that lacked moral valuesvalues

4 million men discharge from Armed forces- 5 million unemployed› Factories shut down> fewer jobs› Consumers spent money on goods that

were now available because the war was over

Speakeasies- illegal bars that flourished in the cities

Women’s role changing- Flappers

1920's lifestyle

End of the 1920’s= start of an economic slowdown

Election of 1928› Herbert Hoover (Rep.) vs. Al Smith (Dem.)

Hoover believed in “rugged individualism”- problems will be solved by your own efforts- NO GOV’T INTERVENTION

Smith= GOV’T intervention Hoover won easily because people had the

false notion that everything would be prosperous forever

Get-Rich-Quick Theory › Buy stock or land- buy low, sell high› People could buy on margin- loan from stock

broker to buy stock People made profits from stocks-attracted more

speculators

› Stock prices rose so high that no one bought› 10/24/29- people began to sell

Brokers make margin calls- ask for loans to be repaid Caused more people to sell to pay back their loans

› 10/29/29- all selling no buying- need to pay back loans

› Stock Market Crash! People lost ; banks and businesses closed

Magazine Project

7 groups = Women, Prohibition, Technology, Red Scare, Sports, Consumerism/Buying on Credit, Music/Movies/Fads

Design a page or two for a magazine that would have been seen during the 1920’s

Be Creative› Use factual text and pictures